A Centennial Perspective on Great War Seaplanes

]ackHerris
 German Seaplane Fighters
ofWWI
A Centennial Perspective on Great War Seaplanes

Jack Herris

Great War Aviation Centennial Series #2

This book is dedicated to the pioneer Naval Aviators of the first Great War in the air.

A print edition of this book is available at www.Amazon.com, ISBN 978-1-935881-09-4

Acknowledgements
I want to especially thank Colin Owers for providing many of the contemporary aircraft photos from WWI
and for his drawings of the Brandenburg Wl6 and W25. Martin Digmayer created the rest of the drawings.
All drawings are reproduced to 1/ 48 scale.
Cover and chapter paintings by Steve Anderson. Please see his website: www.anders on-art.com
Color aircraft profiles © Bob Pearson. Purchase his CD of WWI aircraft profiles for $50 US/Canadian, 40 €, or
£30, airmail postage included, via Paypal to Bob at: [email protected]
For our aviation books in print and electronic format, please see our website at: www.aeronautbooks.com.
You may contact m e at [email protected].
An edition of this book designed for the iPad is available in the iTunes store; search ISBN 978-1-935881-51-3

Interested in WWI aviation? Join The League of WWI Aviation Historians (www.overthefront.com)
and Cross & Cockade Internation al (www.crossandcockade.com).
ISBN: 978-1-935881-51-3
© 20 12 Aeronau t Book s, all rights reserved
T ext © 20 12 Jack H erris
D esign and layout: Jack H erris
Cover design : Aaron Weaver
Digit al ph ot o editing: Jack H erris www. a erona utb ooks. com
2 GERMAN SEAPLANE FIG HTERS OF WWI

Table of Contents
Introduction 3
FF33L- Fighter Forerunner 6
Single-Seat Floatplane Fighters 12
Albatros W4 14
Brandenburg KDW 21
Brandenburg W11 31
Brandenburg "V16 32
Brandenburg W25 34
Rumpler 6B1 & 6B2 36
Friedrich shafen FF43 48
Roland W 52
Sablatnig SF4 Biplane & Triplane 54
Ursinus Floatplane Fighter 56
L.T.G. FD1 58
Flying Boat Fighters 59
Above: The logo of the German Axial propeller company. Brandenburg CC 61
Brandenburg W17 66
Brandenburg W18 67
Two-Seat Biplane Fighters 71
Brandenburg W12 73
Brandenburg W19 82
Brandenburg W27 90
Brandenburg W32 91
Albatros W8 92
Friedrichshafen FF48 93
Sablatnig SF3 94
Sablatnig SF7 95
K.W. (Wilhelmshafen) No.945 96
Two-Seat Monoplane Fighters 97
Brandenburg W29 100
Above: The logo of the German Garuda propeller Brandenburg W33, W34, & ·w37 110
company. Friedrichshafen FF63 114
Below: The logo of the German Behrend & Ruggebrecht Junkers CLS.I 115
propeller company on a Behrend & Ruggebrecht propeller. Zeppelin-Lindau (Dornier) Cs.I 116
In Retrospect 118
Afterword 124
Bibliography 124
Drawings 125
 GERMAN SEAPLANE FIGHTERS OF WWI 3

Above: Lt. d.RMI Fritz Hammer, flying the KDW prototype, Marine Number 748, from the German naval air station at
Angernsee, downs a Russian four-engine Sikorski ll'ya Mouromets reconnaissance -bomber on 23 September 1916.
Sikorski /M-6 crash-landed at its base with 293 bullet holes and three of its four crewmen wounded. This was one of only
three air-to-air victories scored over these tough bombers during the war.
4 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

he birth of the airplane had an impact on naval

T operations in WWI similar to that on land
warfare. Like the generals, the admirals immediately
saw the possibilities of naval aviation for long-range
scouting and direction of naval gunfire. H owever,
the question was whether the new technology was
mature en ough to be practical.
Naval aviation means flight over water, and that
puts a premium on reliability. Many early aviators
were forced down by a minor ignition or fuel system
fault they were able to correct after landing, then
were able to resume their mission. H owever, faults
over water m eant the aircraft had to land on water.
If a landplane has to ditch, the flight is over and the
crew are in grave peril. So naval aviation focused on
floatplanes and flying boats to improve the odds of
successful mission completion and crew survival.
Above: A Brandenburg W29 on patrol in threatening
Providing the sea is not too rough, the seaplane weather. Branden burgs often patrolled over the North Sea
or flying boat may be able to float indefinitely, or
in formations of five aircraft.
even take off again if repair is possible, so structural
robustness is especially important for naval aircraft; could help with over-water navigation, use a flexible
the additional airframe strength required plus the machine gun for greater combat effectiveness, and
floats or boat hull make seaplanes heavier than provide an additional pair of eyes for scouting for
landplanes. enemies, so a two-seat fighter design was wanted.
Considering that the best qualities of airships, The challenge was to design a two-seat seaplane fast
long range, long endurance, and relatively good and maneuverable enough for the fighter role.
reliability, closely matched the critical requirements The Brandenburg W12 two-seat biplane was a
of naval aviation, it is not surprising that airships breakthrough design that was just want the Navy
played a major role in WWI naval aviation. In wanted. D espite using the same variety of 150- 160
Germany, which led the world in airship technology, hp engines used in the single-seat seaplane fighters,
Zeppelins of the N aval Airship Division found the W12 was as fast and maneuverable as they
more employment for North Sea scouting that any were, plus it had longer range and endurance and
other mission, including their highly publicized combined these attributes with the greater combat
raids over Britain. When the German Army became effectiveness of a second crewman with flexible gun.
disenchanted with the cost and vulnerability of The combat success of the W12 rendered single-seat
airships, their airships were transferred to the seaplane fighters obsolete, and m any of those on
German Navy. In fact, long-range, long-endurance hand were relegated to training or even to storage
scouting missions by Z eppelins over the North Sea while the W1 2 shouldered the burden of combat.
was essential to the German High Seas Fleet, which The innovative structural design of the W12
could not risk letting itself be trapped away from its was key to its success. Not only did the Wl2 sire
bases by the larger British Battle Fleet . an extensive family of derivative designs from its
The high construction and operating costs of parent company, all subsequent German two-seat
Zeppelins limited their number, and the German seaplane fighters from other companies were greatly
N avy therefore purchased many more floatplanes influenced by the W12, including the all-m etal
for short-range, tactical reconnaissance than it designs of the Junkers and Dornier (Z eppelin-Lindau)
had Z eppelins . As airplane technology advanced companies that were too late for combat.
and experience was gained using armed, two-seat Only Brandenburg was able to deliver successful
floatplanes against Allied ships and aircraft, the new two-seat floatplane fighters in time for combat
German Navy realized it needed fighters to defend operations before the armistice. Once the W12
its naval air station s. The first generation of German proved its worth over the North Sea, the Navy
naval fighters were single-seat floatplanes and flying wanted similar fighters with greater range and
boats. endurance, and the larger W19 was developed from
The Navy soon realized that it needed fighters the W12 to provide the enhanced capabilities. The
with longer range capable of offensive operations, N avy also wanted more speed to make intercepting
not just air station defense. A second crewman British flying boats and floatplanes easier, and the
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 5
monoplane W29 derived from the W1'2 provided
greater speed by reducing the drag of the airframe. Naval Aircraft Categories
Finally, the enlarged W33 monoplane provided Category Meaning
both the increased speed of the W29 and the longer B Two-seat aircraft with bombing
range of the W19, and all these types were employed equipment
effectively on combat operations over the North Sea.
German submarines transited the N orth Sea en BFT Two-seat aircraft with bombing
route to and from their patrol areas, and Britain equipment and wireless transmitter
naturally engaged in extensive anti- submarine Bu U-boat aircraft (U-Boot Flugzeug)
operations in and over the North Sea to counter the C'2MG Two-seat aircraft with on e flexible
U-boats. These operations included anti-submarine and one fixed machine gun
patrols by flying boats, floatplanes, and non-rigid
C3MG Two-seat aircraft with one flexible
airships, which posed a significant hazard to German
submarines. The Germans needed to counter these and two fixed machine guns
operations, and the arrival of the Brandenburg CHFT Two-seat aircraft with on e
fighters made an immediate impact on the situation. flexible machine gun and wireless
From that time onward British aircraft had to be transmitter and receiver
prepared to defend themselves against effective air CK Two-seat aircraft with one flexible
attack and the resulting combats were frequent and cannon and one or two fixed
brutal. Flying from Z eebrugge, Norderney, Borkum, machine guns
and Ostende on the Flanders coast, the Brandenburgs
E Single-seat flying boat
earned the nickname 'The H ornets of Z eebrugge'
(Einsitzerboot)
for their fierce attacks on Allied floatplanes, flying
boats, airships, and surface ships . In addition to ED Single-seat aircraft with twin floats
downing their share of British aircraft, all six MTBs (Einsitzer mit Doppelschwimmer)
(Motor Torpedo Boats) involved in an operation on ED2MG Single-seat aircraft with twin floats
11 August 1918 were destroyed by the Brandenburgs. and two machine guns
Three of the MTBs were sunk by machine-gun fire
FL Aircraft for control of wire-guided
and the other three MTBs, all in desperate condition, attack boats (Femienkflugzeug)
deliberately ran themselves aground in neutral
Holland to avoid being sunk, thus saving most of G Twin-engine aircraft (Grossflngzeng)
their crewmen. H FT Two-seat aircraft with bombing
equipment and wireless transmitter
Naval Aircraft Categories R Aircraft with three or m ore engines
The German Navy did not use the army aircraft (Riesen flug zeug)
designations; instead the Navy had its own type
designation system. Naval aircraft were referred s Training aircraft (Schulflugzeug)
to by individual Marine N umber and category. T Torpedo aircraft (Torpedoflngzeng)
The categories listed at right could be combined to u Practice aircraft (U ebungsflugzeug
describe the aircraft equipment in greater detail, fz:ir Alleinflieger)
allowing designations such as C2MGHFT.
v Test aircraft (Versnchsflugzeug zur
Naval Aircraft Procurement Erprobnng von Motoren, Propellem ,
Naval aircraft procurement was controlled by the Instrumente, usw.)
RMA (Reichs Maritime Amt - German Admiralty).
The prototypes of all new designs were sent to
the SVK (See-Flngzeng-Versuchs-Kommando -
Seaplane Experimental and Testing Command) at
Warnemiinde for testing and evaluation. Seaplanes
were built to the standards established in the applied. Before being accepted for Naval service the
Allgemein Baubestimmungen fiir Seeflngzenge der aircraft were tested for seaworthiness and flying
Reichs-marine (General Construction Regulations performance. Problems found during testing had to
for Marine Aircraft of the German Navy) and be resolved before the SAK (See-Flngzeng-Abnahme-
arrived at Warnemiinde with current national Kommission - Seaplane Acceptance Commission)
insignia and assigned Marine Number already would approve production.
6 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

FF33L - Fighter FF33L Production Orders

Marine
Forerunner Numbers Category Qty Delivery Dates
The main purpose of fighter aircraft is to attack
932- 941 C2MG 10 Jan.- Feb./ 1917
enemy aircraft. Some early fighters like the Vickers
Gunbus and SPAD pulpit fighters had a gunner with 1001- 1010 CHFT 10 Mar.- July/ 1917
flexible gun and no gun for the pilot, but the fighter 1085- 1094 CHFT 10 Apr.- June/ 1917
soon evolved and a fixed gun for the pilot became
1117- 1126 C2MG 10 Apr.- June/ 191 7
essential. Thus t o be included in this work, a fixed
gun for the pilot was a requirement, and the C2MG 1158- 1177 CHFT 20 Apr.- June/ 1917
variant of the Friedrichshafen FF33L qualifies. Of 1234- 1278 CHFT 45 May- Oct./ 1917
the 145 production FF33Ls, 60 were the C2MG 1279- 1288 C2MG 10 June/ 1917
category with fixed gun for the pilot; the other 85
were category CHFT with wireless transmitter and 1577- 1596 C2MG 20 Aug.- Sep/ 1917.
receiver and a flexible gun for the observer, but no 3144--3153 C2MG 10 Late 1918
gun for the pilot. An additional 40 of the C2MG 3154--31 93 C2MG 40 Cancelled 12/ 18
version of the FF33L were ordered but not built and
the order was cancelled in December 1918. Marine #3144 had an experimental tail design.
The FF33 series was built in greater numbers, 491,
than any other German n aval aircraft and perhaps FF33L Specifications
any WWI floatplane. The early FF33A and FF33B Engine 150 hp Benz Bz.III
were unarmed reconnaissance seaplanes built in
Span 13.3 m
small numbers. The main early production aircraft
was the FF33E, also an unarmed reconnaissance Length 8.825 m
floatplane. The FF33H was an armed development Wing Area 40.54 sq. m.
of the FF33E with a flexible gun for the observer and
Empty Wt. 916 kg
smaller span for better maneuverability. The FF33J
was a replacement for the FF33E and the FF33S was Gross Wt. 1,373 kg
a trainer. Max Speed 136 kmjh
The FF33L, the final version of the large FF33 Climb to 1,000 m 8 minutes
family, was designed for use as an escort and

olfchPn 84
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 7
Right: Friedrichsha fen
FF33H Marine Number
744 ill ustrates the aircraft
from which the FF33L
was derived. The FF33H
was already smaller and
more streamlined than
earlier FF33 models and
mounted a flexible gun for
the observer. The FF33L
featured a spinner and
more streamlined nose
than the FF33H and a more
streamlined tail as well,
improving its performance.
Addition of a fixed pilot's
gun in its C2MG version
made the FF33L the
transitional design to a real
naval fighter.

Right: This rear view of

Friedrichshafen FF33H
Marine Number 699 shows
the older tail surfaces to
advantage. These were from
the earlier FF33 variants and
were replaced w ith more
streamlined surfaces in
the FF33L. Friedrichshafen
seaplanes were robust,
reliable craft that could
withstand the rigors of
maritime service and had
good seakeeping.

patrol fighter and its C2MG variant was the first reconnaissance companions over the North Sea and
German seaplane to mount a fixed gun for the Baltic.
pilot. The FF33L was developed from the FF33H While its offensive capabilities were modest, the
and was somewhat smaller and more streamlined C2MG variant of the FF33L was the transitional
than earlier FF33 floatplanes to increase speed and design to the floatplane fighter and showed the
maneuverability compared to its general-purpose need for more effective aircraft like the faster,
ancestors. For a seaplane of the time the FF33L more m aneuverable Brandenburg Wl2 that truly
h ad good maneuverability and handling and fair warranted being called fighters through their
speed, and it was an effective escort for its unarmed enhanced offensive combat capability.

