CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

RATIO, PROPORTION, INDICES

& LOGARITHM

THEORY
Ratio
• A ratio is a fraction (either proper or improper) which compares two or more quantities of
similar kind, which enables us to understand as to how many times one quantity is involved
in the other.

• If A : B ( ) is a ratio, then the numerator A is called “Antecedent” and the denominator B

is called the “Consequent”.

• Ratios must be expressed in the simplest possible form and we can calculate ratios only
when the quantities are commensurable (fully quantifiable).

• Ratios act as a basis of apportionment of a given quantity in a specified order.

• Two or more ratios can be bridged in order to have a continuous comparison between more
than two variables.

• Rule for bridging more than two ratios :

If ,a,b,c,d,e are five Quantities, and

• If a quantity ‘Q’ increases in the ratio a:b (where b>a) then, the increased quantity will be
given by

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• If a quantity ‘Q’ decreases in the ratio a:b (where b<a) then, the reduced quantity will be
given by

Let a : b is a ratio, then:

• (Ratio of Greater Inequality)

• (Ratio of Lesser Inequality)

• (Ratio of Equality)

• (Duplicate Ratio)

• (Triplicate Ratio)

• (Sub-Duplicate Ratio)

• (Sub-Triplicate Ratio)

• If then the value of each ratio can be obtained by mean of any

one of the following two operations;

a. Each ratio = (ADDENDO)

Or
b. Each ratio = (SUBTRANDENDO)

INVERSE RATIO:
• IR of a:b is b : a
• IR of a:b:c is bc : ac : ab
• IR of a:b:c:d is bcd : acd : abd : abc

COMPOUND RATIO:
The multiplying effect of all ratios given is known as compound ratio. If a:b and c:d are two
ratios, then ac : bd is called the compounded ratio of the two.

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Proportion
• Proportion is defined as the equality of two or more ratios. If , in such a case the
quantities a,b,c,d are said to be proportional, here ‘d’ is called the fourth proportional.
• If , then a,b,c are said to be in continued proportion, where ‘b’ is called the mean
proportional and ‘c’ is called third proportional.

• If

IF THEN PROPERTY
ad = bc PRODUCT OF EXTREMES =
PRODUCT OF MEANS
INVERTENDO

ALTERNENDO

COMPONENDO

DIVIDENDO

COMPONENDO & DIVIDENDO

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CLASSWORK SECTION

1. Two numbers are in the ratio 5 : 6. If 5 is subtracted from each number, the ratio
becomes 4 : 5. The numbers are:
a) 15, 20 b) 5, 10
c) 10, 15 d) 25, 30

2. Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 4. If 6 be added to each terms of the ratio, then the
new ratio will be 4 : 5. The two numbers are:
a) 24, 32 b) 18, 24
c) 15, 20 d) 9, 12

3. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 7 : 11. The angles are: (in degrees)
a) 20, 70, 110 b) 20, 70, 90
c) 30, 70, 80 d) 18, 63, 99

4. Daily earnings of two persons are in the ratio 4 : 5 and their daily expenses are in
the ratio 7 : 9. If each saves ` 50 per day, their daily incomes are `
a) (40, 50) b) (50, 40)
c) (400, 500) d) None of these

5. The sum of the ages of 3 persons is 150 years. 10 years ago their ages were in the
ratio 7 : 8 : 9. Their present ages are:
a. 40, 60, 50 b. 50, 45, 55
c. 55, 35, 60 d. 45, 50, 55

6. Moi earns ` 80 in 7 hours and Zen earns ` 90 in 12 hours. The ratio of their earnings
is:
a) 32 : 21 b) 23 : 12
c) 8 : 9 d) None of the above

7. The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7 : 8. If the second train runs 400 kms
in 5 hrs, what is the speed of the first train?
a) 10 km per hour b) 70 km per hour
c) 50 km per hour d) None of the above

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8. The ratio of the speeds of two trains is 2 : 5. If the distances they travel are in the
ratio 5 : 9, find the ratio of the times taken by them.
a. 18 : 25 b. 5 : 4
c. 25 : 18 d. 1:1

9. If a/3 = b/4 = c/7, then find the value of (a + b + c) / c.

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) None of the above

10. If x/2 = y/3 = z/7, then find the value of (2x – 5y + 4z) / 2y.
a) 6/23 b) 23/6 c) 3/2 d) None of the above

11. The ratio of the number of 50 paise, Re. 1 and ` 5 coins with Mr. Zen is 5 : 2 : 1. If
the amount with him is ` 38, then the number of Re. 1 coins with him is:
a) 4 b) 8 c) 12 d) 16

12. A boy has five rupee coins, two rupee coins and one rupee coins in the ratio 3:4:5. If
he has an amount of ` 224, then find the numbers of one rupee coins with the boy.
a) 40 b) 35 c) 20 d) 30

13. Moi, Zen and Moizen were in a cold country. They wanted to make a bonfire. Moi
contributed 5 wood logs, Zen contributed 4 wood logs. Moizen had no wood logs,
so he contributed ` 9 to Moi and Zen. What money Moi should get?
a. ` 5 b. ` 4 c. ` 6 d. ` 3

14. If (a + b) : (ab)1/2 = 4:1, find the value of (a/b)1/2 + (b/a)1/2.

a) 1 : 4 b) 4 : 1 c) 2 : 1 d) 1 : 2

15. If . Then find the value of each ratio.

a. 1 b. c. d. None of the above

16. A precious stone worth ` 15,600 is accidently dropped and broken into three pieces,
the weights of which are respectively proportional to 2 : 3 : 5. The value of the stone
of this variety varies as the cube of its weight. Calculate the percentage loss thus
incurred by this breakage.
a) 80% b) 90%
c) 84% d) 78%

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17. An employer reduces the number of employees in the ratio of 19 : 16 and increases
their wages in the ratio of 4 : 5. What is the ratio of the wage bill of the employer
initially and now?
a. 20 : 19 b. 17 : 16
c. 16 : 17 d. 19 : 20

Types of Ratios:
18. The duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 is
a) b) 4 : 3
c) 9 : 16 d) None of these

19. The sub-duplicate ratio of 25 : 36 is

a) 6 : 5 b) 36 : 25
c) 50 : 72 d) 5 :6

20. The triplicate ratio of 2 : 3 is

a) 8 : 27 b) 6 : 9
c) 3 : 2 d) None of these

21. The sub-triplicate ratio of 8 : 27 is

a) 27 : 8 b) 24 : 81
c) 2 : 3 d) None of these

22. If p : q is the sub-duplicate ratio of (p – x2) : (q – x2), then find the value of x2.
a) p / (p + q) b) q / (p + q)
c) pq / (p – q) d) None of the above

23. If 2s : 3t is the duplicate ratio of (2s – p) : (3t – p), then:

a) p = 6st b) p2 = 6st c) 2p = 3st d) None of the above

Compound Ratio

24. The ratio compounded of 2 : 3, 9 : 4, 5 : 6 and 8 : 10 is

a) 1 : 1 b) 1 : 5
c) 3 : 8 d) None of these

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25. The ratio compounded of 4 : 9 and the duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 is

a) 1 : 4 b) 1 : 3
c) 3 : 1 d) None of these

26. The ratio compounded of 4 : 9, the duplicate ratio of 3 : 4, the triplicate ratio of
2 : 3 and 9 : 7 is
a) 2 : 7 b) 7 : 2
c) 2 : 21 d) None of these

27. The ratio compounded of the duplicate ratio of 4 : 5, triplicate ratio of 1 : 2,

sub-duplicate ratio of 81 : 256 and sub-triplicate ratio of 125 : 512 is
a) 4 : 512 b) 3 : 32
c) 1 : 120 d) None of these

28. Find the compounded ratio of 275 : 31, inverse of 729 : 1331, duplicate ratio of
2 : 5, triplicate ratio of 9 : 11, sub-duplicate ratio of 961 : 1296, sub-triplicate ratio
of 729 : 1331.
a. 1 : 1 b. 1:2
c. 275 : 11 d. 31 : 25

Inverse Ratio

29. The Inverse ratio of 11 : 15 is

a) 15:11 b)
c) 121 : 255 d) None of these

30. The ratio of the quantities is 5 : 7. If the consequent of its inverse ratio is 5, the
antecedent is
a) 5 b) c) 7 d) None of these

31. Divide ` 5130 among P, Q, R and S such that 3 times P’s share = 4 times Q’s share =
5 times R’s share = 6 times S’s share. What is the share of Q?
a. 1350 b. 1250 c. 1200 d. 1450

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Joint Ratio

32. If and the ratio a : b : c = ?

a) 4 : 6 : 15 b) 4 : 8 : 15
c) 8 : 12 : 15 d) 8 : 16 : 25

33. If A : B = 2 : 3, B : C = 4 : 5 and C : D = 3 : 7, find A : B : C : D

a) 4 : 6 : 15 : 35 b) 4 : 12 : 15 : 35
c) 8 : 12 : 15 : 35 d) 8 : 16 : 25 : 35

34. If a : b = 3 : 5, b : c = 5 : 4, c : d = 2 : 3 and d is 50% more than e, find the ratio

between a and e.
a) 2 : 3 b) 3:4
c) 3 : 5 d) 4:5

35. Aoi, Boi and Coi work in a company. The ratio of Aoi’s age to Boi’s age is 11 : 13
and Boi’s age to Coi’s age is 13:14. If the sum of their ages is 76, what are their
respective ages?
a) 33, 39, 42 b) 23, 27, 32
c) 22, 26, 28 d) 24, 28, 30

