I

Factors that affect the Absenteeism of Junior high school students on a

Selected Private School

A Thesis
Presented to the faculty of
The Lord’s Wisdom Academy of Caloocan Inc

In Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements for the strand
General Academic Strand

By
Christian Jhoy M. Cruz
Jane Maris A. Hermo
Sean Michael Joven
Ghemarie C. Labsan
Hezekiah Tornea

April, 2021

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APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ABSENTEEISM

OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ON A SELECTED PRIVATE
SCHOOL”, prepared and submitted by Christian Jhoy M. Cruz, Jane Maris A.
Hermo, Ghemarie C. Labsan, Sean Michael Joven, and Hezekiah Tornea, in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the strand General Academic Strand, has
been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for Oral
Examination.

Sean Henricks V. Cayme

Thesis Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved and accepted by the committee on Oral Examination with

the grade of _ on April, 2021.

Ezekiel Grace C. Reynoso

Member

Emelly B. Dumali Norren V. Nicanor

Member Member

Accepted and approved of the senior high school coordinator in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the strand General Academic Strand.

Ezekiel Grace C. Reynoso

Senior high school Coordinator

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their gratitude, first to Almighty God who
gave the knowledge, strength and confidence through his word without God this
work might not be possible. The researchers would also like to express their
thankful gratitude to the following persons who are always there to support and
guide to make this thesis writing achievable.

MR. JOEL P. REYNOSO, TLWACI School Director for his generosity

and kind-hearted in establishing this institution and giving encourage to the
students who became part of this institution.

MRS. ANALITA C. REYNOSO, TLWACI Academic Coordinator for

her willingness to give an advice to our fellow schoolmates and to the faculty staff.

MR. SEAN HENRICKS V. CAYME, Our research teacher and adviser

for his encouragement and unending support that we can complete the study that
we have conducted.

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DEDICATION

To our beloved families, friends and teachers we would love to give a warm
thanks for the tenderness and support.
To everyone who’s concern, that every time we need, they are always there to give
opinions and advice. We are truly over whelmed by their willingness, patience,
and eagerness to communicate and find ways to help. Thank you so much for
always being there to help… God bless.

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C.J.M.C

J.M.A.H.

G.C.L.

S.M.J.

H.T.

ABSTRACT
Title: FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ABSENTEEISM
OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ON A SELECTED

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PRIVATE SCHOOL
Researchers: CHRISTIAN JHOY M. CRUZ
JANE MARIS A. HERMO
GHEMARIE C. LABSAN
SEAN MICHAEL JOVEN
HEZEKIAH TORNEA
Adviser: SEAN HENRICKS V. CAYME
Strand: GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND
School: THE LORD’S WISDOM ACADEMY OF
CALOOCAN INC.
Academic year: 2020-2021

School is the second home of every student. Inside of the school we

learn different activities and we also associate with other people, we bond with

them and also, we try to fit in on a group of teenagers. But through some reason

other people or ‘student’ that has a personal problem begin to be inactive on

participating on class activities. Due to being inactive, their academic performance

begins to fail. When their performance starts to fail, a student might commit an

absence, this where absenteeism enters.

Student absenteeism is explained by Teasley (2004) as span of time

when a student does not attend school, has become a significant and unceasing

problem among high school students in many countries. In fact, undergoing

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studies run to conducted a survey on why high school students miss their class. In

this concept, Teasley have discussed a lot of risk factors that put up to student

absenteeism such as family health, low income, using of drug and alcohol,

transportation problems, and community attitudes towards education. Pehlivan

(2006) establish that the crucial motive appointed by students for vacancy at

lecture or school were bored at school, loathe the lessons, motivating their friends,

and lack of expectations about education. Wilkin (2008) stated that there is a four

matter that play a dominant role to encourage each student to attend their school

such as school environment, discipline, climate and relationship of teachers and

students.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The focus of this study is to determine the factors that affects the absenteeism of a

sampled private school. It intends to answer the following specific questions:

1. How the students be describe in terms of the following:

1.1 Age?

1.2 Gender?

1.3 Grade Level?

2. What is/are the reason of student’s absences?

3. What will be the effects of absences on student academic performance?

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4. How many absences that the students commit in a month?