Facing Page: Freidrichshafen FF33E Marine #841 Wolfchen was the most famous German floatplane. Seen here after
its return to Germany and after being restored to a dramatic finish it never wore on operations, Wolfchen was the
reconniassance carried into the Indian Ocean and back by the German merchant raider Wolf, the most successful of all
Germany's raiders in WWI. Wolfchen played a key role in Wolf's success. During the voyage Wolfchen was covered in plain,
unmarked fabric, and at one point was recovered by captured sil k fabric after its original fabric wore out. The FF33E was a
reliable maid of all work among German floatplanes and served for most of the war, but only Wolfchen became famous.
8 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: The FF33L flown by Oblt.z.S. Friedrich Christiansen w ith his personal insignia on the rear fuselage is hanging from
the crane at Zeebrugge.
Below: Friedrichshafen FF33L fl oatplanes lined up on the Mole at Zeebrugge. German seaplanes from Zeebrugge
frequently engaged seaplanes and land planes of the Royal Naval Air Service. Land planes normally had the advantage in
these combats because they were not encumbered with floats, but a number of landplanes were downed by floatplanes.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 9

Above: FF33L C2MG #1123 at left and a companion FF33L,

possibly C2MG #1124, at right, are ready for their next
mission from Angernsee in 1917. The FF33L was smaller
and more streamlined than earlier FF33 variants, giving
it better speed and maneuverability. That, coupled with
its fixed gun for the pilot, enabled it to undertake more
aggressive m issions than its antecedents, making it the
transition stage to a true floatplane fighter.

Left: Friedrichshafen FF33L Marine Number 1001 was the

first production CHFT version and is shown here at the SVK
at Warnemunde.
Below: The C2MG version of the Friedrichshafen FF33L was the first German naval aircraft w ith a fixed gun for the pilot
and was the forerunner of the seaplane fighter. Here it is shown at the SVK at Warnemunde.
10 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: Friedrichshafen FF33L floatplanes from Zeebrugge on patrol over the North Sea sight a Dutch schooner.
Below: One of the Friedrichshafen FF33L fl oatplanes lands near t he Dutch schooner to check it for contraband. German
seaplanes captured or sunk a number of vessels like this that they found carrying contraband.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI II

Above: This photo taken at Seeflugstation Angernsee in 1917 shows, from left to right, Friedrichshafen FF33L Marine
Numbers 1175, 1091, and 1123 in the foreground, and in the right background FF33L Marine Numbers 1236 and 1094.
Friedrichshafen FF33E Marine number 805 is in the center background.

Above: Friedrichshafen FF33L Marine Number 1009 is at the far right w ith FF33L Marine Number 1239 in front of it on the
ramp.
12 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Single-Seat Floatplane Fighters

y May 1916 the German Navy decided it needed of manufacturers, and the adjacent table lists the
B seaplane fighters to protect its naval air stations
and initiated discussions with a number of aircraft
aircraft that were built to this requirement. The
Brandenburg CC, W17, and W18 were flying boats;
manufacturers, including Albatros, Friedrichshafen, the others were floatplanes. Interestingly, all the
Hansa-Brandenburg, Lubeck-Travemude, Roland, single-seat floatplane fighters placed in production
Rumpler, and Sablatnig to build single-seat seaplane were derived from production landplane designs.
fighters. Prototypes were ordered from a number

Single-Seat Seaplane Fighters

Aircraft Number Built Marine Numbers
Albatros W4 118 747,785- 786,902- 911,948- 967,1107- 1116,1302-1326,
1484- 1503, 1504-1513, 1719- 1738

Brandenburg CC 36 946, 1137- 1146, 1327- 1351

Brandenburg KDW 58 748,783- 784,912- 921,1067- 1076, 1380- 1394,1554-1573

Brandenburg W11 3 988- 990

Brandenburg W16 3 1077- 1079

Brandenburg W17 1 7

Brandenburg W1 8 1 2138

Brandenburg W25 1 2258

Friedrichshafen FF43 1 749

L.T.G. SD1 6 1299- 1301, 1518- 1520

Roland W 1 750

Rumpler 6B1 38 751,787- 788,890- 899, 1037- 1061

Rumpler 6B2 50 1062- 1066, 1188- 1207, 1434- 1458

Sablatnig SF4 2 900 !biplane), 901 ltriplane)

Ursinus 1 782
Specifications of Stngle-Seat Floatplane Ftghters
Spec KDW Wll W16 W25 ALBW4 ALBW4 Ru 6Bl Ru6B2 FF43 SF4
#747 (948- 967) Biplane
Engine 150 hp Benz 200 hp 160 hp 150 hp 160 hp 160 hp 160 hp 160 hp 160 hp 150 hp
Bz.III or 160 hp Benz Oberursel Benz Bz .III Mercedes Mercedes Mercedes Mercedes Mercedes Benz Bz.III
May bach Bz .rv U.III D.III D.III D.III D.III D.III
Mb.III or
160 hp
Mercedes D.III
Span 9.25 m 10.0 m 9.25 m 10 .4 m 9.50 m 9.50m 12 .2 m - 9.92 m 12 .0 m
Length 8.0m 8.2m 7.35 m 8.8 m 8.50m 8.50m 9.05 m - 8.55 m 8.33 m
Wing Area 28 .0 m 2 31.4 m 2 21.35 m 2 36.53 m 2 31.0 m 2 - - - 31.0 m 2 28 .26 m2 0t't1
Empty 940 kg. 935 kg. 636 kg. 9 18 kg. 709 kg 784 kg 854 kg - 798 kg 798 kg ~
Weight ~
(/')
Flying 1,210 kg 1,215 kg 896 kg 709 kg 989 kg 155 km/h 1,134 kg - 1,078 kg 1,078 kg t't1
Weight ~
'<:!
t-'
Maximum 170 km/ h 176 km/ h 170 km/ h 160 km/ h 155 km/ h 160 km/ h 152 km/ h 166 km/ h 163 km/ h 158 km/ h
Speed ~
t't1
"Tj
Climb to 5.9 min. - 5 min. 6.5 min. - 5.5 min. 5 m in. - 6 min. 5.5 min. ......
0
1,000m
~
t't1
Climb to 14 min. - - - - 8.5 min. 10 min. - 12 min. 14 min. ;d
(/'l
2,000m 0
"r1
Climb to 21 min. - 27 min. - - 23 min. 18 min. - - -
3,000m
Duration 2.5 hours - 2 h ours 2 .5 h ours - - - - Range : 400 - ~
km
Guns 1 gun (first 38 ), 2guns 2guns 2 guns 1 gun 2guns 1 gun 2guns 2guns 1 gun
1 or 2 guns
(last 20)

~
w
14 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Albatros W4 Albatros W4 Production Summary

Albatros, the largest German aircraft manufacturer,
responded to the N avy's request with the W4, a Marine Number Qty Notes
seaplane development of their Albatros D.l fighter
that was being built at the same time. Both the 747, 785- 786 3 Prototypes; 1 gun, ear
W4 and D.l were powered by the 160 hp Mercedes radiators
D.III engine. Due to its floats, the W4 was heavier
than the D.l and needed larger wings for more lift. 902- 911 10 1 gun, ear radiators
The h orizontal tail was larger to compensate for
the larger wings, and flight testing of the prototype 948- 967 20 2 guns, ear radiators
revealed tail heaviness. Changing the amount
of stagger solved the problem and happily also 1107- 1116 10 2 guns, ear radiators
improved climb rate and top speed. The prototype
and initial production W4s had ear radiators 1302- 1326 25 2 guns, ear radiators
and a single machine gun. The harsh operating
environment caused considerable problems with the 1484- 1503 20 2 guns, airfoil radiator,
wood floats and a number of different designs had to 4 ailerons
be tried both for strength and seaworthiness . Repairs
and water-proofing the leading edge and spars of the 1504- 1513 10 2 guns, airfoil radiator,
lower wings were also required after water damage, 4 ailerons
including delamination of the spars, was discovered.
Starting with the second W4 production batch, two 1719- 1738 20 As 1504- 1513;
machine guns were fitted. delivered directly to
storage.

Above: Oblt.zur See Friedrich Christiansen in the W4 prototype at Zeebrugge. The floats are longer than the initial floats
used and have been camoufl aged. Christiansen went on to score 13 victories and was awarded the Pour le Merite.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 15

Above: Albatros W4 Marine #964 of the second production batch.

Right: This view of wrecked

Albatros W4 Marine #958
of the second production
batch being recovered
from the water shows the
three-color naval hexagonal
camouflage fabric used on
later production aircraft.
The printed fabric was
used on all upper surfaces.
Printing the color on the
fabric during manufacture
saved time, labor, the
weight of paint, and the
paint itself.
16 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

The arrival of summer wea ther revealed problems batch of W4s was delivered directly to storage. Eight
with the ear radiators, which had to be replaced with W4s were traded to the Austro-Hungarian Navy in
a new design. Starting with the fifth production July 1918 in return for Austro-D aimler V-12 engines
batch (1484- 1503L airfoil radiators were fitted to to power Staaken R-planes. Designated ES to E1 2 in
reduce drag. To improve maneuverability the last Austro-Hungarian service, these saw no combat. By
two production batches were fitted with ailerons on August 1918 only four W4s were on combat duty on
all four wings. the N orth Sea and another five were on combat duty
By the time the final production batch was built, in Turkey.
the Brandenburg W12 two-seat floatplane fighter had A total of 118 W4 fighters were built in a series of
proved it was more effective in combat than single- production batches summarized in the table above.
seater floatplane fighters and the final production

The prototype Albatros W4 Marine #747 as built

with stained wood fuselage and clear-doped
linen flying surfaces. After it was assigned
to Zeebrugge it was partly over-painted in
ca mouflage colors.

Left: Albatros W4 #956 of

the second production
batch. The ear radiator is
prominent and, located on
both sides of the aircraft,
partially spoiled the
clean aerodynamic lines
of the fuselage. This was
addressed by using lower-
drag airfoil radiators in
the last three production
batches.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 17

Above: Albatros W4 Marine #965, an aircraft of the second production batch.

Below: This photo shows a woman in the cockpit of a n Albatros W4; the photo seems to have been retouched to
include her in 'pin-up' style, perhaps for a postcard. The W4 appears to be Marine #965 shown above; the dent in the
spinner appears to be the same.
18 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Albatros W4 Marine #911 after tactical

markings were added. Close inspection of
available photos shows the circular markings
were in three colors, thought to be the
German nationa l colors, and were applied to
the top of the rear fuselage in addition to the
sides. This fighter was flown by Lt.s.Z. Schulz,
who downed three aircraft while flying it.

Right: A pair of Albatros W4 fighters ready for launching;

Marine #911, last aircraft of the first production batch, is
nearest the camera. W4 #91 1 later had additional tactical
markings added as shown in the photo below.
Below: Seaplanes lined up at Windau 1n 1917 include at
least seven Albatros W4 fighters, with Marine Numbers
91 1, 958, and 1107 visible on the original photo. Albatros
W4 Marine #91 1 is the aircraft in the right background with
the two circles on the fuselage. Marine #911 was the most
successfu l Albatros W4 in the Baltic; Lt.z.S. Schu lz downed
three aircraft while flying it. Friedrichshafen FF33L Marine
#1263, a category CHFT reconnaissance two-seater, is in
the left foreground, and a similar machine is at right.

·-·
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 19

Albatros W4 Marine #15 12 was the next to

last W4 built in the next to last production
batch. It represented the fina l W4 production
configuration w ith two guns, an airfoil
radiator, and ailerons on all four w ings for
better maneuverability, and was finished in
standard naval late-war camouflage.

....,_-...
. .
Above: Albatros W4 Marine #1318, from the
fourth production batch, is shown here at the
Austro-Hungarian Seeflugstation Puntisel/a in
July 1918 before its new Austro-Hungarian
serial E12 was applied.
Left: Albatros W4 Marine #1322 from the
fourth production batch has been damaged
by a hard landing. It is in the late insignia.
20 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: Albatros W4 Marine #965. This photo appears to be

Above: W4 Marine #1486 having a bad day. the one used to create the 'pin-up' photo on page 17.

Above: W4 #1486 of the

fifth production batch
before its accident shows
the final production
configuration of four
ailerons, an airfoil radiator,
and the late naval
camouflage scheme.

Left: W4 #1512, sixth

batch, also shows the final
production configuration
of four ailerons, an airfoil
radiator, and the late naval
camouflage scheme.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 21

Brandenburg KDW

Above: This striking view of Marine #748, the first prototype, shows the washed out ailerons. Many WWI airplanes had
the angle of attack of their ailerons reduced or'washed out' to ensure the inner part of the w ing stalled before the outer
part. where the ailerons were fitted. With no'wash out; the outer part of the wing would stall first and the pilot would lose
aileron control at the beginning of the stall, making a spin much more likely. The metal fairings enclosing the apex of the
w ing star-struts of #748 are not seen on later aircraft.

The Brandenburg KDW (Kampf Doppeldecker The German N avy's need for a seaplane
Wasser - literally 'combat biplane water') was station defense fighter led to development of the
developed from the earlier Brandenburg KD (Kampf Brandenburg KDW, a straight-forward conversion
Doppeldecker) landplane fighter. The Brandenburg of the KD to a floatplane fighter. Floats replaced
KD was designed in Germany in 1916 and went the wheels and both the wing span and area were
into production for the Luftfahrtruppe, the Austro- increased to provide additional lift to compensate
Hungarian air service, as the Brandenburg D.l fighter. for the extra weight of the floats . Fortunately, a
The Brandenburg KD, or D.l, was basically a synchronized machine gun was mounted on the
conventional, wire-braced wooden design of the starboard side of the fuselage instead of the clumsy,
time except for one notably different feature, the over-wing mounting used by the KD. Initially the
interplane struts . The metal interplane struts, gun was mounted too far forward to be reached by
streamlined by laminated wood fairings, were the pilot in case of a jam during flight, but this was
designed as a set of four triangles that met at their rectified with the first production series . The final
apex, giving a unique star appearance. The star-strut production series was intended to mount two guns
design was very strong and eliminated the need adjacent to the cockpit where the pilot could reach
for the drag-producing bracing wires featured by them in flight, but some machines carried only one
contemporary designs. The resulting Brandenburg gun.
KD was a strong, fast fighter. Unfortunately, its The three prototype aircraft had the 150 hp
single machine gun was mounted in a streamlined Benz Bz.III engine with car-type, frontal radiator.
housing above the wing, making it impossible for Aircraft of the second production series h ad the
the pilot to clear jams during flight. Worse, the 150 hp Benz Bz.III (if intended for the Baltic) or the
KD lacked both maneuverability and stability, 160 hp Mercedes D.III engine with radiator in the
and was prone to stalling and spinning with little starboard side of the upper wing (if intended for
provocation. Flanders or the North Sea). All aircraft of the first,
22 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: The KDW prototype before armament was fitted. No Marine Number is visible and the frontal, car-type radiator
and overall aerodynamic cleanliness of the design are prom inent.

Left: KDW #748, the

machine used by Lt.d.RMI
Fritz Hammer at Angernsee
to bring down Sikorski
IM-6 on 23 Sept 1916.
The basic sturd iness of
the design was tested
during Hammer's running
combat in which he made
four separate passes at
the Russian bomber, once
nearly losing control when
he was caught in the
turbulence of the bomber's
wake. Note the position
of the machine gun, which
was so far forward that the
muzzle can be seen close to
the radiator.