36. A and B have books in the ratio of 3 : 4, while B and C have books in the ratio 3 : 2.
If the total number of books with the three of them is 116, how many books does A
have?
a) 36 b) 37 c) 32 d) 24

37. If and , then find the value of

a) 8 : 15 b) 20 : 27
c) 3 : 4 d) 27 : 20

38. Ahmedabad, Bombay and Calcutta are three cities. The ratio of average temperature
between Ahmedabad and Bombay is 11 : 12 and the average between Ahmedabad
and Calcutta is 9 : 8. Then the ratio between the average temperature of Bombay
and Calcutta is:
a) 22 : 27 b) 27 : 22
c) 32 : 33 d) None of the above

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39. A man distributes his property of ` 6,00,000 among his three sons. The share of his
first son is thrice that of the second son’s share and the share of the second son is
twice that of the third son. Find the ratio in which sons share the property.
a) 1 : 2 : 6 b) 3:4:5
c) 6 : 2 : 1 d) 2:4:6

Proportion

40. The fourth proportional to 4, 6, 8 is

a) 12 b) 32
c) 48 d) None of these

41. The third proportional to 12, 18 is

a) 24 b) 27
c) 36 d) None of these

42. The mean proportional between 25, 81 is

a) 40 b) 50
c) 45 d) None of these

43. The number which has the same ratio to 26 that 6 has to 13 is
a) 11 b) 10
c) 21 d) None of these

44. The fourth proportional to 2a, a3 & c is

a) ac/2 b) ac
c) 2/ac d) None of these

45. If four numbers 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, 1/x are proportional then x is
a) 6/5 b) 5/6
c) 15/2 d) None of these

46. The mean proportional between 12x2 and 27y2 is

a) 18xy b) 81xy
c) 8xy d) None of these

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47. If x / y = z / w, implies y /x = w / z, then the process is called

a) Dividendo b) Componendo
c) Alternendo d) None of these.

48. If p /q = r / s = p - r / q - s, the process is called
a) Subtrahendo b) Addendo
c) Invertendo d) None of these.

49. If a/b = c/d, then the process (a+b)/(a-b) = (c+d)/(c-d), is called

a) Componendo
b) Dividendo
c) Componendo and Dividendo
d) None of these.

50. If u / v = w / p. then the process (u-v) / (u+v) = (w-p) / (w+p), is called

a) Invertendo
b) Alternendo
c) Addendo
d) None of these.

51. If then

a) b)

c) d) None of these

52. What should be added to 3, 15, 38 and 134 so that the number become proportionate
to each other.
a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 2

53. Four intergers p, q, r, s are in continued proportion. If p : r : : 9 : 4, find p/s.

a) b)

c) d) 81

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Mixtures and Alligation

54. In what proportion must rice @ ` 3.10/kg be mixed with rice @ ` 3.60/kg to make
the mixture worth ` 3.25/kg?
a. 3 : 5 b. 5:3
c. 3 : 7 d. 7:3

55. On combining two groups of students having 30 and 40 marks respectively in an

exam, the resultant group has an average score of 34. Find the ratio of the number
of students in the first group to the number of students in the second group.
a. 2 : 3 b. 3:5
c. 5 : 3 d. 3:2

56. A merchant has 100 kg of sugar, part of which he sells at 7% profit and the rest at
17% profit. He gains 10% on the whole. Find how much is sold at 7% profit.
a. 30 kg b. 70 kg
c. 55 kg d. 45 kg

57. Two solutions 90% and 97% purity are mixed resulting in 21 litres of mixture of 95%
purity. What is the quantity of 97% purity in this mixture?
a) 13 litres b) 14 litres
c) 14.5 litres d) 15 litres

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PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

58. An alloy is to contain copper and zinc in the ratio 9 : 4. The zinc required to melt with
24 kg of copper is

(a) (b)

(c) (d) 9 kg

59. A box contains ` 56 in the form of coins of one rupee, 50 paise and 25 paise. The
number of 50 paise coin is double the number of 25 paise coins and four times the
numbers of one rupee coins. The numbers of 50 paise coins in the box is
(a) 64 (b) 32 (c) 16 (d) 14

60. Eight people are planning to share equally the cost of a rental car. If one person
withdraws from the arrangement and the others share equally entire cost of the car,
then the share of each of the remaining persons increased by:
(a) 1/9 (b) 1/8 (c) 1/7 (d) 7/8

61. The incomes of A and B are in the ratio 3 : 2 and their expenditures in the ratio
5 : 3. If each saves ` 1,500, then B’s income is:
(a) ` 6000 (b) ` 4500
(c)
` 3000 (d) ` 7500

62. In 40 litres mixture of glycerine and water, the ratio of glycerine and water is 3 : 1.
The quantity of water added in the mixture in order to make this ratio 2 : 1 is
(a) 15 litres (b) 10 litres (c) 8 litres (d) 5 litres

63. The third proportional between (a2 – b2) and (a + b)2 is :

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

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64. If A, B and C started a business by investing ` 1,26,000, ` 84,000 and ` 2,10,000. If

at the end of the year profit is ` 2,42,000 then the share of each is:
(a) 72,6000, 48,400, 1,21,000
(b) 48,400, 1,21,000, 72,600
(c) 72,000, 49,000, 1,21,000
(d) 48,000, 1,21,400, 72,600

65. What must be added to each term of the ratio 49 : 68, so that it becomes 3 : 4?
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 9

66. In a film shooting, A and B received money in a certain ratio and B and C also
received the money in the same ratio. If A gets ` 1,60,000 and C gets ` 2,50,000.
Find the amount received by B?
(a) ` 2,00,000 (b) ` 2,50,000
(c)
` 1,00,000 (d) ` 1,50,000

67. The ratio compounded of 4:5 and sub-duplicate of a : 9 is 8 : 15. Then value of a is:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

68. Find two numbers such that mean proportional between them is 18 and third
proportional between them is 144
(a) 9, 36 (b) 8, 32 (c) 7, 28 (d) 6, 24

69. If the salary of P is 25% lower than that of Q and the salary of R is 20% higher than
that of Q, the ratio of the salary of R and P will be:
(a) 5 : 8 (b) 8 : 5 (c) 5 : 3 (d) 3 : 5

70. A person has assets worth ` 1,48,200. He wish to divide it amongst his wife, son and
daughter in the ratio 3 : 2 : 1 respectively. From this assets, the share of his son will
be:
(a) ` 24,700 (b) ` 49,400
(c)
` 74,100 (d) ` 37,050

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71. For three months, the salary of a person are in the ratio 2 : 4 : 5. If the difference
between the product of salaries of the first two months and last two months is
` 4,80,00,000 ; then the salary of the person for the second month will be:
(a) ` 4,000 (b) ` 6,000 (c) ` 8,000 (d) ` 12,000

72. A dealer mixes rice costing ` 13.84 per kg. with rice costing ` 15.54 and sells the
mixture at ` 17.60 per kg. So, he earns a profit of 14.6% on his sale price. The
proportion in which he mixes the two qualities of rice is:
(a) 3 : 7 (b) 5 : 7 (c) 7 : 9 (d) 9 : 11

73. The ratio of third proportion 12, 30 to the mean proportion of 9, 25 is:
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 5 : 1 (c) 7 : 15 (d) 3 : 5

74. X, Y, Z together starts a business. If X invests 3 times as much as Y invests and Y

invests two third of what Z invests, then the ratio of capitals of X, Y, Z is
(a) 3 : 9 : 2 (b) 6 : 3 : 2
(c) 3 : 6 : 2 (d) 6 : 2 : 3

75. There are total 23 coins of ` 1, ` 2 and ` 5 in a bag. If their value is ` 43 and the
ratio of coins of ` 1 and ` 2 is 3 : 2. Then the number of coins of ` 1 is :
(a) 12 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 14

76. The ratio of the number of ` 5 coins and ` 10 coins is 8 : 15. If the value of ` 5 coins
is ` 360, then the number of ` 10 coins will be:
(a) 72 (b) 120 (c) 135 (d) 185

77. is the duplicate ratio of , then find the value of x :

(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 9

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HOMEWORK SECTION
1. The inverse ratio of 11 : 15 is
(a) 15 : 11 (b)
(c) 121 : 225 (d) none of these

2. The ratio of two quantities is 3 : 4. If the antecedent is 15, the consequent is

(a) 16 (b) 60 (c) 22 (d) 20

3. The ratio of the quantities is 5 : 7. If the consequent of its inverse ratio is 5, the
antecedent is
(a) 5 (b) (c) 7 (d) none of these

4. The ratio compounded of 2 : 3, 9 : 4, 5 : 6 and 8 : 10 is

(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 5 (c) 3 : 8 (d) none of these

5. The duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 is

(a) : 2 (b) 4 : 3 (c) 9 : 16 (d) none of these

6. The sub-duplicate ratio of 25 : 36 is

(a) 6 : 5 (b) 36 : 25 (c) 50 : 72 (d) 5 : 6

7. The triplicate ratio of 2 : 3 is

(a) 8 : 27 (b) 6 : 9 (c) 3 : 2 (d) none of these

8. The sub-triplicate ratio of 8 : 27 is

(a) 27 : 8 (b) 24 : 81 (c) 2 : 3 (d) none of these

9. The ratio compounded of 4 : 9 and the duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 is

(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 3 : 1 (d) none of these

10. The ratio compounded of 4 : 9, the duplicate ratio of 3 : 4, the triplicate ratio of
2 : 3 and 9 : 7 is
(a) 2 : 7 (b) 7 : 2 (c) 2 : 21 (d) none of these