5. What could be the action to avoid absenteeism?

RESEARCH DESIGN

In the following study, the researchers used descriptive method design for the data

collection related about the factors that affects the absenteeism of selected private school.

Descriptive research design is a psychological way of observing and testing a behavior of

a subject and its environment. This type of research is effective to gather proper analyses

and opinions from the students who undergo to an interview about why absenteeism

exists to some students.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The sample of the study was the 10 students of class participants that has commit

ted a lot of absences. This will be taken from a population of junior high school at The

Lord’s Wisdom Academy of Caloocan Inc. 2020-2021

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The researchers used Purposive Sampling in administering questionnaires to the

Junior high school students of The Lord’s Wisdom Academy of Caloocan Inc. S.Y 2020-

2021 as respondents.

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8

INSTRUMENT USED IN THE STUDY

In this study, there are several methods used to elaborate the research such as

gathering data from other resources and textbooks. Questionnaires and surveys are also

used to measure the opinions of the large amount of people about the said topic, to

compare it to real life situations.

Gathering more related information about the said topic using internet sources are

also applicable to apply to the research topic about the factors that affects the absenteeism

of students in a selected private school.

QUESTIONNAIRE

The questionnaire is one of the key aspects used in the study to know what are the

factors that affect the absenteeism of a student in a selected private school. It is the most

common tool used by the researchers in gathering significant data or information from

their respective respondents. It has four (4) parts; Part one (1) is the profile of the

respondents. Part two (2) The reasons why the students didn't attend to school. Part three

(3) The feasible things that make a student skip school . Part four (4) Possible way of the

school to lessen the absenteeism of the students?

INTERVIEW

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Interview is another effective way of gathering important data in the following

study. This was used as supporting details and backup data to your research study.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE INSTRUMENT

To conduct this research, the researchers review related literatures and textbooks in

order to gather further information. They search in both foreign and local sources in order

to have large knowledge about the given topic. The first draft of the research was

submitted to the research teacher to give comments and suggestion for the researchers, to

improve the research. After the revision, the final draft was constructed and it was ready

for validation

VALIDATION OF THE INSTRUMENT

The finished final draft was then pre-tested to some graduating students who were

not part of the sampled respondents. The purpose of this is to determine if there were still

items in the questionnaire that were difficult to understand. After the validation, the

instrument was then reproduced for distribution and administration

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

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The data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative data

were obtained from close-ended items in the students. The data gathered will be tallied;

computations and presentations of data will be facilitated through the use of tables of

percentage distribution with the appropriate ranking. The weighted mean values of the

area of inquiry shall be likewise computed

For computing percentage distribution:

P (%) = (F/N) x 100 where:

P= percentage

F= frequency

N= number of cases or Total Frequency

For computing weighted mean:

WX= ∑Fx / N where:

WX= weighted mean

∑Fx= summation of the products of the

frequencies and weight

N= Number of Cases or Total Frequency

Weighted Mean: Verbal Interpretation

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5 4.50-5.00 Very Effective (VE)

4 3.50-4.49 Effective (E)

3 2.50-3.49 Moderately Effective (ME)

2 1.50-2.49 Less Effective (LE)

1 1.00-1.49 Not Effective (NE)

In conclusion, the researchers hope that with this methodology used, they will be
able to determine the factors that affects the absenteeism of junior high school students

SUMMARY
1. On the profile of the respondents.

Out of 10 respondents, 6 are female with 60% and 4 are male with 40%. The 50%

of respondents were at age 12-13 years old, followed by the 30% at age of 14-15,

and 20% at age of 16-17 years old. The majority of grade level is grade 7 with 4 or

40% respondents, followed by the grade 10 with 3 or 30% respondents, next is the

grade 9 with 2 or 20% respondents, and lastly the grade 8 with 1 or 10%

respondents.

2. On the number of times the respondents commit absences.

According to the results, 5 or 50% of the respondents commit 0-1 absences

while the other 5 or 50% of the respondents commit 2-3 absences.