Left: Hammer criticized the

inaccessibility of the gun on
the starboard side of #748,
clearly out of reach, after his
combat with the Sikorski.
According to Hammer he
m ight have been able to
clear the simple jam that
occurred on his fourth pass
had he been able to reach
this gun.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE FIGHTERS OF WWI 23
Right: The prototype KDW
Marine #748, as confimed
by the fairings over the
apex of the struts. The
Marine Number has not yet
been applied.

third, and fourth production series had the 160 hp

Maybach Mb.III engine with radiator in the starboard KDW Production
side of the upper wing. In the summer of 1917 early
production aircraft were refitted with additional Marine Qty Notes
small interplane struts bracing the upper wing to Number
increase torsional stiffness of the longer span wing, 748, 783, 784 3 Prototypes. 1 gun, 150
thereby improving aileron response. From the third hp Benz Bz.III engine.
production batch these struts were installed during Completed September 1916.
production.
Based so closely on the KD, the KDW inherited 912- 921 10 1 gun, 160 hp Maybach
its performance and flying qualities. These included Mb.III engine. Series
structural strength and good speed for a floatplane completed February 19 17.
fighter, although the additional weight and drag of
the floats and longer wings necessarily reduced speed 1067- 1076 10 1 gun, either 160 hp
and climb given that engine power was essentially Mercedes D.III engine
the same. Less happily, the KDW also inherited (aircraft destined for the
the poor stability and flying qualities of the KD. A Western Front) or 150 hp
number of changes to the vertical tail surfaces were Benz Bz.III engin e (aircraft
made during production in an attempt to improve destined for the Baltic).
these, but without notable success. As a result, the Series com pleted in March
KDW was able to engage reconnaissance seaplanes and April1 9 17.
and similar targets with a reasonable chance of
success, but was at a distinct disadvantage in combat 1380- 1394 15 1 gun, 160 hp Maybach
w ith contemporary landplane fighters. The KDW's Mb.III engine. Series
most significant operational success was when the completed in summer 1917.
first example, Marine Number 748, downed Russian
llya Mouromets IM-6, a four-engine reconnaissance- 1554- 1573 20 1 or 2 guns, 160 hp Maybach
bomber, one of only three downed in air-to-air Mb.III engine. Series
combat during the war. delivered between October
The KDW was delivered in small batches from 1917 and February 1918.
September 1916 to February 19 18. Only about
2,365 aircraft were produced for the German navy
during the war, so the 58 KDW aircraft produced with the 150 hp Benz was slower. Furthermore,
represented a reasonable success. However, the the W.4 had better climb rate and maneuverability,
competing Albatros W4, the floatplane conversion of better visibility from the cockpit, and, perh aps most
the successful Albatros D.l fighter, was produced in important, much better flying characteristics. Both
twice the numbers of the KDW, 118 being delivered types served on the Flanders front, the North Sea,
from September 1916 to December 1917. Although and in the Baltic. Eventually the KDW succumbed
the KDW with 160 hp Mercedes D.III had a slight to the same poor flying qualities and cockpit vision
speed advantage over the Albatros W.4, the KDW problems as its landplane predecessor, the D.I.
24 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: Marine Number 783, the second KDW prototype, showing its frontal radiator. The machine gun is far forward, out
of the pilot's reach in case of j ams. The w ing structure is evident through the fabric. The Balkenkreuz on the wings appear
to be painted over white backgrounds. Although it is difficult to see in this view, there is no fixed fin above the fu selage.

Above: Marine Number 783, the second KDW prototype, clearly shows the forward mounting of the machine gun in this
photo. Although the view of the rudder is washed out, the only fixed fin is shown below the fu selage.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 25

Above: The inaccessible location of the machine gun is also clearly evident on another of the KDW prototypes, Marine
#783. This aircraft was being ferried from Warnemunde to Windau by Lt.z.S. Joachim Coeler when it was forced down
near Memel on 23 Sept., 1916. This aircraft may not have completed its journey, for it does not appear in subsequent
flying entries at Windau. In March, 1917, Coeler was ordered to the Putzig Seekampfeinsitzerschule to be its commander.
KDW Marine #748 is in the right background, identified by the metal fairings at the apex of its interplane struts.

Above: Side view of Marine Number 912, the first production KDW, shows the machine gun has been moved back to
enable the pilot to reach it in flight to clear jams. This change was made on the basis of early combat reports on #748.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: The first KDW from the initial production batch, Marine #912 went to Zeebrugge. On 10 May, 1917, this aircraft
was wrecked while being flown by Oblt.z.S Kurt Reinert. who later died from the inj uries he sustained. Note that that Lt.
Hammer's remarks were heeded; the machine gun is now located closer to the cockpit. Also the radiator has been moved
to the upper wing, just right of center.

Above: Another KDW from the first production batch was Marine #921, which initially went to Libau, arriving there on
24 Feb., 1917. This aircraft was apparently at Putzig by May, and was w recked while being fl own by Lt. Markwald on
11 August, 1917. This photo was taken in front of a Hansa-Brandenburg hangar, apparently prior to June, 1917, when
additional bracing struts were ordered to be installed on all KDWs.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

=- --

•
••

Above: A late production KDW, Marine Number unknown, d isplays the fixed upper fin added to later aircraft to improve
stability and the additional small interplane struts added for better aileron effectiveness. Compare this aircraft with #1562
of the last production batch; this aircraft retains the plain finish of early production KDWs and the intermediate location
of the guns, so may be of the third production batch.
Below: This appears to be another photo of the KDW above, and provides an interesting view of the star struts
augmented w ith the auxiliary bracing struts. This arrangement was strong and eliminated the need for drag-producing
bracing w ires, but was heavier than conventional wing bracing. The additional weight and drag of the auxiliary bracing
struts basically elim inated the advantages of the star-strut design, and later designs returned to conventional w ing struts.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above & below: These photos, Marine Number unknown, clearly shows the light interplane struts ordered added to
all KDWs in June, 1917. The light struts run from the front spar of the lower wing to both spars of the upper w ing and
increased the torsional stiffness of the upper w ing, which improved aileron response. Compared to the prototypes, the
machine gun has been moved back closer to give the pilot better access in case of jams. A fixed vertical fin has been
added above the fuselage, which was not done on early production batches.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 29

Above: Marine Number 1562 of the final KDW production batch displays the additional interplane struts and shows off
the three-color hexagonal camouflage fabric used on the upper surfaces of German naval aircraft late in the war. The
machine guns have been moved up in front of the pilot for better access.

Above: A KDW from the last production batch, #1562 was one of the aircraft originally sent to 1/.Seefliegerabtei/ung,
presumably for assignment to a western front unit. Following a series of crashes at the Seekampfeinsitzerschule at Putzig,
this and several other 1/.SFA machines were ordered to be transferred to /.SFA and sent to the Putzig school. Standard late
naval lozenge camouflage was applied to this machine. The fixed vertical fin above the fuselage is enlarged compared to
the prototypes and early production machines.
JO GERMAN SEAPLANE FIG HTERS O F WWI

Marine #748 was the first KDW

prototype. It was finished in stained
wood for the fu selage and floats and
clear-doped linen flying surfaces.

Marine #921 was the last KDW in

the first production batch. Like the
prototypes, it was finished in stained
wood for the fu selage and floats and
clear-doped linen flying surfaces.

Marine # 1562 was part of the fourth

and last KDW production batch. It
was finished in the standard late-war
German naval camouflage with three-
color printed fabric on upper surfaces.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 31

Brandenburg Wll

E, r olbg. ~OOP~ Be n z. •

Above: W11 Marine Number unknown; this type was a slightly enlarged KDW with two machine guns and t he more
powerful200 hp Benz Bz.IV engine. Only three aircraft, marine numbers 988- 990, were built in late 1916 due to the
marginal improvement over the KDW. Of the t hree aircraft built at least two, Marine Numbers 988 and 989, were
assigned to Flandern 1 at Zeebrugge.

Following the KDW, Brandenburg constructed

three other single-seat floatplane designs during
the war. Like the final KDW production series, all
were armed with two fixed, synchronized Spandau
m achine guns.
The first design developed from the KDW was the
Brandenburg W.ll, an enlarged KDW powered by a
200 hp Benz Bz.IV engine. Span was enlarged slightly
to 10.0 m, length to 8.2 m, and wing area t o 3 1.4
sq. m . The additional power increased speed t o 176
kmfh (109 mph), but flight characteristics were not
improved. With the increased power an increased
climb rate would also be expected, but no data
survive to confirm th at . Only three aircraft, marine
numbers 988- 990, were built in late 1916 due to the
m arginal performance improvem ent over the KDW
and the great success of the Brandenburg W12 two-
seat fighter.

Right: The logo of t he German Anker propeller company

on an Anker propeller.
32 GERMAN SEAPLANE f iGHTERS OF WWI

Brandenburg W16

The W16 of 1916 was distinctly different from the over the KDW, but speed was the same and above
KDW and was powered by an Oberursel U.III rotary 1,000m climb was inferior. Like the W11, only three
engine of 160 hp . Span was the same as the KDW and examples were built, Marine Numbers 1077- 1079,
due to the rotary engine it was much lighter. Flying because they were no improvem ent over the KDW,
characteristics likely were somewhat improved and there is no record the W16 flew on operations .
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 33

This Page & Facing Page:

The W16 was an attempt
to create a replacement for
the KDW that had better
maneuverability and
handling qualities. It had a
larger fixed fin to improve
stability and the heavy
star-strut arrangement
was replaced with a new
design that did not obstruct
the pilot's view as much.
Despite the same power
and its much lighter weight
than the KDW, it was no
faster and its climb rate
was actually lower above
1OOOm. The massive spinner
was an attempt to minimize
drag.

•
34 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Brandenburg W25

Above & Below: The final development of the KDW configuration was the W25. It has three-color naval hexagonal fabric
on the upper surfa ces; conventional interplane struts replaced the 'star-st rut' arrangement of the KDW.

The final Brandenburg single-seat floatplane fighter was reduced slightly due to replacement of the star
design was the W25, a development of the KDW struts, but with the same 150 hp Benz Bz.III engine
with conventional wing bracing. The W25, with and the larger wing with its greater drag, both speed
its revised wing bracing, ailerons on all four wings, and climb rate were actually less than the KDW. Due
and increased wing span and area, was clearly an to its inferior performance compared to the KDW
attempt to improve on the m aneuverability, flight only a single aircraft, Marine Number 2258, was
characteristics, and field of view of the KDW. Weight produced.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 35

This Page: The W25 had

the fixed upper vertical
fin of the late-production
KDW, but d iffered in
having ailerons on all
four wings, which also
featured increased span
and area. These changes
likely improved its handli ng
characteristics, but not
enough for a production
order.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Rumpler 6Bl & 6B2

Above: Rumpler 6B1 Marine #1 045 of the last 6B1 production batch shows its propeller spinner and streamlined nose in
this air-to-air photograph. Production 6B1 aircraft had the Rumpler C.IV's curved horizontal tail plane. Surprisingly, the 6B1
was more effective on operations than either the Albatros W4 or KDW. Pilots liked its excellent hand ling qualities and its
performance was competitive despite being derived from a two-seat reconnaissance airplane.

The Rumpler 6B1 (known to the Navy as the the improved 6B2 that had the ability to mount
Rumpler ED) was derived from the successful two machine guns. The 6B2 also had refined
Rumpler C.I two-seat reconnaissance aircraft. aerodynamics derived from later production
The weight of the floats was compensated for by Rumpler C.IV aircraft that gave it greater speed;
elimination of the observer and his equipment, and specifically the spinner was replaced by a rounded
the upper wing was moved forward to compensate nose. Three production batches totaling 50 aircraft
for the forward shift in center of gravity. Like the were ordered in early 1917. However, production
Rumpler C.I and Albatros W4, the 6B1 was powered was slow; the first aircraft were delivered a full ten
by a 160 hp Mercedes D.III. The 6B1 retained the months after being ordered, and only about half
C.l's single fixed gun for the pilot. The prototype, were fitted with two guns, the others mounting a
Marine #751, was delivered to the seaplane testing single gun. Production data and other information
command on 7 July 1916. After testing it was about use suggest that by the time the 6B2 was
accepted on 10 August, and the first production ready, the Navy strongly preferred two-seat seaplane
batch of ten fighters was ordered on 14 August, fighters, reducing the urgency for the 6B2 and other
followed by a further batch of 2.5 fighters. single-seat fighters. The 6B2 therefore saw limited
operational service and was mostly used for training.
Rumpler 6B2 Four 6B2 aircraft were sold to the Austro-Hungarian
The Rumpler 6B1 was followed in production by Navy, which assigned them serial numbers E1- E4.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 37

Above: The prototype Rumpler 6B1, Marine#? 51, is photographed here conducting flight trials at the Rumpler facility on
the Muggelsee near Berlin in June 1916. The armament has not yet been installed.

+~ '
•'

- /
·~),
~I

.-
- ..
- ' ""L. -

..
•

Above: The prototype Rum pier 6B1 while at the SVK in Warnemunde. The light color does not contrast well w ith the
sky background, which was good for air-to-air camouflage and bad for photography. Power was provided by a 160 hp
Mercedes 0.111 engine. The first three prototypes had the C.l horizontal stabilizers with straight lead ing edges; production
aircraft had the C. IV tailplane w ith curved leading edges.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Rumpler 6Bl & 6B2 Production

Marine Qty Notes
Numbers
751, 787- 788 3 Prototypes, C.I tailplane

890- 899 10 First 6B1 production,

C.IV tailplane

1037- 1061 25 Second 6B1 production

1062- 1066 5 6B2 pre-production

1188- 1207 20 First 6B2 production Above & Below: Rum pier 6B 1 Marine #1 045
photographed in flight. This fighter was stationed at
1434-1458 25 Second 6B2 production Borkum on September 13, 1917, where these photos and
the one starting this section were probably taken. The
photo below shows the camouflage on the upper surfaces.

Left: Rum pier 6B1 Marine

#1 045 displays its agility for
the photographer.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 39

. 751

Above: The prototype Rum pier 6B1 photographed at the SVK at Warnemunde, where the aircraft was delivered on July
7, 1916. It was accepted on August 10, 1916, and this was quickly followed by a production order for the first batch of 10
aircraft on August 14, before the next two prototypes, 787 and 788, were completed. Someone has drawn in the outline
of the fin and rudder on the original print due to the low contrast between the sky and the aircraft.
Below: Rum pier 6B1 W4 Marine #751 is shown after being repainted in camouflage colors after assignment to
Zeebrugge. The straight leading edge of the C.l-style tailplane is clearly shown. Flying f rom Zeebrugge, Lt.z.S. Neimeyer
used Rumpler 6B1 #75 1 to down a Short Seaplane on 31 Aug. 1916 and a Caudron G.4 on 7 Sept. 1916.
GERMAN SEAPLANE FIG HTERS O F WWI

751
The prototype Rumpler 681
after armament was fitted,
which was a single machine
gun on the port side with 750
rounds of ammunition.

Rum pier 6Bl Marine #751 after

camouflage was roughly applied
at Zeebrugge. The aircraft has
also gained a national insignia
on the fuselage. This is how the
aircraft looked when flown on
operations.

Rum pier 6Bl Marine #1 042

in standard late-war naval
camouflage.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 41

-~
-
· ~'!'

Above: Rum pier 6B1 Marine #899 was the last aircraft of the first production batch. It is seen here being hoisted by a
crane for launching, something every German seaplane was equipped to do.

Below: Rumpler 6B1 Marine #899 after successful launch. The curved tailplane applied to production aircraft is clearly
visible. The standard late-war, three-color lozenge fabric does not appear to have been used on this aircraft; instead, the
upper surfaces of the wings appear to be sprayed in two colors. On 15 May 1917 #899 was stationed at Borkum on the
Flanders coast for operations over the North Sea.

