Amla Cultivation Project Report, Economics Guide
Amla Cultivation Project Report, Economics Guide
Amla or the Indian gooseberry is also known by many names such as Aonla, Amlaki,
Emblica etc. Botanically Amla is referred to as Phyllanthus Emblica and is deciduous in
nature. In India this plant is considered both medicinal and sacred. This edible fruit is
exclusively popular in the East and is used in Ayurveda for the preparation of
medicines. This plant is grown in the Indian Sub-continent, China, Taiwan, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Thailand, Srilanka, Costa Rica and Reunion Island.
In India, the Amla tree is cultivated in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. The total area under Amla
production is about 50,000 hectares with an annual production of about 2 lakh tonnes
of fruit.
Amla tree is believed to have originated from tropical South-eastern Asia. It grows in
dry, hot, deciduous and moist forest areas. The plant can be grown at altitudes of 2000
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m above sea level.
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The fruit of tree tastes sour and astringent initially, but has a sweet, pungent and bitter
secondary taste. The fruit is smooth and hard with depression at the poles. The
diameter of the fruit is 1-5 cm and the flesh is acidulous. The colour of the fruit is
yellowish-green or greenish-yellow upon ripening. The skin of the fruit is thin and
translucent. The skin is firmly attached to the pulp and has 6 striations extending from
base to apex. The weight of the fruit is generally 15 to 50 g. The stone within the fruit is
tightly set in the centre. The stone is six ribbed and is enclosed with fleshy pericarp and
is enclosed by two hard trigonous seeds. The seed weighs around 0.4 to 2 g.
Custard
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Amla
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Varieties of Amla
There are different varieties of Amla available around the world. In India, the cultivars
are differentiated on the basis of their maturity period. The varieties like Banarasi,
Krishna and balwant mature early during the months of October-November; Francis,
Kanchan and Amrit are considered medium maturing variety obtained during
November- December; Neelam, BSR-1 and Chakaiya mature during the months of
December-January. Other varieties of Amla found in India are BGK-1, Faizabad,
Gujarat Amla-1, Anand-1,2,3, NA-8, 9,18, Mehrun, dongri, agrabold, modibagh etc.
Among the above mentioned varieties, kanchan and balwant are most suited for rain-
fed areas; whereas banarsi, kanchan, BSR-1 amrit, neelam, balwant, chakaiya are
suitable for saline or acidic soil types conditions.
Amla trees need sandy loam to clay type of soil with a typical pH range of 6.5 to 9.5.
The soil for Amla cultivation should be well drained, fertile and deep. The cultivation of
Amla is not possible in waterlogged, heavy and sandy type of soils.
Amla plants are propagated through budded seedlings, grafts or wood cuttings; the
success rate is around 60-90%. Since there is low availability of shoots, inarching is not
practiced. The scion sticks of about 8 to 10 cm thickness with 4 to 6 activated buds
from softwood branches are generally selected for grafting to obtain 95% success.
Depending on the rootstock thickness and age, grafting is done 2-15 cm above the
collar region. Budding or grafting is done in nurseries or on farm lands and sprouting
starts in 10-30 days. Dry and rain fed regions also practice in situ grafting on the farm
grown rootstocks.
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If in case there is boron deficiency, 0.6% borax is sprayed over the plants to prevent
fruit necrosis. To improve plant growth and proper fruit development, nitrogen,
potassium, calcium, zinc, copper and calcium nitrate are sprayed over the plants.
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The above mentioned fungal diseases are controlled by using 1% Bordeaux mixture,
0.3% mancozeb, 0.1% carbendazim and 0.3% copper oxychloride. Natural beneficial
enemies are used like cheilmenes, cotesia ruficrus, charops obtusus etc control the
spread of aphids and sucking pests. Spiders feed on mealy bugs.
Intercultural activities
Immature Amla is harvested for tanning purposes. Harvesting is done manually using
bamboo ladders or harvesters. Sometimes fruits are also harvested by shaking the tree
such that the fruit are collected on the ground, where a plastic or canvas sheet is
spread. Each cultivar has a different harvesting season and yield characteristics.
Normally an Amla tree has the capability to produce 300 kg of fruits. The observed yield
from a farm of 156 plants with a spacing of 8 x 8 m is approximately 46.8 tonnes per
hectare and similarly, a farm of 494 plants yields 149 tonnes per hectare. In the rain-
fed, arid and semiarid regions the yield from each plant is 25 to 50 kgs. With better
management practices it reaches up to 50-70 kgs per tree.
Plantation period:
This depends on the type of intercropping activities during that period. Pea and moong
are generally intercropped with Amla plants.
Material Investment in Rs
Irrigation 5,000.00
If drip irrigation is being used in the farm, then the installation charges for the drip
system could be around 50,000 to 75,000.
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Total Investment for farming is:
The total yield from the farm is: 150 quintals (15000 kgs) approximately.
Total income from the farm in the 6th to 12th year of farming is: total yield x cost per
each unit
= Rs 3, 75,000.
Profit from the farm is approximately around 1.25 lakhs to 2 lakhs on the total
investment structure because the Amla plants bear fruits (commercial production) only
after 6 years of planting.
Some varieties of Amla such as the NA 7, Krishna and Chakia are suitable for high
density planting i.e. the spacing within the plants is maintained at 3 x 3 m with a
hexagonal or triangular method of planting. This way can accommodate approximately
around 1200 plants within a hectare of land. Young Amla plants are protected by
growing some shade tolerant medicinal plants such as the Gulmeg and Keelanelli until
the Amla plants attain economic bearing age.
Loans and subsidies are available for Amla farming depending on the size of the farm
and the production profile. NABARD and National Horticulture Board websites can be
utilized for getting more information on the amount of loan and subsidy available for the
farming.
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