3. On personal factors that affect the respondents’ absenteeism.

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According to the results, the lack of motivation to attend classes garnered 26

or 2.6% respondents which is interpreted as Neutral, the peer pressure from

friends garnered 16 or 1.6% respondents which is interpreted as Disagree, finding

the subject difficult garnered 26 or 2.6% which is interpreted as Neutral, worrying

not performing well in class garnered 27 or 2.7% which is interpreted as Neutral,

and failing to wake up early for class garnered 28 or 2.8% respondents which is

interpreted as Neutral. Overall, the results for the personal factors affecting

absenteeism is 2.46% which is interpreted as Disagree.

4. On school-related factors that affect the respondents’ absenteeism.

According to the results, finding the teacher strict garnered 16 or 1.6 respondents

which is interpreted as Disagree, having hard time understanding lectures

garnered 28 or 2.8% which is interpreted as Neutral, feeling uncomfortable

because of bullying garnered 11 or 1.1% which is interpreted as Disagree, feeling

not close to classmates garnered 19 or 1.9% which is interpreted as Disagree and

teachers and classmates would not bother to ask why they commit absences

garnered 17 or 1.7% which is interpreted as Disagree. Overall, the results for the

school-related factors affecting absenteeism is 1.8 which is interpreted as

Disagree.

5. On family-related factors that affect the respondents’ absenteeism.

According to the results, parents cannot provide the things I need for school

garnered 18 or 1.8% which is interpreted as Disagree, my parents do not check on

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me garnered 16 or 1.6% which is interpreted as Disagree, doing too many

household chores garnered 22 or 2.2% which is interpreted as Disagree, parents

rarely giving advice on importance of education garnered 32 or 3.2% which is

interpreted as Neutral, and there are family problems in house garnered 23 or

2.3% which is interpreted as Disagree. Overall, the family-related factors that

affect the respondents’ absenteeism is 2.22 which is Disagree.

CONCLUSION

Based on the summary of findings, the researchers formulated the following

conclusion:

1. Majority of the respondents are females with 60% while males with 40%,

majority belonging to the age bracket which is 12-13 years old with 50%.

2. Majority of the respondents belong to the 7th grade level with 40%.

3. The number of times the respondents commit absences in a week were 0-1 with

50% and 2-3 absences with 50%.

4. Majority of the students answered “Disagree” with the personal, school-related,

and family-related factors on why they commit absences

5. The findings of this study may be utilized as a guide to further investigate other

factors affecting students’ absenteeism.

RECOMMENDATIONS

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Based on the summary of findings and conclusions, the researchers came up

with the following recommendation:

1. Monitor closely the number of absences the students’ commit in a week.

2. Teachers and the school continue to ask and seek the students’ on why they

commit absences.

3. Further increase students’ commitment to school in order to reduce student

absenteeism.

4. School and teachers' empathetic approach to the students will facilitate the

students to feel connected to the school and its environment

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
DEDICATION iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES xx

Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

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Statement of the Problem 3

Assumption 4

Significance of the Study 5

Scope and Delimitation 7

Definition of Terms 8

Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 10

Related Literature 14

Related Studies

Conceptual Framework 24

Relevance of the Study of Related Literature and Study 26

Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27

Research Design 27

Respondents of the Study 28

Sampling Technique 28

Instrument used in the study 28

Questionnaire 29

Interview 29

Construction of Instruments 29

Validation of the Instruments 30

Statistical Treatment of Data 30

xviii

Chapter 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA 33

Table 1 Profile of the Students as to Gender 33

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Table 2 Profile of the Students as to Age 34

Table 3 Information and communication technology Materials 34

Table 4 The Effects of Information and Communication 36

Table 5 The Effectiveness of Communication 38

Chapter 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 39

Summary of Findings 39

Conclusions 42

Recommendations 43

REFERENCES

Bibliography 44

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Factors that Affect the Absenteeism of Junior Highschool on Selected Private

School

Introduction

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School is the second home of every student. Inside of the school we

learn different activities and we also associate with other people, we bond with

them and also, we try to fit in on a group of teenagers. But through some reason

other people or ‘student’ that has a personal problem begin to be inactive on

participating on class activities. Due to being inactive, their academic performance

begins to fail. When their performance starts to fail, a student might commit an

absence, this where absenteeism enters.