- -- ---
.....-.-_
~ ___
--- ----_---
....
.._.-
•
42 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: Rumpler 681 W4 Marine #1 051 shows its dark coloring and operational markings. The 681 and 682 had good
performance despite their size and had far better handling qualities than the KDW.

Above: Rum pier 681 Marine #1042 of the second production batch is launched into the water and is seen just leaving the
launching dolly. This aircraft was assigned to Konstanza on May 15, 1017, suggesting this photograph was taken there.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 43

Rumpler6B1 Marine #1051 of the

second 6B1 production batch;
see photo on facing page.

Above: Rum pier 6B1 Marine #1 059 serves as a backdrop for a group photograph; unfortunately/ the identit ies of the men
and dogs are not known. Either this is a very informal photograph or the photographer made this shot while setting up
for the formal portrait. The Marine Number has been painted in the side of both floats to identify the aircraft/ and the
Axial propeller has a metal tip to reduce erosion from spray. Aviators seem to like dogs.
44 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: Rum pier 6B2 Marine #1 066 was from the 6B2 pre-production batch. From the rear it is difficult to tell the 6B1 from
the 682. Although the 6B2 was designed to carry two machine guns, only about half the aircraft actually had two guns.

Above: Rumpler 6B2 tloatplanes 1439, 1062, 1062, and

1194 are lined up at either Kiel Holtenau or further east
at one of the Baltic Seeflugstationen (naval air stations).
Marine #1439 carries a large white circle as a tactical
identification marking, while #1 062 carries two white
circles and #1 063 carries three white circles.

Right: This Rumpler 6B1 has been repainted in the late,

straight- sided national insignia specified by the Navy on
March 30, 1918. It is being readied for a training fl ight at
Putzig naval air station.
GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 45

Rum pier 6B2 Marine #1063 in

standard late- war naval camouflage
and markings with three white
circles added as a tactical marking.

Rum pier 6B2 Marine #1066 of the

pre-production batch of 6B2 fighters;
see photo page 49. By this time the
standard late-war naval three-color
camoufl age fabric was standard on
the upper surfaces.

Rumpler 6B2 Marine #1439

in standard late-war naval
camouflage w ith a large white
circle added as a tactical marking.
The fin also appears to be in three-
color naval camouflage fabric,
perhaps resulting from a repair.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: Rumpler 6B1 W4 Marine #1189 was from the first 6B2 production batch. Its lack of propeller spinner was due to
research to improve the Rum pier C.IV series that showed a streamli ned nose without spinner had less drag. This made the
6B2 14 km/ h faster than the similarly-powered 6B1, a significant improvement for such an apparently m inor change. Here
is is shown on its beaching gear at Seef/ugstation Puntisel/a on July 9, 1918, in Austro-Hungarian service.

Left: Rum pier 6B2 in Dutch service post-war.

Right: An Austro-Hungarian
Rum pier 6B2 flies ove rthe
harbor at Trieste.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 47

Above & Below: Austro-Hungarian Rum pier 6B2 E3 (formerly Marine #1 090) is moored next to the officers' mess at lgalo
naval air station. The upper surfaces of the wings are in the German naval three-color printed camouflage fabric, but
unusually there are no national insignia on the upper wings.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Friedrichshafen FF43

Above: The prototype Friedrichsha fen FF43 on the ramp of the airship ha ll at the Friedrichshafen works. The assigned
Marine Number, #749, has not yet been applied. Below: FF43 front view shows the FF43 was well streamlined for its t ime.

Friedrichshafen was the largest supplier of seaplanes machine guns, it had a maximum speed of 163 kmfh.
to the German Navy, and its products were noted for This was slightly faster than the contemporary
being robust and having good seakeeping qualities. Albatros W4 that was selected for production, so the
The Friedrichshafen FF43, Marine #749, was an FF43 must have had other shortcomings, and one
original seaplane fighter design powered by a 160 hp source notes that it had a poor rate of climb, which
Mercedes D.III that first flew on 30 September 19 16 is probably wh y it was not selected for a production
but remained a single prototype. Mounting two order.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 49

Above: The FF43 under evaluation at the Seeflug-Erprobung (Seaplane Test Facility) at Warnemunde. With better speed
than the Albatros W4 and two guns to the W4's single gun (until later production W4 batches), the FF43 seemed to offer
as much potential as the W4. However, the FF43 was not chosen for production, perhaps due to a poor rate of climb.

Above: The FF43 prototype with Marine Number and national insignia applied. Despite remaining a single prototype,
the FF43 was assigned to Zeebrugge for operational service. On November 10, 1916, Lt.z.S. Schuler shot down one of two
Short seaplanes he encountered during a coastal patrol between Zeebrugge and Dunkirk while flying the FF43.
so GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: The FF43 was a

well-streamlined aircraft
of good proportions that
looked a likely prospect for
production.

Above: The FF43 without engine cowling

shows engine details and the right gun
mount.

Left: The FF43 with wings removed shows

details of the fl oat struts.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 51

Above: FF43 outside the

airship hall before markings
were applied.
\..
-
j

Right: The FF43 with wings

removed shows details of
the float struts.

Below & Right: The FF43

at the airship hall before
its Marine Number was
applied.
52 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Roland W

Above: The Roland W photographed at the L.F.G. factory.

The Roland W, Marine #750, was derived from The Roland C.II was more noted for its speed
the operational Roland C.II two-seater. Like the than its good handling qualities, and it is likely the
C.II, the W was powered by a 160 hp Mercedes similar Roland W did not excel in handling either,
D.III and mounted a single fixed machine gun, but with the result the production order went to the
other details are not known and no production was more docile and maneuverable Rumpler 6Bl.
undertaken.

Above: The Roland W, Marine #750, was derived from the Roland C. II two-seat reconnaissance airplane.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 53

Above: Except for its ear radia tors, the Roland W was nicely streamli ned. It used the Wicke/rumpf technology of fuselage
construction, narrow ribbons of wood wrapped around a mold and glued into a strong, light-weight shell that was
streamlined and resistant to combat damage. Wickelfumpfwas pioneered by L.F.G. and later used successfu lly by Pfalz.
Below: The Roland W photographed at Warn emu nde.
54 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Sablatnig SF4 Biplane & Triplane

Above: The sole Sablatnig SF4 biplane prototype was Marine Number 900.

Designed as a single-seat floatplane fighter, the SF4 was excessive in even a shallow dive. To improve the
was unique in that it was built in both biplane and climb rate a triplan e version, Marine #901, was built;
triplane versions. Both were powered by a 150 hp like the biplane it was not competitive.
Benz Bz.III and carried one fixed, forward-firing Company founder Josef Sablatnig was a trained
Spandau m achine gun. The biplane, Marine #900, mechanical engineer and a well-known pioneer
was tested first, and while speed was competitive, pilot, so it is especially disappointing that he was
it had the lowest climb rate of all the single- unable to design an airframe that was at once light,
seat floatplane fighter competitors. Worse, its strong, and streamlined. Although nose entry was
maneuverability was poor due to its large wingspan streamlined, the wing structure created a lot of drag
and, despite its multitude of bracing wires, its due to extensive bracing wires, and despite that the
structure was insufficiently robust; wing vibration wing structure was weak.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 55

Above & Facing Page, Bottom: The SF4 biplane prototype is photographed in the snow; the broad interplane struts may
have helped streamlining but obstructed the pilot's field of view to the sides.
Below: The SF4 trip lane carried Marine #901 and had ailerons on all wings. Little information is available on the triplane
SF4, but it was not selected for production.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Ursinus Floatplane Fighter

--

Above: The Ursin us floatplane fighter was unique in having retractable floats, a significant innovation for its t ime. To
improve maneuverability the 150 hp Benz Bz.lll engine was located on the center of gravity.

The most innovative single-seat floa tplane fighter propeller via an extension shaft. The floats were
prototype built was the Ursinus, which had retracted by a manual crank. During trials there were
retractable floa ts for higher speed through reduced problems with the propeller extension shaft and float
drag. To improve maneuverability the engine was retraction mechanism. The prototype was destroyed
located on the center of gravity and drove the before it could achieve its estimated top speed of 200
kmfh. Its Marine N umber was 782.

Above: The inside upper edges of the retractable floats

were beveled to fit closely against the fuselage, which was
shaped to accommodate them when retracted.

Left: The logo of the German Becker propeller company.

 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 57

Above: The Ursinus floatplane fighter Marine Number 782 seen from the side with fl oats extended. The cockpit was well
aft because the engine was set back to the center of gravity and drove the propeller via an extension shaft.

Below: The Ursinus was an innovative design attempt to reduce the drag penalty of floats.
ss GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

L.T.G. FDl
Left: Three FD1
prototypes, Marine
#1299- 1301, were
ordered. Marine #1299
shown here was destroyed
du ring static load test ing.
Problems noted during
testing resulted in an
order for three redesigned
versions, at least two of
which were delivered
to the SVK, but no
production resulted.

The Luft Torpedo Gesellschaft, Johannisthal, 1918. The type was still being tested when the war
n ormally designed aerial torpedoes. Neverth eless, ended. The engine was listed as a 150 hp Benz Bz.III.
L.T.G. built Marine #1299 and delivered it to However, the hand (direction of rotation) of the
Warnemunde, were it was destroyed during load propeller is opposite to normal German engines,
testing. Three re-designed aircraft were ordered, including the Benz, indicating the engine must have
and the first two were delivered to the SVK in July been geared, but details are n ot known.

Below: FD1 Marine Number 1518 was the first of three of the re-designed, strengthened FD1 fighters ordered; the
vertical tail was greatly enlarged compared to the first version. It was delivered to the SVK in July 1918 together with
Marine #1519. Testing was incomplete when the war ended. It is difficu lt to understand why an experimental single-seat
floatplane fighter was being tested this late in the war after the great success of the Brandenburg two-seat floatplane
fighters. Perhaps this aircraft was tested more to evaluate its technology than as a potential production aircraft.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 59

Flying Boat Fighters

Above: Marine #946, the Brandenburg CC prototype, was armed wit h one gun and had a frontal rad iator.

n addition to the single-seat floatplane fighters popular with the Austro-Hungarian Navy, which
I discussed above, Brandenburg also designed a
series of single-seat flying boat fighters. These were
enjoyed warmer waters than Germany. The Austro-
Hungarian Brandenburg CC fighters had m ore
an anomaly because the German Navy generally powerfu l engin es than the German original and
preferred floatplanes to flying boats. were notably faster; they served successfully in
The Brandenburg CC was the only flying boat the Adriatic as did their replacement, the W18.
fighter to serve on operations with the German However, in 1918 the Austro-Hungarian Navy
Navy. Flying boats were not popular with German started procuring faster Phonix D.I land-based
pilots flying from the cold, rough waters of N orthern fighters to supplement the W18s, and the Phonix
Europe and the CC was soon withdrawn from fighters took an ever-greater role in defending naval
German service. H owever, the Brandenburg CC air stations in the Adriatic.
and its more powerful development, the W18, were

The Brandenburg CC prototype, Marine

Number 946, in color shows its plain finish
with stained wood fuselage and clear-
doped linen flying surfaces.
6o GERMAN SEAPLANE F I G HTERS O F WWI

Specifications For Flying Boat Fighters

Type Brandenburg CC Brandenburg CC Brandenburg CC Brandenburg W18
(German) (Austro-Hungarian) (Austro-Hungarian) (Austro-Hungarian)

Engine 150 hp Benz Bz.III 185 hp Austro- 200 hp Hiero 230 hp Hiero
Daimler

Span 9.50m 9.3 m 9.3 m 10.7m

Length 8.50m 7.65m 7.65 m 8.64m

Wt. Empty 709 kg 716 kg 800 kg 812 kg

Wt. Loaded 989 kg 1,030 kg 1,030 kg 1,092 kg

Max. Speed 155 kmfh 170 kmfh 180 kmfh 180 km/h

Climb to 1,000 m 5.5 min. 5 min. 4min. 5 min.

Climb to 2,000 m 8.5 min. 11.2 min. - 11.2 min.

Climb to 3,000 m 23 min. - 16 min. 23.4 min.

Armament 1- 2 guns 1 gun 1- 2 guns 2guns

Brandenburg CC w ith two

guns and airfoil radiator,
the standard configurati on.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 61

Brandenburg CC

Above: The compact, streamlined Brandenburg CC was the only flying boat fi ghter used by the German Navy.

The Brandenburg CC shared the star-strut w ing Austro-Hungarian branch of Brandenburg and for
design of the Brandenburg KDW. The star-strut whom the Type CC was named, was aware that
design was stronger but slightly heavier than the Austro-Hungarian Navy n eeded a fighter, and
conventional bracing and eliminated the need for Castiglione gave them a Type CC powered by a 185
external bracing wires. T he prototype and German hp Austro- Daimler engine that was assigned serial
production CC aircraft were powered by a 150 hp number A.1 2. T his aircraft was presented to naval
Benz Bz.III. The prototype had a single fixed gun ace Gottfried Banfield, CO of the Trieste Naval Air
for the pilot; production aircraft mounted two Station, who stated that it was the best single-seat
fixed guns and a frontal radiator. Like later KDW naval fighter so far. T he Austro-Hungarian N avy
fighters that shared the star-strut bracing, additional then purchased a dozen m ore Type CC aircraft,
interplane struts to stiffen the wingtips for improved serials A.13- A.24. These aircraft were supposed to be
aileron response were added to some CC fighters. powered by 185 hp Hiero engines, although engine
Although it was placed in production, with 35 shortages meant the first four used the 160 hp Hiero.
built in addition to the prototype, German pilots A second batch of two dozen aircraft, A.25- A.48,
did not consider the Type CC suitable for flying in to be powered by the 200 Hiero, was soon ordered.
Northern Europe, perhaps because as a flying boat From A.31 on the aircraft featured a number of
it did not keep the pilot as far out of the cold water improvements, m ost notably m ounting two fixed
as floatplanes did. T he Type CC did not serve very Schwarzlose machine guns and using an airfoil
long in the German Navy and the aircraft were soon radiator instead of the previous car-type radiator.
placed in storage. During production the fuselage was also lengthened
H owever, Camillo Castiglione, head of the for better directional stability. D uring the triplane
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

craze one aircraft, A.45, was t ested with a third

wing m ounted between the existing wings; climb Brandenburg CC Production
was slightly improved but the additional weight
and drag made it noticeably slower. The CC served Marine Numbers Qty Notes
successfully in the warmer waters of the Adriatic
until replaced by the improved W.1 8. 946 1 Prototype, 1 gun,
frontal radiator

1137- 1146 10 Two guns, airfoil

radiator
Below: These four photos of the Brandenburg CC
prototype show the early configuration of a single gun and
1327- 1351 25 Two guns, airfoil
frontal radiator for its 150 hp Benz Bz.lll engine. The wood
radiator
hull is stained and the flying surfaces are clear-doped linen.

Below: This CC from the first production batch displays a number of changes from the prototype; it has two guns, an
airfoil rad iator, and the engine is enclosed in a streamlined cowling.

i
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

u o'l/f'
.
. ... \.(
~·· --'

Above: Brandenburg CC #1 144 was from the first production batch. It ca rries two guns, has an airfoil radiator, and a
streamlined engine cowling.