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11. The ratio compounded of duplicate ratio of 4 : 5, triplicate ratio of 1 : 3, sub duplicate
ratio of 81 : 256 and sub-triplicate ratio of 125 : 512 is
(a) 4 : 512 (b) 3 : 32 (c) 1 : 12 (d) none of these

12. If a : b = 3 : 4, the value of (2a+3b) : (3a+4b) is

(a) 54 : 25 (b) 8 : 25 (c) 17 : 24 (d) 18 : 25

13. Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. If 4 be subtracted from each, they are in the ratio
3 : 5. The numbers are
(a) (16, 24) (b) (4, 6) (c) (2, 3) (d) none of these

14. The angles of a triangle are in ratio 2 : 7 : 11. The angles are
(a) (20o, 70o, 90o)
(b) (30o, 70o, 80o)
(c) (18o, 63o, 99o)
(d) none of these

15. Division of ` 324 between X and Y is in the ratio 11 : 7. X & Y would get Rupees
(a) (204, 120) (b) (200, 124)
(c) (180, 144) (d) none of these

16. Anand earns ` 80 in 7 hours and Promode ` 90 in 12 hours. The ratio of their
earnings is
(a) 32 : 21 (b) 23 : 12
(c) 8 : 9 (d) none of these

17. The ratio of two numbers is 7 : 10 and their difference is 105. The numbers are
(a) (200, 305) (b) (185, 290)
(c) (245, 350) (d) none of these

18. P, Q and R are three cities. The ratio of average temperature between P and Q is
11 : 12 and that between P and R is 9 : 8. The ratio between the average temperature
of Q and R is
(a) 22 : 27 (b) 27 : 22 (c) 32 : 33 (d) none of these

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19. If x : y = 3 : 4, the value of x2y + xy2 : x3 + y3 is

(a) 13 : 12 (b) 12 : 13 (c) 21 : 31 (d) none of these

20. If p : q is the sub-duplicate ratio of p–x2 : q–x2 then x2 is

(c)
(a) (b) (d) None of these

21. If 2s : 3t is the duplicate ratio of 2s – p : 3t – p then

(a) p2 = 6st (b) p = 6st (c) 2p = 3st (d) none of these

22. If p : q = 2 : 3 and x : y = 4 : 5, then the value of 5px + 3qy : 10px + 4qy is

(a) 71 : 82 (b) 27 : 28 (c) 17 : 28 (d) none of these

23. The number which when subtracted from each of the terms of the ratio 19 : 31
reducing it to 1 : 4 is
(a) 15 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) none of these

24. Daily earnings of two persons are in the ratio 4:5 and their daily expenses are in the
ratio 7 : 9. If each saves ` 50 per day, their daily earnings in ` are
(a) (40, 50) (b) (50, 40) (c) (400, 500) (d) none of these

25. The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7 : 8. If the second train runs 400 kms.
in 5 hours, the speed of the first train is
(a) 10 Km/hr (b) 50 Km/hr (c) 70 Km/hr (d) none of these

26. The fourth proportional to 4, 6, 8 is

(a) 12 (b) 32 (c) 48 (d) none of these

27. The third proportional to 12, 18 is

(a) 24 (b) 27 (c) 36 (d) none of these

28. The mean proportional between 25, 81 is

(a) 40 (b) 50 (c) 45 (d) none of these

29. The number which has the same ratio to 26 that 6 has to 13 is
(a) 11 (b) 10 (c) 21 (d) none of these

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30. The fourth proportional to 2a, a2, c is

(a) ac/2 (b) ac (c) 2/ac (d) none of these

31. If four numbers 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, 1/x are proportional then x is
(a) 6/5 (b) 5/6 (c) 15/2 (d) none of these

32. The mean proportional between 12x2 and 27y2 is

(a) 18xy (b) 81xy (c) 8xy (d) none of these
(Hint: Let z be the mean proportional and z =

33. If A = B/2 = C/5, then A : B : C is

(a) 3 : 5 : 2 (b) 2 : 5 : 3 (c) 1 : 2 : 5 (d) none of these

34. If a/3 = b/4 = c/7, then a + b + c/c is

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) none of these

35. If p/q = r/s = 2.5/1.5, the value of ps : qr is

(a) 3/5 (b) 1:1 (c) 5/3 (d) none of these

36. If x : y = z : w = 2.5 : 1.5, the value of (x + z)/(y + w) is

(a) 1 (b) 3/5 (c) 5/3 (d) none of these

37. If (5x – 3y)/(5y – 3x) = 3/4, the value of x : y is

(a) 2 : 9 (b) 7 : 2 (c) 7 : 9 (d) none of these

38. If A : B = 3 : 2 and B : C = 3 : 5, then A : B : C is

(a) 9 : 6 : 10 (b) 6 : 9 : 10 (c) 10 : 9 : 6 (d) none of these

39. If x/2 = y/3 = z/7, then the value of (2x – 5y + 4z)/2y is

(a) 6/23 (b) 23/6 (c) 3/2 (d) 17/6

40. If x : y = 2 : 3, y : z = 4 : 3 then x : y : z is
(a) 2 : 3 : 4 (b) 4:3:2 (c) 3 : 2 : 4 (d) none of these

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41. Division of ` 750 into 3 parts in the ratio 4 : 5 : 6 is

(a) (200, 250, 300) (b) (250, 250, 250)
(c) (350, 250, 150) (d) 8 : 12 : 9

42. The sum of the ages of 3 persons is 150 years. 10 years ago their ages were in the
ratio 7 : 8 : 9. Their present ages are
(a) (45, 50, 55) (b) (40, 60, 50)
(c) (35, 45, 70) (d) none of these

43. The numbers 14, 16, 35, 42 are not in proportion. The fourth term for which they
will be in proportion is
(a) 45 (b) 40 (c) 32 (d) none of these

44. If x/y = z/w, implies y/x = w/z, then the process is called
(a) Dividendo (b) Componendo
(c) Alternendo (d) none of these

45. If p/q = r/s = p – r/q – s, the process is called

(a) Subtrahendo (b) Addendo
(c) Invertendo (d) none of these

46. If a/b = c/d, implies (a + b)/(a – b) = (c + d)/(c – d), the process is called
(a) Componendo (b) Dividendo
(c) Componendo and Dividendo (d) none of these

47. If u/v = w/p, then (u – v)/(u + v) = (w – p)/(w + p). The process is called
(a) Invertendo (b) Alternendo
(c) Addendo (d) none of these

48. 12, 16, *, 20 are in proportion. Then * is

(a) 25 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) none of these

49. 4, *, 9, 13½ are in proportion. Then * is

(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) none of these

19
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

50. The mean proportional between 1.4 gms and 5.6 gms is
(a) 28 gms (b) 2.8 gms (c) 3.2 gms (d) none of these

51. If then is
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 7 (d) none of these.

52. Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 4; if 6 be added to each terms of the ratio, then the
new ratio will be 4 : 5, then the numbers are
(a) 14, 20 (b) 17, 19 (c) 18 and 24 (d) none of these

53. If then
(a) (b)

(c) (d) none of these

54. If a : b = 4 : 1 then + is is
(a) 5/2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) none of these

55. If then

(b - c)x + (c - a)y + (a - b)z is

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 5 (d) none of these

20
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

HOMEWORK SOLUTION

1. (a) 15 : 11

2. (d) 20
Ratio = 3 , antecedent = 3 × 5 = 15
4
\ consequent = 4 × 5 = 20

3. (c) 7

4. (a) 1 : 1

5. (c) 9 : 16

6. (d) 5 : 6

7. (a) 8 : 27

8. (c) 2 : 3

9. (a) 1/4
Compound ratio =

10. (c) 2 : 27
Compound ratio =

11. (d) None of these

Compound ratio =

12. (d) 18 : 25
Here, a : b = 3 : 4
\ a = 3, b = 4
\ Value of 2a + 3b : 3a + 4b
= 2(3) + 3(4) : 3(3) + 4(4)
= 18 : 25

21
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

13. (a) 16, 24

Let numbers are 2 : 3 = 2x : 3x
\ If 4 subtract from each

\ 5(2x – 4) = 3(3x – 4)
\ 10x – 20 = 9x – 12
\x=8
\ the numbers are = 2x, 3x
= 16, 24

14. (c) (18°, 63°, 99°)

Angles of triangle = 2 : 7 : 11
= 2x, 7x, 11x
Let 2x + 7x + 11x = 180
\ 20x = 180
\x=9
\ Angles of triangle = 2x, 7x, 11x
= 18, 63, 99

15. (d) None of these Trial and error

16. (a) 32 : 21

\ Ratio of earnings =

17. (c) (245, 350) Trial and error

22
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

18. (b) 27 : 22
Here, P : Q = 11 : 12, P : R = 9 : 8
\ Q : P = 12 : 11
Joint ratio = Q : P P:R
9 × (12 : 11) (9 : 8) × 11
= 108 : 99 99 : 88
\ Ratio of Q : R = 108 : 88
= 27 : 22

