SCIENCE 9

2nd QUARTER
Module 4

THE VARIETY OF CARBON

COMPOUNDS
“Carbon is so simple yet too complex”
-Anonymous

(Adopted from You and The Natural World Chemistry, Third Edition.,)

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 Expectations
This module will help you to explain why carbon is a unique atom and learn to differentiate
organic compounds from inorganic compounds in terms of its chemical formula, uses, and
properties.

After using this module, you are expected to:

● identify the group, period, family, number of proton, electron and neutron of
Carbon atom;
● determine the uniqueness of carbon atom;
● classify the compounds as an organic or inorganic compound; and
● differentiate organic from inorganic compound.

Pretest
Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the correct
answer on the space provided. Use Capital Letters.

1. Which of the following statements best describes organic compounds?

A. Organic compounds contain carbon atoms only.
B. Organic compounds are produced by living things.
C. Organic compounds contain oxygen and hydrogen only.
D. Organic compounds are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen.

2. What is the maximum number of bonds a carbon atom can form?

A. 4 C. 3
B. 5 D. 2

3. Which organic compound is used as a cleaning agent?

A. ethyl alcohol C. kerosene
B. gasoline D. liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

4. Which of the following compounds is inorganic?

A. CCl4 C. NaCL
B. CH4 D. CH2OH

5. What particular atom is present in organic compounds that make it different

from inorganic compounds?
A. Boron C. Chlorine
B. Carbon D. Sulfur

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Looking Back
Are you familiar with the PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS? Do you know how
to use it? What is Periodic Table of Elements? Periodic Table of Elements is a tabular
display of the chemical elements, which are arranged by atomic number, electron
configuration, and recurring chemical properties. You will be using a periodic table to
answer our first activity below.

Activity 1
WHO AM I?
Objective: Identify the group, period, family, number of proton, electron and neutron
of the atom being described.
Materials: Periodic Table of Elements
Procedure:
1. Label the drawing by choosing the answer from the word bank.
PART A
WORD BANK
PROTON
NEUTRON
ELECTRON
NUCLEUS
ENERGY LEVEL

2. Using the periodic table and given information, find what atom is being described.

SUB-ATOMIC NAME CHARGE FOUND INSIDE NUCLEUS

PARTICLES OR ENERGY LEVEL

PART B
Guide Question:
1. Based on the given information about the atom. What element does it
represent?
PART C
Using a periodic table, Complete the table below.
In what group is What family does Carbon belong
Carbon found? to?
In what period is List the other element symbols
Carbon found? that belong to the same family of
Carbon.
Brief Introduction

Look around you. Carbon is everywhere: In the paper of every book, the ink on its
pages, and the glue that binds it; in the soles and leather of your shoes, the synthetic
fibers and colorful dyes of your clothes, and the Teflon zippers and Velcro strips that fasten
them; in every bite of food you eat, in beer and booze, in fizzy water and sparkling wine;
in the carpets on your floors, the paint on your walls, and the tiles on your ceilings; in
fuels from natural gas to gasoline to candle wax; in sturdy wood and polished marble; in
every adhesive and every lubricant; in the lead of pencils and the diamond of rings; in
aspirin and nicotine, codeine and caffeine, and every other drug taken; in every plastic
from grocery bags to bicycle helmets, cheapfurniture to designer sunglasses. From your
first baby clothes to your silk-lined coffin, carbon atoms surround you.

electrons. A carbon atom is considered to be special and unique because it can bond with

other carbon atoms to an almost unlimited degree.

Carbon is the only element that can form so many different compounds because
each carbon atom can form four chemical bonds to other atoms, and because the carbon
atom is just the right, small size to fit in comfortably as parts of very large molecules.
Compounds are said to be of two types namely: Organic compounds and Inorganic
compounds. Organic compounds always have a carbon atom while most of the
inorganic compounds do not contain the carbon atom in them. Almost all organic
compounds contain the carbon-hydrogen or a simple C-H bond in them.

The difference between organic and inorganic compounds does not end with the
presence or absence of carbon atoms in them. These have characteristics of both the
types of compounds which are said to be different.

Activity 2

WHAT MAKES CARBON UNIQUE?

Objective: Determine the uniqueness of carbon atom.
Materials: Periodic Table of elements
Procedure: Fill in the required information in the table below:
 Note: The first element nitrogen is given as an example for Lewis Electron Dot
Structure.

Lewis Electron
Dot Structure
Group No. (blacken the
Element No. of appropriate
number of dots
valence electron
around the symbol
of element)

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Carbon

You are asked how many bonds a non-metal atom is likely to form, you could
easily answer this by saying how many more electrons they need to gain to get 8
valence electrons or a full octet. Atoms have completed eight valence electrons.

If you are asked how many bonds a metal atom is likely to form, you can easily
answer this by saying how many electrons they need to lose to remove their current
set of valence electrons.

The ability of carbon atom to bond with another carbon atom using single
(-), double(=) and triple( Ξ )bonds is one of its unique characteristics.

Activity 3

CLASSIFYING COMPOUNDS
Objective: Classify the compounds as organic and inorganic.
Procedure:
1. Complete the table below by classifying the compounds as organic and inorganic.
2. Write correctly the chemical formula of compounds in table 1 that you have
classified.
3. Use the periodic table to familiarize the symbol of elements.

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 (CH4) (CO(NH2)2)

(NH3)

Table 1

ORGANIC COMPOUND INORGANIC COMPOUND

Guide Questions:
1. What is your basis of classifying the compounds as organic and
inorganic? .