Above: Brandenburg CC from the first production batch, probably #1 14, displays its clean lines. It carries two guns, has an
airfoil radiator, and a stream lined engine cowling with propeller spinner.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: Brandenburg CC from the first production batch, probably #114, displays its clean lines. It carries two guns, has an
airfoil radiator, and a streamlined engine cowling w ith propeller spinner.

Above: Damaged Brandenburg CC #1331 was built in the second and final production batch. Two guns are carried and
an airfoil radiator is fitted, as in the first production aircraft . The streamlined engine cowling is not fitted to this aircraft
and may have been omitted from the entire series.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above & Below: Li ke t he KDW, later production Brandenburg CC fighters were fitted w ith addit ional interplane struts to
stiffen the upper wing for improved aileron effectiveness. Two guns and an airfoil radiator are fi tted.
66 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Brandenburg W17

r -,
1

.. • •

.. •

Above: Only two W17 fighters were built and one, serial A.49, was supplied to the Austro-Hungarian navy, where it was
flown operat ionally by Obit. Gottfried Banfield, the leading Austro-Hungarian Naval ace.
The Brandenburg W17 flying boat fighter was a above, was flown operationally by Oblt. Gottfried
development of the Type CCi the key difference was Banfield, the leading Austro-Hungarian naval ace,
the use of a different wing cellule . The W17 had a in late summer 191 7, but no further production was
smaller lower wing and the star-struts were replaced undertaken. Mounting two fixed machine guns,
by slanted, parallel struts. One aircraft was tested the W17 was a transitional design between the
by the German Navy and the other, A.49, shown production CC and the production W18.

The German prototype W18 before its Marine Number,

2138, was painted on the hu ll. The German Navy preferred
floatplanes and no more W18s were supplied to Germany.
Standard late-war naval camouflage was applied.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Brandenburg W18

Above: The German Navy's sole W18; its Marine Number 2138 is chalked on the side of the fuselage.

The Brandenburg W18 flying boat fighter was a 1916 47 aircraft, serials A.50- A.96, were ordered.
further development of the Type CC, this time using These mounted two fixed Schwarzlose machine
a more conventional wing cellule. One example, guns and were powered by the 230 hp Hiero engine,
Marine #2138, was supplied to the German N avy, although some aircraft were delivered with 200 h p
but with little German interest in flying boats only Hiero engines due to shortages of the more powerful
the single W18 was delivered. engine. The W18s were used for both station defense
H owever, like the Type CC, the W18 was widely and for escorting bombing raids on Italian targets .
used by the Austro-Hungarian Navy. In December

Below: The W18 had conventional wing struts, two guns, and the standard late-war German naval camouflage.

I
68 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: The German W18 had conventional wing struts, two guns, and the standard late-war German naval camouflage.

Below: The W18 fighters supplied to the Austro-Hungarian Navy had conventional wing struts, two guns, and plain finish
w ith Austro-Hungarian markings; this is A.78.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: A.71 was one of 47 Brandenburg W.18s that served w ith the Austro-Hungarian Navy, which liked flying boats.
Fitted with two guns and powered by a 230 hp Hiero engine, the W.18 served successfully in the Adriatic until the end of
the wa r. The red/white/ red Austro-Hungarian colors can be seen under the upper right w ingtip.
Below: This view of A.78. shows the red/white/red Austro-Hungarian markings under the upper wings and the iron cross
insignia below the lower w ings. Flying surfaces were clear-doped linen and the wood fuselage was stained.

•
GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

A.60. was one of the 47 W18 fighters supplied to the

Austro- Hungarian Navy for service in the Adriatic. Power
was the 230 hp Hiero, giving it a good performance for a
flying boat.

Left: An Austro-Hungarian
naval fighter pilot readies
for his next m iss ion in W18
A.SO.

Below: W18 A.91 is

somewhat the worse for
wear after being captured
by the Italians.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 71

Two-Seat Biplane Fighters

Above: The combat effectiveness of the new Brandenburg W12 two-seat fighter immediately rendered all other floatplane
fighters obsolete. All subsequent production floatplane fighters were developed from the W12. Here a pair ofW12
fighters escort a U-Boat into harbor on the Flanders coast.

he German Navy's need for a seaplane station the largest German manufacturer of floatplanes,
T defense fighter led in 1916 to development
of a number of single-seat seaplane fighters. As
submitted the Friedrichshafen FF63. Sablatnig, a
minor m anufacturer, submitted the SF3 and SF7
the air war intensified, the German Navy needed designs. The Naval Shipyard at Wilhelmshafen,
aircraft that could carry out longer-range, m ore which was not actually a manufacturer but built a
offensive operations, especially fighter sweeps over small number of prototype seaplanes, none produced
the North Sea to counter the large British Curtiss in quantity, submitted the K.W. (Wilhelmshafen)
and Felixstowe flying boats that were conducting No.945 . Finally Brandenburg, dependent on sales to
anti-submarine operations against German U-boats. the German Navy because the Army refused their
Two-seat fighters were preferred for greater designs after a series of structural failures during
combat effectivenessi a key additional benefit was testing early in the war, submitted their W12.
the observer/gunner could assist the pilot with The design chosen for production was the
over-water navigation, a serious challenge when excellent Brandenburg W12 biplane. Introduced into
electronic navigation aids were not yet available. In service in the fall of 1917, the W12 immediately
Addition, the observer had a flexible gun for greater proved far more effective than its single-seat
combat effectiveness, and some aircraft carried predecessors. The highly successful W12 was further
wireless operated by the observer, a great advantage developed to improve its opera tional effectiveness.
over water that single-seaters could n ot use. One direction this development took was increased
Prototypes to fulfill the Navy's requirement range and endurance that were provided by a larger,
were produced by four manufacturers, Albatros, more powerful aircraft of similar configuration, the
Brandenburg, Friedrichshafen, and Sablatnig. Brandenburg W19. The other direction was greater
Albatros, the largest German aircraft m anufacturer, speed, which resulted in m onoplane developments
submitted the Albatros W8. Friedrichsh afen, discussed in the next chapter.
72 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Two-Seat Biplane Floatplane Fighter Production

Aircraft Quantity Marine Numbers
Albatros W8 3 5001- 5003

Brandenburg W12 146 1011- 1016,1178- 1187,1395- 1414,2000- 2019,2023- 2052,2093- 2132,
2217- 2236

Brandenburg W19 115 1469- 1471,2207- 2216,2237- 2257,2259- 2278,2544- 2563

Brandenburg W27 3 2201- 2203

Brandenburg W32 3 2282- 2284

Friedrichshafen FF48 3 1472- 1474

Sablatnig SF3 1 619

Sablatnig SF7 3 1475- 1477

K.W. No.945 1 945

Specifications for Two-Seat Biplane Floatplane Fighters

Type Albatros WS Brandenburg Brandenburg Friedrichshafen Sablatnig
W12 W19 FF48 SF7
Engine 195 hp Benz 150 hp Benz 240 hp or 260 240 hp Maybach 240hp
Bz.IIIb Bz.III or 160 hp hp Maybach Mb.IVa Maybach
Mercedes D .III Mb.IVa Mb.IVa

Span, Upper 11.46 m 11.20 m 13.80 m 16.25 m -

Length 9.59m 9.6m 10.65 m 11.2 m -

Empty Weight - 997 kg. 1,435 kg. 1,591 kg -

Loaded Weight - 1A54 kg. 2,005 kg. 2,216 kg 2)20 kg

Maximum Speed 150 km/h 160 km/ h 151 km/ h 153 km/ h 162 kmfh

Climb to 1,000m 6.5 min. ?min. 6.4 min. 6.4 min. 8 min.

Climb to 2,000m - 18.9 min. 18.9 min. - -

Climb to 3,000m 34 min. - 23 min. - 36 min.

Flight Duration 3.5 hours 3.5 hours 5 hours 5.75 hours -

Armament 1- 2 fixed guns 1 flexible gun + 1 2 fixed guns + 1 1 flexible gun + 1 1 flexible
+ 1 flexible gun or 2 fixed machine flexible gun or fixed gun gun + 1
guns 20mm cannon fixed gun
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 73

Brandenburg W12

Above: Marine #1407, a Brandenburg W12 of the second production batch, illustrates the distinctive features of this
breakthrough design, includ ing the upswept tail without vertical fin that gave the gunner an excellent field of fire. The
extensive keel surface provided by the deep rear fuselage eliminated the need for a fin. To reduce drag the rad iator has
been moved to the nose. Both doors on the pilot's cockpit are open to allow easier access.

T he Brandenburg Wl2 two-seat floatplane fighter gave the observer excellent visibility and field of
was a breakthrough design. Despite being a two- fire . In addition, the observer and his gun ring were
seater using the sam e engines powering the smaller mounted high enough that he could fire forward over
single-seaters it replaced, it had similar speed and the upper wing, giving him an unexcelled field of fire
greater range coupled with better maneuverability and further enhancing combat effectiveness .
and flying characteristics! Despite its general excellence, the basic design
Its two-seat configuration also provided greatly was subject to a great deal of fine tuning to improve
improved air-to-air combat effectiveness from its stability, maneuverability, and sea handling. In
combination of fixed and flexible armament, and fact, n one of the Brandenburg two-seat fighters
the second crewman was able to assist the pilot were ever able to handle sea states as rough as the
with over-water navigation, a particular operational robust Friedrichshafen reconnaissance floatplanes,
challenge in the days before electronic navigation and there were continual problems with float
aids. Furthermore, some Wl2s carried wireless maintenance. Fuselage length was extended in
senders and receivers for the observer, som ething later aircraft to improve longitudinal stability, and
n one of the single-seat fighters could do that was late production aircraft had ailerons on all four
a tactical advantage. The Wl2 m ade all preceding wings for improved maneuverability. The center
single-seat seaplane fighters obsolete at a stroke. section was also redesigned during production to
The key secret of its success was its innovative improve the pilot's field of view and ease of egress
structural design that used its sturdy float bracing in emergencies. Some 30 later aircraft were fitted
to also support the wings, eliminating the need for with two fixed guns for the pilot, and some aircraft
separate, drag-producing bracing wires, a key to its with only a single gun for the pilot were fitted with
good speed. Furthermore, its innovative tail design wireless.
74 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Brandenburg W12 Production Orders

Order Date Marine Qty Class Engine Notes
Numbers
15 Oct. 1916 1014-1016 3 C2MG Mercedes D .III 1014 was prototype short fuselage
1

22 Nov. 19 16 1011- 1013 3 C2MG Mercedes D .III Short fu selage

5 Jan. 1917 1178- 1187 10 C2MG Benz Bz.III 1185 had longer fuselage

13 Mar. 1917 1395- 1414 20 C2MG Benz Bz.III Short fuselages; 1413 had four ailerons

10 Sep. 1917 2000- 2019 20 C2MG Benz Bz.III Long fus elages start with this series.
Larger wing cut-out.

Oct. 1917 2023- 2052 30 C3MG Benz Bz.III Two fixed machine guns. 2027
destroyed during acceptance testing.

Oct. 1917 2093- 2112 20 C2MG Mercedes D .III -

Oct. 1917 2113- 2132 20 C3MG Mercedes D .III Two fixed machine guns

Nov. 1917 2217- 2236 20 C2MGHFT Mercedes D .lila Wireless equipment fitted

Note: Of 146 W12 aircraft built. 116 aircraft had one fixed gun; 30 aircraft had two fixed guns.

Below: W12 Marine #1 012, the second pre-production aircraft. is seen here in operational markings at Zeebrugge. As
tabulated above, the pre-production aircraft were category C2MG and were powered by the 160 hp Mercedes D. Ill
engine. This colorful aircraft is depicted in the cover painting and also in the pa inting w ith the U-Boat.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 75

Above: W12s at their base at Zeebrugge. Oblt.z.S. Christiansen's #1 183 is in the center.

1183
Brandenburg W12 #1 183 was the
personal aircraft of Oblt.z.S. Friedrich
Christiansen. Christiansen took
command of the Naval Air Station at
Zeebrugge in September 1917; his
personal insignia was the init ial of his
last name in a diamond on a white
stripe as shown. Otherwise the aircraft
was finished according to the naval
directive of April1917.

1184 m
Brandenburg W12 #1 184 is shown in
standard late-war nava l camou fl age.
The red/white checkerboard was a
personal marking. This aircraft served
at the Zeebrugge Naval Air Station.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: Marine #1 409 is fi rst in this lineup of W12 fighters at Zeebrugge Naval Air Station on the Flanders coast.
Below: Brandenburg W12 #1409 was accepted in the last half of November 1917 and written off on May 6, 1918. The
crew's personal insignia is on the side of the observer's cockpit. Unfortunately, their names are not known.

1409
GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 77

Brandenburg W12 #1409 was

finished in the standard late-war
naval camouflage with a personal
insignia as shown above.

1414 +
Brandenburg W12 Marine #1414
was the personal aircraft of Lt. Becht.
Zeebrugge nava l air station, December
1917. This short-fuselage aircraft is
in standard camouflage with Becht's
personal insignia of the white stripes
with checkerboard.

Brandenburg W12 Marine #2002 is

from the first series with the longer
fuselage that improved stability.
It is in standard camoufl age with
Bremen's coat of arms (white key
on red) as a personal insignia. This
aircraft has ailerons on all w ings.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: W12 Marine #141 0, accepted during the second

Above: W12 Marine #1407 of the second production batch ha lf of November 1917, wears an interesting personal
in an embarrassing position. Its original insignia have been insignia. It was photographed with several crew members
over-painted in the new insignia standardized on March 30, on February 6, 1918. It was w ritten off on April 23, 1918.
1918. The single white stripe on the rear fuselage indicates
assignment to a specific naval air station, possibly Borkum.

Brandenbu rg W12 #1407 has had its

original insignia over-painted to conform
with the new insignia standardized
on March 30, 1918. The single white
stripe on the rear fuselage indicates
assignment to a specific naval air station,
possibly Borkum.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 79

Above: W12 #2004, a category C2MG, has the longer fuselage plus a nose radiator for its Benz Bz.lll.lt is. The men in the
group photo are the pilots of Seeflugstation Flanders I, abbreviated See I, in late 1917.
Below: The four-leaf clover on the fuselage worked; this crew is happy to survive a forced landing on a grassy field. The
W12 was a sturdy warplane and this aircraft turned out to be almost undamaged from its experience.
So GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: Marine #2052, a Brandenburg W12 of the fourth production batch, has a nose radiator and ailerons on all wings,
with upper and lower ailerons connected by an actuating strut. It also mounted two fixed machine guns for the pilot in
addition to the observer's flexible gun, making it a category C3MG. The outer portion of the propeller lead ing edge was
covered with metal to reduce erosion from water spray.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 81

Above: Brandenburg W12 #2108 was a category C2MG. Some German army air service observers were given short
courses in over-water navigation, accounting for their presence in the photograph.

Above: W12 #2128, a C3MG, in difficulty. Above: Brandenburg W12 Marine #2094 has come to grief
between the Helgoland launching ramps. Staffel number 3
is j ust behind the interim national insignia.

Facing Page: Oblt.z.S. Friedrich Christainsen downed British airship C27; that victory lead to his award of the Pour /e
Merite. He is shown here with his gunner, Vzfw. Wladika, in W12 #1 183, the aircraft he used to destroy C27. W12 #1183 was
accepted in September 1917 and served until destroyed in a bombing raid on the Zeebrugge Mole on May 10, 1918.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F I G HTERS O F WWI

Brandenburg W19

Above: This unmarked W19 was certainly the first prototype. A key indication this was the first prototype W19 is the lack
of ailerons on the lower wing; all other W19s had ailerons on both upper and lower wings for improved maneuverability.
The horn exhaust extends horizontally from the engine cowling.

