GROUP 1A- Alkali Earth Metals

Lithium
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Li2CO3 Lithium carbonate Used in treatment of bipolar disorder.
Primary management of mania.
LiBr Lithium bromide Sedative or depressant

Sodium
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
NaCl Sodium chloride Table salt; rock salt Electrolyte replenisher
NaHCO3 Sodium bicarbonate Baking soda Buffer- resist change in pH.
Systemic alkalinizer – used in the
management of metabolic acidosis (low
blood pH).
Antacid – anti-acid. Fights against
conditions wherein the stomach acid goes
up, resulting in stomach pain, vomiting,
and diarrhea.
Also used in baking.
Na2B4O7 Sodium tetraborate Borax (sodium borate, Water softener, antiseptic - kills
sodium tetraborate, microorganism that can cause infection.
tincal)
Na2CO3 Sodium carbonate Washing soda, sal soda Antacid
Na3C6H5O7 Sodium citrate Buffer, alkalinizer, sequestering agent - for
binding with other compounds.
NaF Sodium fluoride Dental prophylactic - anticariogenic,
anticaries or antiplaque; to avoid cavities
and weaking of the teeth.
NaOH Sodium hydroxide Caustic soda (“caustic” – Saponifying agent – used in making soap.
may cause irritation to Hard soap
the skin), lye
NaOCl Sodium Chlorox Bleaching agent
hypochlorite
Na3PO4 Sodium phosphate Saline cathartic – used to induce bowel
movement.
Na2SO4 Sodium sulfate Glauber’s salt Cathartic
Na2S2O3 Sodium thiosulfate Antidote for HCN poisoning.
Na2SiO3 Sodium silicate Water glass
NaBr Sodium bromide Sedative - induces sleep.
NaNO3 Sodium nitrate Chile salt peter Meat preservative
NaSCN Sodium thiocyanate Hypotensive agent – decreases blood
pressure.
Na2C4H6 Sodium tartrate Primary standard for Karl Fischer’s
reagent.
Potassium
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
KHC4H4O6 Potassium Cream of tartar Cathartic
 bitartrate
KOH Potassium Caustic potash Saponifying agent – Soft soap
hydroxide
KBr Potassium bromide Sedative
KMnO4 Potassium Mineral chameleon Oxidizing agent – supplies oxygen in a
permanganate reaction.
Antiseptic
KNaC4H4O6 Potassium sodium Rochelle salt Sal seignette – saline laxative.
4H2O tartrate
Sulfurated potash Liver of sulfur Hepar sulfuris – used in the preparation of
white lotion.
K2CO3 Potassium Potash, salt of tartar Used for the preparation of K compound.
carbonate
KNO3 Potassium nitrate Salt peter, salitre Meat preservative
KAl(SO4)2 Hydrated potassium Potassium alum Astringent
12H20 aluminum sulfate

Ammonium
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
NH4OH Ammonium Spirit of Hartshorn Ammonia solution, Mild alkalizer
hydroxide
Aromatic Spirit of Spirit of salt volatile Spirit of salt volatile reflex stimulant
Ammonia
(NH4)2CO3 Ammonium Sal volatile, Baker’s Expectorant
carbonate ammonia, Salt of
Hartshorn
HgNH2Cl Ammoniated White precipitate Anti-infective
mercury Antiseptic
NH4Br Ammonium Sedative, CNS depressant
bromide
NH4Cl Ammonium Sal Ammoniae Expectorant, systemic acidifier, diuretic
chloride

GROUP 1B- Coinage Metals

Copper
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
CuSO4 5H20 Copper sulfate Blue vitriol or blue stone Fehling’s reagent and Benedict’s reagent
– can detect the presence of reducing
sugars.
Used as fungicide in 1% solution.
Cu (II) acetate in Barfoed’s reagent – differentiate
acetic acid monosaccharides and disaccharides.
CuHAsO3 Cu (III) Hydrogen ScHeele’s green Scheele’s reagent or Scheele’s green –
arsenite used as insecticide.
Cu (III) PAris green, Parrot green, Insecticide
Acetoarsenite Emerald green
Cu(OH)2 or Basic copper Verdigris paint pigment – green paint
 Cu(H3COO)2 acetate
CuSO4 5H2O Copper sulfate and Bordeaux mixture - Algaecide and
and CaO Calcium oxide fungicide for swimming pool.

