Name:______________________________________________________________________Date:________Class:______

APWH|Unit Two Sections 2.1 “The Silk Roads” and 2.2 “The Mongol Empire and the Modern World”
Directions: For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that follow using
specific details. It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently. Students who do not do their
reading will not do well in this course.

UNIT 2.1| The Silk Roads

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) and Significance (Why this term matters)

1. Silk Roads

2. Kashgar

3. Samarkand

4. Caravanserai

5. Flying cash

6. Hanseatic League
Objective Key Developments

Explain the A. The first ‘golden age’ of the Silk Roads came to an end after the collapse of classical civilizations like the Roman
causes of and Han empires. How were they revived?
growth of
networks of
exchange
after 1200. B. What was China’s role in bringing about the ‘second gold age’ of the Silk Roads?

C. How did the Mongol empire significantly impact the expansion of trade?

D. Describe how each of the following technological advancements led to growth in the expansion of trade
networks:

● Caravans:

● Saddles:

● Magnetic compass:

● Rudder:

● Junk ships:

Explain the A. Why did cities become thriving centers of trade during the growth of exchange networks?
effects of
growth of ● Explain the significance of Kashgar, or why it was important to travelers:
networks of
exchange
after 1200.
● Explain the significance of Samarkand, or why it was important to travelers:

B. Another effect of trade networks was the use of inns known as caravanserai. How were these different than
cities and why were they important to travelers?

C. China developed a new financial system, although it was already considered a money economy.
● What was the system:
 ● Why did they need it:

● How did it impact European cities in the 1300s:

D. The growth of trade networks also led to the creation of the Hanseatic League.
● Why did it form:

● What was its impact:

● Why did it end:

E. How did the increase in demand for luxury goods impact places like China?

UNIT 2.2| The Mongol Empire and the Modern World

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) and Significance (Why this term matters)

1. Mongol Empire

2. Temujin

3. Khan

4. Khanate

5. Pax Mongolica

6. Golden Horde

7. Karakorum

8. Il-Khanate

9. Yuan Dynasty

10. White Lotus

Society

Objective Key Developments

Explain the A. What was life like for the Mongols north of the Gobi Desert? How did their environment impact their culture?
process of
state building
and decline in
Eurasia over B. Who was Genghis Khan? How did he become the leader? How did he earn his reputation as a brutal leader?
time.

C. Mongols at War
● What made Mongolian soldiers so efficient?

● What strategies did they commonly use?

● What happened to those who did not surrender to the Mongols?

● How did the Mongols use siege weapons and the pony express to their advantage?

D. How were Mongol women treated within the empire?

Explain how A. As the Mongolian empire expanded people were surprised by his leadership. Why?
the expansion
of empires
influenced
trade and
communicati B. What was Pax Mongolica? What important developments or social policies emerged from it?
on over time.

C. What role did Genghis Khan and his soldiers take with the Silk Roads? How did they change them?

Explain the A. How was the Mongol Empire divided after Genghis Khan died?
significance
of the
Mongol
Empire in
larger B. The Golden Horde
patterns of ● What was it/when was it established:
continuity
and change.
● Who was in charge:

● What was the immediate impact:

● Why did the Mongols stop expanding into Europe:

● How did the Mongols rule Russia:

● How did Russia rebel:

● What were the long term impacts of Mongol rule there:

C. The Il-Khanate
● What was it/when was it established:

● What was the immediate impact:

● How was it governed:

● What were the long term impacts of Mongol rule there:

D. The Yuan Dynasty

● What was it/when was it established:

● What were the immediate and long term impacts:

● How did the Yuan Dynasty rule:

● How did the Yuan Dynasty decline:

E. How did the Mongol decline in China echo the decline of the overall empire?

F. Fill in the blank for Mongolian Long-Term impacts:

● Mongols conquered a larger area than the _________________, being the largest continuous land
empire in history

● During Pax Mongolica, Mongols revitalized:_________________________________________________

● What cultural exchanges occurred:

 ○ ____________________________ from Islam to China

○ ____________________________from China to the world

○ ____________________________went to Western Europe

● Mongol conquests spread the ________________________________ or Black Death from China to West

● The Mongols used _____________________________ power

● Mongol fighting techniques led to the use of ______________________________ in Western Europe

● ___________________________________ came to an end in Europe due to the cannon and siege tactics
of the Mongols

G. In your own words, list the various continuities and changes of the Mongol Empire below:

● Continuities:

● Changes:

Multiple Choice Responses (Record them here!)

Section 2.1 1. ______ 2.______ 3.______

Section 2.2 1. ______ 2.______ 3.______

Short Answer Question Responses

List any information that would help you to craft a well informed response.

2.1 SAQ
Question #2

2.2 SAQ
Question #2
Name:______________________________________________________________________Date:________Class:______

APWH|Unit Two Sections 2.3 “Exchange in the Indian Ocean” and 2.4 “Trans-Saharan Trade Route”
Directions: For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that follow using
specific details. It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently. Students who do not do their
reading will not do well in this course.

