non-polar molecules (fats and
WATER AND ITS
oils) fully dissolved in water, they
PROPERTIES are referred as hydrophobic or
water-hating molecules
Water amphiphilic – compounds that
have both hydrophilic and
cover 71% of the planet’s surface hydrophobic components
only substance that exist in 3 states of ex. soap
matter (gas, solid, and liquid) - long, non-polar, aliphatic
inorganic, transparent, tasteless, tail (hydrophobic)
odorless and colorless chemical - ionic head (hydrophilic)
substance which constitute most of the
fluid of all known living organism. 2. Cohesion and Adhesion
Water molecule Cohesion - ability of the water molecules to
stick together
compose of 2 hydrogen(H) + 1 oxygen(O)
that are connected by covalent bond water molecules are cohesive
covalent bond – also called as molecular because they form strong
bond and it is a type of chemical bond hydrogen bond
that involve the sharing of electron pairs surface tension – surface of the
between atoms liquid is strong
chemical formula of water is H20 ex. of cohesion is the paper clip
polar molecule that stays on the top of water
has a region of positive charge and a
region of negative charge Adhesion – attraction of water molecules to
water molecule also binds to other water another molecule
molecule by hydrogen bonding capillary action – movement of
Water Composition of the Human Body liquid through narrow areas by the
attraction of liquid molecules to
Human body is proximately made up of solid molecules
60-70% of water.
3. High heat capacity
- 4% water loss leads to dehydration
capability of water molecule to
- 15% water loss leads to fatal absorb heat
large amount of heat is required to
Cell needs water increase its temperature
Example of biochemical processes inside the water – 4,184 joules of heat/1 kg of
cell or the body are cell division and cellular water/1 ℃
respiration copper – 385 joules of heat/1 kg of
water/1 ℃
Properties of Water specific heat capacity of water is 5x
1. Universal Solvent more than a sand
ability to dissolve
many kinds of 4. High heat vaporization
solute vaporization – transition of
excellent polarity of water molecule from the liquid phase to
molecules gas/vapor
molecules that are ionic (NaCI) water has an exceptionally high
and polar (EtOH) molecule heat of vaporization
dissolves easily in water, they are - substantial energy is needed to
referred as hydrophilic or water- break the hydrogen bonds
loving molecules
water – 2,260 joules per/gram
iron – 6,340 joules per/gram
evaporation cooling – water’s high
heat of vaporization is used by
human for cooling off
-sweat (90% water) absorbs
excess heat and evaporate in the
atmosphere
5. Density
the mass per unit volume of a
substance
why does ice floats in water?
- water molecules form crystalline
structure
- this takes 9% more space in
between the molecules making it
less dense
6. Ability to behave as both acid and base
water has ability to behave as both
acid and base
Acid Base
Acids are proton Bases are proton
donors/electron pair acceptors/electron
acceptors. pair donors.
Acids are able to Bases are able to
increase the H+ ion increase the OH- ion
concentration in an concentration in an
aqueous solution. aqueous solution.
Acids have a pH value Bases have a pH
<7. value >7.
Acids taste sour. Bases taste soapy.
autoionization
-
water + water ⟺ hydronium ion acidic+hydroxy ionbacis