N early identical to the W1 2 in configuration, the production W12 aircraft, all W19 aircraft except the
W19 was considerably enlarged to en able it to carry first prototype had ailerons on all four wingtips for
the grea ter fuel load needed for the longer range and enhanced maneuverability. With the exception of
endurance desired. Other than its larger size, the the first three W19 prototypes, which had a single
main visible difference was the W19 had two-bay fixed machine-gun for the pilot, all subsequent W19
interplane struts to support its larger wings instead production aircraft had two fixed machine guns .
of the single-bay struts of the smaller W1 2. Like late One early W19, Marine #2237 ordered in

Brandenburg W19 Production

Series Marine Numbers Qty Category Armament &. Notes

Prototypes 1469- 1471 3 C2MG 1 fixed, 1 flexible MG

Series 1 2207- 2216 10 C3MG 2 fixed, 1 flexible MG

Series 2 223 7 1 CK 2 fixed MG, 1 flexible 20mm cannon

2238- 2257 20 C3MG 2 fixed, 1 flexible MG

Series 3 2259- 2275 17 C2MGHTF 1 fixed, 1 flexible MG, wireless xmtr/ rcvr
2276- 2278 3 CK 2 fixed MG, 1 flexible 20mm cannon
2537 1 C3MG 2 fixed, 1 flexible MG

Series 4 2544-2563 20 CK 2 fixed MG, 1 flexible 20mm cannon

Series 5 2683- 2722 40 C3MG 2 fixed, 1 flexible MG

 GERMAN SEAPLANE FIGHTERS OF WWI

Above: Marine Number 1470 was the second prototype W19. The aircraft is painted and marked and the engine cowling
appears to be designed for individual exhaust pipes. The fl oat bracing appears very sturdy. Only the over-wing radiator
spoils its clean lines.

December 1917, had a flexible Becker 20mm Marine Numbers 2544- 2563, armed with the Becker
cannon instead of a Para bellum for the observer. cannon. All20 W19s of this series were found at
This seaplane apparently had an enlarged rudder Warnemiinde in December 1918 by the Allied Naval
and elevator, perhaps for greater stability with the Armistice Commission, most still in their packing
cannon in the slipstream, although furth er details crates.
are lacking. After testing in April1 918, during which Most W19 aircraft were powered by the 240 hp
fifty rounds were rapid-fired with no installation Maybach Mb.IVa, making the W19 much more
problems, the only change requested was enlarging powerful than the W12. This significant power
the observer's gun ring from 900mm to lOOOmm increase compensated for its greater size and weight,
diameter. After approval by front-line personnel, making the W19 nearly as fast as the W12 while
#2237 was send to the front for evaluation, where carrying more fuel, armament, and equipment. In
it was written off on 20 June. Apparently the April1918 the first W19 arrived at Z eebrugge to
evaluation was successful because in early June the supplement the W12 in the North Sea.
Navy ordered the fourth W19 production series,

W19 Production Notes:

1. Marine Number 1469 was destroyed on its first flight in August 191 7.
2. The engine for #1469 is not confirmed; #1470 & #1471 had the 240 hp Maybach Mb.IVa.
3. The engine for production series 1, 2, and 3 was usually the 240 hp Maybach Mb.IVa; some aircraft h ad
the 260 hp Maybach Mb.IVa .
4. Marine Numbers 2208- 2216 and 2237- 2239 were accepted the second half of April/first half of May 1918.
5. Marine Number 2237, accepted in April19 18, was class CK; this was a test installation of the 20mm
Becker in the W19.
6. Marine Number 2267, accepted in the second half of June 19 18, h ad a 260 hp Maybach Mb.IVa.
7. The engine for production series 4 was the 260 hp Maybach Mb.IVa.
8. Completion of production series 5 is not confirmed, but #2687 and #2688 were handed over to Italy on
15 September 1920, so some aircraft of this series were produced.
9. A t otal of 115 W19s were ordered but it is not known if all of production series 5 were delivered.
Production of at least 77 W19s is confirmed.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: This side view of Marine Number 1470, the second prototype W19, emphasizes its clea n lines for a biplane. An
actuating strut connects the ailerons on upper and lower wings.

The W19 and the Maybach Mb.IVa

All W19s used the Maybach Mb.IVa. W19s through powerful engine was installed during production
the first three production batches were generally or retrofitted after delivery. The fourth production
scheduled to receive the 240 hp Maybach Mb.IVa series was scheduled to have the 260 hp Maybach
engine, but when struck off charge some individual Mb.IVa . On 12 August 1918 this series was allotted
airplanes had the high-compression 260 hp between Kofl F (N orth Sea) and Kofl Marinekorps
Maybach Mb.IVa engine. It is not known if the more (Flanders).

Above: This front view shows the very clean lines of the W19 despite its two-bay wing bracing. The shape of the exhaust
manifold is the same as in the photo of the unmarked W19. This could be that sa me aircraft after modification; unlike that
aircraft it has ailerons on both upper and lower wings. Alternatively, it m ight be the third prototype. The lack of a second
fixed gun for the pilot on the port side is a key indication this aircraft is one of the first three prototypes.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: The clean appearance and small spinner are shown in this view of Marine Number 2207, the first production
--
aircraft. Compared to earlier airframes the exhaust manifold has been lengthened and angled nearly vertically to exhaust
the gases over the wing, away from the crew.

Confusingly, both the Maybach 2AO hp and 2.60 hp and 180mm stroke, providing 2.3.lliters capacity
engines shared the designation Mb.IVa. The engine and developed their rated power at 1,400 RPM. From
rated at 2.40 hp had cast iron pistons, produced these similarities it is apparent they were essentially
a maximum of 2.45 hp, and weigh ed 400 kg. The the same engine with different pistons, power
engine rated at 2.60 hp had aluminum pistons, ratings, and compression ratios, but with little or
produced a maximum of 300 hp, and weighed 390 nothing to distinguish between them externally.
kg. Both engines had six cylinders of 165mm bore

Above: This view of Marine Number 2207 emphasizes its streamlined fu selage and the robust float bracing. The fairing
over the pilot's left gun shows dedication to streamlining and protecting the gun mecha nism from the airflow and
especially salt-water spray. The three-color naval lozenge fabric covering the upper surfaces of the wings and fu selage are
just visible; this ca mouflage fabric was also used on the top of the tailplane.
86 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

2207

Above: This side view of Marine Number 2207 emphasizes the gunner's clear field of fire. The actuating strut between the
ailerons on upper and lower w ings has now been streamlined to reduce drag.

Above: Front view, probably of Marine Number 2207, showing its over-wing radiator and twin forward-firing machine
guns. The nearly vertical exhaust manifold is different that that of the aircraft in the other front view.

BENZ
Automobile und Flugmotoren
Benz & Cie. :::'"~:~.=.::~·,-:.:::~ A.· G., M annheim Left: WWI advertisement for the Benz company, one of the
largest German aero engine manufactu rers.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Right: W19 Marine Number

2237 photographed at
Warnemunde on 25 April
1918 du ring ground
firing of the 20mm Becker
cannon. The gunner
appears somewhat
cramped, which led to
the recommendation
to enlarge the gun ring
diameter from 900mm to
1000mm.

Below: Another view of the

20mm Becker mounted in
W19 Marine Number 2237
on 25 April 1918 showing
details of the gun ring.
88 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: A modifi ed 20mm Becker cannon mounted in W19 Marine Number 2237 on 25 April l918. The cannon now has a
shoulder stock and a bag to catch empty shells.
Facing Page: This view of the 20mm Becker cannon mounted in W19 Marine Number 2237 shows the gun elevation
ava ilable to the observer. The hexagonal naval camoufl age is clearly visible.
Below: A W19 from Norderney, showing its white chevron unit marking on t he rear fuselage, takes off on another mission.
GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Brandenburg W27

Above: Marine #2202 was the second Brandenburg W27 prototype. The W27 was a development of the W12 with
streamlined struts and a 195 hp Benz Bz.lllb V-8 engine. One drawback of the struts was that they blocked some of the
crews' field of view. The engine never reached full production and the W27 was limited to only three prototypes.

The W27 differed from the W12 primarily by its the pilot and one flexible Para bellum machine gun
use of 1-type interplane struts and a 195 hp Benz for the observer. Three aircraft, Marine Numbers
Bz.Illb V-8 engine. These were class C3MG, so 2201- 2203, were built, but the engine was not in full
armament was two fixed Spandau machine guns for production and the aircraft were used as trainers .

DAIMLEA·
I'TUTTGAAT•
Auaatellun1•· und Verkautarlu•• r. ••rll• NW 8,
M'uudeahald, Uater de ft U •H" SO•St

Above: WWI advertisement for Mercedes engines for

automobiles and airplanes. Mercedes was the trade name
of the products produced by the Daimler company, the
Above: The logo of the German Wolff propeller company largest producer of German aero engines in WWI, followed
on a Wolff propeller. closely by Benz.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 91

Brandenburg W32

Above & Below: Marine #2282 was the first Brandenburg W32 prototype. The W32 was a development of the W27 with a
175 hp Mercedes D.llla engine. The aircraft was no improvement over the W12 and was limited to three prototypes.

Yet another W12 derivative was the W32, which two were class C2MG HFT. Dimensions were the
appears to have been a W27 fitted with a 175 hp sam e as the W27 and the W32s were accepted about
Mercedes D.Illa engine . Again three aircraft were the end of June 1918. By this time the faster W29
apparently built; Marine Numbers 2282- 2284. The and W33 monoplanes were in production and an
first aircraft, #2282, was class C3MG; the other improved W12 was unnecessary.
92 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Albatros W8

Above: The first prototype Albatros W8 was a handsome, well-streamlined two-seat fighter powered by a V-8 that was
not yet in mass production. However, the flat radiator under the wing somewhat spoiled the overall streamlining.

The Albatros company, largest aircraft manufacturer

in WWI Germany, offered the Albatros W8 for the
Navy's two-seat fighter. Although similar in concept
to the Brandenburg Wl2, its tail design obstructed
more of the gunner's field of fire and it used an
experimental engine that reached production too late
to power aircraft at the front; only three were built.

Above & Left: Two views of Marine #5002, the second

Albatros W8 prototype, shows that the elegant spinner of
the prototype was abandoned. Otherwise #5502 appears
to incorporate no other visible changes.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 93

Friedrichshafen FF48

Above: The Friedrichshafen FF48 was a larger aircraft in the class of the W19 and like the W19 was powered by the 240 hp
Maybach Mb.IVa.

Friedrichshafen, who produced more seaplanes maneuverability, and only three were built,
than any other German company during the war, indicating it had no significant advantages over the
built their FF48 to the same requirement as the Wl9. Certainly it required more wire bracing than
Wl9 . The FF48 had good speed and climb for such a the Wl9 and did not h ave the look of a fighter.
large floatplane but may have lacked the necessary

Stadtwagen - Tourenwagen
LeiGhte Hutzwagen
Krankon·Automoblle - Schneii·Omnlbussa

Luftfahrzeug - Motoren
Elgene Karosserle·Fabrik

Above: WWI advert isement for Mercedes engines for

automobiles and airplanes.

Right: The logo of the German Integral propeller company.

94 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Sablatnig SF3

Above & Below: The Sablat nig SF3 was compact for a two-seat fighter. However, t he SF3 feat ured a profusion of struts
and bracing wires that certainly created more d rag t han the cleverly-designed W12 and only o nee prototype was built.

Sablatnig, a small firm that specialized in seaplanes, fuselage was more than compensated for by its
produced two two-seat floatplane fighter designs. multitude of struts and bracing wires, and it
First was the SF3, a sturdy-looking aircraft powered remained a single prototype.
by a 220 hp Benz Bz.IV. The drag of the streamlined

-.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 95

Sablatnig SF7

Above: The SF7 was a massive aircraft, looking more like a typical reconnaissance floatplane than a two-seat fighter. It
probably lacked maneuverabil ity competit ive with that of the W19. Marine #1475 was the first of three prototypes.

The SF7, powered by a 240 hp Maybach Mb.IVa, fighter. It had good speed but despite that only three,
was the second Sablatnig design for a two-seat naval Marine Numbers 1475- 1477, were built.

Below: The Sablatnig SF7 was in the W19 class and was powered by the same engine. Although somewhat faster than
t he W19, only three were produced. The 1-struts appear to interfere with the crews' field of view.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

K.W. (Wilhelmshafen} No.945

Above: The sole prototype of the K.W. (Wilhemlshafen) No.945 built was clearly inspired by the Brandenburg W12, but
lacked the qualities to gain a production order.

The Naval Shipyard at Wilhelmshafen built a small inspired by the Brandenburg Wl2. It was powered
number of prototype seaplanes, none of which were by a 150 hp Benz Bz.III engine, a powerplant used by
produced in quantity. One prototype built there was many Brandenburg Wl2s. Other than its engine, few
the K.W. No.945, a two-seat naval fighter clearly details survive.

