Motorcycle

Handbook
Working with drivers
to make our roads safer.
Table of Contents
The Class Licence System Foldout One
Basic Class 6 Licensing Requirements Foldout One

Graduated Driver Licensing Foldout Two

Graduated Driver Licensing Class 6 Foldout Two
Introduction 3
Definition of a Motorcycle and a Moped 3
How to Book Your Test Appointment 4
Winnipeg 4
Portage la Prairie or Thompson 5
Arborg, Beausejour, Brandon, Dauphin, Steinbach, Winkler
or at a Mobile Test Unit 6
Key points about your tests 7

Manitoba’s New One-Piece Driver’s Licence 8

Renewals Last Five Years 9
Keep Your Licence Valid 9
Illegal Use of Driver’s Licence 9
Preparing to Ride 10
Helmets 10
Riding Gear 11
The Motorcycle 13
Equipment 13
Controls 14
The Right Motorcycle 15
Safety Checks 15
Riding Your Motorcycle 17
Before You Ride 17
Riding Position 17
Starting 18
Stopping 18
Lane Changing, Turning and Cornering 20
Lane Changing 20
Right Turns 20
Left Turns 21
Slow Turns 21
Cornering and Counter-steering 21
High-Speed Turning 22
Passengers and Cargo 22
Passengers 22
Cargo 24

Motorcycle Handbook • 1
Road Position 25
Lane Position 25
Dominant Riding Position 26
Following 26
Following Distance 27
Passing 27
Intersections 28
In Traffic 30
Group Riding 30
Parking 31
Road Hazards 32
Slippery Surfaces 32
Loose Material on Surfaces 32
Rough Surfaces 33
Grated Surfaces 33
Railway Crossings 34
Night Riding 34
Obstacles 35
Emergencies 36
Blowout 36
Speed Wobble 36
Stuck Throttle 37
Skids 37
Leaving the Road 38
Driving While Impaired 39
Alcohol 39
Drugs 39
What Can You Do 40
Drinking and Driving Anywhere is a Crime 40
What are the Consequences? 41
Licence Suspension for Other Criminal Code Convictions 43

Driving While Suspended— Consequences 44

Driver Improvement and Control Program 45

Driver Safety Rating 46

How the Scale Works 46
Organ and Tissue Donation 47

This handbook has no legislative sanction. For interpreting and applying the law,
consult The Highway Traffic Act, and/or The Drivers and Vehicle Act and their regulations.

2 • Motorcycle Handbook
 The Class Licence System
Manitoba Licence Class Allows the Licence Holder to Operate Minimum Age Medical Requirements Requirements Test Charges

1 Semi-trailer trucks including all vehicles in Classes 2, 3, 4, and 5.

Class 1 Road test
$50

2
Buses1 having a seating capacity of over 24 passengers (while carrying Must meet Class 2 Road test
passengers), school buses2 having a seating capacity over 36 passengers medical and $45
vision standards. •  Must hold a minimum Class 5 Intermediate or Class 5 Authorized
(while carrying passengers). Includes all vehicles in Classes 3, 4 and 5.
Instruction licence to obtain authorized instruction in Classes 1–4.
Medical report • Must pass knowledge test.
Class 3 Road test
18 required on

3
Trucks with more than two axles, including any combination • Requires supervising driver for Authorized Instruction.
of vehicles, OR a truck with two axles towing a vehicle with a initial application • Must pass road test. For Classes 1, 2, 3 or 4 (buses and trucks only), the test $45
+4,540 kg
registered gross vehicle weight of more than 4,540 kg (but does not and periodically includes a pre-trip inspection of vehicle (and air brake system if applicable)
include a semi-trailer truck). Includes all vehicles in Classes 4 and 5. thereafter based by the applicant.
on the age of Class 4 Road test

Taxis, ambulances, and other emergency vehicles, buses1 with a

the driver. $35

4
seating capacity between 10 and 24 passengers (while carrying
passengers) and school buses2 with a seating capacity between 10 Knowledge Test
and 36 passengers (while carrying passengers). Includes all vehicles
in Class 5.
$10

Passenger cars, a bus while not carrying passengers, trucks with two
axles, and any combination of vehicles consisting of a truck with two
axles and a towed vehicle with a registered gross vehicle weight Class 5 Road test
of up to 4,540 kg. May operate Class 3 vehicles if registered as a
16 • Must pass knowledge and sign tests for Class 5 Learner licence
(minimum nine-month Learner Stage). (Must wait seven days for re-tests.) $30
Medical report
farm truck and the driver holds a Class 5 Intermediate or Full Stage

5
required when • Requires supervising driver for a Class 5 Learner Stage or Authorized
Licence.
May operate a Moped 3, if 16 years of age or older.
or 15M requested. Instruction.
• Requires supervising driver for a Class 5 Intermediate if carrying more
if enrolled Must meet vision
Note: A person must hold a valid minimum Class 5 Intermediate Stage than one passenger between the hours of 12 midnight and 5 a.m.
in high school standards.
driver’s licence to operate a special mobile machine, implement of • Must pass road test to advance to the Intermediate Stage (minimum Knowledge Test
driver education
husbandry or tractor on a provincial highway, or a highway within the
course
15-month Intermediate Stage). (Must wait 14 days for re-test). $10
municipal boundaries of a city, town, village or urban municipality. For
further information please call 204-985–7000 or toll-free 1 800-665-2410.

• Driver must hold a valid licence of any class and stage.

• Must pass knowledge test. (Must wait seven days for re-tests.) Class 6 Road test
Medical report
$30

6
required when • Must obtain Class 6 M Stage licence in order to complete motorcycle training
course. The course is required before Learner Stage Licence is issued. (Contact
Motorcycles. 16 requested.
Manitoba Safety Council for motorcycle course charges.)
Must meet • Minimum nine-month Learner Stage. Knowledge Test
vision standards. • Must pass road test to advance to the Intermediate Stage (minimum $10
15–months Intermediate Stage). (Must wait 14 days for re-test.)
Endorsement

• Must pass knowledge test. Practical Test

Air Brake

Air Brake Endorsement—permits the holder to drive vehicles • Must pass Air Brake practical test for “A” (Authorized) endorsement.
$30
equipped with Air Brakes in the class of vehicle for which the • Must pass adjustment of the manual slack adjusters for “S”
person is licensed. Drivers of a Class 3 truck registered as a farm (Slack Adjuster) endorsement. Knowledge Test
truck equipped with air brakes are exempt from this requirement. • There is no additional charge for the Air Brake practical test if it is completed
at the same time you are road-tested for a higher class of licence.
$10

1. A bus is any vehicle with a seating capacity of at least 11 persons (including the driver) used primarily to carry passengers. It excludes vehicles used for personal transportation by the owner or with the owner’s permission. All charges are
2. School bus certificate is required. For further information contact the Manitoba Education, Training and Youth, Pupil Transportation at 204-945–6900. subject to change.
3. Mopeds are not allowed to be driven on highways with a speed limit exceeding 80 km/h, but may cross these highways.
 Basic Class 6 Licensing Requirements
Who must take a driver test Application and test requirements C) Road Test
The road test not only measures your ability to operate a motorcycle, it also
You must take a driver test for the class of vehicle you wish to drive An applicant for a Class 6 Learner Stage licence must be a minimum of 16
identifies errors that need to be corrected. There are two steps in this process:
if you: years of age and the holder of a valid Manitoba Driver’s Licence of any class
and stage. 1. Identify all motorcycle controls, describe their functions, and
• have never been licensed for that class of vehicle;
demonstrate their use.
• have not held a Manitoba licence within the past four years; or A) Knowledge Test
2. Operate your motorcycle in typical traffic situations in a safe
i) A Class 6 supplementary knowledge test on the safe operation of a
• hold a licence from outside Canada, the United States or and legal manner.
motorcycle is required. (This is not an open book test.) The test charge
other jurisdictions whose licences are not exchangable.
is $10 per test (subject to change). If you are in GDL, there is a seven-day Please ensure you check in 15 minutes before your appointment time.
You may be required to be retested if you: waiting period to retake the knowledge test if you are unsuccessful. You must supply a motorcycle in good working order and produce a Vehicle
Only one knowledge test per class of licence is allowed per day. If you are Registration Certificate confirming the vehicle is properly registered and
• have been involved in traffic accidents or convictions;
outside of the GDL program you are eligible to repeat a knowledge test insured. Failure to do so will result in the cancellation of the road test and
• have had your licence suspended; or the next working day. fees non-refunded.