Silver
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
AgNO3 Silver nitrate Lunar caustic Solid form (Toughened AgNO3) – Lapiz
infernularis – management of warts.
Solution form (Eye preparation) –
Neonatal ophthalmia – newborns whose
mother has gonorrhea.
Tollen’s reagent
Silver sulfadiazine Prophylaxis and treatment of infections in
burn wounds (as an antisepctic); topical.
Mild silver protein Agyrol Antiseptic
Strong silver Protargol Germicidal
proteinate
Colloidal silver Collargol Germicidal
proteinate
Colloidal silver Neosilvol Germicidal
iodide

Gold
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Gold-198 Radioactive isotope – anticancer
Sodium Commonly used gold based DMARD.
aurothiomalate
Auranofin Orally available gold drug for rheumatoid
arthritis.

GROUP 2A- Alkaline Earth Metals

Magnesium
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Mg(OH)2 Magnesium Milk of magnesia, Used for constipation. Induces diarrhea.
hydroxide magnesia magma
MgO Magnesium oxide Magnesia Universal antidote (along with activated
charcoal and stannic oxide).
MgSo4 Magnesium sulfate Epsom salt, talc Saline cathartic, antidote for Ba antidote
and barbiturate poisoning.

Calcium
 Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
CaCO3 Calcium carbonate Precipitated chalk Antacid – can cause flatulence or bloating.
Dentifrice – used to clean teeth.
CaCl2 H2O Calcium chloride Muriate of lime Electrolyte replenisher
with water
Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide Lime water, milk of lime, Antacid
liquor calcis
CaO Calcium oxide Lime, quicklime Component of Bordeaux mixture
CaSO4 ½H2O Calcium sulfate Plaster of Paris Used for preparing bandages.
hemihydrate
CaSO4 2H2O Calcium sulfate Gypsum Similar with plaster of Paris.
dihydrate
CaCl2 Calcium chloride Chlorinated lime Bleaching agent, disinfecting agent
Ca3(PO4)2 Calcium phosphate Bone ash Most important component of bones and
teeth.

Barium
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
BaSo4 Barium sulfate Radiopaque substance in diagnostic
exploration in GIT.
Only Ba salt that can be taken orally
because it is not water soluble.
Ba(OH)2 Barium oxide Baryta water
*May cause Baritosis (antidote is MgSO4).

GROUP 2B- Volatile Metals

Zinc
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
ZnO Zinc oxide Zincwhite Astringent – shrink tissues or close the
pores. Protectant.
ZnCO3 Zinc carbonate Smithsonite Astringent and desensitizer for dentin.
Popular ophthalmic astringent.
ZnSO4 7H2O Zinc sulfate White vitriol Emetic – induce vomiting.
heptahydrate
ZnSiO4 H2O Zinc silicate hydrate Calamine – anti-pruritic Protective for skin disease.
(for itchiness).
Zinc oxide + Ferric oxide
(pink color)
ZnS (68%-70%) Zinc sulfide and Lithipone Used in cosmetics and replaced titanium
and BaSO4 Barium sulfate White sulfide dioxide (sun protection).
(28%-30%)

Mercury (Quicksilver)
 Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Hg2Cl2 Mercurous chloride Calomel Cathartic
HgCl2 Mercuric chloride Corrosive sublimate Disinfectant
HgO Mercurous oxide Yellow mercuric oxide Ophthalmic antibacterial
HgNH2Cl Ammoniated White precipitate Topical and ophthalmic anti-infective
mercury
Potassium mercuric Ingredient in Mayer’s reagent.
iodide

Cadmium
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
CdS Cadmium sulfide Anti-seborrheic – treatment of dandruff.
CdCl2 Cadmium chloride Treatment of fungal infection; specifically,
ringworm and tinea flava.

