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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3452-2
First edition
2000-04-01
Non-destructive testing — Penetrant
testing —
Part 2:
Testing of penetrant materials
Essais non destructifs — Examen par ressuage —
Partie 2: Essais des produits de ressuage
Reference number
ISO 3452-2:2000(E)
© ISO 2000
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ISO 3452-2:2000(E)
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ISO 3452-2:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 3452 may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 3452-2 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in
collaboration with ISO Technical Committee TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 2, Surface
methods, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Throughout the text of this standard, read "...this European Standard..." to mean "...this International Standard...".
ISO 3452 consists of the following parts, under the general title Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing :
¾ Part 1: General principles
¾ Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials
¾ Part 3: Reference test blocks
¾ Part 4: Equipment
Annexes A and B form a normative part of this part of ISO 3452. Annexes C and D are for information only.
Annex ZZ provides a list of corresponding International and European Standards for which equivalents are not
given in the text.
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ISO 3452-2:2000(E)
Contents
Page
Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................................................... v
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................. v
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Safety precautions .................................................................................................................................................................. 1
5 Classification ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2
6 Testing of penetrant materials ................................................................................................................................................ 3
7 Test methods and requirements ............................................................................................................................................ 5
8 Packaging and labelling ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
Annex A (normative) Comparison of fluorescent brightness ................................................................................................... 14
Annex B (normative) Process control tests .............................................................................................................................. 16
Annex C (informative) Determination of fluorescent penetrant sensitivity levels .................................................................... 25
Annex D (informative) Example of indication visibility measuring equipment .......................................................................... 26
Annex ZZ (informative) Corresponding International and European Standards for which equivalents
are not given in the text ....................................................................................................................................................... 28
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ISO 3452-2:2000(E)
Foreword
The text of EN ISO 3452-2:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 "Non-destructive testing", the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 "Non-destructive testing".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by
endorsement, at the latest by October 2000, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
October 2000.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association. This European Standard is considered to be a supporting standard to those application
and product standards which in themselves support an essential safety requirement of a New Approach Directive and
which make reference to this European Standard.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are
bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom.
EN ISO 3452 comprises a series of European standards of penetrant testing which is made of the following:
- EN 571-1 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 1: General principles
- EN ISO 3452-2 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials
- EN ISO 3452-3 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 3: Reference test blocks
- EN ISO 3452-4 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 4: Equipment
Introduction
At the present time, one part of this standard is published independently on the European and ISO levels, the others are
under Vienna agreement and consequently have the ISO number at the European level. However, the Vienna agreement
was applied during the work, so some European Standards have referenced them under their previous European number.
The following table gives the correspondance between these different numbers.
CEN Number
previous number * official number
Non destructive testing - Penetrant testing
Part 1: General principles EN 571-1
Part 2: Testing of penetrant prEN 571-2 EN ISO 3452-2
materials
Part 3: Reference test blocks prEN 571-3 EN ISO 3452-3
Part 4: Equipment prEN 956 EN ISO 3452-4
* Number under which the document is referenced in some European Standards
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ISO 3452-2:2000(E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for their type
testing and batch testing. It also details on site testing requirements and methods.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications. These normative
references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references
subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when
incorporated in it by amendment or revisions. For undated reference the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel - General principles.
EN 571-1, Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 1: General principles.
EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents.
prEN ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing - Viewing conditions.
EN ISO 3452-3, Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 3: Reference test blocks. (ISO 3452-3:1998)
EN ISO 12706, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Terms used in penetrant testing. (ISO 12706:1999)
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this standard the definitions of EN ISO 12706 and the following definition apply:
batch
quantity of material produced at one operation having uniform properties throughout and with a unique identifying number of
mark.
4 Safety precautions
The materials required by this standard include chemicals which may be harmful, flammable and/or volatile. All necessary
precautions shall be observed. All relevant European, national and local regulations pertaining to health and safety,
environmental requirements, etc. shall be observed.
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ISO 3452-2:2000(E)
5 Classification
Penetrant testing materials covered by this specification shall be classified as follows:
5.1 Testing products
The testing products are classified according to table 1:
Table 1 - Testing products
Penetrant Excess penetrant remover Developer
Type Denomination Method Denomination Form Denomination
I Fluorescent A Water a Dry
penetrant
II Colour contrast penetrant B Lipophilic emulsifier b Water soluble
1 Oil-based emulsifier
2 Rinsing with running water c Water suspendable
d Solvent-based
(non-aqueous wet)
III Dual purpose (fluorescent C Solvent (liquid)
colour contrast penetrant)
D Hydrophilic emulsifier e Water or solvent based for
1 optional prerinse (water) special application (e. g.