• have a disease or disability that may affect your ability to ii) Once you have passed the motorcycle knowledge test you will be issued Applicants for a motorcycle driver's licence who have not held a motorcycle
drive safely. a Class 6 (M Stage) licence, which will allow you to operate a motorcycle driver's licence any time prior to April 1, 2002, from any jurisdiction, are
while taking the Motorcycle Training Course only. Once you have passed subject to a nine-month learning period before they are eligible to take a
Graduated Driver Licensing the motorcycle training course you will be eligible for the Class 6 Learner motorcycle road test. An applicant who demonstrates dangerous driving
Stage licence. Time served in the M Stage will not be credited to the during their road test may have to obtain permission from the Registrar
Drivers who applied for their first Class 6 Driver’s Licence on or after
9-month Learner Stage period. before attempting another road test. If you are in GDL and fail the road test
April 1, 2002 are in the Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) Program and
there is a 14-day waiting period to retake it.
are subject to the GDL stages and restrictions while operating
B) Visual and Medical Requirements
a motorcycle.

Manitoba Class 6 Driver’s Licence Stages are:

Drivers who fail to meet minimum vision standards, with or without Change of name or address
corrective lenses, cannot obtain a driver’s licence. If corrective lenses are
You are required to notify your Autopac agent or Manitoba Public Insurance
L Learner Stage (minimum 9 months) required for driving, this will be indicated on your licence. Applicants
within 15 days of any change in your name or address.
I Intermediate Stage (minimum 15 months)* who fail to meet the minimum medical or vision standards may have
their licence suspended until further information is filed. A vision and/or For more information call us at:
F Full Stage
medical report may be required. 204-985–7000 or toll-free at 1–800–665–2410
M Motorcycle Training Course —permits operation of a motorcycle
while taking the motorcycle training course only. Before taking a knowledge test, an applicant for a driver’s licence who Website: www.mpi.mb.ca
*A driver is only required to complete the Intermediate Stage once. Therefore, has a disease or disability that may affect their ability to drive safely
time served in the Intermediate Stage in Class 5 will be applied to the Intermediate must inform Medical Records, Box 6300, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 4A4,
Stage in Class 6. phone 204-985–1900 or toll-free at 1–866–617–6676.

If a medical report is required, it must be approved by Medical Records

before you can take the knowledge test.

Manitoba Health will not pay for third-party requests for a medical report
including related examinations, tests, or telephone calls to physicians.
Applicants are responsible for these costs.
 Graduated Driver Licensing
Graduated Driver Licensing Class 6 Learner (L) Stage driving restrictions (Minimum Drivers with Authorized Instruction in Class 6 must adhere to certain
conditions. You must:
9 months)
On January 1, 2003, Manitoba introduced a Graduated Driver Licensing
Program (GDL) for Class 5 and 6 driver’s licences. Drivers who applied for their • Maintain zero blood alcohol content while operating a motorcycle • maintain zero blood alcohol content while operating
first Class 6 driver’s licence on or after April 1, 2002 are in GDL and are subject a motorcycle;
• No passengers
to the GDL stages and restrictions while operating a motorcycle.
• not carry a passenger;
GDL is a three-stage licensing process that is designed to help new drivers, • No night-time driving (1/2 hour before sunset to 1/2 hour after sunrise)
regardless of age, acquire the knowledge and skill needed to safely operate • not operate off-road vehicles along or across highway (unless
• No towing of vehicles
a motor vehicle. Whether you are 16 or 60, GDL enables new drivers to gain driver holds a minimum Class 5 Intermediate Stage licence).
experience under conditions where the risk of having a collision is lower. • No operating of off-road vehicles along or across highways (unless

The three stages of GDL are the Learner Stage, the Intermediate Stage and
driver holds a minimum class 5 Intermediate Stage licence) Motorcycle Training Course
the Full licence Stage. Prior to obtaining the Motorcycle Learner Stage, Class 6 Intermediate (I) Stage (Minimum 15 months)* Any person applying for their first motorcycle learner’s licence on
a driver must complete the Motorcycle Training Course. Each stage has or after January 1, 2003 will be required to complete an approved
To graduate to this stage, you must pass the Class 6 road test. While in the
specific restrictions imposed on the new driver that will reduce the Motorcycle Training Course in order to qualify for a Class 6
Intermediate Stage, you must maintain zero blood alcohol content.
opportunity and likelihood of them engaging in risky driving behaviour. Learner (L) Stage Licence.
Drivers in the Intermediate Stage may carry a passenger, tow a vehicle and
This one-day course will provide the new motorcyclist with the basic
Manitoba Class 6 Driver's Licence Stages are: may operate off-road vehicles along or across highways.
skills required to operate a motorcycle. This is a user pay course,
M Motorcycle Training Course—permits operation of a motorcycle while *A driver is only required to complete the Intermediate Stage once. Therefore, time served which is offered province-wide. Contact your nearest Autopac agent
taking the motorcycle training course only in the Intermediate Stage in Class 6 will be applied to the Intermediate Stage in Class 5 and or Manitoba Public Insurance Service Centre for further information.
L Learner Stage (minimum 9 months) vice-versa.
I Intermediate Stage (minimum 15 months)*
F Full Stage Class 6 Full (F) Stage
*A driver is only required to complete the Intermediate Stage once. Therefore, time served in the After spending a minimum of 15 months in the Intermediate Stage, you
Intermediate Stage in Class 5 will be applied to the Intermediate Stage in Class 6. will graduate to the Full Stage. For the first 36 months you must continue
to maintain zero blood alcohol content while operating a motorcycle.
(M) Stage Motorcycle Course requirements
To be eligible to apply for a Learner licence, you must be at least 16 years of
Authorized Instruction (A) Stage (non-GDL Learner Stage)
age. You must pass a knowledge test. You will then be issued a Class 6 M Stage An Authorized Instruction Stage applies to: * The law about blood alcohol content (BAC) changed in
licence. This M stage licence will allow you to operate a motorcycle while December 2006.
• drivers who held a Motorcycle Instruction Permit prior to
taking an approved Motorcycle Training Course. If you entered GDL before the law changed:
April 1, 2002;
• you must have no alcohol in your blood for the first 12 months.
Once you have completed the Motorcycle Training Course, you will be issued
• experienced Class 6 drivers who have been de-classed; or
with the Motorcycle Learner Stage Licence. Time served in the M Stage will If you entered GDL after the law changed:
not be credited to the 9 month Learner Stage period. • experienced drivers transferring to Manitoba and require • you must have no alcohol in your blood for the first 36 months.
driver examinations.
 Graduated Driver Licensing Class 6
Zero Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) Restricted
Issue 6 M
(Motorcycle Issue 6 L (Learner) Issue 6 I (Intermediate) Issue 6 F (Full)*
Training Course)

Minimum 9 months Minimum 15 months 36 months

Pass knowledge test Complete an approved motorcycle Pass road test Graduate to Full Stage
training course

Motorcycle Training Learner Stage Intermediate Stage* Full Stage

Course
• Minimum age 16 • Must pass motorcycle road test • Zero BAC restriction for first 36 months

• Must complete an approved • Minimum 15 months in this stage, excluding licence interruptions
motorcycle training course • Zero BAC * The law about blood alcohol content (BAC) changed in
December 2006.
• Minimum nine months in this • May carry a passenger
stage, excluding licence interruptions If you entered GDL before the law changed:
• Towing permitted • you must have no alcohol in your blood for the first 12 months.
• Zero BAC
• May operate off-road vehicles along or across a highway If you entered GDL after the law changed:
• No passengers • you must have no alcohol in your blood for the first 36 months.
• No towing permitted * Time served in the Intermediate Stage in Class 5 will be applied to the
Intermediate Stage in Class 6. Therefore a driver is only required to complete
• No night-time driving ( 1/2 hour before
the Intermediate Stage once.
sunset to 1/2 hour after sunrise)

Keep your licence valid!