Student absenteeism is explained by Teasley (2004) as span of time

when a student does not attend school, has become a significant and unceasing

problem among high school students in many countries. In fact, undergoing

studies run to conducted a survey on why high school students miss their class. In

this concept, Teasley have discussed a lot of risk factors that put up to student

absenteeism such as family health, low income, using of drug and alcohol,

transportation problems, and community attitudes towards education. Pehlivan

(2006) establish that the crucial motive appointed by students for vacancy at

lecture or school were bored at school, loathe the lessons, motivating their friends,

and lack of expectations about education. Wilkin (2008) stated that there is a four

matter that play a dominant role to encourage each student to attend their school

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such as school environment, discipline, climate and relationship of teachers and

students.

Students who commits absence every so often have a personal

problem, this might be about their family, friends, relatives, or even

psychologically. Since students are facing these kinds of problem, this will affect

their class performance which may leads them to have a lower grade. In addition,

students who miss classes have problem studying other subjects and are pressure

to expend more effort. When students fail in learning the given lesson, they lose

interest and fail (Pehlivan, 2006). Furthermore, students feel awkwardness

towards their classmates, teachers and their school whenever they are not around

(Lannegrand-Willems, Cosnefroy, &Lecigne, 2012). Also, absent students can

set a bad example and promotes absenteeism towards other students. Despite the

fact that there are various reasons for absenteeism, the main reason of unable to

attend their class is "not liking the school" (Pehlivan, 2006). Continuous

absenteeism may be due to lack of permanent motivation on part of the student,

peer pressure and or socio-cultural factors (Scavenger, 2011).

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The study’s main purpose is to determine the factors that affects the

absenteeism of Junior high school students on a selected private school.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The focus of this study is to determine the factors that affects the absenteeism of a

sampled private school. It intends to answer the following specific questions:

1. How the students be describe in terms of the following:

a. Age?

b. Gender?

c. Grade Level?

2. What is/are the reason of student’s absences?

3. What will be the effects of absences on student academic performance?

4. How many absences that the students commit in a month?

5. What could be the action to avoid absenteeism?

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ASSUMPTION

This research may assume the following:

1. All data are valid and legit.

2. The respondents may be classified in terms of gender and age.

3. That these factors may affect the academic and extracurricular

performances of the students.

4. This may help the teachers to make an action towards their students’

behavior.

5. This research can be the source to help the teachers to prevent their students

from being absent.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

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The importance of these research is to determine the factors

significant. The factors that affect the absenteeism of the Junior Highschool

students. This study maybe theme to the following:

Management- The result will allow the management to considered the factors

that affects the absenteeism of Junior High school student. The research may

suggest some alternative ways to prevent the absenteeism of the students.

Teachers- These methods will guide them the ways to prevent the absenteeism

of Junior high school students. This research can recommend some technique

to make the students attend the class.

Students- This study will make them realize the bad effect of being absent in

school, that it has a big impact to their studies.

The Researchers- They will be able to understood why the students are being

absent and understand the reasons of the students.

Future Researchers- They will be interested to find some alternative ways to

prevent the absences of the students.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

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The scope and delimitation of the study defines where and when

the study is conducted and who the subjects and respondents.

The study will cover (15) students from grade 7 to grade 10. This

survey will be conducted at the Lord’s Wisdom Academy of Caloocan Inc.

This study can determine the factors that affects the absenteeism

of a student in the Lord’s Wisdom Academy of Caloocan Inc.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

One of the first thing do in the research is to know the definitions

of word that is written on the title and other part of the research. This is the

purpose to know their meaning and to understand it specifically.

The following terms will be defined either conceptually or operationally:

Absenteeism refers to a habit wherein people tend to stay away from school or

work.

Associate refers to blending with random people who you may know or not

that you will be with for a certain time.

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Effect refers to a result wherein it is commonly used to make a result or impact

or to make an outcome

Junior high school student-refers to the students from grade 7 to grade 10

who commits absenteeism

Private school- refers to private sectors that didn’t handle by the government.