GROUP 3A – Icosagens or Boron Family

Boron
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Borosilicate Glass Pyrex Type I glass - Extremely heat resistant
Boron oxide + silicate
Borax and Kermite Applied as a fertilizer
Borates Detergents, cosmetics, antifungal
H3BO3 Boric acid Sal sedativum Used in the production of glass.
Anti-fungal, antimicrobial.
Antiseptic - treatment of Athlete’s foot,
bacterial thrush, eyewash.
Topical anti-infective ophthalmic irrigant.
H3Bo3 (2%).
BORTEZOMIB First approved Proteosome inhibitor.
For multiple myeloma.
Advanced anti-cancer drug – specific
target.
Na2B4O7 Sodium tetraborate Bacteriostatic
10H2O or Sodium Ingredient in cold cream, eyewashes, and
piroborate mouthwashes.
Borax – can be Laundry detergent or material in
sodium borate, detergent.
sodium tetraborate,
or diborate.
Na3BO3 4H2O Sodium perborate Oxidizing type of local anti-infective.

Aluminum
 Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Al(OH)3 Aluminum sulfide Antacid
KAl(SO4)2 Potassium Alum Astringent – used to close the pores
12H2O Aluminum sulfate
AlSiO3 Hydrated aluminum China clay Adsorbent – absorbs via the interfacial
(hydrate) silicate Kaolin phenomenon.
Demulcent – promotes protection by
creating a protective barrier along the
stomach lining to prevent pain caused by
ulcers.
Management of diarrhea.
AlSiO3 (native, Bentonite Native hydrated aluminum silicate
colloidal) SUSPENDING AGENT – used in making
suspensions.
AlCl3 Aluminum chloride Popular ingredient in astringent,
antiperspirant (inhibits excess sweating by
shrinking or closing the pores) and
deodorant (kill microorganisms that cause
body odor) in cosmetic preparations.
Al(H3COO)3 Aluminum acetate Burrow’s solution Astringent
Hydroxides and Gastric antacid
phosphates of Al EX: Al(OH)3 – Creamalin and AlPO4 -
Phosphagel

Gallium
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Ga2 Gallium tartrate Treatment of syphilis
(C4H6O6)3
Ga(NO3)3 Gallium nitrate For metabolic bone disease
For hypercalcemia – increased calcium in
the blood; caused by total breakdown of
bone; Calcium and phosphate, which are
stored in the bones, exits the bone, and
enters the blood causing hypercalcemia.
Prevent breakdown of bones to prevent
hypercalcemia.
Anticancer
GROUP 4A– Crystallogens or Carbon Family

Carbon
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
CO2 Carbon dioxide Component of all carbonated beverages.
Respiratory stimulant in treatment of
carbon monoxide (CO), alcohol, and
morphine poisoning. CO2 counters
respiratory depression.
Dry ice is CO2.
Improves palatability/taste.
Carbonates of Ca, Gastric antacid
Mg, and Al
CO Carbon monoxide Toxic poison.
Carbon monoxides is the product of
incomplete combustion. CO binds with
hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin,
which causes hypoxia that causes rapid
death.
CS2 Carbon disulfide Solvent for other elements.
CCl4 Carbon Good solvent.
tetrachloride Component in fire extinguishers.
Cyanogen Extremely poisonous.
Similar to cyanide; binds with O2 and
creates cyanohemoglobin causes hypoxia.
Bismuth Astringent and protective (lotion and
subcarbonate ointment); topical preparation.
(NH4)2CO3 Ammonium Expectorant
carbonate Used as a reflex stimulant.
Can be used as a component of aromatic
spirit of ammonia due to its ammonia
content.