The Manitoba driver’s licence is valid for up to 5 years. The driver’s licence charge and base driver If drivers in the Learner or Intermediate Stage do not renew their licences, they will not earn credit for
premium are assessed annually and due for payment on your anniversary date (which is four months the period of time they are not licensed. If you own a vehicle, your Autopac will be renewed and expire
less 1 day after your birthday – i.e. if your birthday is September 21, your anniversary date is January 20). at the same time as your driver's licence.
Introduction
This handbook provides basic information on the safe and legal
operation of a motorcycle in Manitoba. When preparing to qualify
for a motorcycle operator’s licence, you should also refer to the
Driver’s Handbook.

A valid Class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 licensed driver may operate a moped

without further licensing, but the rules and safe driving practices
outlined in this handbook also apply.

Definition of a Motorcycle and a Moped

A Motorcycle is a motor vehicle, other than a tractor, which:

(i) is designed to travel on not more than three wheels;

(ii) has a seat or saddle for the rider sitting astride; and

(iii) is capable of attaining a speed of 50 km per hour or more.

It includes motor-powered bicycles and motor scooters.

A Moped is a motor vehicle that:

(i) has two or three wheels, each of which is 250 mm in diameter

or more;

(ii) has a seat or saddle having a minimum height of 650 mm

without any weight on it, when measured from the ground level
to the top of the forwardmost part of the seat or saddle; and

(iii) can be driven at all times by pedals only if so equipped,by motor

only or by both pedals and motor, and the motor has a piston
displacement of not more than 50 cubic cm or is an electric
motor, neither of which is capable of enabling the moped to
attain a speed greater than 50 km per hour.

Motorcycle Handbook • 3
How to Book Your Test Appointments
Winnipeg

How to book your Hours to call the

knowledge or road test Appointment Centre:
1. Buy a test receipt* from one of Regular hours
these locations: (after Labour Day until June’s
first Monday):
• Any Autopac agent
• One of our Service Centres • Monday to Thursday:
(see the list below) 7:30 am to 5:45 pm
• Our Cityplace Service Centre • Friday: 7:30 am to 4:45 pm

*For cost, look under Key points about Summer hours

your tests (after June’s first Monday until
Labour Day):
2. With your test receipt, call
985–7788 up to eight weeks in • Monday to Friday:
advance, for your test appointment 7:30 am to 4:45 pm
at one of these test locations:

• 15 Barnes Street (at Bison Drive)

• 40 Lexington Park
(at Gateway Road)
• 1284 Main Street
• 930 St. Mary’s Road
• 125 King Edward Street East
• 1103 Pacific Avenue
• 420 Pembina Highway

4 • Motorcycle Handbook
Portage la Prairie or Thompson

How to book your Hours to call the

knowledge test Appointment Centre:
No appointment needed. Visit our Regular hours
Testing Centre in one of (after Labour Day until June’s
these locations*: first Monday):
• Monday to Thursday:
• Portage la Prairie 7:30 am to 5:45 pm
Provincial Building • Friday: 7:30 am to 4:45 pm
25 Tupper Street N.
Summer hours
• Thompson
(after June’s first Monday until
53 Commercial Place
Labour Day):
*For cost, look under Key points about • Monday to Friday:
your tests 7:30 am to 4:45 pm

Regular office hours

• Monday to Friday:
8:30 am to 4:30 pm

How to book your road test

1. Buy a test receipt* from one of
these locations:

• Any Autopac agent

• One of our Service Centres

*For cost, look under Key points about

your tests

2. With your test receipt, call

the Appointment Centre,
1–800–782–0777, for your
appointment

Motorcycle Handbook • 5
Arborg, Beausejour, Brandon, Dauphin, Steinbach,
Winkler or at a Mobile Test Unit

How to book your Hours to call the

knowledge or road test Appointment Centre:
1. Buy a test receipt* from one of Regular hours
these locations: (after Labour Day until June’s
• Any Autopac agent first Monday):
• Service Centres in Arborg, • Monday to Thursday:
Beausejour, Brandon, Dauphin, 7:30 am to 5:45 pm
Steinbach, Winkler or a Mobile • Friday: 7:30 am to 4:45 pm
Test Unit, in remote areas only
Summer hours
*For cost, look under Key points about (after June’s first Monday until
your tests Labour Day):
• Monday to Friday:
2. With your test receipt,
7:30 am to 4:45 pm
call the Appointment Centre,
1–800–782–0777, for your
appointment

6 • Motorcycle Handbook
Key points about your tests

Cost* General Testing Information

• A knowledge test costs $10. • There is a 30 minute time limit to
complete a knowledge test
• Costs for road tests:
• Class 1 licence: $50 • Both knowledge and road tests are
• Class 2 or 3 licence: $45 conducted during weekdays only
• Class 4 licence: $35 (with the exception of holidays)
• Class 5 licence: $30 at most locations. Saturday
• Class 6 licence: $30 appointments are available at
• Air Brake: $30** some Winnipeg locations

* Cost may change • Only one knowledge or road

** There is no additional charge for the air test of the same class may be
brake test if you are taking a road test for completed per day
a class 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 licence and the vehicle
• There is a waiting period between
you are using for the test is equipped with
the knowledge and road test for
air brakes
some classes of licences
• No cost applies for tests in these
• If you are in GDL and are not
two situations:
successful on your road test,
• you’re 65 or older; or
there is a waiting period before
• Medical Records requires you to
you can take another road test
take the test
• The knowledge test is not an open
book test. Cellular phones and
electronic devices are not allowed
in the test area

• Please check-in 15 minutes

prior to your scheduled
appointment time

If you need to call one of these locations other than to book a test
appointment:

• In Winnipeg call 204–985–7000

• Outside Winnipeg call 1–800–665–2410

Motorcycle Handbook • 7
Manitoba’s New One-Piece
Driver’s Licence
When you apply for a new driver’s licence you will receive Manitoba’s
new one-piece driver’s licence. All Manitobans will be transitioned to the
new one-piece driver’s licence by February 2011. During this transition
period, some Manitobans will still have a two-piece licence, while others
will have the one-piece.

When you are issued a new Manitoba driver’s licence, you will be provided
with a temporary driver’s licence certificate (valid for up to 45 days). You
must carry your temporary driver’s licence certificate with you at all
times until you receive your permanent driver’s licence in the mail.

When you get your first driver’s licence, you will be photographed at
your Autopac agent or at a Manitoba Public Insurance Service Centre.
You’ll need a new photo every five years.

Manitoba’s new one-piece driver’s licence

Drivers under the age of 18 years are issued Photo Cards that show the
exact date of the driver’s eighteenth birthday.

8 • Motorcycle Handbook
Renewals Last Five Years
After March 1, 2010, your licence could be valid for up to five years.
You’ll still pay for your driver’s licence each year. We’ll send you a
Statement of Account each year between renewals, to tell you how much
you owe. Changing everyone over to five-year renewals will take a few
years. Until the changeover is finished, your driver’s licence may last
from one to five years.

Your driver’s licence must be in your possession at all times while

driving and must be produced, along with the Vehicle Registration Card,
when requested by a peace officer.

Keep Your Licence Valid

The Manitoba driver’s licence is valid for up to five years. Your licence
expiry date is printed on the front of your licence. It is your responsibility
to know when your licence expires and renew it.