Chapter 2

REVIEW IN RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The target of this chapter is to come up with theoretical framework for

the study of the effects of absenteeism to Junior high school students on a selected

private school through a review of relevant studies and literature carried out both

the Philippines and elsewhere. The evaluation of literature review will help in

positioning the proposed study and the contribution the study will have in the

academic context.

LITERATURES

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Savers, D. (2005) stated that if a student missed a day in school

he/shemight have a lost a chance to catch up with other, determine and understand

the

lesson or participate in class activity. He said that this lost is being defeat

decisively to two contrast courses and varying element under these courses, this

might be a family or self-problem.

Flannery, Frank, & Kato, (2012) stated that student absenteeism has

been specified as skipping school without the student’s parental consent. As what

Teasly discuss in the Introduction of the research, not only family health, low

income, using of drug and alcohol, transportation problems, and community

attitudes towards education are the risk factors of that put up a student to

absenteeism; but also, students are sometimes victims of bullying inside of the

school. (Grinshteyn & Yang, 2017; Seelman & Walker, 2018), poor school

climate, unentertaining classes, and poor relationship of the student and teachers

(Kearney & Graczyk, 2014), psychological well-being problems such as

depression, peer pressure and anxiety. (Amouroux et al., 2017; Gonzálvez et al.,

2018) Also, there is difficulty to deduce the effect of absenteeism on performance

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because if a student missed the lesson, he/she also missed the chance to learn and

other techniques. Also missing in class progresses the probability of wrong

examination material covered that day compared to the students who were present

in the class. (Marburger, 2001) Absenteeism is not only a measurement of low

academic success but also a high measurement of reducing social and life success

(Williams, 2010). And makes it hard to build a foundation in terms of discipline

and sense of responsibility. Therefore, it causes problems in work and discipline

habits in future work. (Pehlivan, 2006)

Here is the study of Nakamura (2000) entitled “Healthy Classroom Management,

motivation, Community and Discipline” to have the following recommendation

on decisions/strategies to limit the student’s absenteeism and prevent their

occurrences:

1. Teach the students on how to take care of their overall

well-being.

2. Classroom ambiance should be built valuable to

learning. There should be an active participation of the

student and the teacher, but the teacher should maintain

the lower conversation when the students are doing their

activity.

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3. During parents conferences, let the parents know about

the benefit of keeping their children active in school.

Explain to them that if they keep on letting their

children to be absent, this will set a bad influence to the

child.

4. Despite the fact that it cannot be avoid that the teacher

gets upset with student’s inadequate behavior, he/she

should avoid scolding the students.

5. Also, pay attention to those students who are left behind

in the lessons. Once a late bloomer student fully

understands the lesson, he/she can keep up with his/her

other classmates, therefore self-confidence is gained.

This way, it will motivate student to attend to school

regularly.

6. Keep in the mind of the children that their academic

success is very much dependent on their attitude

towards school.

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11

STUDIES

One of the pressuring challenges faced by any school up until today is the

problem of students’ absenteeism. Naila Khalid (2017)i stated that “student

absenteeism affects students’ ability to learn, achieve, and perform well in their

respective schools.” This was consistent with other findings such as student with

high level absenteeism tended to have lower level of motivation to engage in

academic work (Balkıs, Arslan, et al. 2016)ii and students who attend schools

regularly have higher academic achievement than students with high absences

(Korir et al. 2014)iii. As this problem continue to persists, it became a fact that

chronic absenteeism can have an overall negative impact on the student and school

itself. Kamla-Raj (2011)iv quoted on his article, “Absenteeism is the most

important factor which impact on the assembly line function in the development of

administration of University. It brings out hundreds of cases of negative impact on

the building of future of students.”

Consequently, a study done by (Hafeez, 2014)v stressed the importance of

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good attendance as one of crucial indicators and determinants of students’ learning

process in class. Low attendance due to absenteeism, therefore, may affect this

12

process and halt students’ learning development. While the lack of coordination

with teachers and classmates as well as having a lower GPA were also attributed

to students frequently missing out in class (Revenio Jalagat, 2017) vi.