Silicon
SILICA OR SILICATEES – natural form of silicon.
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Purified Siliceous Absorbent, filtering medium, and clarifying
Earth (SiO2), agent.
Purified Kieselguhr, *Absorbent – not used internally; used in
Purified Infrasorial, preparations to make the solution clear. IT
Earth absorbs or penetrates a molecule.
*Adsorbent – on the surface only; lowers
the surface tension of two molecules in
order for them to bind.
Bentonite Soap clay Bentonite solution is thixotropic (liquid
Mineral soap when agitated, solid when at rest)
Native aluminum sulfate Stabilizes emulsion – bentonite magma
Suspending agent
Kaolin China clay Adsorptive for diarrhea, externally as a
 Native hydrated Al dusting powder.
silicate Kaolin mixture with pectin (Kaopectate)
Pumice Distributing agent for slowly soluble
substances.
Talc – softest Soapstone Used as dusting powder and filtering
mineral known agent.
Purified talc, Speeds up the dissolution rate of a
talcum, hydrated substance.
Mg silicate Powder
Silicic acid Used in ceramic industry – manufacture of
earthen vase, bricks, tiles, pottery
For glass manufacture – (a) soda-lime or
soft glass – type 3 glass, made by fusing
CaCO3, H2CO3, and SiO2; (b) Pyrex - very
heat resistant; (c) Hard or potash glass; (d)
flint glass – clear glass.
SILICONES – synthetic compounds; used in breast implants.
Simethicone – a Antifoaming agent
polymeric dimethyl Antiflatulent in gastric bloating and
siloxane. postoperative gaseous distention of the
GIT. EX: Kremil S
 Silicosis – a lung disease caused by dust of silica of silicate accumulating in the lungs; symptoms are similar with
tuberculosis. Alumina – used in the management of silicosis.

Tin
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
SnO2 Stannic oxide Germicide
SnF2 Stannous fluoride Adjunct in prevention of denal caries.
Other uses:
1. Used for manufacture of tin cans and foils.
2. For the manufacture of alloys:
a. Pewler – Pb and Sn (20:80 ratio); b. Gunmetal – Cu and Sn c. Solder – Pb and Sn (50:50 ratio)

Lead
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Lead acetate Sugar of Pb Astringent
Pb subacetate Goulard’s solution –
solution combination of lead
oxide and lead acetate
Diluted lead
subacetate solution
PbO Litharge Used in the preparation of Pb subacetate
solution.
PbCl2 Lead (II) chloride Astringent and dusting powder
Lead is a cumulative poison.
GROUP 4B– Titanium Family

Titanium
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
TiO2 Titanium oxide Only official titanium compound.
Solar ray protectant – prevention of
undesirable effect from exposure to
sunlight. Used in sunblock.
Opacifying agent in capsules – responsible
for the dark or opaque color of capsules,
so the insides cannot be seen.
GROUP 5A– Pnictogens or Nitrogen Family

