World Health Organization
(WHO)
Presented By
Hari Prasad Kafle
I D # 07MPH003
FHMS; AAIDU
Introduction
World Health Organization is established in 7th
April 1948.
It is a specialized, non-political, health agency of
United Nation with headquarter of Geneva,
Switzerland.
It is responsible for providing leadership on global
health matters.
Every year 7th April, is celebrated as “World
Health Day”
Vision
“The attainment by all people
the highest level of health”
Mission
“To lead strategic collaborative efforts
among Member States and other
partners to promote equity in health,
to combat disease, and to improve
the quality of, and lengthen, the lives
of the all peoples of the world.”
Organizational Structure
World
Health
Assembly
Executive Board
Secretariat
Regions (6)
Member Countries (193)
World Health Assembly
It is the Supreme governing body of the
organization.
It meets annually generally in the month of
May and in headquarter Geneva.
Main functions of assembly are:
To determine international health policy and
program
To review the work of past year.
To approve the budget.
To elect member state to designate a person to serve
for 3 year on executive board.
Executive Board
The board composed of at least 18 members.
Now there are 34 members.
At least 3 members elected from each region.
They are composed of Technically qualified persons
in the field of Health.
The board meets at least twice a year.
The main function of board is to give effect to the
decisions and policies of the assembly.
It has also power to take action in an emergency such
as epidemics, earthquakes, floods etc.
Secretariat
Secretariat is Headed by the Director
General who is the chief of technical and
administrative officer of the organization.
There are 5 assistant Director General
and there responsibility is assigned by
DG in different Divisions.
WHO Secretariat is composed of 14
different divisions:
Divisions of Secretariat
1. Epidemiological surveillance and
health situation and trend
assessment
2. Communicable Disease
3. Vector biology and control
4. Environmental Health
5. Public information and education
for health
6. Diagnostic, therapeutic and
rehabilitative technology
Divisions of Secretariat
7. Mental health
8. Strengthening of health services
9. Family health
10. Non communicable disease
11. Health manpower development
12. Information system supports
13. Personal and general services
14. Budget and finance
WHO Regions
Regions Headquarters
South East Asia New Delhi (India)
Africa Brazzaville (Congo)
American Washington DC (U.S.A.)
Europe Copenhagen (Denmark)
Eastern Mediterranean Alexandria (Egypt)
Western Pacific Manila (Philippines)
WHO
WHO Regions
Regions
EUR
N
WPR
EMR
AMR
SEAR
AFR
S
Member States
193 Member states among which 191
Members and 2 Associate members;
Niue and the Cook Islands.
All UN Member states except 2 Non
UN members States; Liechtenstein
and Switzerland.
Main Working Areas
1. Prevention and control of specific
disease
2. Development of comprehensive
health services
3. Family health
4. Environmental health
5. Health statistics
6. Bio-medical researches
7. Health literatures and information
8. Cooperation with other organizations
Global Health Situation
Indicators EUR AMR WP SEAR EMR AFR Global
R
Total Population “000” 8932 88633 1751 15655 53800 7380 64636
(05) 00 4 457 29 1 83 05
Annual population 0.2 1.3 0.9 1.6 2.2 2.4 1.3
growth rate (2005)
Life expectancy at birth 69 72 71 62 62 48 64
Male (2005)
Life expectancy at birth 77 77 75 65 64 50 68
Female (2005)
MMR/ lakh live birth (00) 39 140 80 460 460 910 400
Global Health Situation
Indicators EUR AMR WPR SEAR EMR AFR Global
IMR/1000 live birth 16 20 23 51 66 99 51
(2005)
U5MR/1000live birth 19 24 28 68 90 165 74
(2005)
Immunization Cov. 93 92 87 65 82 65 77
(2005)
Birth attended by SHP 95 91 81 49 53 44 63
CPR 68.3 72.0 84.7 51.5 39.9 23.7 61.9
TFR/women 1.6 2.3 1.8 2.8 3.7 5.2 2.6
WHO Priorities
1. Providing support to countries in moving to universal coverage
with effective public health interventions;
2. Strengthening global health security;
3. Generating and sustaining action across sectors to modify the
behavioural, social, economic and environmental determinants
of health;
4. Increasing institutional capacities to deliver core public health
functions under the strengthened governance of ministries of
health;
5. Strengthening WHO’s leadership at global and regional levels
and supporting the work of governments at country level.
6. Implementing the Eleventh General Programme of Work
Role in Public Health
Providing leadership on matters critical to health
and engaging in partnerships where joint action
is needed;
Shaping the research agenda and stimulating
the generation, translation and dissemination of
valuable knowledge;
Setting norms and standards and promoting and
monitoring their implementation;
Role in Public Health
Articulating ethical and evidence-based
policy options;
Providing technical support, catalyzing
change, and building sustainable
institutional capacity; and
Monitoring the health situation and
assessing health trends.
Future Targets
Public Health Target Date
Area
Poliomyelitis Global interruption of transmission of poliomyelitis, 2009
except Nigeria
Interruption of transmission poliomyelitis in Nigeria 2010
Measles Measles Reduce the number of measles deaths 2010
worldwide by 90% compared to 2000 level
Immunization Ensure full immunization of children under one year of 2015
age, at 90% coverage nationally, with at least 80%
coverage in every district or equivalent unit
Reproductive Achieve universal access to sexual and reproductive 2015
health health
Future Targets
Public Health Target Date
Area
Avoidable Reduce blindness prevalence to less than 0.5% in all 2015
blindness countries, or less than 1%in any country
Chronic Disease Reduce death rates from all chronic diseases by 2015
2% per year during the next ten years
Influenza Vaccination coverage of the elderly population of at 2010
least 75%
Iodine Universal salt iodization for the elimination of 2015
deficiency iodine deficiency disorders
Future Targets
Public Health Target Date
Area
Nutrition Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger 2015
Child mortality Reduce by two-thirds the under-five mortality 2015
Maternal health Reduce by three-quarters the maternal mortality ratio 2015
HIV/AIDS, Halted and begun to reverse the spread of HIV and 2015
malaria & TB the incidence of malaria, tuberculosis and other major disease
Environment Halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe 201
drinking water and sanitation
Development In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access 2015
to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries
Major Achievements
Small Pox Eradication
Alma Ata Conference: Concept of PHC
Global strategy for Health for all by 2000
Millennium Development Goals
Comparative Advantages
Neutral Organization to all member state.
Nearly universal membership.
Global presence and Networking.
No parallel Organization in tackling diseases.
Large no. of Expertise in all health issues.
Strong coordination and convincing ability.
Strong fund collecting ability
Global cooperation, collaboration and investment
Major Challenges
Investing in health to reduce poverty.
Building individual and global health security.
Promoting universal coverage, gender equality and health-
related human rights.
Tackling the determinants of health.
Strengthening health systems and equitable access.
Harnessing knowledge, science and technology.
Strengthening governance, leadership and accountability.
Emerging Health problems.
Statement of
Director General
“I want my leadership to be judged by the impact of
our work on the health of two populations: women and
the people of Africa. ”
- Dr Margaret Chan
Director General
WHO; Geneva, Switzerland
Conclusion
“Although WHO has both opportunities
and challenges; Its contribution is great to
increase the quality of live and living
standard globally.”
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