Above: The logo of the Germania propeller company on a Above: A WWI advertisement from the Benz company, one
Germania propeller. of the largest manufacturers of German aero engines.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 97

Two-Seat Monoplane Fighters

Above: A pair of Brandenburg W29s sink a sloop carrying contraband to Holland.

o extend its range and endurance, qualities by enlarged developments, the W33, W34, and W37,
T especially valuable over the North Sea, the
highly successful Brandenburg W12 biplane design
to combine its greater speed with the longer range
and endurance of the Brandenburg W19.
was enlarged to carry more fuel, resulting in the The Brandenburg W29 went into operational
W19. service in April/ May 1918 and had an immediate
Similarly, more speed was desired. Although impact on the fighting over the North Sea. T he
the Wl2 was fast enough intercept the formidable larger W33 monoplane, built in small numbers,
Felixstowe flying boats, the closing speed was not followed it into combat in late summer, and furth er
as great as wanted. This sometimes resulted in long enlarged developments were being pursued when
tail chases, and there was a concern that Wl2s might the armistice terminated furth er work. Three W34
have to abandon pursuit due to low fuel state. prototypes were actually completed and three W37
T he basic W12 biplane configuration was prototypes wre being built, but construction was
developed into a monoplane for reduced drag and abandoned in December 1918. The W29, W33, and
greater speed in the form of the Brandenburg W29. W37 saw extensive and successful post-war service
Finally, the W29 monoplane was itself was followed in Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Two-Seat Monoplane Naval Fighters

Aircraft Qty Marine Numbers
Brandenburg W29 209 2204- 2206,2287- 2300,2501 - 2506,2507- 2536,2564-2583,
2584- 2589, 2593- 2682, 2730- 2759, 2760- 2789 (last 30 ordered
not delivered)

Brandenburg W33 7 2538- 2540,2543,2683- 2684,2726

Brandenburg W34 3 2727- 2729

Brandenburg W3 7 0 2723- 2725 ordered but canceled Dec. 1918 and not completed

Friedrichshafen FF63 1 7

Junkers CLS.I 3 7501- 7503

Zeppelin-Lindau (Dornier) Cs.I 3 8501- 8503 (only 8502 flown)

Above: W29 Marine #2532 from Norderney (indicated by the two identification stripes on the aft fuselage) on patrol over
the North Sea. Like #2532, most W29s were category C3MG and had two fixed machine guns for the pilot. If a w ireless
transmitter and receiver were installed, the pilot had only one fixed gun to avoid over-loading the aircraft and reducing
its performance. The Branden burgs were at their most vulnerable when taking off and landing, and since they were based
near the front there was always t he possibility that they would be attacked by land-based fighters of the Royal Naval
Air Service or, after the RNAS and RFC were combined on April 1, 1918, the former RNAS units now part of the RAF. That
was why the naval aircrews adopted the tactic of taking off and landing in formation, and maintaining a stepped vee
formation in fl ight with clear fields of fire for all the gunners. Without the hand icap of floats the British fighters, mostly
Sopwith Camels, had the advantages of speed, cl imb, and maneuverability, so formation fl ying for mutual defense was a
priority for the crews.
 Specifications for Two-Seat Monoplane Naval Fighters
Type W29 W33 W34 W37 Junkers CLS.I Dornier Cs.I
Engine 185 hp Benz Bz.IIIa 2.45 hp Maybach 300 hp BuS.IVa 220 hp Benz Bz.rv 200 hp Benz Bz.IV 195 hp Benz Bz.IIIb
Mb.rva
Span 13.5 m 15.85 m 16.60 m 17.70 m 12.75 m 13.18m
Length 9.36 m 11.10m 11.10 m 12.39 m 8.95 m -
Wing Area 32.2 sq.m. 44.0 sq.m. 49.0 sq.m. 55.0 sq.m. - -
Empty Weight 1,000 kg 1A20 kg 1,534 kg 1,500 kg 914 kg 960 kg
Loaded Weight 1A94 kg 2,050 kg 2,270 kg 2,177 kg lA20 kg 1A79 kg
Maximum Speed 168 km/h 173 km/h 175 km/h 155 km/h 180 km/h 150 km/h
Climb to 1,000m 6 min. 5.4 min. - - - - 0t't1
Climb to 2,000m 13 min. 12.8 min. - - - - ~
Climb to 3,000m 23 min. 22.3 min. - - - - ~
(/')
Service Ceiling 5,000m (16AOO ft.) - - - - - t't1
~
'<:!
Flight Duration 4 hours - - - - - t-'

Armament 1 flexible gun + 1- 2 fixed guns 1- 2 fixed 1- 2 fixed machine 2 fixed machine 1 fixed machine ~
t't1
1 fixed machine + 1 flexible machine guns + 1 guns + 1 flexible guns + 1 flexible gun + 1 flexible "Tj
.....
gun (40 J or 2 fixed machine gun or flexible machine Wmm Becker machine gun machine gun 0
machine guns (38) 1 Wmm Becker gun cannon ~
t't1
cannon ;d
(/'l

0
"r1
!),) ..... )> '0 -I )> OJ(')()tl> )>
ro::r ..-

~
O:::l'" tr ::::J::;O::::l tr
"' ID 0""
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..... < < - ·
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"' c...IO IC::::J~::::J"'
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C...Q11V c...'<
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tl> -· · ~ !),) 1D ;:;: ::::J IV
V\-~
- · V\ ::::J
('\ c...
('\ -
::::J
V\
<.6 ~ ::r ('\ 10
0

10 !),) 0 0 0 1D IDC...QO'*I=
::::J ::::J V\ ""' OJ IV
c ::::J "' .-+;::><;o-...,.IV
C...ID
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.. () o~:=;:-~o
::::J - ~ - · ,1::.
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V\('\'0
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(.I)tl>· ,., c- - ·
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-
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-:-<
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ID ( \I
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;
100 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Brandenburg W29

.,
Above: A Brandenburg W29 with two identifi cat ion bands painted on its rear fu selage flies over a base, mostly likely
Nordeney. The two bands signify Norderney as the naval air station to which the aircraft was assigned.

T he W29 monoplane was based on the fuselage,

engine, and floats of the W12 biplane. T he sturdy
struts bracing the floats did double duty bracing
the wing, which had about the same area as both
wings of the W12. The greatly reduced drag of the
monoplane wing resulted in a notable speed increase
with the same engin es and payload. The increased
speed of the W29 was welcomed because it made
interception of the large Felixstowe flying boats
easier, and the new monoplane set the standard for
all future German wartime designs in its class.
W29 production aircraft were powered by the 150
hp Benz Bz.III, 185 hp Benz Bz.Illa, 175 hp Mercedes
D.Illa, or 185 hp BMW.Illa, and had one or two fixed
machine guns for the pilot (depending on the series)
and one flexible gun for the observer. Elimination Above: Ground crew ready a basket of carrier pigeons for
of the upper wing not only made the monoplanes loading into a W29; the pigeons could be vital if the aircraft
faster, but stability was improved, as was the was forced down and the crew needed to be rescued.
observer's field of fire and pilot's field of view. Facing Page: W29 Marine #2287 was the type aircraft for
By naval standards the W29 was built in large the C2MGH FT version, which carried a w ireless transmitter
numbers; 14 orders were submitted for a total of and receiver in add it ion to the forward-firing gun and
239 aircraft, and 209 were built; the last batch of 30 flexible gun; it is shown here at Warnemunde. Flight
ordered on 10 September 1918 was not completed performance was similar to the C3MG version. Marine
due to the armistice. #2287 was sent to the front the first half of July 1918.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 101

Brandenburg W29 Production Orders

Order Date Marine Nos. Qty Category Engine Notes
17Jan. 1918 2204 1 C3MG 150 hp Benz Bz.III Type aircraft

17 Jan. 1918 2205 1 C2MG 185 hp BMW.IIIa

17 Jan. 1918 2206 1 C3MG 160 hp Mercedes

D.III

13 Apr. 1918 2287- 2300 14 C2MGHFT 150 hp Benz Bz.III 228 7 was type aircraft

13 Apr. 1918 2501- 2506 6 C2MGHFT 150 hp Benz Bz.III

13 Apr. 1918 2507- 2536 30 C3MG 150 hp Benz Bz.III 2715 destroyed before accept.

25 May 1918 2564-2583 20 C2MGHFT 150 hp Benz Bz.III

30 May 1918 2584-2587 4 C3MG 185 hp Benz Bz.illa

30 May 1918 2588- 2589 2 C2MGHFT 185 hp Benz Bz.illa

9 July 1918 2593- 2642 50 C3MG 150 hp Benz Bz.III 2625 was C2MGHFT

9 July 1918 2643- 2652 10 C3MG 185 hp BMW.IIIa

9 July 1918 2653- 2682 30 C3MG 185 hp Benz Bz.illa

10 Sep. 1918 2730- 2759 30 C3MG 185 hp Benz Bz.illa

10 Sep. 1918 2670- 2789 30 C3MG 175 hp Mercedes None completed due to
D.IIIa armistice
102 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above & Below: The W29 prototype before its Marine Number of 2204 was added. The ru dder was cut away at the top for
clearance for elevator movement and there are no horn balances on the ailerons.

Below: The W29 prototype before its Marine Number was added. This front view shows its clear lines for a floatplane.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 103

.
-
-
Above, Below, & Bottom: The W29 prototype after its Marine Number was added. The rudder has been enlarged and
horn ba lances have been added to the ailerons as a result of flight testing.

+ 2204
104 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above, Below, & Bottom : W29 Marine #2292 was from t he first production batch. The first production batch were
category C2MGHFT and the mount for the wind-driven dynamo is seen on the side of the observer's cockpit.

-
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 105

Above: Based so close to the front lines, the Brandenburgs normally took off and landed in formation to provide mutual
protection against attack by British fighters. Here Oblt.z.S. Christensen takes off in his Marine #2512 in the background.

I I I I I I• ·

-- •
2512 -
This W29 was the personal aircraft of
Oblt.z.S. Friedrich Christiansen. The
black letter 'C' for'Christiansen' in a black
diamond painted over a white stripe
on the rear fuselage was Christiansen's
personal insignia. The aircraft wea rs
standard late-war naval camouflage.

,JaLJl..lJ.
- t
W29 #2516 was fl own by Lt. A.R. Hasse
and Kpt.Lt.d.R. Bertram from the naval
air station at Borkum. It is finished in the
standard late-war navy camouflage with
reduced size crosses on the fuselage and
rudder. The shield is a personal insignia,
colors not confirm ed.
106 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: W29, possibly Marine #2655, was fitted with a 245 Above: Mechanics work on the fixed pilot's guns on this
hp Maybach Mb.IVa. The aircraft was easier to fly but not as W29.
maneuverable. A tachometer was in front of the pilot.

Above & Below: W29 Marine Number 2670 under evaluation in the UK post-war. British roundels have been applied over
the German insignia on the wings.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 107

Above, Below, & Bottom: W29 Marine Number 2670 under evaluation in the UK post-war. The front view above shows
the strikingly clean lines of the W29 that gave the type its additional speed compared to the W12.

--
108 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above & Top: Two views of the first Austro-Hungarian W29.

Built by UFAG, it was designated the W29(U) and assigned
the Austro - Hungarian naval serial C1. The pointed radiator
was typical for aircraft fitted w ith a 185 hp Austro- Daimler
engine. Fairings on the side of the fuselage enclose the
pilot's guns. First flight was on 25 Oct. 1918, too late to see
combat.

Right: A fl ight of Danish license-built W29s, called H.M.Is,

over Copenhagen in May 1915. The W29 had a long and
successful post-war career in Denmark and Norway.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE FIGHTERS OF WWI 109

111111•·

W29 #2530 ANNIE with standard late-

war naval camouflage and a personal
insignia on t he fuselage side.

IIIII I•·

Brandenburg W29 Marine #2532

displays the standard naval
camouflage with the two white
fuselage stripes indicating assignment
to Norderney.

- [I

Cl was the first Austro- Hungarian

W29(U). Only the rudder, in the
national colors with crown, added
color to the camouflage.
110 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Brandenburg W33, W34, & W37

Above: The W33 was an enlarged development of the W29 powered by the 260 hp Mercedes D.IVa or similar engines and
designed for greater range and endurance. Photographed at WarnemUnde on 30 August 1918, these views ofW33 Marine
#2538 shows the very clean lines of the W33 despite its size. It was finished in the standard late-war naval camouflage.

Just as the W19 was a larger, more powerful numbers and may have been an interim step to
development of the W12 biplane for greater range the enlarged W34. Three W34 floatplanes in the
and endurance, the Brandenburg W33 was a larger, C3MG class were also ordered and delivered but
more powerful development of the W29 monoplane. were too late to serve operationally before the
The larger size of the W33 enabled it to carry more armistice. Drawings show the W34 had an enlarged
fuel for a longer range and greater endurance, and its gun ring capable of mounting a 20mm Becker
greater power made it as fast. The first three W33s cannon. Work on the similar but even larger W37
were powered by the 260 hp Maybach Mb.IVa, but was halted post armistice and these three aircraft
the 260 hp Mercedes D.IVa and 275- 300 hp Basse & were not completed. H owever, eleven W3 7 aircraft,
Selve BuS.IVa were also used. powered by the 260 hp Maybach Mb.IV, were built
The Brandenburg W29 went into operational in Germany post-war and shipped to Sweden for
service in April/May 1918 and had an immediate assembly as the Caspar S.l, and others were built in
impact on the fighting over the North Sea. The larger Sweden by the Heinkel company.
W33 followed in the late summer. Along with the smaller W29, the W33 enjoyed a
Although only seven W33 aircraft were long and successful postwar career in N orway and
deliveredduring the war, they were ordered in three Finland. The W33 was produced under license in
classes; the C3MG, armed with three machine guns, Finland from 1922- 1925, 120 aircraft being built.
the C2MG HFT with a fixed gun, a flexible gun, The 220 hp Benz Bz.IV was not available so 300 hp
and wireless (radio) equipment, and a CK class with Fiat A-12bis engines were purchased from France.
two fixed machine guns and a flexible Becker 20mm The first 57 aircraft built had provision for a fixed
cannon instead of a Parabellum machine gun for the Vickers gun for the pilot, but these were n ot fitted
observer. to aircraft in service. The observer had a pair of
Like the earlier W12, W19, and W29, the Lewis guns on a flexible gun ring. Known as the IVL
W33 aircraft were used primarily from North A.22 in Finnish service, the type served until 1936.
Sea air stations where they performed armed License production of the W33 was also undertaken
reconnaissance missions and opposed the British in Norway, 24 aircraft being delivered during 1920-
flying boats that were performing anti-submarine 1929 and serving until1935. Most Norwegian W33s
patrols . The W33 was ordered in very limited used the 260 hp Mercedes D.IVa engine.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI III

Above & Top: The first W33 displays is clean, robust lines and great resemblence to the smaller W33.

Brandenburg W33, W34, & W37 Production Orders

Order Date Type Marine Nos. Qty Category Engine
24 Apr. 1918 W33 2538- 2540 3 C3MG 260 hp Mercedes D.IVa

24 Apr. 1918 W33 2541 1 C2MG HFT 260 hp Maybach Mb.IVa

24 Apr. 1918 W33 2542 1 C3MG 275-300 hp BuS.IVa

24 Apr. 1918 W33 2543 1 CK 275-300 hp BuS .IVa

24 Apr. 1918 W33 2726 1 C3MG 260 hp Mercedes D.IVa

29 Aug. 19 18 W34 2727- 2729 3 C3MG 275-300 hp BuS.IVa

24 Aug. 19 18 W37 2723- 2725 3 CHFT 220 hp Benz Bz.IV

112 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Left: Finnish W33s were

sturdy enough to be
operated from ice during
w inter. These aircraft used
the 300 hp Fiat A-12bis, and
120 were built from 1922.
The type served until 1936!

Right: Norwegian W33s in

operation. Most Norwegian
W33s used the 260 hp
Mercedes D.IVa engine.
Armament was a fixed
Vickers for the pilot and
a flexible Lewis for the
observer. The original nose
radiators were replaced
w ith a pair of under-wing
Lamblin rad iators, altering
the aircraft's appearance.

Right: Norwegian W33

F-16 was fitted with a blind
flying hood for practice
instrument flying. It was
delivered to the Norwegian
Navy in May 26, 1923 and
survived for ten years.

Below & Below Right:

Norwegian W33s used
Lamblin rad iators under the
w ings instead of the nose
radiators of the original
design.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 113

Above: The W33 was known as t he IVL A.22 in Finnish service, this example survives in the Finnish aviation museum.
Below: Some Finnish W33/IVL A.22 aircraft were fi tted with skis. Armament was a pair of flexible Lewis guns.

Above: Experimental camouflage on Finnish W33/IVL A.22. Above: Ski-equipped Finnish W33/IVL A.22 in flight.
114 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Friedrichshafen FF63

-- -- -
Above: Powered by the 200 hp Benz Bz.IV, the Friedrichshafen FF63 appears to be a fair design that just does not match
the innovative structural design of the W29 and W33 that were its competitors. The additional bracing struts above the
wing and the struts above the fuselage added weight and drag that the Brandenburg monoplanes avoided. The tail gave
the gunner a good field of fire, but again the Brandenburg designs had a better field of file.