Due to the findings mentioned previously, some researchers argued that

there should be an investigation of personal and social factors that may trigger

students to commit absenteeism in order to solve it. Kamile Demir (2016) vii

hypothesis stated “personal factors (problems, self-perception, motivations), and

family factors (parents’ educational level and income) have direct influence on

students’ academic achievements and level of participation in class.” Other

researchers expressed the same notion by confirming that personal problems such

as negative self-perception and socio-economic background of the family may

contribute to it. (Shalam, 2014)viii. However, other factors—aside from personal

and family factors—are yet to be found and studied.

In the country, even though a great deal of researches and findings talked

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about the relationship between student absenteeism and academic performance,

very few focuses on what schools can do to increase and maintain students’ daily

attendance. Joel Obrador (2014)ix suggested, “Educators need to continue to find

13

innovative ways to bridge the gap between home and school to communicate with

parents the need for a strong partnership so students can find success

RELEVANCE OF THE REVIEWED LITERATURE

AND STUDIES TO THE PRESENT STUDY

The reviewed literature and studies guided the researchers in conducting the

study. It provided the necessary information, results, and recommendations which

are hitherto significant to the present study. The collected data had established the

parallels between absenteeism and students—its nature and its effects on academic

performance. However, the following related literature and studies differ in terms

of scope, variables, and respondents.

The related literature and studies led the researchers to further investigate

the study as well as incorporate materials and information to be used in the

research. The related literature and studies presented absenteeism as a recurrent

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phenomenon seen in students across ages—what possible factors that affect it,

why is it happening, and what is its effects, materially, on the students. As it is

seen as

14

a recurrence among students, there is a need to further examine the said

phenomena, especially in the era of the 21st century.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This framework represents the flow of the study;

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ABSENTEEISM OF
JUNIOR HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENT

FACTORS THAT AFFECTS THE

ABSENTEEISM

Family problem
Financial problem
Transport problem

RESULT OF
ABSENTEEISM

Lack of knowledge
Unable to find a better job

15

The first box shows the main topic, it is about the Absenteeism. The second box
presents the factors that affects the Absenteeism of the students. The third box is
the possible results of being unable to attend the school.

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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This chapter illustrate the process of data collection in the following research. This

will help the researchers to explain further about the analyze of the given data and how

questionnaire, and interviews give useful ideas and information.

RESEARCH DESIGN

In the following study, the researchers used descriptive method design for the data

collection related about the factors that affects the absenteeism of selected private school.

Descriptive research design is a psychological way of observing and testing a behavior of

a subject and its environment. This type of research is effective to gather proper analyses

and opinions from the students who undergo to an interview about why absenteeism

exists to some students.

16

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The sample of the study was the 10 students of class participants that has commit

ted a lot of absences. This will be taken from a population of junior high school at The

Lord’s Wisdom Academy of Caloocan Inc. 2020-2021

32
 I
33

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The researchers used Purposive Sampling in administering questionnaires to the

Junior high school students of The Lord’s Wisdom Academy of Caloocan Inc. S.Y 2020-

2021 as respondents.

INSTRUMENT USED IN THE STUDY

In this study, there are several methods used to elaborate the research such as

gathering data from other resources and textbooks. Questionnaires and surveys are also

used to measure the opinions of the large amount of people about the said topic, to

compare it to real life situations.

Gathering more related information about the said topic using internet sources are

also applicable to apply to the research topic about the factors that affects the absenteeism

of students in a selected private school.

17

QUESTIONNAIRE

The questionnaire is one of the key aspects used in the study to know what are the

factors that affect the absenteeism of a student in a selected private school. It is the most

common tool used by the researchers in gathering significant data or information from

33
 I
34

their respective respondents. It has four (4) parts; Part one (1) is the profile of the

respondents. Part two (2) The reasons why the students didn't attend to school. Part three

(3) The feasible things that make a student skip school . Part four (4) Possible way of the

school to lessen the absenteeism of the students?