Nitrogen
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
KNO3 Potassium nitrate Salt peter Meat preservative
NaNO3 Sodium nitrate Chile salt peter Meat preservative
NH4 Ammonium Hypothetical metal – behaves much like an
alkali metal ion.
Used for the maintenance of acid-base
balance.
Less concentrated than ammonia, but may
still cause irritation.
NH3 Ammonia Alkaline air household NH3.
Refrigerant – used in refrigerators, air
conditioners; provides cold conditions.
Used in households as cleaning agent.
Aromatic spirit of Spirit of sal volatile Reflex stimulant
NH3
Strong NH4OH Good solvent
solution
Dilute NH4OH Astringent, caustic, and germicide.
solution with
AgNO3
Ammoniacal AgNO3 Howe’s solution Dental protective mixed with 10%
solution Formalin (for embalming) or Eugenol
(treatment for toothache; toothache
drop).
NH4Br Ammoium bromide Central depressant, sedative.
(NH4)2CO3 Ammonium Sal volatile, Sal Expectorant and diuretic
carbonate ammoniac, Baker’s
ammonia, Salt of
Hartshorn
(NH4)CO3 – Ammonium
NH4 carbonate
Sesquicarbonate,
sal volatile
HgNH4Cl Ammoniacal Hg White precipitate Local anti-infective
N2O Dinitrogen Laughing gas Weak anesthetic inhalation
monoxide or nitrous
 oxide
HNO3 Nitric acid Aqua fortis – strong Nitrates are good fertilizers.
water Agua regia (1 part HNO3 and 3 parts HCl) –
can dissolve Platinum and Gold.
HNO2 Nitrous acid Reducing agent – provides hydrogen to
facilitate reduction processes.
NaNO2 Sodium nitrite Antidote for cyanide poisoning.
KNO3 Potassium nitrate Most potent of the diuretic potassium
compounds.
Bismuth subnitrate Astringent, absorbent, and protective.

Phosphorus
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
P Elemental Used in the manufacture of bronze and
phosphorus alloys.
Production of H3PO4
Manufacture of matches (P3S3), smokew
bomb mixes, trace bullets, and for rat
poisoning.
HPH2O2 Hypophosphorous Reducing agent
acid Preservative in hydroiodic (HI) syrup.
H3PO4 Orthophosphoric Strong acid; not taken orally. Used in some
acid reactions in the laboratory to make:
Phosphoric acid Na3PO4 – water softener; added to
powdered soap and detergents.
Ca(H2PO4) and (NH4)2HPO4– fertilizer
Tribasic Ca, Mg, Al Gastric antacids
phosphates
HP3 Phophane, Toxic gas
phosphine
Phosphate solution Laxative
Phosphate enema Clearance of bowel before surgery of
endoscopy
Bisphosphanates Treatment of osteoporosis – porous bone
(Drug of Choice: alendronic acid)
Treatment of hypercalcemia
Treatment of pain in metastatic bone
cancer.
Forms: 1. White or Yellow Phosphorus (watusi) – poisonous; has distinct disagreeable ozone-like odor. When
exposed to air, it emits fumes, which are luminous in the dark and leave an odor resembling garlic.
* Copper sulfate (CuSO4) – antidote for white or yellow poisoning.
2. Red Phosphorus (matches) – nonluminous, nonpoisonous, and nonflammable.

Allotropes: Violet, Black, and Scarlet phosphorus – from the red phosphorus.

Arsenic – protoplasmic poisoning

Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
As2O3 Arsenic oxide White arsenic Poisonous
Anti-leukemic
 K3AsO3 Potassium arsenite Fowler’s solution Tonic, fertilizer, and pesticide.
H3AsO3 Arsenous acid Anti-leukemic
solution
Cu (III) PAris green, Parrot green, Insecticide
Acetoarsenite Emerald green
Compound 606 First ever drug containing arsenic
Arsphenamine First ever drug for syphilis.
(SALVARSAN)
Melarsoprol Treatment of late-stage African
trypanosomiasis or African Sleeping
Sickness.
Ar2O3 Arsenic trioxide Treatment of acute promyelocytic
(TRISENOX) leukemia (APL).

Antimony
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Potassium Tartar emetic Has been used for emetic, noy anymore.
Antimony tartrate Now used as cathartic.

Bismuth
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Bismuth Protectant externally for gastric disorder,
subcarbonate internally for ulcers and diarrhea.
Bismuth subnitrate Non-irritant intestinal astringent with
antiseptic property.
Bi(OH)3 Bismuth hydroxide Bismuth magma, Milk of Astringent and antacid.
Bismuth, Bismuth cream
Bi subgallate DERMATOL Astringent and protective
Soluble bismuth compounds are
poisonous.
Dimercaprol Best antidote

GROUP 6 – Chalcogens

Oxygen “acid former”, “EmpyrEal air” (Scheele), and “dePhglogisticated air” (Priestley)
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
O3 Ozone Allotropic form of oxygen.
Powerful oxidizing agent.
Can be used to disinfect and bleach water.
Ozone (O3) – allotropic form of oxygen; powerful oxidizing agent; used as disinfectant and as a bleaching agent.