Each year your licence will be reassessed. You will be required to pay for
your driver’s licence every year on your anniversary date, which is four
months less a day after your birthday e.g. if your birthday is September 21
your anniversary date is January 20. If you are in the Learner or
Intermediate Stage and do not pay the assessed charges for your licence
by the anniversary date your licence will not be valid. You will not earn
credit for the period of time you are not licensed.

Illegal Use of Driver’s Licence

You may be fined and your driver’s licence suspended if you misuse a
driver’s licence, by:

• allowing someone else to use your driver’s licence;

• misrepresenting yourself when applying for a driver’s licence;

• using an outdated or otherwise invalid licence;

• altering, in any way, a registration card, a licence, a motor vehicle

liability insurance card or a certificate of insurance;

• providing false identification when applying for a driver’s licence or

permit, or

• holding, at any time, more than one valid driver’s licence from Canada
or the United States.

Note: Both 1 and 2 part licences will exist during 2010/2011.

Motorcycle Handbook • 9
Preparing to Ride
Helmets
All motorcyclists and their passengers must wear an approved helmet
that is properly adjusted and securely fastened. The helmet must
conform to one of the following standards:

• Canadian Standards Association Standard d230, Safety Helmets

for Motorcycle Riders, and bearing the monogram of the
Canadian Standards Association Testing Laboratories.

• Snell Memorial Foundation, bearing the certificate of Snell

Memorial Foundation.

• United States of America Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard

218 with the Symbol dot.

• American National Standard Specifications for Protective

Head-gear for Vehicular User 290.1 with the American Standard
Institute label.

• British Standards Institute respecting motorcycle helmets.

The following persons are exempt from wearing a helmet:

• persons riding motorcycles in a legally authorized parade;

• bona fide members of the Sikh religion; and

• persons with certificates signed by a qualified medical

practitioner certifying that the person is, during the period
stated in the certificate, unable for medical reasons to wear
a safety helmet. They must present the certificate to a peace
officer on request.

10 • Motorcycle Handbook
Riding Gear
Proper riding gear is the only personal protection a rider has against the
natural elements and in case of an accident.

Always Wear a Helmet. A helmet is your only

protection against a serious or fatal head injury.

Wear Protective Clothing. Cover up from

head to foot. Leather is the best protection
against natural hazards like insects or debris
and provides the best protection from injury
in case of a fall. Heavy nylon and denim
are acceptable alternatives to leather.
All clothing should fit snugly, with no
hanging flaps or laces, and should allow
sufficient movement to operate the controls.
Clothing should be warm and ventilated.

Always Wear Eye Protection. Windshields or

fairings are no substitute for proper eye protection.
Momentary visual impairment from rain, wind,
dust, insects or debris can cause you to lose
control. Goggles or clear face shields designed
for your helmet provide the best protection.
Corrective glasses and sunglasses provide little
protection. Tinted shields should not be worn
in low light situations and “bubble” shields
distort your vision.

Motorcycle Handbook • 11
Always Wear Boots. They should be made of leather and at least cover
your ankle to provide good protection. They should be comfortable and
allow sufficient movement to operate the controls.

Consider the following points concerning your riding gear:

• Select a helmet that permits the use of prescription lenses

if required or sunglasses if desired.

• Your helmet should be routinely inspected for cracks or damage

that may make it useless in a crash.

• Be sure your eye protection is clean, free of scratches

and shatterproof.

• Bright or fluorescent colours such as yellow, red or orange

will make you more visible. Reflective tape can also be added
to your clothing, helmet and the motorcycle.

• Avoid rubber clothing. It is often not ventilated and provides

little protection in a fall.

12 • Motorcycle Handbook
The Motorcycle
Equipment
All motorcycles must be equipped with:

Lights • One but not more than two headlamps. For model
year 1975 or later, a headlamp must be on at all times
when being operated.

• A red running lamp and a red stop lamp at the rear.

• A white light that illuminates the rear licence plate.

• Front and rear signal lights for model year 1975

or later.

Brakes • On the front and rear wheel, capable of stopping the

motorcycle, on a dry, smooth, level road within
nine metres from a speed of 30 km/h.

Mirror • One rearview mirror on the left side. Two mirrors

are recommended.

Tires • Motorcycle tires must have at least .8 mm of tread.

Horn • Must be audible, under normal conditions, from a

distance of 60 m.

Muffler • Must be equipped with a noise muffler in good

working order.

Speedometer • In good working order.

Fenders • On the front and rear wheels, which effectively

reduces the wheel spray or splash of water from
the roadway.

Handlebars • Not more than 93 cm and not less than 53 cm wide.

The height of the handle grips and control may not
be more than 39 cm above the seat while the rider
is sitting on the motorcycle.

Front Forks • Not longer than 82 cm as measured from the bottom

of the lower triple tree to the centre of the axle.
Where a motorcycle is equipped with hydraulic front
forks, any extension of the front forks shall be of
one-piece construction.

Frame • It is illegal to alter the neck angle of the front frame

of the motorcycle.

Motorcycle Handbook • 13
Controls
The motorcycle controls should be within easy reach of the rider’s
hands and feet.

1 Choke Control:
1
Adjusts the
mixture of air and
6
gas and is usually 2
used to start a cold
engine. 3 9 7
4
8
2 Light Switches: A
dimmer switch is generally
located on the left handlebar.

3 Clutch Lever: Squeeze the lever

to disengage the clutch. Release
the lever to engage
the clutch.

4 Horn: Sound by pressing 5

10
the button.

5 Gear Selector: Shift

gears by lifting or
depressing the pedal. On
most motorcycles the lever is
on the left, while on some older
motorcycles it is on the right.

6 Instruments: All motorcycles must have a speedometer. Other

instruments may include an odometer, tachometer, high-beam indicator
light, neutral indicator light, turn-signal indicator light and a
gear indicator.

7 Front Brake Lever: Squeeze lever to apply front brakes.

8 Throttle: Rotate toward you to increase speed. Rotate away from
you to reduce speed.

9 Starter: Electric starters are usually located on the right handlebar.

Kick-starters are usually located above the right footrest.

10 Rear Brake Pedal: Press down to apply rear brakes. On most

motorcycles the lever is on the right, while on some older motorcycles
it is on the left.

14 • Motorcycle Handbook
The Right Motorcycle
Three important factors in motorcycle control are size, weight and
the rider.

Size. You should:

• have both feet on the ground when you stand, straddling

the saddle.

• feel comfortable with the position of the footpegs and handlebars

and be able to manipulate all hand and foot controls easily and
accurately when sitting astride the motorcycle.

Weight. You should:

• be able to push the motorcycle through a figure eight and

place it on both the side and main stand without straining.

• be able to lift your motorcycle upright should it fall over.

Rider. You should:

• suit the motorcycle to your height and weight.

• ensure that the motorcycle suits your riding ability.

Safety Checks
Safety-check your motorcycle often and especially before a long trip.
Check the motorcycle thoroughly after any collision or spill.

Tire Pressure
Tire pressure directly affects the handling of the motorcycle. Check the
pressure when the tires are cold, and adjust the pressure according to the
load you are carrying on the motorcycle. Inspect the tires for cuts and for
objects lodged in the treads, which could cause a puncture.

Wheels
Check wheels and rims for broken or loose spokes, or cracked or
damaged castings. Check the bearings or bushings for damages or wear.

Brakes
Be sure that the brakes are adjusted correctly and are functioning
properly.

Nuts, Bolts and Cotter Pins

Vibration can loosen fasteners. Check each fastener for tightness
and security. Pay special attention to all wheel, brake and steering
fasteners, as well as extra equipment such as fairings and saddle bags.

Motorcycle Handbook • 15
Throttle
The throttle should spring closed when released.

Clutch
Check the clutch operation for clutch “drag” or “slip”. If either condition
is noticed, adjust the clutch cable or have the clutch repaired.

