UNIT 3

There is / There are

There is = Singular situations / an object or a person using countable and
uncountable nouns.
There are= Plural situations / objects or people using only countable nouns.
There is.
There is + a / an + object + complement.
Example.
There is a boy in the classroom.
Indefinite articles
A / an = un, una, uno.
A = It’s used when the next word starts with a consonant or sounds like a
consonant.
- a car, a soldier, a cup, a table, a boy, a girl, a man, a woman, a chair, a pear
- a university, a universe, a unit, a unicorn, etc.
An = It’s used when the next word starts with a vowel and sounds like a vowel.
- an architect, an almond, an engineer, an apple, an orange, an airplane, an
elephant, etc.
- an hour, an honest person, etc.
Any = ? / -
Some = +
Uncountable nouns
They are the objects you can’t count (generally the liquids, grains, meat)
- Money - Fire - Hair - sushi
- Rice - Salt - Cereal - rain
- Cheese - Bread - Land - wind
 - Water - Star - grass - air
- Sugar - Flour - love - mustard
- Coffee - Chocolate - hail - mayonnaise
- Butter - Juice - honey - Temperature
- Milk - Fish - Jelly - beer
- Sand - Spaghetti - ketchup - ground
- Meat - Smog - Tea - etc.
- Oil - Soup - Fruit
Examples with there is.
1. There is some money in my bank account.
2. There is a university in my city.
3. There is a lamp in my bedroom.
4. There is a bowl of butter.
5. There is a bottle of ketchup in the kitchen.
6. There is a unicorn in my story.
7. There is a book in the bookstore.
8. There is a car at the fair.
9. There is an apple in the tree.
10. There is an orange in the kitchen.
11. There is a plane in the sky.
12. There is a bowl of rice in the cabinet.
13. There is a guitar in my house.
14. There is a baby crying in my house.
15. There is a slice of chicken on my rice.
16. There is a dog barking in the park.
17. There is a dancer in the competition.
18. There is a drawing in the notebook.
19. There is an old armchair in my grandfather’s house.
20. There is a mouse in my house.
21. There is some water in my cup.
22. There is some bread in the bakery.
23. There is some honey in the bottle.
24. There is some fruit in the kitchen.
25. There is some oil in the bottle.
26. There is some milk in the shake.
27. There is some money in my pocket.
28. There is some popcorn in the bowl.
29. There is some sugar in my coffee.
30. There is some flour in the cake.
Y/N Questions.
1. Is there any money in the bank account?
Yes, there is. / Yes, there is some money in the bank account.
No, there isn’t. (any) / No, there isn’t any money in the bank account.

2. Is there a (any) bottle of ketchup in the kitchen?

Yes, there is. / Yes, there is a bottle of ketchup in the kitchen.
No, there isn’t. / No, there isn’t a (any) bottle of ketchup in the kitchen.

3. Is there an (any) apple in the tree?

Yes, there is. / Yes, there is an apple in the tree.
No, there isn’t. (any). / No, there isn’t an (any) apple in the tree.

4. Is there a (any) bowl of rice in the cabinet?

Yes, there is. / Yes, there is a bowl of rice in the cabinet.
No, there isn’t. (any). / No, there isn’t a (any) bowl of rice in the cabinet.

5. Is there a (any) mouse in my house?

Yes, there is. / Yes, there is a mouse in my house.
No, there isn’t. (any) / No, there isn’t a (any) mouse in my house.

6. Is there any water in my cup?

Yes, there is. / Yes, there is some water in my cup.
No, there isn’t any. / No, there isn’t any water in my cup.

7. Is there any bread in the bakery?

Yes, there is. / Yes, there is some bread in the bakery.
No, there isn’t any. / No, there isn’t any bread in the bakery.
There are
Countable nouns.
They are the objects or things which are countable. (They are possible to be
counted).
- Apples - Scissors - Lamps - Candies
- Bananas - Toys - Houses - T-shirts
- Computers - Animals - Video games - Pens
- Erasers - Autos - Papers (documents)
- Books - Sharpeners - Desks
 - Pencils - Laptops - Guitars
- Notebooks - Chairs - Glasses
- Cellphones - Color pencils - Cups
- Rulers - School bags - Vegetables
Converting uncountable nouns into countable nouns
We need to use containers, slices, portions, pieces, measures.
Examples with there are
1. There are some guitars in the music store.
2. There are some vegetables in the kitchen.
3. There are some chairs in the school.
4. There are some flowers in the flower pot.
5. There are books in the library.
6. There are two folders in my desk.
7. There are three candies in the bag.
8. There are seven chairs in the classroom.
9. There are four plates of meat on the table.
10. There are six notebooks in my schoolbag.
11. There are five apples in the kitchen.
12. There are some color pencils in my pencil case.
13. There eight school bags in the class.
14. There are some pencils in my pencil case.
15. There are some slices of sushi on the table.
16. There are some dogs in my house.
17. There are ten markers in my pencil case.
18. There are two birds in the tree.
19. There are two books on the table.
20. There are some beds in my house.
Y / N Questions
1. Are there any guitars in the music store?
Yes, there are. / Yes, there are some guitars in the music store.
No, there aren’t. (any) / No, there aren’t any guitars in the music store.

2. Are there five apples in the kitchen?

Yes, there are. / Yes, there are five apples in the kitchen.
No, there aren’t. (any) / No, there aren’t five apples in the kitchen
No, there aren’t any apples in the kitchen.

3. Are there four plates of meat on the table?

Yes, there are. / Yes, there are four plates of meat on the table.
No, there aren’t. (any) / No, there aren’t four plates of meat on the table.
No, there aren’t any plates of meat on the table.
Don´t have to / doesn’t have to
It is used when an activity or an action is not necessary to be done.
Examples.
1. You don’t have to play in the river alone.
2. She doesn’t have to run with her friends.
3. He doesn’t have to read books in my house.
4. They don’t have to go to school at night.
5. I don’t have to travel to Italy on vacation.
6. I don’t have to play video games in the evening.
7. They don’t have to go to the party tonight.
8. He doesn’t have to write stories of horror in the library.
9. Paula doesn’t have to walk in the rain.
10. Alex doesn’t have to work on Sundays.
11. My family and I don’t have to buy a new TV.
12. I don’t have to cook for Christmas.
13. Mary doesn’t have to go to a concert with her cousin in the evening.