CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Satyam Singh of class XII science,
Bright Day School, Vasna, has successfully completed
this project file under my supervision. He has taken
proper care and shown utmost sincerity in completion
of this project. I certify that this project is up to my
expectations and as per the guidance issued by CBSE.
Subject Teacher Examiner
Principal School Stamp
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude my to
chemistry teacher, Mrs.DipikaNirantar, whose help
and feedback made this project possible.
I am thankful and fortunate to get constant
encouragement, support and guidance from our
Principal, Mr.Bhavik Parekh in successfully completing
this project.
I would also like to thank Mr. Ravi, the lab Assistant for
his help during the completion of this project.
I would also like to thank our lab coordinator,Mr.Parag
Shah, for his able guidance and useful suggestions. I
can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to parents and
also to my classmates who helped me to carry out this
project successfully.
CONTENTS
AIM
PURPOSE
THEORY
REQUIREMENTS
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM
TO STUDY EFFECTS OF METAL COUPLING ON
RUSTING OF IRON
Fe(II) and water is reduced to form hydroxide ions.
PURPOSE
Iron is widely used metal. In modern world iron is used
as alloy, stainless steel, cast iron and special steels.
Iron is the backbone of the modern industry. Rusting
of iron caused enormous damage to building, railway
track, and objects that made up of iron and caused
financial problem. The main purpose of the project is
to investigate the reason of corrosion and to learn how
to prevent the corrosion.
THEORY
Corrosion is when a refined metal is naturally
converted to more stable form such as its oxide,
hydroxide or sulphide state this leads to deterioration
of the material. Corrosion is the gradual destruction of
material, usually metals, by chemical reaction withs its
environment Corrosion is the term used to describe
the process of the surface of metal objects getting
covered by oxides(or)other salt of metal. In corrosion,
the metal is oxidised by losing electrons to oxygen,
forming oxides. Corrosion is essentially an
electrochemical process. Rusting is also type of
corrosion but the term is restricted to iron or products
made of it.
REQUIREMENT
Two Petri dishes
Four test tubes
Four iron nails
Beaker
Sand Paper
Wire gauge
Gelatin
Copper, zinc and Magnesium strips
Potassium ferricynide solution
Phenlophthalein
Mechanism Of Rusting:
Rusting may be explained by an electrochemical
mechanism. Iron in the presence of moist air
containing dissolved O2 and CO2 the commercial
iron behave as if composed of small electrical cell.
In this cell, pure iron acts as anode where the
oxidation takes place and impure iron at cathode
where reduction take place.
At anode of cell, iron passes into the solution as
ferrous ions.
At cathode electrons from above reaction move
towards the cathode and form hydroxyl ions.
The Ferrous ions are further oxidised by the
atmospheric oxygen to ferric ions which comes out
as rust in the form of hydrated ferric oxides
[Fe2O3.2H2O] and with further production of
hydrogen ions.
Chemical Reactions
At Anode : 2Fe 2Fe2+ + 4e-
At Cathode : O2 + 4H+ + 4e- 3H2O
Over All Reaction:
2Fe +O2 + 4H+ 2Fe2+ + 2H2O
Procedure
1. At first clean the surface of iron nails with the help
of sand paper.
2. After that wrap the zinc strip around one nail, a
clean copper wire around the second, a clean
magnesium strip around the third nail and clean
aluminium strip around the fourth . And put them in
two separate Petri dishes so that they are not in
contact with each other.
3. Heat about 3g agar-agar solution in 100ml of water
taken in a beaker until solution becomes clear. Add
about 1ml of 0.1 M Potassium Ferricyanide solution
and stir well the contents.
4. Then to fill the Petri dishes with hot agar agar
solution in such a way that only lower half of the
nails are covered with the liquids.
5. Keep the covered Petri dishes for one day or so.
6. The liquids set to a gel on cooling. Two types of
patches are observed around the rusted nail, one is
blue and the other pink. Blue patch is due to the
formation of potassium ferro- ferricyanide where
pink patch is due to the formation of hydroxyl ions
which turns colorless phenolphthalein to pink.
Observation Table
SR. METAL PAIR COLOUR NAILS RUST
NO. OR NOT
1. Iron-Aluminium - No
2. Iron-Zinc Pink No
3. Iron-Magnesium Pink No
4. Iron-Copper Blue Yes
Conclusion
It is clear from the observation that coupling of iron with
more electropositive metals such as zinc, magnesium
and Aluminium resists corrosion and rusting of iron.
Coupling of iron with less electropositive metals such as
copper increases rusting.
Methods OF Preventig
Corrosion procedure
1. BARRIER PROTECTION:
In this method, a barrier film is introduced between
iron surface and atmospheric air. This film is
obtained by painting, varnishing etc.
2. GALVIZATION:
The metallic iron is covered by a layer of more
reactive metal such as zinc. The active metal losses
electrons in preference of iron. Thus, protecting
from rusting and corrosion
Biblography
NCERT TEXTBOOK
(Standard XII Part – I)
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