19. (b) 12 : 13
Here, x : y = 3 : 4
\ x = 3, y = 4
the value of x2y + xy2 : x3 + y3
= (3)2(4) + 3(4)2 : (3)3 + (4)3
= 36 + 48 : 27 + 64
= 84 : 91
= 12 : 13

20. (c) pq / p + q

\ p2(q – x2) = q2(p – x2)
\ p2q – p2x2 = pq2 – q2 . x2
\ p2q – pq2 = p2x2 – q2x2
\ pq(p – q) = x2(pp – qq)
\ pq(p – q) = x2(p – q)(p + q)
\ x2 =

23
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

21. (a) p2 = 6 st

\ 2s(9t2 – 6tp + p2) = 3t(4s2 – 4sp + p2)
\ 18t2s – 12ps + 2p2s = 12ts2 – 12tps + 3pt
\ 18t2s – 12 + s2 = 3p2t – 2p2s
\ 6ts(3t – 2s) = p2(3t – 2s)
\ p2 = 6st

22. (c) 17 : 28
p : q = 2 : 3, x : y = 4 : 5
\ the value of 5px + 3qy : 10px + 4qy
= 5(2)(4) + 3(3)(5) : 10(2)(4) + 4(3)(5)
= 85 : 140 = 17 : 28

23. (a) 15 Trial and error

24. (c) (400, 500) Trial and error

25. (c) 70 km/hrs

Speed d 2nd train =

\ Speed of 2nd train = 80 km/hr

Speed ratio =

\ S1 = 70 km/hr.

24
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

26. (a) 12

\ x = 12

27. (b) 27

\ x = 27

28. (c) 45
Mean proportion =
= 45

29. (d) None of these

\ x = 12

30. (a)

25
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

31. (c)

32. (a) 18xy

Mean proportion =

= 18xy
33. (c) 1 : 2 : 5

Here A = =
A = 1, B = 2, C = 5
\A:B:C=1:2:5

34. (c) 2
Here,
\ a = 3, b = 4, c = 7

35. (b) 1 : 1

\ p = r = 2.5, q = s = 1.5

26
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

36. (c)

x = z = 2.5, y = w = 1.5

the value of

37. (d)

Here,

\ 4(5x – 3y) = 3(5y – 3x)

\ 20x – 12y = 15y – 9x
\ 29x = 27y

38. (a) 9 : 6 : 10
A : B B:C
3 × (3 : 2) (3 : 5) × 2
\ 9 : 6 6 : 10
\ A : B : C = 9 : 6 : 10

39. (d)

\ x = 2, y = 3, z = 7
\ The value of

27
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

40. (d) 8 : 12 : 9
x : y y:z
4 × (2 : 3) (4 : 3) × 3
\ 8 : 12 12 : 9
\ x : y : z = 8 : 12 : 9

41. (a) (200, 250, 300) Trial and error

42. (a) (45, 50, 55) Trial and error

43. (b) 40

x = 40

44. (d) None of these

45. (a) Subtrahendo
46. (c) Componendo & Dividendo
47. (d) None of these

48. (c) 15

x = 15

49. (a) 6

x=6

28
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

50. (b) 2.8

Mean proportion =
= 2.8

51. (b) 2

\ a = 4, b = 5, c = 9

52. (c) 18, 24

\ 5(3x + 6) = 4(4x + 6)
\ 15x + 30 = 16x + 24
\ 6 = x
\ numbers = 3x = 3(6) = 18
4x = 4(6) = 24

53. (b)

54. (a)

Here,

55. (b) 0
Cyclical terms in base.

29
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

Indices, Surds and Logarithms

THEORY
ax = N
a = base
x = Power/Exponent/Index
N = Product
[But,a ≠ 0,1,±∞]

Theory of Indices deals with the various changes in power, during various mathematical
operations.

Basic Rules
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

30
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

9.

10.

11.

Basic Formulae

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

31
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

11.

12.
but both the results cannot hold true simultaneously

Rational Numbers, Irrational Numbers & Surds

• A Rational Number is a number which can be expressed in the form p/q, where q ≠
0; p & q are integers and p and q are prime to each other, i.e., there is no common
factor between p & q, other than 1.

• Any terminating and recurring decimals are rational numbers.

• Thus any non-recurring and non-terminating decimals are irrational numbers, and
when the irrational numbers are expressed in radical form (root form), it is known
as “Surds”.

• Thus all the surds are irrational, but all irrational numbers are not surds.

• The numbers whose perfect root can be evaluated are rational quantities and
numbers for which perfect roots cannot be evaluated are irrational quantities.

Order of Surds

If is a surd, then, it is said to be a surd of order “k”.

Pure Surds and Mixed Surds

In case of pure surds, entire expression is kept within the radical sign. In mixed surds, it
is expressed as a product of one rational and one irrational quantity.

Example:
is a pure surd; is a mixed surd.

32
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

Conjugate of a Surd

If are surds, their respective conjugates would be given by,

and vice-versa.

Rationalization of Surds
Rationalization is a process, where we convert the irrational part of the surd into a
rational quantity, with help of its conjugate.

Note: 1
• Rational + Rational = Rational
• Rational – Rational = Rational
• Rational x Rational = Rational
• Rational ÷ Rational = Rational

Note: 2
• Irrational + Irrational = Irrational
• Irrational – Irrational = Rational (only when the quantities are equal); otherwise –
. Irrational – Irrational = Irrational
• Irrational x Irrational = May be Rational or Irrational
• Irrational ÷ Irrational = May be Rational or Irrational

Note: 3
• Rational + Irrational = Irrational
• Rational – Irrational = Irrational
• Rational x Irrational = Irrational
• Rational ÷ Irrational = Irrational

Square Root of Surds

• The square root of a surd is always a surd.

• Every answer for square root must contain +ve or –ve sign and in the absence of
+/- sign, “none of these” will be marked as answer.

33
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

• If the given surd, whose square root is to be evaluated is in the form , then
the answer will also be in the form .

• Square the options, in order to get the question back.

34
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

INDICES

1. The value of 4/(32)1/5 is

(a) 8 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) none of these

2. 21/2 . 43/4 is equal to

(a) a fraction (b) a positive integer
(c) a negative integer (d) none of these

3. The value of ya - b × yb – c × yc – a × y–a–b is

(a) ya+b (b) y
(c) 1 (d) 1/ya+b

4. The value of (8/27)–1/3 × (32/243)–1/5 is

(a) 9/4 (b) 4/9
(c) 2/3 (d) none of these

5. The value of is
(a) (x + y)2 (b) (x – y)
(c) x + y (d) none of these

6. Simplified value of (125)2/3 is

(a) 5 (b) 1/5
(c) 1 (d) none of these

7. [{(2)1/2. (4)3/4. (8)5/6. (16)7/8. (32)9/10]4]3/25 is

(a) A fraction (b) an integer
(c) 1 (d) none of these

8. [1- {1 – (1 – x2)–1}–1]–1/2 is equal to

(a) x (b) 1/x
(c) 1 (d) none of these

35
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

9. If a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2), then the simplified form of

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) x (d) none of these

10. The value of

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) none of these

11. The value of

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) none of these

12. Using (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b) tick the correct of these when x = p1/3 – p–1/3
(a) x3 + 3x = p + 1/p
(b) x3 + 3x = p – 1/p
(c) x3 + 3x = p + 1 (d) none of these

13. If , then 3x3 – 9x is

(a) 15 (b) 10
(c) 12 (d) none of these

14. If ax = b, by = c, cz = a, then xyz is

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) none of these

15. If x1/p = y1/q = z1/r and xyz = 1, then the value of p + q + r is

(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 1/2 (d) none of these

16. On simplification, 1/(1 + am – n + am – p) + 1/(1 + an – m + an – p) + 1/(1 + ap – m + ap – n) is

equal to
(a) 0 (b) a (c) 1 (d) 1/a

36
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

17. If 2x = 3y = 6–z, is

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) none of these

18. The value of is

(a) 0 (b) 252

(c) 250 (d) 248

19. On simplification reduces to

(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 10

20. If then x – y is given by

(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) none

21. Show that is given by

(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 4 (d) 0

22. Show that is given by

(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 3 (d) 1

23. Show that reduces to

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) None

24. Show that reduces to

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) –1 (d) None

37
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

25. Show that reduces to

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 2

26. The value of z is given by the following if

(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)

27. If (5.678)x = (0.5678)y = 10z then

(a) (b)

(c) (d) None

28. If ap = bq = cr and b2 = ac the value of q(p + r)/pr is given by

(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) None

29. If 2a = 3b = (12)c, then reduces to

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) None

30. If 2a = 3b = 6–c then the value of reduce to

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1

31. If 3a = 5b = (75)c, then the value of ab – c(2a + b) reduces to

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 5

32. If 2a = 4b = 8c and abc = 288 then the value is given by

(a) (b) (c)

(d)

33. If ap = bq = cr = ds and ab = cd then the value of reduces to

(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) 1

38
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

34. If ax2/3 + bx1/3 + c = 0 then the value of a3x2 + b3x + c3 is given by

(a) 3abcx (b) –3abcx (c) 3abc (d) –3abc

35. would reduce to zero a + b + c is given by

(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) None

36. If ab = ba, then the value of reduces to

(a) a (b) b (c) 0 (d) None

SURDS
37. If a = 3 + then the value of is
(a) (b)
(c) (d)

38. If a = 3 + then the value of is

(a) (b) 2
(c) (d)