Drive Chain, Drive Shaft or Drive Belt

When seated on the motorcycle, there should be at least two cm of play
at the centre of the chain. Be sure the chain is well lubricated. If the
motorcycle is equipped with a drive shaft, check the gear lubricant level.
If equipped with a drive belt, check for proper slack.

Gas, Oil and Coolant Levels

Check for proper levels and refill if necessary.

Cables
Replace if the cables are frayed or if the cable housing is damaged.
Be sure they are lubricated.

Lights
Clean and adjust the headlight if necessary. Check that the brake light
comes on and goes off with the application of each brake and check that
all lights and turn signals work properly.

Mirrors
Be sure they are clean and properly adjusted.

Horn
Check for proper operation.

16 • Motorcycle Handbook
Riding Your Motorcycle
Once the knowledge test is successfully completed you will be issued a
Class 6, M Stage licence. This M Stage licence will allow you to operate
a motorcycle while taking an approved Motorcycle Training Course.
Before riding a motorcycle on the road, you must successfully complete
the Motorcycle Training Course and be issued a Motorcycle Learner Stage
Licence. Make sure that you choose a safe place to learn to ride, free of
cars and pedestrians. Give yourself plenty of room to prevent injury or
property damage. Before you ride in traffic or on a highway, you should:

• know the position of all your controls and how to use

them properly.

• be able to use your clutch and change gears smoothly.

• be able to start and stop in a controlled manner.

• have good balance and control of your vehicle.

Before You Ride

Follow this 4-point procedure before you start your engine.

• Conduct the motorcycle safety check.

• Put on all your safety equipment.

• Mount the motorcycle from the left side, holding both

handlegrips firmly. Keep the motorcycle upright with both
feet on the ground for support.

• Move the motorcycle off its stand and be sure that the stand
is secure in its upright position.

Riding Position
When you are on the motorcycle, you should feel comfortable and
in control.

• Sit in a position where your elbows are

slightly bent when your hands are on the
handle bars. Keep your back straight
and lean slightly forward to
reduce wind resistance.

Motorcycle Handbook • 17
 • H
 old the throttle with your wrist lowered,
so you can easily reach the brake with
your fingers.

• W
 hen moving, your feet should be level
and firmly on the footpegs and ready to
use the foot controls at all times.

• Maintain slight pressure on the fuel tank with your knees.

Starting
Starting and stopping are two of the most common areas where
beginner motorcycle operators lose control.

A controlled start requires smooth coordination of the clutch and

throttle. You must be able to start, upshift and downshift without
jerking the motorcycle or lugging the engine. When downshifting,
pull in the clutch and slightly increase the engine speed. If the engine
speed does not match the speed of the motorcycle, the rear wheel may
skid when the clutch is released.

When starting on hills:

• Use the front brake to hold the motorcycle from rolling back.

• Start the engine and shift into first gear.

• Change to the foot brake and release the front brake to allow
operation of the throttle.

• Gradually release the clutch and foot brake to start off smoothly
and to prevent stalling the engine.

Stopping
A controlled stop in wet or dry conditions requires that both front and
rear brakes be applied at the same time without locking them. Practice
will tell you when the brakes are close to locking: the front tire will
start to whine; the rear tire will start to shudder. Practice using your
brakes in a controlled setting, before riding in traffic.

The front brake provides 70% of the braking force and is the strongest
brake on the motorcycle. Squeeze the front brake lever gradually and
evenly. Do not apply the lever harshly. A locked rear brake can usually
be controlled; a locked front brake rarely can.

18 • Motorcycle Handbook
Downshifting can also greatly increase the stopping force of a
motorcycle. Always downshift when slowing down or when preparing
to stop. Downshifting keeps the motorcycle in a gear that will allow
you to accelerate quickly if necessary.

Special caution should be taken when braking under the following

conditions:

• slippery or rough road surface.

• leaning into a turn.

• turned front wheel.

• If you are in a line of traffic, first flash your brake lights to alert
those behind you, then apply your brakes steadily.

• Know what is behind you. Most vehicles cannot stop as quickly

as you can. You must compensate for this by braking earlier
and gradually.

• Always leave plenty of distance between you and the

vehicle ahead.

• Always use both brakes. Apply them at the same time.

• Never ride with the brake partly applied; it turns on your brake
light, which confuses other drivers and causes premature
brake wear.

• When speed drops below 10 km/h, disengage clutch and put

gear in neutral just as you stop. Use the hand brake as you drop
your foot for support.

Motorcycle Handbook • 19
Lane Changing, Turning and Cornering
Lane Changing
Signal and shoulder-check before changing from one traffic lane to another.
Multiple lane changes may be made in a single, continuous movement
after one clear signal and check. When changing from one tire track
to the next within the same lane you are required to shoulder check prior
to moving.

Remember that the best check of what is behind you is a shoulder check.
Motorcycle mirrors often provide a limited view that may be blurred
by engine or suspension vibration.

Right Turns
When turning right, turn from the right tire-track of the right lane
onto either tire-track of the right lane of the other road.

20 • Motorcycle Handbook
Left Turns
When turning left, turn from the left tire track of the left lane, and turn
left of the centre of the intersection, onto either track of the left lane.

Slow Turns
Slow riding and slow turning require good control and balance. To turn
a motorcycle at a slow speed, turn the handlebars in the direction you
wish to proceed, just as you would on a bicycle. Lower your right wrist so
you do not unintentionally take too much throttle. Keep both feet on the
footpegs for balance and control; keep your right foot poised over the rear
brake pedal.

Cornering and Counter-steering

At speeds faster than 20 km/h, a motorcycle must be leaned to turn
or corner. The centrifugal force created by the turn pushes the motorcycle
outward. To counter the centrifugal force, you must rely on the
gravitational force created by leaning inward in the direction of the turn.

Counter-steering is the most effective way to produce the inward lean

required in cornering on a motorcycle. To counter-steer, you must
push on the handlebar with the hand nearest to the direction you
wish to turn:

• To turn right, push on the right handlebar.

• To turn left, push on the left handlebar.

As the motorcycle begins to lean, you will turn the handlebars in the
direction of the lean. This will happen automatically as you lean into
the turn with the motorcycle.

Counter-steering will help you to avoid debris, potholes or a collision.

Motorcycle Handbook • 21
High-Speed Turning
Practise counter-steering on all turns or corners over 20 km/h; it is the
quickest way to change directions on a motorcycle. When cornering:
if you increase the speed, increase the angle of lean.

When turning at speeds over 20 km/h:

• Keep your head up and look forward to where you want to go.

• Always slow down by braking and/or downshifting before

entering the turn.

• Lean in the direction of the turn.

• Keep the throttle position constant.

• Accelerate slightly coming out of the turn to straighten up.

Since the motorcycle has less tire surface on the road and less friction
between the road and each tire, when leaning into a turn:

• Avoid shifting gears or braking; an increase or decrease in speed

will reduce your control of the motorcycle.

• Watch for debris, sand, potholes, bumps, manhole covers and

pavement cracks.

• Reduce your speed when the road surface is wet or has debris
on it.

Passengers and Cargo

Avoid carrying passengers or cargo until you are confident of your
balance and control of the motorcycle.

Carrying passengers or cargo will change motorcycle:

• balance

• steering

• acceleration

• braking

Passengers
When carrying passengers, always:

• Allow more room to manoeuvre and brake in traffic.

• Instruct your passenger how to ride with you and not to give
hand signals.

22 • Motorcycle Handbook
 8
5

3
6
2

1 Sudden movement can cause a change of direction. The passenger

should always move when you do: leaning forward when you accelerate,
back when you slow down and with you when you are taking a corner.

2 Adjust the shock absorbers; check the slack in the drive chain.
3 Both of the passenger’s feet should always be on the pegs—even
when you are stopped. Hot pipes and mufflers are a major hazard.

4 Make sure your motorcycle is ready and built for carrying another
person. You will need to check the owner’s manual. Add the specified
amount of air pressure to the tires.

