LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 Demonstrate an understanding of two force and three force members, and the
assumptions that are required for truss analysis.
 Demonstrate the ability to differentiate between trusses, frames, and machines
 Analyze trusses using the method of joints
 Analyze trusses using the method of sections
 Analyze plane trusses
 Analyze frames and machines

There are many kinds of structure. This section will limit to those that are pin-
connected. Two types of pin-connected structures will be covered here; pin-connected
trusses and pin-connected frames. In the actual structure, the joints may be welded,
riveted, or bolted to a gusset plate at the joint. However as long as the center-line of the
member coincide at the joint, the assumption of a pinned joint maybe used.

Analysis of Simple Trusses

An ideal truss is a structure which is composed completely of axial members that are
assumed to be weightless. Members are connected by pinned joints, forming triangular
substructures within the main structure and with the external loads applied only at the
joints.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

In real trusses, of course, the members have weight, but it is often much less than the
applied load and may be neglected with little error. Sometimes, the weight maybe
included by dividing the weight in half and allowing half the weight to act at each end of
the member.

Our primary interest is to know the forces acting in the bars and upon the pins of the
structure. Each member of the truss is either in tension or compression. A member in
tension causes forces which pull away from its end joints whereas a member in
compression causes forces which push towards the end joints.

Method of Joints
The free-body diagram of any joint is a concurrent force system in which the summation
of moment will be of no help. Recall that only two equilibrium equations can be written

ΣFx=0 and ΣFy=0

This means that to solve completely for the forces acting on a joint, we must select a
joint with no more than two unknown forces involved. This can be started by selecting a
joint acted on by only two members. We can assume any unknown member to be either
tension or compression. If negative value is obtained, this means that the force is
opposite in action to that of the assumed direction. Once the forces in one joint are
determined, their effects on adjacent joints are known. We then continue solving on
successive joints until all members have been found.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1 – METHOD OF JOINTS

Find the force acting in all members of the truss shown in Figure T-01.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2. METHOD OF JOINTS

The structure in Fig. T-02 is a truss which is pinned to the floor at point A, and
supported by a roller at point D. Determine the force to all members of the truss.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3. ROOF TRUSS – METHOD OF JOINTS

Determine the forces in the members of the roof truss shown in Fig. P-404.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

Method of Sections | Analysis of Simple Trusses

Method of Sections
In this method, we will cut the truss into two sections by passing a cutting plane through
the members whose internal forces we wish to determine. This method permits us to
solve directly any member by analyzing the left or the right section of the cutting plane.

To remain each section in equilibrium, the cut members will be replaced by forces
equivalent to the internal load transmitted to the members. Each section may constitute
of non-concurrent force system from which three equilibrium equations can be written.

ΣFH=0, ΣFV=0, and ΣMO=0

Because we can only solve up to three unknowns, it is important not to cut more than
three members of the truss. Depending on the type of truss and which members to solve,
one may have to repeat Method of Sections more than once to determine all the desired
forces.

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1 – METHOD OF SECTION

From the truss in Fig. T-01, determine the force in mebers BC, CE, and EF.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2 – METHOD OF SECTION

The roof truss shown in Fig. T-03 is pinned at point A, and supported by a roller at point
H. Determine the force in member DG.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3. – WARREN TRUSS BY METHOD OF SECTION

The Warren truss loaded as shown in Fig. P-418 is supported by a roller at C and a hinge
at G. By the method of sections, compute the force in the members BC, DF, and CE.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4. METHOD OF JOINTS CHECKED BY METHOD OF

SECTION
For the truss shown in Fig. P-424, determine the force in BF by the method of joints and
then check this result using the method of sections. Hint: To apply the method of
sections, first obtain the value of BE by inspection.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 5 - FINK TRUSS BY METHOD OF SECTION

Using the method of sections, compute the force in bars FH, GH, and EK.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 6 – MEMBERS IN THE THIRD PANEL OF A PARKER

TRUSS
Determine the force in the members DF, DG, and EG for the Parker truss shown in Fig.
P-430.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 7. HOWE TRUSS WITH COUNTER BRACES

In Figure P-420, assume that counter diagonals act from B to E and from E to F in
addition to the counter diagonals CD and DG shown in the figure. Assuming that these
counter diagonals can support tension only, determine which diagonals are acting and
the force in each.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

Method of Members | Frames Containing Three-Force

Members
A three-force member is in general a non-axial member that is not simply in tension or
compression. A member of this kind has shear forces perpendicular to the member and
subjected to bending loads. If forces are applied to more than two positions on the
member, it is three-force member. Any beam is a three-force member according to the
above definition.

Frames are pin-connected structures with some or all members are three-force
members. To analyze a frame, we can disconnect the three-force member from the
structure and draw the free-body diagram of the member. This approach is called
the method of members.

In this method, three equilibrium equations can be written

ΣFH=0ΣFH=0, ΣFV=0ΣFV=0, and ΣMO=0ΣMO=0

Below is a figure that shows the difference between axial and non-axial (three-force)
members.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1 – METHOD OF MEMBER

The structure shown in Fig F-001(MM) is pinned together at points A, B, and C and held
in equilibrium by the cable CD. A load of 12,000 lb is acting at the midpoint of member
AB, and a load of 8000 lb is applied at point C. Determine the reaction at A, the internal
force in member BC, and the tension on cable CD.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2. – ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE FRAME

In the structure shown in Fig. P-006(FR-H), all members are assumed to be solid rigid
members. The system is pinned to the wall at point A and supported by a roller at point
E. Calculate the force on member BD and the reactions at A and E.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3 – FRAME ANALYSIS BY METHOD OF MEMBER

For the frame loaded as shown in Figure P-440, determine the horizontal and vertical
components of the pin pressure at B. Specify directions (up or down; left or right) of the
force as it acts upon member CD.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4- ANALYSIS OF AN A-FRAME BY METHOD OF MEMBERS

The frame shown in Figure P-444 is supported by a hinge at A and a roller at E.
Compute the horizontal and vertical components of the hinge forces at B and C as they
act upon member AC.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 5 – BEAM OF THREE SEGMENTS JOINED BY INTERNAL

HINGE

A beam carrying the loads shown in Figure P-448 is composed of three segments. It is
supported by four vertical reactions and joined by two frictionless hinges. Determine the
values of the reactions.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 6. REACTION AT HINGE SUPPORT OF THE FRAME

HOLDING
The billboard BC weighing 1000 lb is subjected to a wind pressure of 300 lb/ft as shown
in Figure P-450. Neglecting the weights of the support-members, determine the
component of the hinge forces at A and F.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 7 – SYSTEM OF BOOM AND PULLEYS

Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the hinge force at A for the
structure shown in Figure P-454. Neglect the weights of the members and of the pulleys.
 LECTURE NOTES IN STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG

Reference:

https://mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mechanics/engineering-mechanics