39. If a = then the value of [a(a – 14)]2 is

(a) 14 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d) 1

40. The square root of is

(a) (b)

(c) Both the above (d) None

41. If a = , then the value of a + b is

(a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 98 (d) 99

42. If a = , then the value of a2 + b2 is

(a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 98 (d) 99

39
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

43. Value of (a1/8 + a–1/8) (a1/8 – a–1/8) (a1/4 + a–1/4) (a1/2 + a–1/2) is:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

44. If 4x = 5y = 20z then z is equal to:

(a) xy (b) (c) (d)

45. × 9 is equal to :

(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)

46. If 2x – 2x–1 = 4 then xx is equal to:

(a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 27 (d) 9

47. If x = ya, y = zb and z = xc then abc is:

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4

48.
(a) 1/2 (b) 3/2 (c) 2/3 (d) 1/3

49. If 2x × 3y × 5z = 360. Then what is the value of x, y, z ?

(a) 3, 2, 1 (b) 1, 2, 3 (c) 2, 3, 1 (d) 1, 3, 2

50. The value of is equal to:

(a) 1/5 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/9

51. If = 0 then the value of

(a) abc (b) 9abc
(c) (d)

52. If (25)150 = (25x)50, then the value of x will be:

(a) 53 (b) 54 (c) 52 (d) 5

53. If px = q, qy = r and rz = p6, then the value of xyz will be :

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 6

40
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

SPECIAL TYPE OF
QUESTIONS

1. (i) The value of is

(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 20 (d) None

(ii) The value of is

(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 20 (d) None

(iii)
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 20 (d) None

(iv) The value of

(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) None

(v) The value of

(a) 8 (b) 8 (c) 8 (d) None

2. If xyz = 1 then the value of is

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –2 (d) None

3. If x = the value of X is given by

(a) – 2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0

4. If the value of X is given by

(a) – 3 (b) 3 (c) 12 (d) 7

5. would reduce to one if a + b + c is given by

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) – 1 (d) None

6. Simplify for a = 316/15

(a) 0; (b) 2; (c) 3; (d) None

41
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

Logarithms

THEORY
If ax=N, then x=loga N; *a 0,1, and for the purpose of log, any negative quantity.
* x is called the logarithm of N (product) to the base “a”.

Base “a”
• The base “a” of log can be any positive real number except 1.
• The base of log can be clearly divided into two parts:
 0 < a < 1 (the proper fraction)
 a > 1 (positive integer / mixed fraction)
• Unless otherwise specified, the base of log is always taken to be 10 and this is
known as Common Logarithm.
• For theoretical purpose, the base is always taken to be “e”, where “e” is a constant
and this is known as “Natural Logarithm”.
• Common Logarithms are used for numerical calculations and Natural Logarithms
are used in calculus.

Basic Rules
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

42
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

8.

Change of Base in Logarithms

1.

2.

3.

Nature of Log Values

• All the values which are obtained from log tables are irrational numbers provided
the numbers are not 10 or in the form of 10n.

Number of Digits
Rule for finding out the number of digits in an expression of the form ab, where a and b
are integers, using logarithms.
• If K is a number, then its log value, logK can be divided into two parts: a) Integral
Part, b) Fractional Part.
• The integral part is called “Characteristics” and the fractional part is called
“Mantissa”.
• The integral characteristics part can be positive or negative or zero but not a fraction.
• The values of mantissa are always positive fractions.
• The values for mantissa are obtained from log tables.
• Characteristics are to be calculated before we evaluate mantissa from the log table.
• Value of characteristics = number of significant digits before decimal – 1
• Thus Number of digits = value of characteristics + 1

43
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

CLASSWORK SECTION
1. log10 10 + log10 100 + log10 1000 + log10 10000 + log10 100000 is
a) 15
b) log10 11111
c) log10 1111
d) 14log10 100

2. If , then which of the following is true?

a) a + b = 1
b) a + b = 0
c) a = b
d) a – b = 1

3. Find the value of

a) 1 b) 4
c) 41 d) None of the above

4. Evaluate :
a) 1
b) 2
c) – 1
d) 0

5.
a) 18
b) 1
c) 3
d) None of the above

6.
a) log 2
b) log 3
c) log 5
d) None of the above

44
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

7. If log10
a) 4
b) 8
c) 12
d) 4, 8

8.
a) 5
b) 2
c) 5/2
d) 3/2

9. If ; then find the value of x.

a) 5
b) 1/5
c) 52
d) None of the above

10.

a) 3 b) c) 2 d) 1

11. If = 2, then x = ?

a) b)

c) d) None of the above

12. Evaluate: xlogy – logz. ylogz – logx. zlogx – logy.

a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. – 1

13. Evaluate: (bc)log b/c . (ca)log c/a . (ab)log a/b.

a. 0 b. 1 c. – 1 d. None of the above

14. The value of is alog b/c. blog c/a. clog a/b

a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) None

45
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

15. Given log2 = 0.3010 and log3 = 0.4771, find the value of log6.
a) 0.9030 b) 0.9542
c) 0.7781 d) None of the above

16. Given that log102 = x and log103 = y, the value of log10 60 is expressed as:
a) x + y + 1 b) x–y+1
c) x – y – 1 d) None of the above

17. Given logx = m + n and logy = m – n, the value of log (10x/y2) is expressed in terms
of m and n as:
a) 1- m + 3n b) m – 1 + 3n
c) m + 3n + 1 d) None of the above

18. If
a) 20 b) 23 c) 22 d) 21

19. If , then log x – log y =

a) log 2 b) log 3 c) log 5 d) log 6

20. If , then find the value of a4b3c-2.

a) 0 b) – 1 c) 1 d) None of the above

21. If , then find the value of x y z ?

x y z

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) None of the above

22. Find the value of logarithm of 64 to the base (2)0.5.

a) 1 b) 2 c) ½ d) None of the above

23. Find the value of log 1728 .

a) 2 b) 6 c) 1 d) None of the above

24. log (a-9) + loga = 1, the value of a is given by

a) 0 b) 10 c) -1 d) None

46
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

25. On solving the equation logt + log (t - 3) = 1 we get the value of t as

a) 5 b) 2 c) 3 d) 0

26. For any three consecutive integers x, y, z. the equation log (1 + xz) – 2logy = 0 is:
a) True b) False
c) Sometimes true d) Cannot be determined in case of cyclic order

27) If log2 (log3 (log2x)) = 1, then x =

a) 512 b) 128 c) 12 d) 0

28) If log0.5 (logx (log432)) = 2, then x =

a) 5/2 b) 625/16 c) 25/4 d) None of the above

29) If x = logabc; y = logbca; z = logcab, then the value of xyz – x – y – z is:

a) 1 b) 2 c) – 1 d) 0

30) If x = loga bc, y = logb ca, z = logc ba, then the value of is...
a) 3 b) 1 c) 2 d) 0

31) Find the value of log55.log49.log32.

a) 1 b) 2 c) 5 d) None of the above

32) Find the value of (logba x logcb x logac)3

a). 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) None of the above

33) If log4x + log2x = 6, then the value of x is

a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d) 16

34) If log = 2 log x10, then a possible value of x is given by:

a) 10 b) c)
d) None of the above

35) Evaluate :
a) a b) b c) a + b d) None of the above

36) Find the value of the following expression:

a) t b) abcdt c) a+b+c+d+t d) None of the above

47
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

37) The value of is ...?

a) 3 b) 2 c) 1 d) None of the above

38) log2 log log3 81 = ?

a) 3 b) 2 c) 1 d) 0

39) If MOI = log2 log2 log4 256 + 2log 2, then MOI equals:
a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 25

40) Given log (1+2+3) = log1 + log2 + log3. Using the given rule calculate log (3+4+5).
a) log 3 + log 4 b) log 3 + log 4 + log 5
c) a) or b) d) Can’t be determined

41) If , then find the value of y.

a) log b) loge

c) d)

42) Given log2 = 0.30103, the number of digits in 250 is

a) 14 b) 16 c) 18 d) 25

43) log 2 5
a) An integer b) A rational number
c) An irrational number d) A prime number

44)
a) log 2 b) 1 c) 0 d) None of the above

45) log(1/81) to the base 9 is equal to

(a) (b) 1/2
(c) –2 (d) none of these

48
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

46) The value of log2 [log2 [log3 (log3 273)}] is equal to

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) none of these

47) If log2 x + log4 x + log16 x = 21/4, these x is equal to

(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 16 (d) none of these

48) Given that log10 2 = x, log10 3 = y, then log10 1.2 is expressed in terms of x and y as
(a) x + 2y – 1 (b) x + y – 1 (c) 2x + y – 1 (d) none of these

49) The simplified value of log is

(a) log 3 (b) log 2 (c) log 1/2 (d) none of these

50) The value of log8 25 given log 2 = 0.3010 is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1.5482 (d) none of these

51) If a = b2 = c3 = d4 then the value of loga (abcd) is

(a) (b)

(c) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 (d) None

52) The sum of the series is given by

(a) (b) (c) (d) None

53) If a2 + b2 = 7ab then the value of is log

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 7

54) If a3 + b3 = 0 then the value of log(a + b) – is equal to

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 3

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

55. The value is:

(a) 3 log10 2 (b) 7 log10 3 (c) 3 loga z (d) none

49
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

56. log 144 is equal to:

(a) 2 log 4 + 2 log 2 (b) 4 log 2 + 2 log 3
(c) 3 log 2 + 4 log 3 (d) 3 log 2 – 4 log 3

57. If log2 [log3 (log2 x)] = 1, then x equals:

(a)
128 (b) 256
(c)
512 (d) none

58. log4 (x2 + x) – log4(x + 1) = 2. Find x.