5 The person behind you should sit as far forward as possible without
crowding you, and hang on securely to your waist or hips.

6 You must have a proper seat and footpegs that allow the passenger
to sit behind you without moving you from your normal position.

7 Adjust the angle of the headlight.

8 Make sure your passenger wears protection gear similar to your own.
Remember, the holder of a Class 6 Stage L (Learner) or Class 6 Stage A
(Authorized Instruction) is not permitted to carry passengers.

Motorcycle Handbook • 23
Cargo
Motorcycles are not designed to carry cargo. Small loads can be carried
safely if they are properly positioned and fastened.

When loading a motorcycle:

• carry cargo in equipment designed for your motorcycle, such as

in a tank bag or in saddle bags.

• if the cargo is lashed to the tank or seat, be sure it is evenly

distributed and well secured.

• be sure that the tie straps or mounting brackets will not

interfere with moving parts like a drive chain, the swing arm
or the shocks.

• try to keep the cargo in front of the rear axle.

• do not carry unfastened cargo between your knees or in

your hands or arms.

• do not overload the motorcycle.

• check the securing devices frequently.

24 • Motorcycle Handbook
Road Position
In the eyes of another motorist, a motorcycle approaching from behind
or ahead is only one-third to one-half the size of a car. It is vital that a
motorcyclist is able to see and be seen.

Lane Position
Ride in a position where you can see other traffic and where they can see you.
Occupy your lane in a position which discourages drivers from moving
alongside you. Stay near the centre of your lane, without riding on the
centre strip between the two tire tracks. The centre strip may be slippery
from oil leaked from vehicles. This is especially true around intersections
where vehicles stop and allow time for the oil to accumulate.

Never ride in other motorists’ blind spots when riding behind or

beside them.

Wrong–Blind spots

Right–Rear-view
mirror visibility

Keep to the right side of your lane when approaching the crest of a
hill or when riding around corners. Oncoming motorists may crowd
your lane.

Motorcycle Handbook • 25
Dominant Riding Position
When riding on a multi-lane roadway it is recommended that you ride in
the dominant position. This is in the tire track that is closest to the line
that separates the lanes travelling in the same direction. This will give
a rider an area that they can maneuver into should they be forced out of
the tire track that they are riding in. It also reduces the chance of another
motorist from boxing you in and reducing your maneuvering space.

Following
Following vehicles too closely reduces
your reaction time and stopping
distance. It also reduces your view
of traffic around you and the road
surface ahead of you. Ride where
the motorist ahead can see you in
the rear view mirror.

Don’t follow too closely.

Wrong–Rider
cannot see hole
in front of truck.

Right–Rider has
time to avoid hole.

26 • Motorcycle Handbook
Following Distance
Use a four-second following distance when following another
vehicle under ideal driving conditions. To check yourself for proper
following distance:

1) Wait until the car ahead passes any landmark (a shadow, a tree,
a post, a sign).

2) Start counting, “One-thousand and one, one-thousand and two,

one-thousand and three, one-thousand and four.”

3) You should pass the landmark no sooner than four seconds later.
In bad conditions, increase the count.

Be safe, give yourself plenty of stopping space.

4 seconds

Passing
When passing parked cars on a street with marked lanes, ride in the
left track of the passing lane and reduce your speed. This will give you
more time and distance to react should a door open in front of you or a
pedestrian emerge between parked cars. When passing parked cars on
residential streets, ride a reasonable distance (approximately 1.3 to
1.8 m) from the parked cars.

If a vehicle is overtaking or passing you, keep in the left tire track.

If you move to the right, you will encourage motorists to share
your lane.

When meeting oncoming traffic, especially large vehicles, be prepared

to move to the right of your lane to avoid the air turbulence.

Motorcycle Handbook • 27
Intersections
Most collisions occur at intersections with vehicles making left turns
or with vehicles entering from side streets. To avoid a collision at
an intersection:

• Look ahead, behind, left and right to assess an intersection

for potential dangers. Ride in a position where you can be seen.
You may have to sound your horn to draw the attention of other
motorists who may be looking directly at you or past you.

• Give yourself room to manoeuvre. Never ride in a position where

there is no way out.

• Be prepared to stop. Reduce your speed and cover your brakes

(have your hand over the front brake lever and your foot over
the rear brake pedal). Your right-of-way means nothing if
there is a vehicle in your path.

• Always move into position well ahead of the intersection so

that other road users know you are not going to turn.

• If an oncoming driver wants to turn left, slow down and

approach cautiously.

• Slow down and be ready to move to the left or right of your lane,
whichever will give you more room.

28 • Motorcycle Handbook
 • If a car is about to enter from the right side of the intersection,
move to the left of your lane and be prepared to stop.

• If traffic is entering the intersection from both sides, stay in the

left tire track in your lane to even out the space on either side.
Be prepared to stop.

Motorcycle Handbook • 29
In Traffic
Never pass vehicles that are slower or stopped by cutting between
lanes of traffic. There is no room to manoeuvre and no way out should
a door open in front of you or should a vehicle change positions within
the lane.

Don’t cut in between lanes of traffic.

Right

Wrong

Group Riding
Avoid riding in large groups. They interfere with traffic and are
separated easily. If your group is larger than four, divide it into two
or more groups.

Plan your route in advance to avoid confusion. Slower or inexperienced

riders should lead. Never ride directly beside another motorcyclist.
Sharing a lane limits room to manoeuvre and reaction time. Always
ride in a staggered formation, following the four second rule. At
highway speeds, increase the count to five, and in bad conditions,
make it at least six.

4–5 seconds

4–5 seconds 4–5 seconds

30 • Motorcycle Handbook
Parking
When parking near a curb, position
the motorcycle at a 45 degree angle. 45°
The motorcycle will be more visible to
motorists looking for a place to park.

Motorcycle Handbook • 31
Road Hazards
Slippery Surfaces
Slippery surfaces reduce the friction between the motorcycle tires and
the road surface. Be careful of:

• Wet pavement, especially after it starts to rain and before

surface oil and dirt are washed away.

• Oil slicks created by drippings from other vehicles,

especially in the centre portion of the lane.

• Wet metal such as manhole covers and bridge gratings.

Wet lane markings should also be avoided.

• Snow and ice should be completely avoided.

If you cannot avoid riding on slippery surfaces:

• reduce your speed;

• use both brakes smoothly and gradually;

• avoid sudden moves; and

• shift to a lower gear for better traction, and release the

clutch gradually.

Loose Material on Surfaces

You may find paved roads slippery when covered with sand, gravel,
mud or leaves. They are similar to wet pavement but they can be even
more dangerous.

When approaching loose material on a roadway:

• Reduce your speed.

• Grip the handlebars firmly.

• Raise your body slightly off the seat for better balance, and move
slightly to the rear for better traction.

• Keep your arms and wrists loose to permit the front wheel to
move a little, as it likely will.

• Keep your feet on the pegs.

• After you have reduced your speed, maintain an even and

constant throttle position.

32 • Motorcycle Handbook
Rough Surfaces
Try to avoid crossing rough surfaces such as bumps, broken pavement
or potholes. If you cannot avoid them, keep the motorcycle as upright
as possible and reduce your speed. You can stand on the foot pegs to
improve control and to avoid the shock to your body as you ride over
a hazard.

If you must travel over broken Keep your head up. You can
pavement or bumps, maintain lighten the front wheel by
a firm grip on the handlebars. leaning slightly backward,
accelerating as you meet
When crossing rough surfaces, the bump.
stand up slightly on the
pegs with your knees
flexed to absorb
the impact. Keep
your arms
relaxed.

Grated Surfaces
When riding over grated surfaces such as some bridges, the motorcycle
will tend to vibrate and wander back and forth. Do not try to counter this
movement. It is usually not dangerous. Keep your speed constant and ride
straight across.