Friedrichshafen, who manufactured more seaplanes The FF63 was not as innovative in its structural
than any other German company, produced a design as the Brandenburg monoplanes and only a
competitor t o the Brandenburg monoplanes, the single FF63 was built. The radiator above the engine
FF63 . The engine was the 200 hp Benz Bz.l\0 was surely fitted to expedite early flight testing;
virtually no other technical data on the type this installation produced far too much drag for a
survives, and even its Marine Number is not known. production aircraft and also obstructed vision.

Below: Only one Friedrichshafen FF63 was built. The radiator mounted above the engine was surely to expedite flight
testing and would certainly have been replaced by an installation of lower drag had it gone into production.

-
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 11 5

Junkers CLS.I

Above: The all-metal Junkers CLS.I was a floatplane development of the CL.I two-seat fighter. The CL.I was produced for
the army and used postwar. The CLS.I was powered by a 200 hp Benz Bz.IV engine. The CLS.I had a top speed of 180 km/h,
which was somewhat faster than the W29. The corrugated metal skin was characteristic of early Junkers designs.

A more serious com petitor was the all-metal Junkers required m odifications that continued even after
with factory designation Jll, military designation the war, when the type was modified for civil use.
CLS.I, a floatplane development of the Junkers The all-metal structure resisted the maritime
CL.I two-seat fighter. A fixed fin was added to environment better than did wood structures like
compensate for the side area of the floats in front those of the Brandenburgs, but the type was too late
of the center of gravity, but insufficient stability for wartime service.

Right: Marine #7501 was

a floatplane adaption of
.. ...~ j
the all-metal Junkers CL.I
two-seat fighter. The CL.I
landplane had no fixed
fin, but one was requ ired
on the CLS.I due to the
destabilizing effect of the
floats. The CLS.I tail surfaces
underwent extensive
modifications to achieve
good flying characteristics,
but the type arrived too late
for wartime service.
116 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Zeppelin-Lindau (Dornier) Cs.I

Above: The Cs.l on a compass platform. The bracing w ires and box radiators on the fu selage side produced too much
drag for the design to fulfi ll its designed performance despite its 195 hp BenzV-8 engine.

Another serious competitor for two-seat floatplane testing undoubtedly resulted in lower speed than the
fighter production was the Zeppelin-Lindau design was potentially capable of, but were likely
(Dornier) Cs.I monoplane powered by a 195 hp Benz an expedient to speed up flight testing. The single
V-8. This aircraft was also all metal except for fabric- Cs.I flown, Marine #8502, had not completed testing
covered wing and tail surfaces. The drag-producing w hen the war ended.
box radiators mounted on the fuselage sides for

Below: Dornier Cs.l Marine Numbe 8502 was the only one of the three airframes to fly.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 117

Above: The Zeppelin-Lindau (Dornier) CS.I is seen during testing with the drag-producing side radiators and spinner
removed.
Below: The CS.I was intended to use a nose radiator as seen here. This installation produced less drag than the ear
radiators and enabled the CS.I to attain greater speed.
118 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

In Retrospect

Above: Race for Life. This striking painting by Steve Anderson depicts the action on August 11, 1918 when Brandenburg
fighters attacked six British Motor Torpedo Boats (MTBs) operating aga inst German minesweepers. Three of the MTBs
were sunk and the remaining three were damaged so badly they beached themselves in neutral Holland to avoid sinking.
Brandenburg W19 Marine #2249 shown here was one of the fighters that sank an MTB.

s the course of the maritime air war changed, so Soon the Navy recognized the need for fighters to
A did the needs and procurement policies of the
German Navy. Evolution of naval combat aircraft
defend n aval air stations against reconnaissance and
bombing. Single-seat floatplane fighter prototypes
paralleled that of army aircraft to a large extent. were built, and all three types that entered
Reconnaissance was the primary role of maritime production were modifications of Army aircraft
aviation throughout the war, just as it was for already in use. These fighters were able to engage
the army. Initially the primitive reconnaissance hostile seaplanes and two-seaters on favorable terms,
seaplanes were unarmed. Airplanes of all types but were inferior in performance to contemporary
were evolving into larger, more powerful craft landplanes due to the weight and drag of their
of longer range, greater speed, and the ability to floats . Their range and endurance were too short for
carry increased loads, including armament. As offensive operations, and over-water navigation in a
air combat evolved from an oddity to routine, the single-seat aircraft was also problematic.
reconnaissance seaplanes were armed. These realities and the desire to conduct longer-
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 119

Above: As illustrated here, longer-range W19s would frequently patrol w ith W12s and W29s, which sometimes waited on
the surface until the W19 found a target and returned to lead the fl ight to it.

range, offensive operations led the Navy to procure operations. With the appearance of the Brandenburg
two-seat floatplane fighters. In addition to their Wl2 the Germans were now able to effectively
longer range and endurance, the second crewman counter those operations .
was an invaluable help with over-water navigation, For even greater range and endurance than the
and his flexible machine gun improved combat Wl2, a larger, more powerful aircraft was needed,
effectiveness . In addition, som e of these aircraft and Brandenburg's Wl9, basically an enlarged Wl2,
carried a wireless transmitter/receiver operated by was produced in response to that need.
the observer, something not possible for a single-seat Although the Wl2 was faster than the big
aircraft. Felixstowe flying boats that were its frequent
Brandenburg's innovative Wl2 performed better antagonists, its closing speed was not as great as
than its competitors and was produced in significant desired. A fleeing Felixstowe could sometimes evade
numbers for a naval aircraft. The great operational a Wl2long enough that the Wl2 might h ave to
success of the two-seat Wl2 over the North Sea lead turn back due to low fuel state before completing
to all subsequent production Brandenburg floatplane the interception. So, for greater speed, the biplane
fighters being of similar configuration. Competing Wl2 was developed into the monoplane W29. The
manufacturers were unable to design com parable reduced drag made the W29 faster, which enabled it
aircraft until the innovative, all-metal Junkers CLS.I to intercept the Felixstowes much m ore quickly to
and Dornier Cs.l designs, which were too late for ensure they did not escape.
combat. Just as there was a need for a larger, longer-range
The North Sea was not only a seaward development of the Wl2, the same was true of the
continuation of the trench lines on the Western W29, and the W33 combined the W29 monoplane's
Front, German subm arines also had to transit configuration with the larger size, greater fuel
through it to their patrol areas, attracting British capacity, and increased range and endurance of the
airships and flying boats on anti-submarine Wl9. The W29 and W33 were difficult to distinguish
120 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

during combat, and there were few of them, resulting

in the first type to arrive at the front, the W29,
getting all the recognition.
The W33 was to have been followed by the further
enlarged W34, but the W34 did not enter service
before the armistice. Postwar the similar W3 7 design
was built in Germany and assembled in Sweden as
the Caspar S. l. Of 305 Brandenburg monoplanes
ordered, 209 were delivered during the war.
T he W29 and W33 monoplane floatplane fighters
were robust, maneuverable, and fast for their time,
and served successfully for many years after the war
in demanding Nordic environments, being built
under license by Denmark, Norway, and Finnland.
An interesting sidelight to the story of German
seaplane fighters is the great variety of types Above: Brit ish non-rigid airship C27 goes down in flames
produced considering their comparatively limited after an attack by Brandenburg W12s led by Oblt.z.S.
production quantities. Christ iansen over the North Sea on 11 December, 1917.
Left: A W29 attacks
British Submarine C25
which was caught on the
surface on 6 July 1918.
Armed only with machine
guns, the Brandenburgs
penetrated the pressure
hull, preventing the
submarine from safely
submerging. Their gunfire
killed the captain and five
crewmen and damaged
the submarine so badly
it was forced to return to
port for repairs. For this
action Oblt.z.S. Friedrich
Christainsen was credited
for a victory over C25.

Left: British submarine

C25 under attack by
Brandenburg W29s on 6
Ju ly1918.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 121

Above & Below: Two formations of Branden burgs hunt over the North Sea. Branden burgs often patrolled in formations
of five aircraft; the trail ing aircraft in the formation in the lower photo took the photo of the others.
122 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Above: A pair ofW29s in fl ight d isplay their two identification stripes on their rear fuselages, which indicate assignment
to Seeflugstationen Norderney.

Above: A W29 of Zeebrugge's 1-C.Staffef strafes Felixstowe Above: Felixstowe No.4305 burns. The Brandenburgs
No.4305 after it was forced down on July 31, 1918. earned their reputation as "The Hornets of Zeebrugge:·
Below: Brandenburg W29s operating with German warships in the North Sea.
 GERMAN SEAPLANE F IGHTERS OF WWI 123

Above: Brandenburg W29 Marine Number 2536 wears an interesting personal insignia on its aft fuselage.

Below: The Brandenburgs did not have things all their own way; here a W19 burns on the water. It may have been forced
down by combat damage or mechanica l fault but because the Marine Number for researching the records is not quite
legible, the exact cause is unknown.

Vern/chlung e/ne s deul"schen J(c;mpf/luj'zeuges

-·
124 G ERMAN S EAP LANE F IGHTERS OF WWI

Afterword
Since the Red Baron did not fly floatplane fighters,
we end with the most famous floatplane fighter
ace and leader of them all, Oblt.z.S. Friedrich
Christiansen in a formal Pour le Merite portrait at
right, reproduced as Sanke card 609. Christiansen
took command of Seeflugstation Z eebrugge in
September 1917 and is credited w ith at least 13
victories, including airship C27, submarine C25
(which survived), eight twin-engine flying boats, a
Sopwith Pup, and two Short 184 floatplanes. He also
set the Dutch schooner Meeuw on fire April21, 1918.

Acknowledgements
I want to especially thank Colin Owers for providing
many of the contemporary aircraft photos from
WWI; his support has been invaluable.
Cover and chapter paintings © Steve Anderson.
To learn more about Steve Anderson's art, including
how to purchase, please see: www.anderson-art.com
Color aircraft profiles© Bob Pearson. Purchase
Bob's CD of WWI aircraft color profiles for $50
USD/ Cdn, 40 Euros or 30 GBP with airmail postage
included. Paypal to Bob at [email protected] or
email him for an address to mail a cheque or IMO.
For our aviation books in print and electronic
format, please see our website at:
www.aeronautbooks.com.
You may contact me at [email protected].

Bibliography
Books
Gary, Peter, and Thetford, Owen, German Aircraft of the
First World War, second revised edition, New York: Front Vol.l8 No.1, Spring 2003, p.74- 85.
Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1970. Grosz, Peter M., " Rare Birds: Rumpler 6B2" Over the
Franks, Norman L.R., Bailey, Frank W., and Guest, Russell, Front Vol.l8 No.4, Winter 2003, p.340-349.
Above the Lines, London, Grub Street, 1993. Herris, Jack, "Rare Birds: Hansa-Brandenburg KDW and
Grosz, Peter M., Albatros W4, Berkhamsted, Albatros Derivatives" Over the Front Vol.24 No.3, Autumn
Publications, 1995. 2009, p.196- 216.
Grosz, Peter M., Brandenbmg W12, Berkhamsted, Albatros Herris, Jack, "Rare Birds: Hansa-Brandenburg W.19 and
Publications, 1997. W.33- W37 Monoplanes" Over the Front Vol.26 No.4,
Grosz, Peter M., Brandenbmg W29, Berkhamsted, Albatros Winter 2011, p.292-31 1.
Publications, 1996. Kintner, Ron, "The Brandenburg KDW Operational
Imrie, Alex, German Naval Air Service, London, Arms and History" Over the Front Vol.24 No.3, Autumn 2009,
Armour Press, 1989. p.217- 229.
Nowarra, Heinz J., Marine Aircraft of the 1914-1918 War, Kintner, Ron, " Hansa-Brandenburg W.19 Operational
Letchworth, Harleyford Publications Limited, 1966. History" Over the Front Vol.26 No.4, Winter 2011,
Articles p.312- 327.
Alexandrov, Andrei, and Kintner, Ron, "The Battle of Miller, Thomas G. (ed.), "The Hornets of Zeebrugge:
Angernsee" Over the Front Vol.l8 No.4, Winter 2003, Annotated Excertps from the War Diary of
p.292-329. Seeflugstation Flanders I, 1914- 1918, Cross etJ Cockade
Grosz, Peter M., "German Navy Seaplane Serial Numbers Vol.l1 No.1, Spring 1970.
and Classification Codes" Over the Front Vol.l4 No.1, Owers, Colin, " Rare Birds: The Hansa-Brandenburg
Spring 1999, p.4-15. Monoplanes" Over the Front Vol.21 N o.4, Winter 2006,
Grosz, Peter M., "Rare Birds: Rwnpler 6B1" Over the p.330- 377.
 0

Port-side view of 150 hp Benz Bz.lll-engined

KDW fitted with rhino-horn exhaust and
Starboard front fuselag e of prototype KDWs
with forward-mounted LMG 08 machine gun,
co
"""t
~
frontal radiator. Applies t o prot otypes
Marine Numbers 748, 783, & 784.
Marine Numbers 748, 783, & 784.

=
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~
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B
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B Starboard front fu selage of Mercedes-
engined late production KDW with revised
A-A 8-8 C-C I - mounting location for LMG 08 guns.

Port-side view of 160 hp Mercedes 0.111 and Maybach

Mb.lll-engined lat e produ ction KDW with twin LMG 08
machine guns.
~
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Underwing det ails of

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forward fuselage and
st ruts of late-production
KDW. '-.1 I I I II I I I I I llD M
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I I I I II I I I 1,

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Plan View
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Front view of late production KDW fitted with twin '"'--- . . .. --- ~-- 0"'
LMG 08 machine guns and outer wing support ;::::
struts. Engine was 160 hp Mercedes 0.111 or Maybach 1-t
Mb.lll.
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Front view of the three prototype KDWs, Marine oQ
"I

Numbers 748, 783, & 784, with 150 hp Benz Bz.lll

0
I c
engine, frontal radiator, and vertical 'rhino-horn' ® :1: :~

exhaust stack. "

Top view of front fuselage details of prototype and

early production KDWs fitted with 150 hp Benz Bz.lll
engine. LMG 08 machine gun shown in forward
position used by the three prototypes, Marine
Numbers 748, 783, & 784.
~
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12 8 Brandenburg KDW

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 Brandenburg W16 1 29

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130 Brandenburg W25
 Brandenburg W25 13 1

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1 32 Rumpler 6Bl

'·.

Plan View
The three 6Bl prototypes, Marine
Numbers 751, 787, and 788, used the
straight-edged horizontal tail plane
from the Rumpler C.l. All production
6Bl fighters used the curved tailplane
'
from the Rumpler C. IV.
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134 Rumpler 6Bl

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removed to show details - cc
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Top view w ith upper w ing Side view with wings

removed to show details removed to show details
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 137

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 139

Brandenburg
W19 =
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 141

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 Brandenburg W19

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removed to show details \ I
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 Brandenburg W33 143

Plan view of floats and struts

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144 Brandenburg W33

Plan View
 Brandenburg W33 145

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 Brandenburg W34 149

Underside
 GERMAN SEAPLANE FIGHTERS O F WWI

Above: An earl y Brandenburg KDW (no vertical fin above t he fuselage) is launched as t he pilot enters t he cockpit. The
engine appears to be a Benz due to the exhaust stack.

----
-
Above: Front view of Marine #2538, t he first Brandenburg W33, shows its streamlined lines. The wing was complex and
presented a manufacturing challenge to the Finns when t hey undertook license production; a lot of technology transfer
took p lace in 1922 between Germany and Finland.