UNIT 2.3| Exchange in the Indian Ocean

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) and Significance (Why this term matters)

1. Calicut

2. Spice Islands

3. Monsoon Winds

4. Lateen Sails

5. Melacca

6. Diaspora

7. Swahili City-States

8. Zheng He

Objective Key Developments

Explain the The Indian Ocean Basin’s location allowed thriving trade with regions like South Asia. Note important
causes of the information about the causes of expanded exchange in the Indian Ocean below using specific details and
growth of complete sentences.
networks of
exchange after 1. Spread of Islam:
1200.
A. How did the expansion of Islam expand the Indian Ocean Trade network?

B. What trading partners are connected?

C. Who were the Muslim Persians and Arabs, and what was their role?

D. Why is Calicut an important example of a bustling port city?

2. Increased Demand for Specialized Products:

A. List the items that India offers:

B. List the items that Malaysia and Indonesia offer:

● What are they called and why?

C. List the items that Swahili Coastal cities offer:

● Name two of these cities:

D. List the items that China exported:

E. List the items that Southwest Asia exported:

F. Summarize the slave trade prior to the West/Central African slave trade in the 1500s (where were they
taken, what was life like). Use specific details.

3. Environmental Knowledge

A. Explain the importance of monsoon winds:

4. Advances in Maritime Technology:

 A. Explain the significance of:
● Lateen Sails:

● Stern Rudders:

● Astrolabes:

5. Growth of States:
A. How did the growth of states lead to further growth of trade?

B. Explain how Melacca is an example of this.

Explain the Some of the factors that caused expansion of trade networks also became effects. Note important
effects of the information here using specific details and complete sentences.
growth of
networks of A. Diasporic Communities:
exchange after ● What is ‘diaspora’:
1200.

● Why did many Arab and East African merchants stay in Indian port cities?

○ How did this impact Southern Asia?

B. Response to Increased Demand:

● How did increased demand lead to the increased role of the state (government)?

○ How was Gujarat an example of this?

C. Swahili City States

● What were the Swahili City States? What were they referred to as in Arabic?

● What was the role of these city states - what did they trade/bring to the network?

● These city states became extremely wealthy - what evidence do we have of this?
 D. Significant Cultural Transfers
● What does the chapter mean by ‘significant cultural transfers’ - what are those?

● Who was Zheng He? What was the purpose of his voyages?

● How did the voyages impact China and the Chinese government?

● Why did his voyages end?

● The end of his voyages marked strict isolation by the Ming Dynasty - what evidence do we
have of this?

● How can you use Zheng He’s voyages as an example of cultural transfers?

Explain the 1. Answer the following question about the role of environment in the expansion of networks of exchange.
role of
environmental A. Describe the role of environmental factors (geography, monsoon winds, etc) in expanding trade
factors in the networks.
development
of networks of
exchange
1200-1450.

UNIT 2.4| Trans-Saharan Trade Route

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) and Significance (Why this term matters)

1. Sahara Desert

2. Oases

3. Camel Saddles

4. Trans-Sahara Trade

5. Mali

6. Timbuktu

7. Sundiata

8. Mansa Musa
9. Songhay Kingdom

Objective Key Developments

Explain the A. What was life and trade like in the Sahara Desert prior to the early 1200s?
causes of the
growth of
Trans-Sahara
trade. B. Why did Muslim merchants travel on camels? Why were they better for travel than horses?

C. Which saddle had the greatest impact on trade - why?

D. How many trade routes were there across the Sahara Desert - what was their significance?

E. Certain commodities became famous along these routes. What was the most famous, and what else was
traded along this route?

● How did trading these items impact West Africa, particularly Ghana and Mali?

Explain the A. Why did Ghana decline? What took over?

effects of the
growth of
Trans-Sahara
trade. B. Why did Mali become more prosperous than Ghana ever had been?

C. Although most in Ghana were farmers cultivating sorghum and rice, other cities grew in prominence. Explain
the significance of Timbuktu to Mali.

D. How did the growth of trade and wealth give rise to an expanding role of states?

E. Who was Sundiata and why was he important? Give contextual information about this leader.
 F. Who was Mansa Musa and why was he important? Give contextual information about this leader.

G. How did Mansa Musa impact Mali through Islam?

H. What was the Songhay Kingdom, and how did it become more powerful than Mali?

Explain how A. Using the information from this section, explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and
the communication over time, particularly with the Trans-Sahara trade route.
expansion of
empires
influenced
trade and
communicati
on over time.

Multiple Choice Responses (Record them here!)

Section 2.3 1. ______ 2.______ 3.______

Section 2.4 1. ______ 2.______ 3.______

Short Answer Question Responses

List any information that would help you to craft a well informed response.

