UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LEGAL STUDIES
PANJAB UNIVERSITY , CHANDIGARH
THE PROJECT REPORT ON TOPIC
ESSAY WRITING
SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-
DR.VANDANA GARG BHUVESH GOYAL
UILS ROLL NO:- 203/20
PU,CHANDIGARH B.COM.LLB(SEC-D)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of
guidance and assistance from many people and I am extremely
fortunate to have got this all along the completion of my project.
Whatever I have done is only due to such guidance and I would never
forget to thank them.
I take this opportunity to record deep sense of gratitude to my teacher
Dr.VANDANA GARG MAM , UILS, CHANDIGARH for her
incontestably perfect unmatched guidance, encouragement, valuable
suggestion and effort made during the preparation of this project and
during her lecture which enabled me to complete this project
successfully on the given topic: ESSAY WRITING
1.SELF DISCIPLINE
2.AATM NIRBHAR BHARAT
3.SECULARISM
I owe my regards to the entire faculty department of legal studies from
where I have learnt the basic of law and whose informal discussions,
intellectual support helped me in the entire duration of this work.
Bhuvesh Goyal
B.com.LLB(hons.)
Semester:2, Sec:D
Roll No.203/20
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………..04
2. QUALITIES OF GOOD ESSAY……………………………………………………………05
3. TYPE OF ESSAY …………………………………………………………………………06-07
4. WHY SHOULD A STUDENT OF LAW STUDY AN ESSAY?.....................08
5. SELF DISCIPLINE…………………………………………………………………….....09-10
6. AATM NIRBHAR BHARAT………………………………………………………….11-12
7. SECULARISAM…………………………………………………………………………..13-14
8. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………15
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………16
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Introduction
An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own
argument. Essays have traditionally been sub-classified as formal and
informal. Formal essays are characterized by "serious purpose, dignity,
logical organization, length," whereas the informal essay is
characterized by "the personal element (self-revelation, individual
tastes and experiences, confidential manner), humor, graceful style,
rambling structure, unconventionality or novelty of theme," etc. Essays
are commonly used as literary criticism, political manifestos, learned
arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of
the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose. The concept
of an "essay" has been extended to other media beyond writing. A film
essay is a movie that often incorporates documentary filmmaking styles
and focuses more on the evolution of a theme or idea. A photographic
essay covers a topic with a linked series of photographs that may have
accompanying text or captions. The essay is typically used as a shorter
writing form; essays are rarely the length of a novel. However, several
historical examples, such as John Locke's seminal work "An Essay
Concerning Human Understanding," demonstrate that a well-organized
essay can be as long as a novel.
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QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESSAY
• Unity- An essay should deal with one subject only and relevant and
irrelevant matter should not be mixed up.
• Coherence- The essay should follow a clear order and move steadily
towards a goal. Ides are arranged in a definite pattern so that the important
ones stand out prominently, and the relation between ideas is clearly seen.
• Balance- The various ideas should receive proper emphasis. Every idea
should be explained definitely enough without at the same time,
exaggeration or overstatement.
• Clearness- The ideas in an essay should be clear both in expression and
language. Ideas should not be confused or mixed up. The language used
should be simple and precise.
• Style- The style of an essay must be dignified and literary. Slang, colloquial
terms and free and easy instructions are not proper in an essay.
• Brevity- The length of the essay depends on the writer’s purpose in
writing. If it is intended for a particular set of readers, its length will be
influenced by the readers’ backgrounds and needs. But in any case, the
essay should not be very long or loose or rambling. The limit should
generally be about three hundred words. It should be a brief exercise,
concisely, expressed.
• Emphasis- Emphasis must be given to a point by giving it a position in
which it will stand out. Emphasis can be given to an idea by devoting more
space to it. So, the main points should be focussed on.
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TYPES OF ESSAY
• Narrative- A narrative essay is one that tells a story. This is usually a story
about a personal experience you had, but it may also be an imaginative
exploration of something you have not experienced. Narrative essays test
your ability to build up a narrative in an engaging, well-structured way. They
are much more personal and creative than other kinds of academic writing.
Writing a personal statement for an application requires the same skills as a
narrative essay. A narrative essay isn’t strictly divided into introduction,
body, and conclusion, but it should still begin by setting up the narrative and
finish by expressing the point of the story—what you learned from your
experience, or why it made an impression on you.
• Descriptive- A descriptive essay provides a detailed sensory description of
something. Like narrative essays, they allow you to be more creative than
most academic writing, but they are more tightly focused than narrative
essays. You might describe a specific place or object, rather than telling a
whole story. Descriptive essays test your ability to use language creatively,
making striking word choices to convey a memorable picture of what you’re
describing. A descriptive essay can be quite loosely structured, though it
should usually begin by introducing the object of your description and end
by drawing an overall picture of it. The important thing is to use careful
word choices and figurative language to create an original description of
your object.
