College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
Taibah University-KSA344
Prince Naif Bin AbdulAziz Road
Energy and Power Systems – ME476
(Section MA)
Project#1
Different Configurations of Wind Turbine
DUE DATE: 17/11/2020
STUDENT NAME: Alawy Yousef Fouly
ID: 3695932
(FALL SESSION- 2020)
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Table of contents:
Abstract:.........................................................................................................................................3
Introduction:..................................................................................................................................4
Design Configurations:..................................................................................................................5
Calculations:...................................................................................................................................6
MATLAB Code:.........................................................................................................................6
Results:............................................................................................................................................8
Plot Cp VS λ: Power efficiency vs Power coefficient ..............................................................9
Plot : Time VS Available Power:............................................................................................11
Plot: Wind Speed VS Available power..................................................................................13
Discussion:....................................................................................................................................15
Conclusion & Recommendations:..............................................................................................16
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Abstract:
Energy is a critical need in our life, so consideration about energy generation was
serios and firm. It was not only caring about generating huge amount of power, but
this power generated should also be clean and has no negative effect on the
environment. Renewable energy sources satisfy these conditions. Renewable
energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally
replenished, including sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat and
more. The energy resources which can be used to produce again and again are
known as renewable energy resources.
In this project we will focus on the wind energy and will simulate an example to it.
By measuring the speed of the wind at different times during day at the north east
side of university campus and recording the average number of revolutions of the
blade due to the wind strikes to its body. We will test the optimum configuration
according to our data to generate the highest power production. Simulation is
performed by using MATLAB to plot the results.
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Introduction:
Wind energy is an advanced trend in energy generation• Wind power is using the
energy of Wind, it has been used since ancient times to move ships, and for
hundreds of years to pump water or grind corn and grain into flour, now it is
usually changed into electricity using wind turbines. Wind power is good
renewable, clean and free source of energy for power production. Energy is
generated by using wind turbine. Wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic
energy from the wind into electric power. The first wind turbine used to produce
electric energy was created in 1888 by Charles F. Brush.
Figure 1: windmill components.
Here in our situation we will set a wind farm in Taibah University. The project engineers decided
to fix the wind-turbines on the mountain's side which locates on the north-east of the campus.
The wind speed was measured for various time
4
Design Configurations:
Two design will be taken for considerations: C & D
The calculations will be built on the given diameters. For four considerations in blades number.
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Calculations:
MATLAB Code:
cd
clc
clear all
T=[8 10 12 13 14 15 17 19]; % In 24 h
V=[10 12 15 16 20 18 19 14]; % wind speed In meter/second
N=[13 16 20 21 26 24 23 18]; % RPM
DC=151.9; % Diameter
AC=(pi*DC.^2)/4; % swept area
Dc=69.6; % Diameter
Ac=(pi*Dc.^2)/4; % swept area
DD=138.6 % Diameter
AD=(pi*DD.^2)/4; % swept area
Dd=91.2 % Diameter
Ad=(pi*Dd.^2)/4; % swept area
p=1; % density of air
TipC=(pi*DC*N)/60; % Tip Speed
Tipc=(pi*Dc*N)/60; % Tip Speed
LC=TipC./V;
Lc=Tipc./V;
lemdaC=max(LC) % maximum value of power coefficient
Lemdac=max(Lc) % maximum value of power coefficient
cpC2=0.42; % power efficiency factor
cpC3=0.41; % power efficiency factor
cpC4=0.36; % power efficiency factor
cpC5=0.31; % power efficiency factor
PC2=0.5*p*AC*V.^3*cpC2; % Available Power of Two Blades
PC3=0.5*p*AC*V.^3*cpC3; % Available Power of Three Blades
PC4=0.5*p*AC*V.^3*cpC4; % Available Power of Four Blades
PC5=0.5*p*AC*V.^3*cpC5; % Available Power of Five Blades
figure(1)
plot(T,PC2,'go-',T,PC3,'ro-',T,PC4,'co-',T,PC5,'ko-','Linewidth',