2.3 SAQ A. B. C.
Question #1

2.4 SAQ A. B. C.
Question #2
Name:______________________________________________________________________Date:________Class:______

APWH|Unit 2 Sections 2.5 “Cultural Consequences of Connectivity,” 2.6 “Environmental Consequences of

Connectivity,” and 2.7 “Comparison of Economic Exchange”
Directions: For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that follow using
specific details. It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently. Students who do not do their
reading will not do well in this course.

UNIT 2.5| Cultural Consequences of Connectivity

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) and Significance (Why this term matters)

1. Diffusion (Definition not in book) Spread of something (typically cultural aspect like religion) from its place of origin

2. Zen Buddhism

3. Neo-Confucianism

4. Black Death

5. Marco Polo

6. Ibn Battuta

7. Margery Kempe
Objective Key Developments

Explain the 1. Religious, Cultural, and Technological Impacts of Interaction

intellectual A. Generally, in what ways did cultural diffusion in c. 1200-1450 effect places?
and cultural
effects of the
various
networks of B. Buddhism in East Asia
exchange in ● How did it spread to China?
Afro-Eurasia
from c. 1200 to
c. 1450.
● What was Zen Buddhism and why was it so popular?

● How did printing impact Buddhism in China? How was literature itself impacted?

● What does it mean that Japan and Korea were “countries in China’s orbit”? Why would they
adopt Confucianism and Buddhism at this time (think back to the Song Dynasty).

● In Korea, who studied which religion and why?

● How was Neo-Confucianism significant to East Asia?

C. Spread of Hinduism and Buddhism in Southeast Asia

● How did it spread to Southeast Asia?

● What evidence do we have that Buddhism had a strong influence?

● How does the Khmer Empire (Angkor Wat) evidence religious diffusion?

D. Spread of Islam
● How and where did Islam spread?

● List TWO specific impacts for each region below:

○ Africa:
■
 ■

○ South Asia:
■

○ Southeast Asia
■

E. Scientific and Technological Innovations

● How did technology spread?

● List FIVE examples of technology that spread through diffusion:

○
○
○
○
○

● What did Marco Polo’s writings show?

● How was Hangzhou similar to Timbuktu/Calicut in being a center of trade?

● What factors contribute to the growth of cities?

● What factors contributed to the decline of cities like Constantinople and Kashgar?

F. Effects of the Crusades

● What was the Black Death?

● What was its impact on the world of this time?

2. Traveler’s Tales
A. How did traveler’s tales become popular?

B. Marco Polo
 ● Where was he from and where did he travel to?

● What was his Point of View?

● What was the impact of his writing?

C. Ibn Battuta
● Where was he from and where did he travel to?

● What was his Point of View?

● What was the impact of his writing?

D. Margery Kempe
● Where was he from and where did he travel to?

● What was his Point of View?

● What was the impact of his writing?

UNIT 2.6| Environmental Consequences of Connectivity

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) and Significance (Why this term matters)

1. Champa Rice

2. Overgrazing

Objective Key Developments

Explain the 1. Agricultural Effects of Exchange Networks

environmenta
l effects of A. Generally speaking, what was the impact of new crops (the good and the bad)?
the various
networks of
exchange in
Afro-Eurasia
from c. 1200-
1450. B. Champa Rice
● Where do we think Champa Rice originated? How did it get to China?

● How did it impact China’s:

○ Population:

○ Land use:

○ Migration:

C. Bananas
● Who introduced this crop to Sub-Saharan Africa?

● What was the major impact of bananas in this region?

D. Sugar, Cotton, and Citrus Crops

● Who spread cotton, sugar, and citrus beyond the Arabian Peninsula?

● Explain how cities like Samarkand were also involved in the spread of these items.

● How does sugar impact the 1500s?

E. Environmental Degradation
● How did increases in population impact the environment?

● How in turn did overuse of land impact places like Great Zimbabwe and the Mayans?

2. Spread of Epidemics through Exchange Networks

A. How did the Mongols and caravanserai help spread the plague?

B. How was the impact of the plague on Europe negative and positive?

C. Where else did the Black Death make an appearance? How did South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa avoid
the Black Death?
UNIT 2.7| Comparison of Economic Exchange

Objective Key Developments

Explain the A. Summarize how the Silk Roads, Trans-Sahara Route, and Indian Ocean trade are similar via origins, purpose,
similarities and effects.
and
differences
among the
various
networks of
exchange in B. Summarize how the Silk Roads, Trans-Sahara Route, and Indian Ocean trade are different via the goods
the period c. exchange, technologies they inspired, and the religions they spread.
1200-1450.

C. Summarize the social implications of networks of exchange in labor.

D. Summarize the social and gender structures of the networks of exchange.

Multiple Choice Responses (Record them here!)

Section 2.5 1. ______ 2.______ 3.______

Section 2.6 1. ______ 2.______ 3.______

Short Answer Question Responses

List any information that would help you to craft a well informed response.

2.5 SAQ A. B. C.
Question #2

2.6 SAQ A. B. C.
Question #1