• Argumentative- An argumentative essay presents an extended,
evidencebased argument. It requires a strong thesis statement—a clearly
defined stance on the topic. The aim is to convince the reader of thesis using
evidence (such as quotations) and analysis. Argumentative essays test the
essayist’s ability to research and present his own position on a topic. This is
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the most common type of essay at college level—most papers students
write will involve some kind of argumentation.
• Reflective- Reflective writing is a form of creative writing where you
examine an experience or situation through self-reflection. Through the
course of creating the reflective paper, you describe insights that you
gained or express your views on some experience. Reflective essays are
typically personal writings about an experience, but they can be made up as
well.
• Biographical- A biography essay is a type of essay where you tell the story
of a person’s life through your words. A biography essay gives us the chance
to dwell in someone else’s life. The essence of a biography essay is to sketch
the person’s life as accurately as possible such that the person can be easily
visualized and their essence truly graspable
• Expository- An expository essay provides a clear, focused explanation of a
topic. It doesn’t require an original argument, just a balanced and
wellorganized view of the topic. Expository essays test your familiarity with
a topic and your ability to organize and convey information. They are
commonly assigned at high school or in exam questions at college level. The
introduction of an expository essay states your topic and provides some
general background, the body presents the details, and the conclusion
summarizes the information presented.
• Imaginative- An imaginative essay is fiction, actually a type of short story.
Students are asked to imagine a particular historical or fantastic situation
and write the rest of the story. Depending on the prompt, the imaginative
essay can discuss anything from space travel to civil rights. Because of this
wide variation, some imaginative essays require a very serious response,
while others invite a much more light-hearted, fantastic one
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WHY SHOULD A STUDENT OF LAW STUDY
AN ESSAY?
Essay writing is an important task in the Judicial and Civil Services
examination of our country. This is because as a genre, essay writing is an
apt medium of examining the ability of the writer to evaluate, weigh,
consider and write comprehensively on a given topic of importance.
Practising the skill of essay writing is a first step in learning the art of
expansive writing which enables a future judicial officer to pen down well-
reasoned, aptly worded, and lucid judgements. In this direction, a student of
law should be familiarised the essentials of good essay. The acid test of a
good essay is; originality of thought and expression, brevity, specificity,
focus and appropriacy of content. A good essay avoids boredom for the
reader and vagueness in expression. There is no formulaic prescription of
writing a good essay. One just needs to understand that though a
nonfictional genre, in the hands of a good essayist, an essay may even
acquire the tone and style of a narrative fiction, autobiography or even a
rhetoric discourse. A student of law has no option but to consciously learn
and practice this art of expansive writing so that his clarity of thought can be
routed through his clarity of expression and that too in an interesting and
ingenious manner.
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SELF DISCIPLINE
Self-Discipline is the ability to control and avoid unhealthy habits or excess
that could create a negative impact. A self-disciplined person rejects any
immediate pleasure or gratifications that favors more significant pain but
requires time and effort to mold the skill.
The possession of Self-Discipline enables an individual to choose the right
decisions, and maintain their thoughts, behavior, and actions, to attain
success and improvement. Every person needs to possess the skill of self-
discipline. Self-Discipline strengthens those who acknowledge it and yet only
a few put efforts to develop it.
Life throws a series of challenges on the path to attain success and
achievement. To rise above the obstacles, one needs to imbibe the habit of
persistence and perseverance, which can be achieved through self-
discipline. Furthermore, it helps an individual overcome his/her negative
habits.Habit either creates or destroys a person; Self Discipline builds a
pattern through discipline. It directs a person to stay consistent in work and
reach the door that opens success.
It helps a person organize his/her schedule and get things done accordingly.
It makes a person remain consistent in their work and helps them achieve
success. Life is a cycle of distractions and challenges, but a self-disciplined
person focuses on the goals. Self-discipline singles out your goal from the
rest of the distractions and fixates him/her to achieve great things in life.
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Self-discipline boosts a person’s work ethic and self-esteem
simultaneously—furthermore, self-discipline molds a person to become an
improved version of themselves.
Through self-discipline, a person nurtures his path with confidence, inner
strength, and self-esteem, leading to satisfaction and happiness. Contrarily,
a person who lacks this ability falls into the pits of loss, failure, health and
relationship problems, gluttony and obesity, and other related troubles.
In short, Self-discipline directs a person to lead a healthy professional and
personal life. A self- determined person achieves great heights through his
efforts and optimum use of time. Achieving self-discipline may be difficult
but in order to lead a healthy personal and professional life, it is very
important. A self-disciplined person makes optimum use of the time. Hence,
he can achieve more and do more work as compared to a person who is not
self-disciplined. We should, therefore, make some efforts to achieve it.