Sulfur “Brimstone”
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
S Elemental sulfur Employed in various dosage forms for its
 germicidal, fungicidal, and keratolytic
(peeling) actions.
Soluble sulfides and Parasiticides
polysulfides
ZnS Zinc sulfide White sulfide External astringent and protective
properties.
SeS Selenium sulfide Antiseborrheic
“selson blue” – topical preparation for skin
discoloration; also available as a shampoo.
SO2, NaHSO3 Antioxidants, preservatives, and stabilizer.
– Na2S2O5
NaS2O3 Sodium thiosulfate HYPO Antidote of cyanide, I2 poisoning and used
to combat parasitic skin infections.
Gold sodium Injectable antirheumatic.
thiosulfate Can be given injection route or
parenterally.
Sulfur ointment Scabicide and parasiticide
Sulfurated lime Vleminck’s lotion Scabicide
solution
Sulfurated potash Hepar sulfuris, liver of Used in the preparation of white lotion.
sulfur White lotion “lotio alba” – used in the
treatment of acne; also a scabicide.
H2SO2 Sulfuric acid Most common or general dehydrating
agent.
Allotropic forms of S: (a) Crystalline sulfur – sublimed sulfur “flower sulfur” which is used as cathartic and used
internally. (b) Amorphous sulfur – precipitated sulfur or “Milk of Sulfur” – used in the treatment of acne and
treatment of seborrhea; taken externally.

Selenium
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
SeS2 Selenium sulfide Shampoo for dandruff.
Catalyst in N2 determination.
H2SeO4 Selenic acid Used as a solvent for gold in the form of
selenic acid H2SeO4.

GROUP 7 – Halogens

Fluorine “Salt Former” – yellowish gas

Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
CaF2 with Calcium fluoride with Normal constituent of bones and teeth.
Ca3(PO4) Calcium phosphate
NaF Sodium fluoride Fluoridating agent for drinking water -
disinfects drinking water.
Dental prophylaxis – prevents dental
caries.
NaAIF6 Insecticide
SnF2 Stannous fluoride Used for dental prophylaxis – prevents
Tin (II) fluoride dental caries.
CCI2F2 Dichlorofluoromethane Freon Refrigerant or coolant.
 Teflon or Polymer of tetrafluoroethylene.
tetrafluoroethylene Used as container of HF.
Non-stick pans – coated in Teflon; makes
it not sticky and waterproof.
Zn fluosilicate solution Rinse for washing diaper acting as
bactericide. Prevents bacterial growth in
diapers.

Chlorine “Dephlogisticated muriatic acid”

Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
HCl Hydrochloric acid Muriatic acid – Neutralizing (when combined with
concentrated HCl (36 to bases), stabilizing or solubilizing agent for
38%) other substances especially those that
cannot be dissolved by water.
Used to clean bathrooms – can remove
stains that water cannot.
Corrosive to skin and has suffocating
odor.
Diluted HCl Casn be taken internally as a gastric
acidifier.
10% HCl – used for the treatment of
achlorhydria (absence of gastric acid,
HCl)
Na, K, and Ca Employed as electrolyte replenisher
chlorides (Ringer’s solution and lactated ringer’s
solution).
Strong solution of Emetic – induce vomiting.
NaCl
NH4Cl Ammonium chloride Expectorant and systemic acidifying
agent.
NaOCl Sodium hypochlorite Chlorox Germicide and deodorizer
KClO3 Potassium chlorate Weak antiseptic
0.9% NaCl Normal saline solution Physiological salt solution – needed to
maintain the normal system in the body.
Isotonic solution (0.9%) – normal blood
has a isotonic environment.
Electrolyte replenisher.
Halazone and ClO2 Water purifier