2 emulsifier (water-diluted) pealable developer)
3 final rinse (water)
E Water and solvent
5.2 Sensitivity levels
5.2.1 Fluorescent product family
Sensitivity level 1 (normal)
Sensitivity level 2 (high sensitivity)
Sensitivity level 3 (ultra high for specialised uses)
5.2.2 Colour contrast product family
Sensitivity level 1 (normal)
Sensitivity level 2 (high sensivity).
5.2.3 Dual purpose product family
There are no specific sensitivity levels for dual purpose penetrants. Classification can be carried out as for colour contrast
systems.
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ISO 3452-2:2000(E)
6 Testing of penetrant materials
6.1 Testing facilities
6.1.1 Type testing
Type testing shall be carried out on penetrant materials according to EN 571-1 to ensure their conformance to the
requirements of this European Standard. The test shall be carried out by an independent laboratory.
6.1.2 Batch testing
Batch testing to the requirements of this European Standard shall be carried out on each production batch according to EN
571-1 to ensure that, where applicable, it has the same properties as its corresponding type approval sample. In case of
penetrant material packed in spray cans, the content of sulfur and halogens shall be additionally determined according
to 7.12.
6.1.3 Process control testing
Process control testing shall be carried out or commissioned by the user in accordance with the requirements of EN 571-1,
EN ISO 3452-2 and EN ISO 3452-3.
6.2 Reporting
6.2.1 Type testing
The independant laboratory (see 6.1.1) shall provide a certificate of compliance with this standard and a report that details
the result obtained.
If any changes are made to the penetrant material composition then a new type test and product identity shall be required.
6.2.2 Batch testing
The manufacturer of the penetrant materials shall provide a certificate of compliance with this standard, e. g. as specified in
EN 10204.
6.2.3 Process control testing
Results obtained shall be recorded (see Annex B).
6.3 Required tests
6.3.1 Penetrants
Type and/or batch testing shall be carried out for the properties of penetrants using the test methods according to table 2.
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Table 2 - Properties of penetrants and required tests
Property Test Test method
according to clause
Appearance Batch 7.1
Sensitivity Type and batch 7.2
Density Type and batch 7.3
Viscosity Type and batch 7.4
Flash point Type and batch 7.5
Penetrant washability Batch 7.6
(method A penetrants only)
Fluorescent brightness (type I Batch 7.7
penetrants )
UV stability (type I penetrants) Type 7.8
Thermal stability (type I Type 7.9
penetrants)
Water tolerance (method A Type 7.10
penetrants only)
Corrosive properties Type and batch 7.11
Content of sulfur and Type and batch 7.12
halogens*)
Other contaminants on request Batch
(as required)
*) Only required for products designated "Low in sulfur and halogens"
6.3.2 Excess penetrant removers (excluding method A)
Type and/or batch testing shall be carried out for the properties of excess penetrant removers using the test methods
according to table 3.
Table 3 - Properties of excess penetrant removers and required tests
Property Test Test method
according to clause
Appearance Batch 7.1
Sensitivity Type and batch 7.2
Density Type and batch 7.3
Viscosity Type and batch 7.4
(for method B and D only)
Flash point Type and batch 7.5
Water tolerance (method B only) Type and batch 7.10
Corrosive properties Type and batch 7.11
Content of sulfur and Type and batch 7.12
halogens*)
Residue on evaporation Type and batch 7.13
(method C and E only)
Penetrant tolerance Type 7.14
(method B and D only)
Other contaminants on request Batch
(as required)
*) Only required for products designated "Low in sulfur and halogens"
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6.3.3 Developers
Type and/or batch testing shall be carried out for the properties of developers using the test methods according to table 4.
Table 4 - Properties of developers and required tests
Property Test Test method
according to clause
Appearance Batch 7.1
Flash point (form d only) Type and batch 7.5
Corrosive properties (except Type and batch 7.11
form a)
Content of sulfur and Type and batch 7.12
halogens*)
Solid content (form d only) Type and batch 7.13
Developer performance (except Type and batch 7.15
form e)
Re-dispersibility (form c and d Type and batch 7.16
only)
Density (of carrier liquid) Type and batch 7.17
(form d only)
Other contaminants on request Batch
(as required)
*) Only required for products designated "Low in sulfur and halogens"
6.3.4 Batch control tests for pressurised containers
Batch control testing shall be carried out using the following test:
Product performance, see 7.18
The first aerosol container of each batch shall be tested.
7 Test methods and requirements
7.1 Appearance
The appearance of the sample shall be the same as that of the type test material.
7.2 Penetrant system sensitivity
See also Annex C.
7.2.1 Fluorescent penetrants
7.2.1.1 Test panels
Test panels of 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm from type 1 reference block in accordance with EN ISO 3452-3 are used. These
test panels shall be reserved for the use with type I penetrants only.
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