Motorcycle Handbook • 33
Railway Crossings
It is not necessary to cross railway tracks head on at a full 90 degrees.
If there is other traffic, an angle of 45 degrees or better is enough,
and will eliminate the need for swerving, a risky manoeuvre.

Night Riding
No night-time driving is allowed in the Class 6 Learner Stage in gdl.
The Class 6 Learner may operate only during daylight hours— 1/2 hour
after sunrise to 1/2 hour before sunset.

Since riding conditions are more dangerous at night:

• Reduce your speed.

• Allow more distance when following to give yourself more time

to react. Keep a following distance of at least four or five seconds.

• Signal earlier, brake sooner, flash your brake lights.

• Only pass when necessary.

• Do not override your lights.

• Stay alert. Everything is more difficult to see at night. Stop if you

are tired.

• Keep your goggles, face shield, and windshield clean. If they are
badly scratched, replace them. Do not use tinted lenses.

• Be sure you are visible. Clean your lights and reflectors if they are
dirty. Wear bright colours or reflective clothing. Reflective tape
can be added to your clothing or the motorcycle.

• Use your low beams in rain, fog or smoke.

34 • Motorcycle Handbook
Do not use the high beam. It may blind you by illuminating the rain,
fog or smoke in the air.

High beam

Your low beam illuminates the road directly in front of you.

Low beam

Obstacles
If you suddenly come across an obstacle on the road:

• reduce speed;

• counter-steer;

• move to the safest side; and

• stay in your own lane.

If an obstacle cannot be avoided, ride over it in the same manner

as riding over rough surfaces:

• meet the obstacle head-on;

• slow down to reduce impact;

• stand up slightly on the pegs with your knees flexed to absorb

the impact; and

• lighten the front wheel by leaning slightly backward and

accelerating slightly as you meet the obstacle.

Motorcycle Handbook • 35
Emergencies
Blowout
Rear Tire
If the rear tire blows, When you’ve slowed
maintain your position on down, move to the
the motorcycle. Don’t right side of the road.
brake, ease off the
throttle instead.

Front Tire
If a front tire blows, hang on
firmly and try to steer straight.

Speed Wobble
If you develop a speed wobble:

• don’t brake;

• hang on firmly to the handlebars;

• do not try to stop the wobble;

36 • Motorcycle Handbook
 • gradually close the throttle;

• pull off the road as soon as you can; and

• check for unequal tire inflation, bent or misaligned wheels, loose

bearings, loose spokes or an improperly mounted windshield or
fairing. All of these are typical causes of unsteadiness.

Stuck Throttle
If your throttle sticks:

• immediately squeeze the clutch lever;

• rotate the throttle back and forth several times, and if you cannot
close the throttle, turn off the engine with “killswitch;” and

• steer off the road and brake to a stop.

Skids
Most motorcycle skids are caused by braking too hard with the rear
wheel, making it slip sideways.

In a slow speed skid:

• steer slightly in the direction of the skid slowly letting up on the

brake so the wheel can turn.

In a high speed skid:

• carefully pull the wheel into the turn to counter-steer out of

the skid.

Caution should be taken not to oversteer as this may cause the

motorcycle to tip over in the direction of the skid.

Steer slightly
in the direction
of the skid.
Let the brake
off slowly.

Motorcycle Handbook • 37
Leaving the Road
If you have to leave the pavement, Release the brakes
try to do all your slowing and just before you leave
steering before you leave the the pavement.
paved surface.
Rise slightly on
the footpegs, shift
your weight to
the rear and
brake gradually,
favouring the
rear brake.

38 • Motorcycle Handbook
Driving While Impaired
Alcohol
Alcohol is a depressant, not a stimulant. It reduces alertness and slows
normal reflexes. If you’ve had too much to drink, black coffee, food or a
cold shower won’t sober you up — only time will eliminate alcohol from
your body.

Impaired drivers are among the most dangerous, unpredictable

individuals on our roads and account for about half of all traffic
fatalities in Manitoba. That explains why, in this province, the
penalties for drinking and driving are severe.

If your ability to drive is impaired, a charge of impaired driving can

be laid regardless of what level of alcohol is found in your blood.
Accordingly, the safest rule to follow is: if you drink—don’t drive.

Impaired drivers usually fail to recognize they are impaired. Alcohol

or drug impairment delays reaction times, distorts vision and
impairs judgment.

Drugs
Prescription Drugs
Tranquillizers, antidepressants, sleeping pills and similar drugs can
affect driving ability even if taken in the prescribed dosage. Accordingly,
if you continue to drive while impaired by any medication, you can
be charged with driving while impaired. This will result in the same
consequences as if you were impaired by alcohol. Discuss the possible
effects of any medication with your doctor or pharmacist.

Illegal Drugs
Illicit drugs may cause hallucinations, hostility, and aggressiveness
in addition to dulling normal thought processes and slowing down
eye-hand coordination.

Never mix drugs and alcohol — even in small quantities.

For information contact:

Addictions Foundation of Manitoba
General Inquiries call 204-944–6200
Website: www.afm.mb.ca
Email: [email protected]

Motorcycle Handbook • 39
What can you do to prevent other people from
driving while impaired?
When you host a party, you can also take steps to discourage guests
from driving home if they have had too much to drink. Here are some
suggestions:

• Set up “house rules” that make driving home after drinking too
much not acceptable. Tell your guests about these rules before
they arrive! Then they can make alternative plans for going home
if they plan to drink.

• Offer guests fruit juices, mineral water and soft drinks as

­alternatives to alcoholic beverages.

• Don’t serve “one for the road.” It’s a good idea to close the bar at
least one hour before the party ends. Encourage guests to stay
for a while by serving food and tea, coffee or other non-alcoholic
­beverages at this point.

• Have enough spare cash on hand to lend to friends for taxi fare.

• Be prepared to have some guests stay overnight if necessary.

A little inconvenience and embarrassment (theirs, not yours) are
far better than risking impaired driving.

You don’t have to stop with just yourself or family and friends. Those
of us who belong to groups or clubs can challenge other members to
share a leading role in preventing impaired driving. Many groups and
­organizations sponsor parties and other social events where alcohol
is served. All members can participate in making sure no one drives
after drinking. People can take turns not drinking so they may drive
others home.

Drinking and Driving Anywhere is a Crime

Drinking and driving threatens everyone’s safety. Manitoba’s tough
laws on drinking and driving are now even tougher and apply to all
motor vehicles including off-road vehicles and special mobile machines
(SMM’s). An ORV is any motorized vehicle designed and adapted for
cross-country travel on land, water, ice, snow, marsh or other natural
terrain. Some examples of ORVs are:

• snowmobiles
• all-terrain vehicles
• dirt bikes

40 • Motorcycle Handbook
Special mobile machines are heavy and agricultural equipment, and
some examples are:

• front-end loaders
• cranes
• forklifts
• graders
• tractors
• combines

If you drink and drive, regardless of whether it’s an ORV, special mobile
machine or a motor vehicle, you will lose the right to drive these types
of vehicles.

What are the Consequences?

Novice drivers who violate the zero blood alcohol restriction will be
subject to a 24–hour roadside ­suspension. They will also be required
to attend a show cause hearing where further suspension action
will be considered. Novice drivers include drivers in the Learner and
Intermediate Stage of GDL, Authorized Instruction in Class 5 or Class 6,
and drivers in the first three years of the Full Stage Class 5 or Class 6.

Motorcycle Handbook • 41
 Anyone who operates a motor vehicle or an Off-Road Vehicle (ORV)
and has a blood alcohol concentration between .05 and .08 will face
a variety of consequences including:

• An immediate 24-hour roadside licence suspension;

• Pay a $50* driver licence reinstatement charge;

• A mandatory impaired driver’s assessment at your expense,

if you have more than one 24-hour roadside suspension in
three years.