2. Can you give two examples each of organic and inorganic compounds aside from
the given compounds in the activity? .

Activity 4

ORGANIC COMPOUND
VS
INORGANIC COMPOUND
Objective: Differentiate organic from inorganic compound.
Procedure:
1. Read and study the table 1 Properties of organic and inorganic compounds below.
The difference between organic and inorganic compounds does not end with the
presence or the absence of carbon atoms in them. These have characteristics of both the
types of compounds which are said to be different.

PROPERTIES ORGANIC INORGANIC

Organic compounds consisting of They do not possess carbon
Composition hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and atom and their derivatives
their other derivatives
Type of Bond Organic compounds form Inorganic compounds form
covalent bonds ionic between the atoms of
molecules.

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 Phase of These compounds exist in the These exist as solid.
matter form of Solids, gases, and liquids.
Melting point These have relatively melting These have low melting and
and boiling points and boiling points. boiling points compared to
point. organic compounds
Solubility These are insoluble in water These are soluble in water and
also non-soluble in some of
the organic solutions.
Volatility and Organic compounds are said to These compounds are not
flammability be volatile and also highly inflammable and are non-
inflammable volatile in nature
Rate of The rate of reaction is slow in Inorganic compounds have a
reaction organic compounds high rate of reaction
TABLE 1. PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Direction: Complete the difference between inorganic compound a nd organic

compounds by fill in the blanks. Choose your answer from the box below.

No. Organic compound Inorganic compound

1. These are in water These are soluble in water and also
non-soluble in some of the organic
solutions.
2. Organic compounds are mainly found These compounds are found in non-
in most of the living things
3. Organic compounds are said to be These compounds are not
and also highly inflammable and are non-volatile in
inflammable nature
4. Organic compounds form covalent Inorganic compounds form
bonds between the atoms of
molecules.
5. These compounds exist in the form of These exist as .
Solids, gases, and liquids.

solid ionic bonds living things more volatile insoluble

Check Your Understanding

Many organic compounds are commonly used at home or in the community.
These organic compounds are used to fuel vehicles, light lamps, cook food, disinfect
wounds, flavor beverages and lubricate machines.

Direction : Classify the following examples of a compounds. Put a check ( √ ) on

the correct column.

Compound Organic Inorganic

1. Vinegar
2. Lard
3. Petroleum
4. Naphthalene
5. Charcoal
6. Hydrogen Peroxide
7. Kerosene
8. Iodine
9. Diamond
10.Insecticide

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Remember

Carbon is a non-metallic element with

a chemical symbol of C. It is the
fourth most abundant element in the
A carbon atom is
universe, and the 15th most abundant
considered to be
element in the Earth’s crust. It is also
special and unique
the second most abundant element in
because it can bond
humans after oxygen.
with other carbon
atoms to an almost
unlimited degree.

The primary difference that lies between

these organic compounds and inorganic
compounds is that organic compounds
always have a carbon atom while most of
the inorganic compounds do not contain
the carbon atom in them. Almost all the
organic compounds contain the carbon-
hydrogen or a simple C-H bond in them.

The most common fact that differentiates

organic compounds from inorganic
compounds is that the organic compounds
mainly result from the activities of a living
being. Whereas, inorganic compounds are
obtained from the natural processes that
are not related to any of the life forms on
earth or any result of human experiments
which are conducted in laboratories.

Post Test
Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which are true about organic compounds?
I. Organic compounds contain calcium.
II. Organic compounds contain carbon.
III. Organic compounds can be produced by living organisms.
IV. Organic compounds can be produced artificially.
A. I, II and III only C. II and III only
B. I and III only D. II, III and IV only
2. Why are carbon atoms able to form many organic compounds?
A. Carbon atoms attract electrons from another atom.
B. Carbon atoms have a strong attraction to other elements.
C. Carbon atoms can form many types of bonds with other carbon.
D. None of the above.
3. How many types of bonds can a carbon atom form?
A. 1 C. 2
B. 3 D. 4

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 4. Which of the following substances is inorganic compound?
A. Acetone ( C3H6O ) C. Hydrochloric acid ( HCl )
B. Glucose (C6H12O6 ) D. Methanol (CH3OH
5. The following are inorganic compounds EXCEPT .
A. salt C. limestone
B. baking soda D. kerosene

Reflection
Write your reflection based on the following guide questions:

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 Answer Sheet: Science 9 Module 4

NAME: Grade and Section:

Teacher: Date: Score:

Pre-Test: Part B
1.
2.
3. SUB-ATOMIC NAME CHARGE FOUND INSIDE
4. PARTICLES NUCLEUS
5. OR ENERGY LEVEL
Activity 1: WHO AM I?
Part A:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Guide Question:
1. Carbon

Part C:
In what group is Carbon What family does Carbon belong
found? to?
In what period is Carbon List the other element symbols that
found? belong to same family of Carbon.

Activity 2: WHAT MAKES CARBON UNIQUE ?

Lewis Dot Structure
(blacken the
Element Group No. No. of appropriate number of
valence electron dots around the symbol
of element)
Nitrogen

Oxygen

Carbon

Activity 3: CLASSIFYING COMPOUNDS

ORGANIC COMPOUND INORGANIC COMPOUND
Guide Questions:
1.
2.

Activity 4: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

VS INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1. 4.
2. 5.
3.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING: Post-Test

1. 6. 1.
2. 7. 2.
3. 8. 3.
4. 9. 4.
5. 10. 5.

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