Bromine
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Br Elemental bromine Powerful caustic and germicide, but not
used as a medicinal agent.
Na, K, and NH4 Provide central depressant action –
bromides induces sleep.
Brominisn – caused by excessive amounts of bromine. Characterized by (a) skin eruptions, (b) headache, (c)
sleeplessness, and (d) loss of strength.
 Iodine
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
I2- Iodide ion Exerts expectorant action
Solutions of Iodine Highly effective, locally acting germicide.
Usually contain NaI or KI to enhance the
solubility of iodine through the formation
of polyiodide ion.
Iodine solution 2% iodine in water(solvent.
Solubilizing agent is sodium iodide.
Iodine tincture 2% iodine in alcohol.
Solubilizing agent is sodium iodide.
Strong iodine Lugol’s solution 5% iodine in water.
solution Solubilizing agent is potassium iodide.
Anti-goiterogenic.
Phenolated iodine Boulton’s solution
solution Antibacterial
Carbolized iodine Mandel’s solution
solution
Strong iodine 6.5 or 7% iodine in alcohol.
tincture Solubilizing agent is potassium iodide.
I2 Elemental iodine Toxic. May cause iodism (characterized by
conjunctivitis, rhinitis, sialadenitis
(inflammation of salivary glands).
Cornstarch (first aid management) and
sodium thiosulfate Na2s2O3 (in hospital
settings) are effective antidotes.
I 131 radioactive Used for thyroid diseases (Grave’s disease)
iodine and cancer therapy.
Destroys thyroid cells to inhibit too much
production of thyroid hormones which
leads to hyperthyroidism.
NaI Sodium iodide Expectorant

GROUP 7B

Manganese
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
KMnO4 Potassium Local anti-infective of oxidizing type.
permanganate Powerful oxidizing agent. (do not mix with
any reducing agents; may cause explosion)
Astringent, powerful deodorant and
cleaner. Applied in 0.01 to 0.1% solution.
Gastric lavage (used for person who has
ingested a toxic substance) with dilute
solutions is antidote for various alkaloids
and other toxic substances. Effective only
when the poison is still in the GIT.
 GROUP 8B – Transition Elements

Iron “Ferium” – strong, hard, or unyielding.

Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 Ferrous ferricyanide Turnbull’s blue
Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 Ferric ferrocyanide Prussian blue
Fe(OH)3 with Iron (II) oxide with Official antidote for poisoning if poison is
MgO magnesia still in GIT.
If absorbed, use BAL/Dimercaprol.
FeSO4 5H2O Iron (II) sulfate Green vitriol, copperas
pentahydrate
 Reduced Fe (Ferrous) – used as hematinic in the treatment of iron deficiency anemias and as source of Fe in mineral
supplement preparations. Anemia – decreased Fe, decreased hemoglobin synthesis, and decreased RBC production which
causes microcytic (small RBC) and hypochromic (pale color).
EX: FeSO4, Fe gluconate, Fe fumarate
 Oxidized Fe (Ferric) – used eternally as an astringent.

Cobalt
Chemical Chemical Name Common Name Uses
Formula
Co Cobalt Forms part of Vit12 as cyanocobalamin.
*Vitamin 12 – important in maintaining
endothelial function and speeds up the
transmission of signals for responses to
stimulus. Used for problems with nerves.
*Megaloblastic anemia – caused by V12
deficiency. Big red blood cell because it
has more immature RBC (immature RBC
are large).
Cobalt salts Pink – hydrated.
Blue – anhydrous (little to no water)

Platinum “Platina” – silver-colored

Platinum metals are considered as Noble metals because they show low oxidation potentials and low reactivity.

 Not easily tarnished; used in making jewelry (more expensive than gold)
 Used in the preparations of crucibles, dishes, and platinum wires.