BAHASA INGGRIS

Direct and Indirect Speech

Ns. Intan Asri N, M.Kep. Sp.Kep.Kom.

PROGRAM STUDI KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU-ILMU KESEHATAN
Purpose of the study
In the end of the learning process, you are able to :
•Membuat kalimat dalam bentuk direct and indirect speech.
•Mengetahui fomula dari direct and indirect speech
What is DIRECT and INDIRECT ?

 Direct ialah kalimat langsung, artinya kalimat dialog

yang digunakan seseorang saat berbicara langsung
dengan orang lain.

 Indirect ialah kalimat tidak langsung, artinya kalimat

dialog yang sudah terjadi di masa lampau kemudian
diceritakan kembali pada oranglain.
Example :
Apa perbedaan paling utama yang bisa kalian tebak dari dua
speech ini?
Contoh 1
 Direct speech : The nurse said, “I want to help you.”
 Indirect speech : The nurse said that she wanted to help me.
Contoh 2
 Direct speech : Doctor said, “I made you a recipe.”
 Indirect speech : Doctor said that she had made me a recipe.
Contoh 3
 Direct speech : She said,”I’m going to the ward.”
 Indirect speech : She said that she was going to the ward.
Perbedaan paling utama ialah :

 Direct Speech/kalimat langsung

1. Selalu menggunakan tanda kutipan (“).

2. Kata langsung oleh pembicara selalu juga
dipisahkan dengan tanda baca koma (,).

 Indirect Speech/kalimat tak langsung

1. Tanda baca koma(,) dan kutipan (”) hilang

digantikan kata “that”.
2. Kata “that” sangat berguna untuk membantu
berlangsungnya kalimat.
 Peraturan Dasar untuk Indirect Speech
1. Selalu ada penggunaan tanda baca koma dan tanda kutipan antara pembicara dengan
yang dibicarakan.

2. Selalu menggunakan kata “that.”

3. Ada perubahan jenis kalimat (lihat rumus berikut ini)

4. Ada perubahan subjek.

5. Ada perubahan waktu.

There are some changes in the use of
preposition and time indicator as follows :
DIRECT (TIME) INDIRECT(TIME)
1. Here 1. Theres
2. This 2. That
3. These 3. those
4. Now 4. Then
5. Today 5. That day
6. Yesterday 6. The day before, the previous day
7. Tommorow 7. The following day, the next day, the day after
8. Last 8. The previous
9. Ago 9. Before
10.next 10.The following
IMPERATIVE(PERINTAH)
DIRECT INDIRECT
1. Father “Clean the floor!” 1. Father asked me to clean the
2. Soya, “Be careful !” floor.
2. Soya asked to be careful.
1. Teacher, “ Don’t be Late!” 1. Teacher asked me not to be late.
2. Gery, “Don’t tear the book!” 2. Gery asked me not to tear the
book.
QUESTION
DIRECT INDIRECT
1. Ratna, “ Are you a nurse?” 1. Ratna asked if/whether I was a nurse.
2. Heru, “Do you like soto ayam?” 2. Heru asked if I like soto ayam.
3. Mike, “Can you swim?” 3. Mike asked if I could swim.

1. Josh,”where are you from?” 1. Josh asked where I was from.

2. Yahya,”What do you buy last night?” 2. Yahya asked what I bought the night
before.
 Direct speech Indirect speech
Present Simple to Past SImple

F He said.”I study Nursing”.

The head nurse said,”We work so
He said that he studied Nursing.
The head nurse said that they
O hard”. worked so hard
Present continous to past continuos
R She said,” I’m waiting for the
medicine”.
She said that she was waiting for her
medicine.

M Jimmy said,”They are studying

Biology”.
Jimmy said that they are were
studying Biology.

U Present Perfect to Past Perfect

Debora said,”I have completed the Debora said that she had completed
L morning shift”.
She said,”I have met the doctor”.
the morning shift.
She said that she had met the doctor.

A Present Perfect Continuous to Past Perfect Continous

They said,”We have been waiting in They said that they had been waiting
the line for 3 hours”. in the line for 3 hours.
She said,”I have been working in the She said that she had been working
hospital” in the hospital
 Direct speech Indirect speech
Past Simple to Past Perfect

F He said,” I bought a new book”. He said that he had bought a new book.

O They said,”We went for a walk”. They said that they had gone for a walk.
Past Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous

R The patient said,”I were travelling to China last

week”.
The patient said that she had been travelling to
China last week.
M She said,”I was not taking any medicine yet”. She said that she had not been taking any
medicine yet.

U Past Perfect(Tidak berubah)

He said,” I had taken a covid-19 test”. He said that he had taken a covid-19 test.
L They said,”we had not received the test result”. They said that they had not received the test

A result.
Future simple Tense(will) to Would
Gary said,” I will go to the nursing station”. Gary said that he would go to the nursing station

She said,”I will start a social distancing” She said that she would start a social distancing.
F Direct speech Indirect speech
Future Continuous Tense(will be) to would be

O Jenny said,”I will be staying at home

for 2 weeks”.
Jenny said that she would be staying
at home for 2 weeks

R Tomi said,”I will be waiting for you at Tom said that he would be waiting
home”. for me at home.

M Future Perfect Tense(Will Have) to Would Have

Mom said,”I will have cleaned the Mom said that she would have

U house”.
Fifi said,”I will have called the
cleaned the house.
Fifi said that she would have called

L
hotline”. the hotline.

A
EXERCISE
1. Direct speech : She said,”I will go to the hospital”.
Indirect speech : a. She said that she would go to the hospital.
b. She said that “I will go to the hospital”.

2. Direct speech : Ray said,”I have completed the series”.

Indirect speech : a. Ray said that, he had completed the series.
b. Ray said that he had completed the series.

3. Direct speech : He said,”I work from 7a.m to 2 p.m ”.

Indirect speech : a. He said that”he woked from 7a.m to 2 p.m”.
b. He said that he worked from 7a.m to 2 p.m.
EXERCISE
4. Direct speech : They said,”we have been working in the
hospital for 4 years”.
Indirect speech : a. They said they had been working in the
hospital for 4 years
b. They said “they had been working in the
hospital for 4 years”.
5. Direct speech : The patient said,”We were travelling to China”.
Indirect speech : a. The patient said they had been travelling to
China.
b. The patient said, they have been travelling
to China