In addition, any driver with a blood alcohol level over .08 or who refuses
to provide a breath or blood sample to police, or refuses a Field Sobriety
Test (FST) may face additional consequences including:

• An immediate 24-hour roadside licence suspension;

• An automatic three-month licence suspension;

• A vehicle impoundment (except SMM’s);

• A mandatory impaired driver’s assessment at your expense;

• Additional driver’s licence premium of $1000 or more.

Drivers convicted** of an alcohol-related driving offence under The

Criminal Code of Canada will be suspended and disqualified from driving
any kind of motor vehicle. A conviction** will result in a court-imposed
Canada-wide driving ­prohibition for a minimum one year, and a
mandatory driver’s licence suspension from one year to life.

Some licence suspensions, disqualifications and court imposed driving

prohibitions can be appealed to the Licence Suspension Appeal Board.
If successful in their appeal, drivers may be required to ­participate
in Manitoba’s Ignition Interlock Program for alcohol related driving
­suspensions and/or prohibitions.

* Charges and additional driver’s licence premiums are subject to change.

** A discharge under the Criminal Code of Canada for certain driving related
offenses may be treated as a conviction under The Highway Traffic Act.

42 • Motorcycle Handbook
 Licence Suspension for Other
Criminal Code of Canada Convictions
Driving a vehicle in Manitoba is a privilege. People convicted* of certain
offences under The Criminal Code of Canada will lose that privilege. Some
examples of these offences are: dangerous driving, criminal ­negligence,
flight from police, auto arson, auto vandalism, take vehicle without
owner’s consent, auto theft, possession of property obtained by crime,
and possess, sell or purchase master keys.

A conviction* of any these offences results in an automatic driver’s

licence suspension or eligibility to obtain a licence. It also disqualifies
you from operating an off-road vehicle. Anyone convicted of any such
offence faces a driver’s licence suspension ranging from one year to life.
Offenders under 16 years of age will have their suspension start on their
16th birthday.

* A discharge under the Criminal Code of Canada for certain driving related
offenses may be treated as a conviction under The Highway Traffic Act.

Motorcycle Handbook • 43
Driving While Suspended —
Consequences
Vehicles and off-road vehicles (ORVs) will be immediately impounded
for a minimum of 30 days for driving while the person is suspended or
prohibited from driving, or if the person is disqualified from operating
an ORV.

The vehicle will be impounded even if it is owned or registered by

­someone other than the operator at the time of the offence. It is
the owner’s responsibility to ensure that the user is not suspended,
­prohibited or disqualified. Vehicle owners will be responsible for the
costs of towing and storage, plus an impoundment fee, which must be
paid before a vehicle is released.

Additional consequences of driving while suspended can include:

• Imprisonment for up to five years and/or fines of up to $2000;

• A non-appealable licence prohibition under The Criminal Code which

means that a work licence cannot be obtained;

• A lifetime driver’s licence suspension under The Highway Traffic

Act; and,

• Additional driver’s licence premiums once the driver’s licence

is reinstated.

44 • Motorcycle Handbook
Driver Improvement and
Control Program
All drivers, including motorcycle drivers, are subject to the Driver
Improvement and Control Program. Drivers, who have driving
convictions, at-fault accidents or 24–hour alcohol or drug related licence
suspensions, are subject to interventions. These interventions include
advisory letters, warning letters, driver safety courses and Show Cause
Hearings to consider driver licence suspension.

New motorcycle operators are also subject to Graduated Driver Licensing

(GDL) restrictions. Should they breach their GDL licence restrictions, they
will be required to attend a Show Cause Hearing.

The possible outcome from the Hearing may include one or more of
the following:

• Driver licence suspension;

• Requirement to complete a driver’s course or driver examinations;

• Further restrictions on their licence; or,

• No action

For more information about Driver Improvement and Control, please

refer to the Driver Improvement and Control Program brochure or call
985–1989 or toll-free at 1–866–323–0545. For more information about GDL,
please refer to Foldout Two at the front of this handbook.

Motorcycle Handbook • 45
Driver Safety Rating
Your Driver Safety Rating is your position on a scale with 32 active levels.
Which level you’re on depends on your driving record. This affects how
much you pay for your Autopac and driver’s licence premiums.

If you’re a new Manitoba driver with your first driver’s licence, you’ll
be at the “base” level on the Driver Safety Rating scale for both vehicle
and driver’s licence premiums. After that, for each year you drive safely,
you’ll move up the scale and start saving.

How the Scale Works

Each year, we’ll send you a notice showing you where you are on the
scale, and what you owe for the next year. We place you on the scale
using your driving record for the past year.

No traffic convictions or at-fault accidents? You’ll move up the scale.

If you have traffic convictions or at-fault accidents, you’ll move down
the scale.

Moving up the scale means more merits, which usually results in

lower premiums. Moving down the scale means fewer merits (or more
demerits), along with higher premiums, in most cases.

Remember, each year of safe driving = one level up the scale.

46 • Motorcycle Handbook
Organ and Tissue Donation
Every year in Canada, thousands of people are waiting for organ and
tissue transplants. You can make the difference in the lives of many
people by deciding to become a donor. Everyone has the potential to be
an organ and tissue donor. The health of the donor, not the age, is the
most important thing considered. Generally, organ donors are healthy
people who have suffered an irreversible brain injury, as in a motor
vehicle accident or a brain hemorrhage. Organs and tissues that can be
donated include: kidneys, heart, lungs, liver, pancreas, small bowel,
corneas, solid bones and joints, skin and heart valves.

Sign a Donor Card Today and Discuss Your Wishes with

Your Family!
Signing a donor card is one way to indicate your wishes to be an organ
and tissue donor. However, donor cards are often not available at the
time of the donor’s death. Therefore, it is important that you discuss
your wishes with your family. Other people you may want to inform
of this wish are your clergy and family doctor. A Living Will is another
place where you can record your wishes. If you have named a proxy in
your Living Will, the proxy has precedence over the legal next-of-kin to
give consent for organ and tissue donation if you have discussed your
wishes with your proxy.

Drivers under the age of 18 years require the signature of a parent or

guardian. Simply cut out the card on the following page, complete
the information, and keep it with your Manitoba Health Registration
Certificate or Driver’s Licence so it’s visible for law enforcement and
hospital officials. Your donor card is a legal document that allows you
to give any or all tissues and organs after death.

Motorcycle Handbook • 47
For further information and extra donor cards, contact:

Transplant Manitoba – Gift of Life Program

www.transplantmanitoba.ca
204-787-1897

Tissue Bank Manitoba

204-940-1750

The Lions Eye Bank of Manitoba and Northwest Ontario Inc.

204-788-8419

48 • Motorcycle Handbook
 DONOR CARD
Direction under The
T Human Tissue Gift Act C.C.S.M. c. H180
I,
direct the use, after my death (please check ✓) of:
❑ any needed organs or parts of my body; or
❑ the following specified organs or parts of my body, namely:

for the following purposes:

❑ transplant and other therapeutic purposes;
❑ medical education; ❑ scientific research.

Donor Signature Date

Co-signature of parent or guardian Date

where donor is under 18 years of age.

Motorcycle Handbook • 49
 ORGAN AND TISSUE DONATION
If you wish to donate organ(s) or tissue after death, complete the
attached donor card and KEEP IT WITH YOUR MANITOBA HEALTH
REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE OR DRIVER’S LICENCE SO IT IS VISIBLE
FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AND HOSPITAL OFFICIALS.

IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO DISCUSS YOUR DECISION WITH

YOUR FAMILY TO ENSURE YOUR WISHES ARE FULFILLED.
Y

For more information on organ and tissue donation, please

contact one of the Human Tissue Gift Agencies listed below:
Transplant Manitoba-Gift of Life Program 204-787-1897
Tissue Bank Manitoba 204-940-1750
Lions Eye Bank of Manitoba and
Northwest Ontario Inc. 204-788-8419
(R-09/09)

50 • Motorcycle Handbook
 For further information, please see our website: www.mpi.mb.ca

$5.00 This publication is also available in large

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