(a)
16 (b) 0
(c)
–1 (d) none of these

59. The value of 2 log x + 2 log x2 + 2 log x3 + . . . + 2 log xn will be:

(a) (b) n(n + 1) log x
(c) n2 log x (d) none of these

60. If n = m! where (‘m’ is a positive integer > 2) then the value of :

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) 2

61. Which of the following is true. If

(a) log(ab + bc + ca) = abc

(b) log = abc
(c) log (abc) = 0
(d) log (a + b + c) = 0

62. For what value of x, the equation is true?

(a) 16 (b) 32 (c) 8 (d) 4

63. If x = log24 12, y = log36 24 and z = log48 36, then xyz + 1 = _____
(a) 2xy (b) 2xz (c) 2yz (d) 2

64. If log 2 = 0.3010 and log 3 = 0.4771, then the value of log 24
(a) 1.0791 (b) 1.7323 (c) 1.3801 (d) 1.8301

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

65. The value of log (13 + 23 + 33 + . . . n3) is equal to:

(a) 3 log 1 + 3 log 2 + . . . + 3 log n
(b) 2 log n + 2 log (n + 1) – 2 log 2
(c) log n + log (n + 1) + log (2n + 1) – log 6
(d) 1

66. If log3 [log4 x] = 0, then the value of ‘x’ will be:

(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 32

67. Number of digits in the numeral for 264. [Given log 2 = 0.30103]:
(a) 18 digits (b) 19 digits (c) 20 digits (d) 21 digits

51
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

SPECIAL TYPE OF
QUESTIONS

1. Find the simplest value of

(a) 1; (b) – 1; (c) 0; (d) None

2. The value of is
(a) 0; (b) 1; (c) 2; (d) None

3. The value of is
(a) 0; (b) 1; (c) 2; (d) None

4. If , then x is given by:

(a) 1/100 (b) 1/10 (c) 1/20 (d) None of these

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

HOMEWORK SECTION
(INDICES & LOG)
1. 4x–1/4 is expressed as
(a) –4x1/4 (b) x–1 (c) 4/x1/4 (d) none of these

2. The value of 81/3 is

(a) (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) none of these

3. The value of 2 × (32)1/5 is

(a) 2 (b) 10 (c) 4 (d) none of these

4. The value of 4/(32)1/5 is

(a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) none of these

5. The value of (8/27)1/3 is

(a) 2/3 (b) 3/2 (c) 2/9 (d) none of these

6. The value of 2(256)–1/8 is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) none of these

7. 2½. 4¾ is equal to
(a) a fraction (b) a positive integer
(c) a negative integer (d) none of these

8. has simplified value equal to

(a) xy2 (b) x2y (c) 9xy2 (d) none of these

9. xa–b × xb–c × xc–a is equal to

(a) x (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) none of these

10. The value of where p,q,x,y≠0 is equal to

(a) 0 (b) 2/3 (c) 1 (d) none of these

11. {(33)2 × (42)3 × (53)2} / {(32)3 × (43)2 × (52)3} is

(a) 3/4 (b) 4/5 (c) 4/7 (d) 1

53
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

12. Which is True ?

(a) 20 > (1/2)0 (b) 20 < (1/2)0
(c) 20 = (1/2)0 (d) none of these

13. If x1/p = y1/q = z1/r and xyz = 1, then the value of p + q + r is

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 1/2 (d) none of these

14. The value of ya–b × yb–c × yc–a × y–a–b is

(a) ya+b (b) y (c) 1 (d) 1/ya+b

15. The True option is

(a) (b)
(c) (d)

16. The simplified value of 16x–3y2 × 8–1x3y–2 is

(a) 2xy (b) xy/2 (c) 2 (d) none of these

17. The value of (8/27)–1/3 × (32/243)–1/5 is

(a) 9/4 (b) 4/9 (c) 2/3 (d) none of these

18. log 6 + log 5 is expressed as

(a) log 11 (b) log 30 (c) log 5/6 (d) none of these

19. log28 is equal to

(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 3 (d) none of these

20. log 32/4 is equal to

(a) log 32/log 4 (b) log 32 – log 4
(c) 23 (d) none of these

21. log (1 × 2 × 3) is equal to

(a) log 1 + log 2 + log 3 (b) log 3
(c) log 2 (d) none of these

22. The value of log 0.0001 to the base 0.1 is

(a) –4 (b) 4 (c) 1/4 (d) none of these

54
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

23. If 2 log x = 4 log 3, the x is equal to

(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 2 (d) none of these

24. log 64 is equal to

(a) 12 (b) 6 (c) 1 (d) none of these

25. log 1728 is equal to

(a) (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) none of these

26. log (1/81) to the base 9 is equal to

(a) 2 (b) ½ (c) –2 (d) none of these

27. log 0.0625 to the base 2 is equal to

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) none of these

28. Given log2 = 0.3010 and log3 = 0.4771 the value of log 6 is
(a) 0.9030 (b) 0.9542 (c) 0.7781 (d) none of these

29. The value of log2 log2 log2 16

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) none of these

30. The value of log 1/3 to the base 9 is

(a) – ½ (b) ½ (c) 1 (d) none of these

31. If log x + log y = log (x+y), y can be expressed as

(a) x–1 (b) x (c) x/x–1 (d) none of these

32. The value of log2 [log2 {log3 (log3273)}] is equal to

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) none of these

33. If log2x + log4x + log16x = 21/4, these x is equal to

(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 16 (d) none of these

34. Given that log102 = x and log103 = y, the value of log1060 is expressed as
(a) x – y + 1 (b) x + y + 1
(c) x – y – 1 (d) none of these

55
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

35. Given that log102 = x, log103 = y, then log101.2 is expressed in terms of x and y as
(a) x + 2y – 1 (b) x + y – 1
(c) 2x + y – 1 (d) none of these

36. Given that log x = m + n and log y = m – n, the value of log 10x/y2 is expressed in
terms of m and n as
(a) 1 – m + 3n (b) m – 1 + 3n
(c) m + 3n + 1 (d) none of these

37. The simplified value of 2 log105 + log108 – ½ log104 is

(a) 1/2 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) none of these

38. log [1 – {1 – (1 – x2)–1}–1]–1/2 can be written as

(a) log x2 (b) log x
(c) log 1/x (d) none of these

39. The simplified value of log is

(a) log 3 (b) log 2 (c) log ½ (d) none of these

40. The value of (logba × logcb × logac)3 is equal to

(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) none of these

41. The logarithm of 64 to the base is

(a) 2 (b) (c) ½ (d) none of these

42. The value of log825 given log 2 = 0.3010 is

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 1.5482 (d) none of these

43. Show that reduces to

(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) None

44. Show that is given by

(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) 3

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

45. On simplification would reduces to

(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) 2

46. If prove that 5x3-15x is given by

(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (d) 30

47. On simplification reduces to

(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) None

48. On simplification reduces to

(a) x-2a3 (b) x2a3 (c) (d)

49. If then the value of a3 +3a-2 is

(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 1

50. If then the value of a3 + a-3 - 5a2 - 5a-2 - a + a-1 is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) - 1

51.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) -1

52. If the value of abc is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None

53. If logc the value of a4-bc is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None

54. If the value of a3 b2 c is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None

55. If then the value if z is given by

(a) abc (b) a+b+c (c) a(b+c) (d) (a+b)c

57
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

56.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 3

57. If (4.8)x = (0.48)y = 1,000 then the value of is

(a) 3 (b) -3 (c) 1/3 (d) -1/3

58. If x2a-3y2a = x6-a y5a then the value of alog is

(a) 3 log x (b) log x (c) 6 log x (d) 5 log x

58
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

HOMEWORK SOLUTION

1. (c)

2. (c) 2

3. (c) 4

4. (b) 2

5. (a)

6. (a) 1

7. (b) A positive integer

= 22
=4

8. (d) 3xy2 None of these

9. (b) 1 Cyclical terms (in power)

10. (c) 1

11. (d) 1

59
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

12. (c) 2° =

13. (b) 0




xyz = 1


\p+q+r=0

14. (d)

15. (a)

16. (c) 2

=2

17. (a)

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

18. (b) log 30

log (6 × 5) = log 30

19. (c) 3
log2 8 = log2 23 = 3 log2 2 = 3

20. (b) log 32 – log 4

21. (a) log 1 + log 2 + log 3

22. (b) 4
log0.1 0.0001 = log0.1 (0.1)4 = 4 log0.1 0.1 = 4

23. (b) 9
Log x2 = log 34
\ X2 = 34
\ X = 32 = 9
24. (a) 12

25. (c) 6

=6

26. (c) -2

= -2

27. (d) None of these trial and error

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

28. (c) 0.7781

29. (c) 1
log2 log2 log2 16 = log2 log2 log2 24
= log2 log2 4
= log2 log2 22
= log2 2
=1
30. (a)

31. (c)
log x + log y = log (x + y)
\ log (xy) = log (x + y)
\ xy = x + y
\ xy - y = x
\ y (x -1) = x

32. (c) 0
log2 [log2 {log3 (log3 273)}]
= log2 [log2 {log3 (log3 (33)3)}]
= log2 [log2 {log3 9}]
= log2 [log2 2]
= log2 1

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

33. (a) 8
Log2 x + log4 x + log16x =

34. (b) x+y+1
log10 60 = log10 (2 x 3 x 10)
= log 2 + log 3 + log 10
=x+y+1

35. (c) 2x + y - 1
log10 12 = log10
= log 12 - log 10
= log (2 x 2 x 3) - log 10
= log 2 + log 2 + log 3 - log 10
=x+x+y–1
= 2x + y - 1

36. (a) 1 – m + 3n
log = log 10 + log x - log y2
= log 10 + log x - 2 log y
= 1 + m + n – 2 (m - n)
= 1 + m + n – 2m - 2n
= 1 – m + 3n

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

37. (c) 2
2log105 + log108 - log104
= log1052 + log108 - log104

= log10100
=2

38. (b) log x

= log [1 – {1 – (1 – x2)-1}-1]

= log x

39. (a) log 3

= log 3

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

40. (c) 1
The value of (logba x logcb x logac)

= (1)3
=1

41. (d) 4

=4

42. (c) 1.5482

43.