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AATM NIRBHAR BHARAT
Aatm Nirbhar” which is a Hindi word meaning in English is "Self Reliant"
which also refers less dependency on others or don’t be dependent of
others. Aatm Nirbhar Bharat is basically a term formulated at the time of
pandemic COVID-19 in India. It is actually the vision of our Hon’ble Prime
Minister Shri Narendra Modi ji to make India and Indians self reliant by
starting production of all mandatory items locally. Vocal for Local is also
integral of Aatm Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
The aim of Aatm Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan is to make India a global hub of
manufacturing and services. The objective is to attract private sector
investments, through long-term reforms in agriculture, businesses, defense
and other sectors. To fulfill these demands and promote production of these
items in the country our Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi started Aatma
Nirbhar Bharat Campaign. He defined the five pillars of Aatm Nirbhar Bharat
to boost the economy and to turn difficulties into opportunity.
There are five Pillars Of Atma-nirbhar Bharat. First is Economy. An economy
that brings Quantum Jump rather than Incremental change.Second is
Infrastructure. An infrastructure that became the identity of modern
India.Third is System. A system that is driven by technology which can fulfil
the dreams of the 21st century; a system not based on the past centuries.
Fourth is Demography. Our vibrant demography is our strength in the
world’s largest democracy, our source of energy for self-reliant India. Fifth is
Demand. The cycle of demand and supply chain in our economy is the
strength that needs to be harnessed to its full potential.
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The Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan targets the five sectors. First is Businesses
including MSMEs (Financial packages to cater the industries, businesses,
labour, among others).Second is Poor including farmers. (Aims at providing
direct support to the poor and farmers, post Covid.) Third is
Agriculture(Special financial packages and emergency working capital to the
farmers through NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development). Fourth is New horizons of growth(Fast track investment
clearance and policy reforms in an effort towards an Aatm Nirbhar
Bharat).Fifth is Government reforms and enabler (Relates to the ease of
doing business, healthcare development; technology-driven measures,
including online education.)
Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan leads to various benefits such as the definition
of MSMEs was modified, leading to a larger participation of private
businesses in several sector.Despite all the benefits reaped from Aatm
Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan, there is a still long way to go. Easier said than done,
it would require all of India’s political and bureaucratic might, to make the
benefits reach the grass-root level. But, today the country is battling with
the second wave of Covid when it should actually be progressive to
overcome the losses of the first. Let’s hope that this too will over soon and
the progress will take over the pandemic.
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SECULARISM
Secularism is the concept of independence of the state and the religious
groups. This is an ideology which is highly important for a democratic
country and especially the one where people from various religions reside.
Secularism ensures the freedom of expression of ideas and beliefs of one
and all. It also helps in the peaceful functioning of the state.
India is a country comprising of various religions such as Hinduism, Islam,
Buddhism, Sikhism, etc. Secularism is one of the most important
achievements of independent India as it has ensured equal treatment of
people in all aspects regardless of their caste, religion, beliefs, etc. After the
colonial struggle and their concept of Divide and Rule, our foundations and
unity among different religious groups were shattered. This called for the
establishment of a secular state where government does not formulate
policies and makes decisions favoring or loathing a particular religious group
or caste.The inculcation of secularism in the constitution brings along many
other fundamental rights of the citizens of the country such as the right to
expression and religious freedom. India being home to people of a large
number of religions, it is more prone to religious conflicts and other political
and social damage. Secularism here ensures the proper and fair functioning
of the government meanwhile providing all the religious groups with the
rights to practice the religion of their choice and express their opinions and
beliefs freely without fear or hesitation.
There have been certain instances in history where the majority groups have
tried to establish their dominance over various minority groups and
sometimes also on the government. The implementation of secularism has
kept this issue in check by working independently from the religious groups
and giving out equal freedom to all the religions and castes. Secularism also
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has some threats and barriers but it is the responsibility of the secular state
to work tirelessly with the goal of achieving peace and understanding among
all the religions prevailing and allow the harmonious working of the
governmental organizations meanwhile providing fundamental rights to all
the citizens irrespective of their caste, religion, beliefs etc.
Hence, it can be concluded that for a diverse country like India, introduction
of secularism is indeed a blessing as people can express their opinions freely
and can openly profess or practice the religion of their choice or choose not
to practice any at all.
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CONCLUSION
Writing as an art is very difficult from talking. An impressive text can only be
written if there is good knowledge of fitting words so as to accommodate
expressions and feelings that we develop. The writing needs to be precise in
nature in order to create and maintain a level of engrossment in the mind of
the person who reads it.
Thus, the acid test of good essay is: originality of thought and expression,
brevity, specificity, focus and appropriacy of content. A good essay avoids
boredom for the reader and vagueness in expression.
Hence, there is no formulaic prescription of writing a good essay. One just
needs to understand that though a non- fictional genre, in the hands of a
good essayist an essay may even acquire the tone and style of a narrative
fiction, autobiography or even a rhetoric discourse.Therefore student of law
has no option but to concisely learn the art of expansive writing.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
*www.toppr.com
*https://en.m.wikipedia.org
*https://www.bartleby.com/ https://www.essaybanyan.com/
*https://evirtual.com/
*https://essayhub.in/
*https://fastread.in/
*www.bartleby.com
*Class notes
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