1,'markersize', 4)
grid on
xlabel(' Wind Speed ' )
ylabel(' Available POWER ' )
title (' consideration C')
legend('PC2','PC3','PC4','PC5')
cpc2=0.3; % power efficiency factor
cpc3=0.4; % power efficiency factor
cpc4=0.45; % power efficiency factor
cpc5=0.46; % power efficiency factor
Pc2=0.5*p*Ac*V.^3*cpc2; % Available Power of Two Blades
Pc3=0.5*p*Ac*V.^3*cpc3; % Available Power of Three Blades
Pc4=0.5*p*Ac*V.^3*cpc4; % Available Power of Four Blades
Pc5=0.5*p*Ac*V.^3*cpc5; % Available Power of Five Blades
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figure(2)
plot(T,Pc2,'go-',T,Pc3,'ro-',T,Pc4,'co-',T,Pc5,'ko-','Linewidth',
1,'markersize', 4)
grid on
xlabel(' Time ' )
ylabel(' Available POWER ' )
title ('cosederation c')
legend('Pc2','Pc3','Pc4','Pc5')
TipD=(pi*DD*N)/60; % Tip Speed
Tipd=(pi*Dd*N)/60; % Tip Speed
LD=TipD./V;
Ld=Tipd./V;
lemdaD=max(LD) % maximum value of power coefficient
Lemdad=max(Ld) % maximum value of power coefficient
cpD2=0.42; % power efficiency factor
cpD3=0.425; % power efficiency factor
cpD4=0.39; % power efficiency factor
cpD5=0.34; % power efficiency factor
PD2=0.5*p*AD*V.^3*cpD2; % Available Power of Two Blades
PD3=0.5*p*AD*V.^3*cpD3; % Available Power of Three Blades
PD4=0.5*p*AD*V.^3*cpD4; % Available Power of Four Blades
PD5=0.5*p*AD*V.^3*cpD5; % Available Power of Five Blades
figure(3)
plot(T,PD2,'go-',T,PD3,'ro-',T,PD4,'co-',T,PD5,'ko-','Linewidth',
1,'markersize', 4)
grid on
xlabel(' Time ' )
ylabel(' Available POWER ' )
title (' consideration D')
legend('PD2','PD3','PD4','PD5')
cpd2=0.39; % power efficiency factor
cpd3=0.46; % power efficiency factor
cpd4=0.455; % power efficiency factor
cpd5=0.45; % power efficiency factor
Pd2=0.5*p*Ad*V.^3*cpd2; % Available Power of Two Blades
Pd3=0.5*p*Ad*V.^3*cpd3; % Available Power of Three Blades
Pd4=0.5*p*Ad*V.^3*cpd4; % Available Power of Four Blades
Pd5=0.5*p*Ad*V.^3*cpd5; % Available Power of Five Blades
figure(4)
plot(T,Pd2,'go-',T,Pd3,'ro-',T,Pd4,'co-',T,Pd5,'ko-','Linewidth',
1,'markersize', 4)
grid on
xlabel(' Time ' )
ylabel(' Available POWER ' )
title (' consideration d')
legend('Pd2','Pd3','Pd4','Pd5')
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Cp
Configurations Max-λ
2-blades 3-blades 4-blades 5blades
C 10.6046 0.42 0.41 0.36 0.31
c 4.8590 0.30 0.40 0.45 0.46
D 9.6761 0.42 0.425 0.39 0.34
d 6.3670 0.39 0.46 0.455 0.45
Results:
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Plot Cp VS λ: Power efficiency vs Power coefficient .
Figure 2: consideration[ c] 69.6 meter
Figure 3: Consideration [C] 151.9 meter
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Figure 4: Consideration [D] 138.6 meter
Figure 6: Consideration[ C] 151.9 meter
Figure 5: Consideration[ d] 91.2 meter
Plot: Time VS Available Power:
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Figure 7: Consideration [c] 69.6 meter
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Figure 8: Consideration [D] 138.6 meter
Figure 9: Consideration [d] 91.2 meter
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Plot: Wind Speed VS Available power.
Figure 10: Consideration [ C] 151.9 meter
Figure 11: Consideration [c] 69.6 meter
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Figure 12: Consideration [ D] 138.6 meter
Figure 13: Consideration [ d] 91.2 meter
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Discussion:
From the previous results and formulas, we can see that the effect of
rotor diameter has a significant effect on the power generation. The
more diameter we have, more power can be generated.
The effect of diameter is more than the effect of blades number.
In some situations, we saw that the 3 blades windmill could generate
more than four blades and five blades windmills. Higher diameter
would be suitable for a smaller number of blades. For consideration
C with 151.9-meter, wind turbine with two blades generates highest
power, while for consideration c with 69.6-meter, five blades wind
turbine is the higher. Wind speed has a directly proportional
relation with the produced power. As we have a higher wind speed
as we can generate higher energy.
The wind speed has a maximum limit value, if the speed exceeded
the cut off speed, it would cause a serios damage to the windmill.
Some advanced wind turbine can perform under 70meter/sec.
Average windmills would work from 12 m/s to 25 m/s.
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Conclusion & Recommendations:
Wind turbine provided significant advantages to us, beside that it is
a completely clean energy source. Moreover, it’s a renewable source
too. For our project it is much better for large diameter rotor to be
mated with smaller number of blades, while for smaller diameter
blades, we can insert more blades safely and efficiently. The effect of
inertia and resistance
All our design configurations were horizontal axis type.
A horizontal axis machine has its blades rotating on an axis parallel
to the ground.
Wind turbine is a dependable source of power can be used as
alternative source to reduce the consumption of the fossil fuel.
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