65
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

44. S.T

= x (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)
. x (b – c) (b2 + bc + c2) . x (c – a) (c2 + ac + a2)
= x a3 – b3
x b3 – c3 . x c3 – a3
= x a3 – b3 + b3 – c3 + c3 – a3

= x° = 1

45. on simplification
Multiply 1st term by Z–a (both no and Dr.)
2nd term by Z–b (_____,______)
3rd term by Z–c (_____,______)

46. find 5x3 – 15x = ?

[ Cubing on the sides]

\5x3 – 15 x = 26

66
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

47. d. Cr. Simplification,

48.

49.

67
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

50.

51.

M-II

68
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

52.

log a = k (y - z)
log b = k (z - x)
log c = k (x - y)
log a + log b + log c = 0
log abc = 0 = log 1
\ abc = 1
Hence, x, y, z are in cyclic order, \their sums is 0
M-II
log10 abc = 0
10o = abc = 1

53. a4 – bc = ?

=0

54.

69
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

55.
logt a + logt b + logt c = logt z
logt abc = logt z
abc = z

56. L = 1 + logabc
M = 1 + logbac
M = 1 + logcab
M- I
Take, a = 2 ; b = 22 ; c = 23 = 8
L = 1 + log232 = 1 + 5 log22 = 6
M = 1 + log416 = 1 + 2 = 3
N = 1 + log88 = 1 + 1 = 2

=1–1=0
M- II
Let a = b = c
L = 1 + logabc = 1 + logaa2 = 1 + 2 = 3
M = 3 ; N = 3.

70
 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

57. (4.8)x = (0.48)y = 1,000

(4.8)x = (0.48)y = (10)3

(4.8)x = 103 ; (0.48)y = 103

4.8 = ; 0.48 =

58.

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

Self Assessment Test 1

Ratio, Proportion and Mixtures
30 Question, 30 Marks

1. The ratio of A to B is 4 : 5 and that of C to B is 3 : 2. If A = 800, C = ?

a) 1000 b) 1200 c) 1500 d) 2000

2. Three numbers A, B and C are in the ratio 1 / 2 : 2 / 3 : 3 / 4. The difference between

the greatest and the smallest number is 36. Find A.
a) 60 b) 72 c) 84 d) None of the above

3. Ratio of land and water on earth is 1 : 2. In northern hemisphere, the ratio is 2 : 3.

What is the ratio in the southern hemisphere?
a) 3 : 11 b) 2 : 11 c) 4 : 11 d) 5 : 11

4. The ratio of copper and zinc in a 63 kg alloy is 4 : 3. Some amount of copper is

extracted from the alloy and the ratio becomes 10 : 9. How much copper is extracted?
a) 6 kg b) 8 kg c) 12 kg d) 10 kg

5. A bag contains Rs. 55 in the denominations of Re 1, 50 paise and 25 paise coins. The
coins are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3. Find the number of 50 paise coins.
a) 15 b) 30 c) 40 d) 45

6. A person cover certain distance by train, bus and car in the ratio 4 : 3 : 2. The ratio
of fare is 1 : 2 : 4 per km. The total expenditure as fare is Rs. 720. Find the total
expenditure as fare on train.
a) Rs. 140 b) Rs. 150 c) Rs. 160 d) Rs. 170

7. The ratio of the expenditure of A, B and C are 16 : 12 : 9 respectively and their

savings are 20%, 25% and 40% of their incomes. If the sum of their income is Rs.
15,300; find B’s salary.
a) Rs. 4800 b) Rs. 5000 c) Rs. 4900 d) Rs. 5100

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

8. One year ago, the ratio between A and B salary was 3 : 5. The ratio of their individual
salaries of last year and present year are 2 : 3 and 4 : 5 respectively. If their total
salary for the present year is Rs. 4300, find the present salary of A.
a) Rs. 1200 b) Rs. 1800 c) Rs. 1600 d) Can’t be determined

9. The income of A and B is in the ratio 5 : 3. The expenses of A, B and C are in the ratio
8 : 5 : 2. If C spends Rs. 2000 and B saves Rs. 700, then how much did A saves?
a) Rs. 500 b) Rs. 1500 c) Rs. 1000 d) Rs. 250

10. The ratio of total amount distributed in all the males and females as salary is 6 : 5.
The ratio of salary of each male and female is 2 : 3. Find the ratio of the number of
male and female.
a) 5 : 9 b) 5 : 7 c) 9 : 5 d) 7 : 5

11. Rs. 56000 is to be divided among A, B, C and D in such a way that the ratio of share
of A : B is 1 : 2, B : C is 3 : 1 and C : D is 2 : 3. Find the sum of share of A & C and B
& C.
a) Rs. 24000, Rs. 30000 b) Rs. 20000, Rs. 32000
c) Rs. 24000, Rs. 32000 d) Rs. 20000, Rs. 30000

12. A, B and C works on a project for 30, 50 and 60 days respectively. The ratio of the
salary of each day is 4 : 3 : 2 respectively. If the total amount received by A is Rs.
14,400, find total amount received by B.
a) Rs. 18000 b) Rs. 19000 c) Rs. 18500 d) Rs. 19500

13. Two numbers are in the ratio 4 : 5. If each number is reduced by 25, the ratio
becomes 3 : 4. Find the second number.
a) 120 b) 130 c) 125 d) 135

14. The price of gold is directly proportional to square of its weight. A person broke
down the gold in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1 and faces a loss of Rs. 46,200. Find the initial
price of the gold.
a) Rs. 75,200 b) Rs. 75,400 c) Rs. 75,300 d) Rs. 75,600

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

15. Rs. 78,000 is distributed among A, B and C such that the share of A = 3 / 4 share of
B and share of B = 2 / 3 of the share of C. What is the difference between the shares
of B and C?
a) Rs. 9000 b) Rs. 10000 c) Rs. 11000 d) Rs. 12000

16. A dog chases a rabbit. The dog takes 6 leaps for every 7 leaps of the rabbit. The
rabbit takes 6 leaps for every 5 leaps of the dog. What is the ratio of speed of dog
and rabbit?
a) 36 : 35 b) 36 : 40 c) 35 : 36 d) None of the above

17. A mixture contains milk and water in the ratio of 4 : 3 respectively. If 6 litres of water
is added to this mixture, the respective ratio of water and milk becomes 7 : 8. What
is the quantity of milk in the original mixture?
a) 96 litres b) 84 litres c) 36 litres d) 48 litres

18. There are X members in a club, whose average age is 26 years. 3 more persons join
them at the 35th Annual General Meeting, and thus the average age of members
now increases by 1 year. If the average age of 3 new members joining at the 35th
AGM is 29 years, find X.
a) 6 b) 7 c) 8 d) None of the above

19. If the ratio of volume of two cubes with Amit and Ajay is 125 : 8, then find the ratio
of the total surface area of the cubes with Ajay and Amit.
a) 25 : 4 b) 4 : 25 c) 5 : 2 d) 2:5

20. Mr. Azon divides $ 51,300 among his four partners A, B, C and D such that 3 times
A’s share = 4 times B’s share = 5 times C’s share = 6 times D’s share. What is the
share of B?
a) $ 11,000 b) $ 13,500 c) $ 15,300 d) $ 12,350

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

EXPLANATORY
ANSWERS
1. A:B=4:5
B:C=2:3
A : B : C = 8 : 10 : 15
C = 800/8 * 15 = 1500
Option C

2. A:B:C=1/2:2/3:3/4=6:8:9
9x – 6x = 3x = 36; x = 12
A = 6 * 12 = 72
Option B

3. Let total = 300. At earth, Land = 100, Water = 200

In northern hemisphere = 150, Land = 150 * 2/5 = 60, Water = 90
In southern hemisphere: Land = 100 – 60 = 40, Water = 200 – 90 = 110
Ratio = 40 : 110 = 4 : 11
Option C

4. Alloy: Copper = 4/7 * 63 = 36; Zinc = 3/7 * 63 = 27

(36 – X) / 27 = 10 / 9
36 – X = 30; X = 6
Option A

5. X + (2X)*1/2 + (3X)*1/4 = 55
11X/4 = 55
X = 20
No. of 50 paise coins = 2X = 40
Option C

6. 4x * 1 + 3x * 2 + 2x * 4 = 18x = 720; x = 40
Fare expenditure on train = 4 * 40 = 160; Option C

