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Edp

This document features the list of engineering drawing instruments with their uses together with elements of dimensioning, types of lines, and types of engineering drawing.

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Yuuki Chan
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233 views

Edp

This document features the list of engineering drawing instruments with their uses together with elements of dimensioning, types of lines, and types of engineering drawing.

Uploaded by

Yuuki Chan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EDP

DRAWING INSTRUMENTS AND USES

1. Drawing Sheet
 Is a white paper on which an object is drawn’
2. Drawing board
 Generally made of soft wood and is rectangular shaped which is used to support the
drawing sheet
 450 mm x 600 mm recommended size
3. T-square
 Is used to draw horizontal and vertical lines in the drawing sheet
 Head & blade
 The edge is uniform level on the edge of the board to make a perfect horizontal and
vertical line
4. Compass
 Used to draw arc and circles with known dimensions
 The needle is placed at the center point and pencil tip is adjusted to a height at least 1
mm just above the tip of the needle
5. Divider
 2 legs have needles which is used to divide a line or curve to equal parts
6. Set squares
 Used to draw lines with an angle between them
 Generally, set squares a re two types: 45 degree & 30-60 degree set square
7. Pencils
8. Triangular scale
 Used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or reduced proportion
9. Protractor
 Used to determine graduations of degrees when measuring arcs, circles and angles
10. Erasing shield
 Protect the drawing when clearing up smudges or unnecessary marks
11. Masking tape
 To fasten the drawing sheet to the drawing board
12. Tech pen
 Lines of constant width
13. French curves
 Used to draw small arcs or large spines which aren’t possible using a drafter

MAINTENANCE

1. T-SQUARE, TRIANGLES, FRENCH CURVES


 Don’t use tsquare for rough purposes
 Never cut paper along its working edge since plastics are easily damaged
2. RULER OR SCALE
 Should not be pricked with needle points of either divider or compass when
measurements are taken
 Don’t use scale as a ruler

TYPES OF LINES AND LETTERS

Engineering drawing is made up of


1. Graphic language – describes a shape
2. Word language – describe an exact size, location and specifications of the object

Intro to types of line


 Each line has a definite form and line weight
 Standard thick line is 0.6mm HB Lead
 Standard thin line weight is 0.3mm HB Lead
 Standard construction line weight is 0.5 mm 2H Lead

Line types according to application


1. Visible line – represent features that can be seen in the current view
 Dark, heavy lines
 Outline or contour of the object being drawn
2. Dimension, extension, and leader lines – indicate the sizes and location of features
Dimension lines – thin lines capped on the ends with arrowheads and broken along their length
for the dimension numeral, they indicate length
Extension lines – thin lines used to establish the extent of a dimension, begin 1.5 mm from the
object and extent to 3 mm beyond last dimension
Leader lines – thin lines used to connect a specific note to a feature
3. Hidden line – represent features that cannot be seen in the current view
 Light, narrow, short and dashed lines
 Used to clarify a feature, but can be omitted if they clutter the drawing
4. Center line – represent symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles and axis of axisymmetrical
objects
 Alternating long and short dashes
5. Section lines – thin line usually drawn at a 45 degree angle, indicates material that has been cut
in a sectional view
6. Cutting plane lines – thich broken lines that is laminated with short 90 degree arrowheads,
shows where a part is cut in half to better show the interior detail
7. Break lines
 Short breaks – used to break the edge or the surface of a part for clarify of a hidden
surface
 Long breaks – used to show that the middle section of an object has been removed
 Cylindrical breaks – used to show round parts that are broken in half to better clarify
the part or to reduce the length of an object
8. Phantom lines – thin lines made up of long dashes alternating with pairs of short dashes
 To show the alternate position of moving parts
 To show the relationship of parts that fir together
 To show repeated detail
LETTERING IN ENGINEERING DRAWING
LETTERING – is used to provide easy to read and understand information to supplement a drawing in the
form of note and annotations and must be written with:
 Legibility – shape & space between letters and words
 Uniformity – size & line thickness

Types of lettering:

1. Double stroke lettering – line width is greater (stencil is mainly used)


2. Single stroke lettering – single stroke

Conventions of lettering:

 Use capital letters


 Use even pressure to draw precise and clean lines
 One stroke per line
 Horizontal stroke are drawn left to right
 Vertical strokes are drawn downward
 Curved strokes are drawn top to bottom continuously on each side
 Use Kerning to eliminate excessive space between letters
Kerning – is adjusting spaces between characters, especially by placing two characters closer
together than normal
 Use the single stroke, gothic style of lettering
 Always skip a space between rows of letters
 Use very light guide lines
 Fractions are lettered twice the height of normal letters
 Fraction bars are always horizontal
 Use medium (B, HB, F or H) for normal lettering
 Use hard (2H to 4H) lead for drawing guide lines
 Notes should be double spaced

Title Block – title of drawing, drawing number, scale, name of the firm, symbol denoting the method of
projection, initials of staff who designed, checked & approved

DIMENSIONS AND THEIR TYPES

Dimension – is a numerical value expressed in appropriate units of measurement and used to define the
size, location, orientation, form or other geometric characteristics of a part

Elements of dimensioning

1. Dimension line – is a continuous thin lane and is indicated by arrowheads which is drawn
parallel to the surface whose length must be indicated
2. Projection or extension line – drawn perpendicular to the surface which is to be dimensioned
3. Construction line – indicate the dimension line, is extended slightly beyond the point of
intersection
4. Arrowheads – include angles of a minimum of 15 degrees, may be open or closed or filled
5. Leader or pointer lines – thin continuous lines drawn from a dimension

Units of dimensions – the dimension unit is millimeter. The unit of dimension is omitted while writing
the dimension figure and a footnote stating “ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM’ is written at the prominent
place on the drawing sheet.

Types of dimensioning systems:


1. Aligned system – dimensions are placed above the dimension line without any break and
written parallel to them
2. Unidirectional system – nasa gitna yung dimension sa dimension line

Arrangement and indication of dimensions

1. Chain dimensioning – a series of adjacent dimensions are arranged in one horizontal row
2. Parallel dimension – measured in the same direction from a common surface or line
3. Combined dimensioning – both the chain and parallel dimensions are used
4. Progressive dimensioning – adopted when dimension has to be established from a particular
datum
5. Dimensioning by coordinates – number of holes of different sizes have to be dimensioned
6. Equidistant dimensioning – simplified by giving the product of the number of spacing and the
dimension value
7. Repeated dimensionsing – when elements of the same size are repeated, the product of a
number of repeated values and the dimension value may be indicated in one features

PLANNING OF A SHEET

Drawing sheet consists of:

1. Borders
2. Filling margin – lot space a little larger at left hand
3. Title block – recommended 170 mm x 65 mm

TYPES OF ENGINEERING DRAWING

1. Isometric drawing – the object’s vertical lines are drawn vertically ad the horizontal lines in the
width and depth planes are shown at 30 degrees to the horizontal
2. Ortographic or Multiview drawing – imagine that you have an object suspended by transparent
threads inside a glass box
 Dimensioning
 Sectioning – used to better show the interior details that cant be seen from the outsie
 Drawing tools – computer-aided drafting or design (CAD)
 Assembly drawing- assembled and disassembled view to show interior elements
 Cross-sectional view – portrays a cut-away portion of the object and is another way to show
hidden components (cinucut sa shorter portion)
 Half-section – view of an object showing one-half of the view in section

GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION
 Construction of primitive geometric forms that serve as the building blocks for more
complicated geometric shapes
Involute – is the path of a point on a string as the string unwinds from a line, polygon, or circle.

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