7. Expenditure = 100% - Savings%

16x/80% + 12X/75% + 9X/60% = 20x + 16x + 15x = 51x = 15300; x = 300
B’s income = 16 * 300 = 4800; Option A

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

8. One year ago = 3x, 5x

Present salary = (3x)3/2 : (5x)5/4 = 18 : 25
A’s present salary = 18/43 * 4300 = 1800; Option B

9. Income = 5x, 3x
Expenses = 8y, 5y, 2y
2y = 2000; y = 1000
3x – 5000 = 700; x = 1900
A saves = (5 * 1900) – (8 * 1000) = 9500 – 8000 = 1500
Option B

10. Person = Total salary/Salary per person

M : F = 6/2 : 5/3 = 9 : 5
Option C

11. A : B = 1 : 2
B:C=3:1
C:D=2:3
A : B : C : D = 6 : 12 : 4 : 6 = 3 : 6 : 2 : 3
A & C = 5/14 * 56000 = 20000
B & C = 8/14 * 56000 = 32000
Option B

12. 30x(4) + 50x(3) + 60x(2) = 390x

120x = 14400; x = 120
B’s amount = 150x = 150 * 120 = 18000
Option A

13. (4x – 25) : (5x – 25) = 3 / 4

16x – 100 = 15x – 75
Or, x = 25
Second number = 5 * 25 = 125
Option C

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 CA FOUNDATION - MATHEMATICS

14. P = k.w2
New P = k (9 + 4 + 1) = 14k
Old P = k(6)2 = 36k
Loss = 36k – 14k = 22k = 46200; k = 2100
Old P = 36 * 2100 = 75600; Option D

15. A : B = 3 : 4
B:C=2:3
A : B : C = 6 : 8 : 12
6x + 8x + 12x = 78000; x = 78000 / 26 = 3000
B – C difference = 4 * 3000 = 12000
Option D

16. 1 leap of dog = 1 units

6 leaps of dog = 6 units = 7 leaps of rabbit; 1 leap of rabbit = 6/7 units
In a given time: 6 rabbit = 5 dog; 6(6/7) : 5 (1) = 36 : 35
Speed of dog and rabbit = 35 : 36
Option C

17. 3x/7 + 6 = 7/15 (x + 6)

45x + 630 = 49x + 294
4x = 336, x = 84
Milk in original mixture = 4/7 * 84 = 48
Option D

18. Total age of 26 members = 26X

Total age of 29 members = 26X + (29x3) = 27(X + 3)
26X + 87 = 27X + 81
X=6
Option A

19. Amit : Ajay

V = 125 : 8
Side = 5 : 2
Total Surface = 25 : 4
Option B

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20. A : B : C : D = 1 / 3 : 1 / 4 : 1 / 5 : 1 / 6 = 120 : 90 : 72 : 60
B’s share = 90 / 342 * 51300 = 13500
Option B

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Self Assessment Test 2

Surds, Indices & Logarithms
30 Question, 30 Marks

1. The value of is:

a) 6 b) 5 c) 3 d) None of these

2. If 8x = 4y, what is the value of K(3x – 2y)?

a) K b) K2 c) 0 d) 1

3. If X = log2log3log2512; find the value of (X – 1)!

a) 1 b) 4 c) 6 d) 24

4. If , find the value of x.

a) 3 b) 4 c) 7 d) 9

5. If log 2 = 0.30103; then find the number of digits in 2510

a) 13 b) 15 c) 14 d) 25

6. Find the value of 91/3.91/9.91/27.91/81.

a) 3 b) 9 c) 81 d) None of the above

7. If X = cube root of 2, Y = 6th root of 3, Z = 9th root of 4; then which of the following
is true?
a) X = Y = Z b) X > Y > Z c) X < Y < Z d) X = Y < Z

8. If (AB)1/2 = 6 and A & B are positive integers, then which of the following could not
be a value of C = (A – B)?
a) 0 b) 5 c) 8 d) 9

9. If x = 3 + (8)1/2, then what is the value of x4 + x-4?

a) 1154 b) 1145 c) 1164 d) 1146

10. If az = by = cx and b2 = ca, then find the value of y(x + z).

a) 2 b) 2xz c) xz d) None of these

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11. If , then which of the following is true?

a) a + b = 49 b) a2 + b2 = 47ab
c) a2 – b2 = 49ab d) None of these

12. Given X = , find the value of (2X – 1).

a) 4 b) 1 c) 0 d) – 1

13. If , then the value of is equal to:

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) None of the above

14. If X = 3√2 + 7√8 + √27 + 5√3. Find X.

a) 17√2 + √3 b) 17√2 + 8√3
c) 15√2 + 8√3 d) None of the above

15. Given . The value of x is:

a) 1 b) 331/5 c) 263/20 d) 17/21

16. If a : b = 3 : -1, find

a) 1 b) 3 c) – 3 d) None of the above

17. If , find the value of x.

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

18. is equal to which of the following?

a) (x + 1) b) (x + 1)-1
c) x(x + 1)-1 d) None of the above

19. If ; then find the value of .

a) 1 b) 2 c) 1.5 d) None of the above

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20. If ( x + x-1 ) = 3, then the value of ( x6 + x-6 ) is

a) 927 b) 364 c) 414 d) 322

21. Which of the following relations is true?

√4 + √3 < √5 + √2
a)
√4 + √3 = √5 + √2
b)
√4 + √3 > √5 + √2
c)
d) None of the above is true

22. The expression simplifies to:

a) (y – 1) b) (y – 7)
c) (y – 2) d) (y – 7)-1

23. If and , then find the value of

a) 13/15 b) 15/13
c) 2/13 d) 11/13

24. Find the value of

√6 + √2 b)
a) √6 + √5
√5 + √2
c) d) None of the above

25. If X = 3 log5 + 2 log4 – log2, Find the value of (X + 3).

a) 0 b) 6 c) 3 d) None of the above

26. If logX = log1.5 + log12, Find the value of X/3.

a) 0 b) 6 c) 3 d) None of the above

27. Find the value of X, if: Log (X – 13) + 3 Log2 = Log(3X + 1).
a) 21 b) 22 c) 20 d) 24

28. If log3 = 0.4771, find the value of log(0.81)2 * log(27/10)2/3 ÷ log9.

a) 2.702 b) – 0.0552 c) 2.2402 d) – 2.689

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29. E = . Find the value of (E – 3).

a) 0 b) 1 c) – 1 d) None of the above

30. If find the value of x.

a) 13 b) 45 c) 50 d) 65

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EXPLANATORY
ANSWERS

1. 30 = 6*5. If A = K(K +1) and you find “+” sign in it, answer is always (k + 1). Option A

2. 8x = 4y
3x = 2y
(3x – 2y) = 0. K0 = 1; Option D

3. X = log2log3log2512
= log2log3log2(2)9
= log2log39
= log2log3(3)2
= log22 = 1
(X – 1)! = 0! = 1; Option A

4.

x = 7; Option C

5. X = 2510
LogX = 10Log25 = 20Log5 = 20(1 – Log2) = 20(1 – 0.30103) = 13.97
Characteristics of LogX = 13
Thus number of digits in X = C + 1 = 13 + 1 = 14; Option C

6. 91/3.91/9.91/27.91/81.
= 91/3+1/9+1/27+1/81 = 940/81 = 380/81
Option D

7. X = 21/3 = 26/18 = 641/18

Y = 31/6 = 33/18 = 271/18
Z = 41/9 = 42/18 = 161/18
X > Y > Z. Option B

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8. AB = 36. Possible pairs (1, 36) (2, 18) (3, 12) (4, 9) (6, 6)
C = |A – B| = 35, 16, 9, 5, 0
Option C

9. X = 3 + √8
X-1 = (3 - √8)/(9-8) = 3 - √8
X + X-1 = 6
X2 + X-2 = 36 – 2 = 34
X4 + X-4 = 342 – 2 = 1156 – 2 = 1154
Option A

10. Az = By = Cx = K
K2/y = K1/z+1/x
2xz = y(x + z); Option B

11.

a2 + b2 + 2ab = 49ab; Option B

12.

(2X – 1) = 0. Option C

13.

Option C

14.
Option B

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15.

20x – 60 = 203; x = 263/20. Option C

16. a : b = 3 : -1 find

17.

18.

Option C

19.

Option B

20. x + x-1 = 3
x2 + x-2 = 9 – 2 = 7
x3 + x-3 = (3)(7-1) = 18
x6 + x-6 = 182 – 2 = 324 – 2 = 322. Option D

21. 2 + √3 = 2 + 1.732 = 3.732

√5 + √2 = 2.23 + 1.41 = 3.64
Option C

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22.
Option C

23.

Option B

24.

Option D

25. X = Log(5*5*5*16/2) = Log(1000) = 3

(X + 3) = 3 + 3 = 6. Option B

26. LogX = Log(1.5*12) = Log18.

X = 18. X/3 = 18/3 = 6. Option B

27. (X – 13).8 = (3X + 1)

8X – 104 = 3x + 1; 5X = 105; X = 21. Option A

28.

= (3.8168 – 4) (0.9542 – 0.6667)(1/0.9542) = (- 0.1832)(0.2875)/(0.9542) = - 0.0552
Option B

29. E=
(E – 3) = (2 – 3) = - 1
Option C

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30.

x = 13
Option A

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