INTERVIEW

Interview is another effective way of gathering important data in the following

study. This was used as supporting details and backup data to your research study.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE INSTRUMENT

To conduct this research, the researchers review related literatures and textbooks in

order to gather further information. They search in both foreign and local sources in order

to have large knowledge about the given topic. The first draft of the research was

submitted to the research teacher to give comments and suggestion for the researchers, to

18

improve the research. After the revision, the final draft was constructed and it was ready

for validation

VALIDATION OF THE INSTRUMENT

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The finished final draft was then pre-tested to some graduating students who were

not part of the sampled respondents. The purpose of this is to determine if there were still

items in the questionnaire that were difficult to understand. After the validation, the

instrument was then reproduced for distribution and administration

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

The data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative data

were obtained from close-ended items in the students. The data gathered will be tallied;

computations and presentations of data will be facilitated through the use of tables of

percentage distribution with the appropriate ranking. The weighted mean values of the

area of inquiry shall be likewise computed

For computing percentage distribution:

P (%) = (F/N) x 100 where:

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P= percentage

F= frequency

N= number of cases or Total Frequency

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For computing weighted mean:

WX= ∑Fx / N where:

WX= weighted mean

∑Fx= summation of the products of the

frequencies and weight

N= Number of Cases or Total Frequency

Weighted Mean: Verbal Interpretation

5 4.50-5.00 Very Effective (VE)

4 3.50-4.49 Effective (E)

3 2.50-3.49 Moderately Effective (ME)

2 1.50-2.49 Less Effective (LE)

1 1.00-1.49 Not Effective (NE)

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In conclusion, the researchers hope that with this methodology used, they will be

able to determine the factors that affects the absenteeism of junior high school students.

Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

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Every data that has been collected should be interpreted and analyzed to let

the researcher know the findings. The data analysis is manually based on the

information from the questionnaire that given to the respondence. The analysis

focus on the factors that affects the absenteeism of junior high school students of

The Lord’s Wisdom Academy of Caloocan Inc. S.Y. 2020-2021.

The following data collection instruments were used to inform the

researcher on the factors that affects the absenteeism of junior high school

students.

Table 1

Profile of the Students as to Gender

Gender F % Rank
Male 4 40.00 2
Female 6 60.00 1

Overall 10 100.00
Table 1 indicates the frequency and percentage according to the gender

of the 10 respondents, 6 or 60% is female following by the 4 or 40% male. It

shows in the table that the majority of the respondents is female while the

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minority is male. As interpreted, female seemed to be the leading in population to

The Lord’s Wisdom Academy of Caloocan Inc.

Table 2

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Profile of the student as to Age

Age F % Rank
12-13 years old 5 50.00 1
14-15 years old 3 30.00 2
16-17 years old 2 20.00 3

Overall 10 100.00
Table 2 shows the frequency and percentage distribution according to

student's profile as to age. It is shown that 12-13 years old rank 1 with 5 or 50%

respondents, followed by the 14-15 years old with 3 or 30% respondents. It also

shows that age 16-17 years old had 2 or 20% respondents.

Table 3

Profile of the students as to Grade level

Grade Level F % Rank

Grade 7 4 40.00 1
Grade 8 1 10.00 4
Grade 9 2 20.00 3
Grade 10 3 30.00 2

Overall 10 100.00

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Table 3 shows the frequency and percentage distribution according to

student's profile as to grade level. It indicates that rank 1 is the grade 7 with the 4

or 40% respondents, followed by the grade 10 with 3 or 30%. Next is the grade 9

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that is third to the ranking with the 2 or 20% respondents. And lastly, the grade 8

with 1 or 10% respondents

Table 4

Profile of the student as to Absences

Absent F % Rank
0-1 absences 5 50.00 0.5
2-3 absences 5 50.00 0.5
4-5 absences 0 0 0

Overall 10 100.00
Table 4 shows the frequency and percentage distributions according

student’s profile as to absences. It is shown that the 5 or 50% of the respondents

commits 0-1 absences while the other 5 or 50% of the respondents commits 2-3

absences.

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Table 5

Factors that affect the Absenteeism of students

Factors for F % Rank Interpretati

Absenteeism on
A. Personal factor

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1. I lack motivation to 26 2.6 2.5 Neutral

attend class.
2. I am often swayed by
my friends to be 16 1.6 4 Disagree
absent. 26 26 2.5 Neutral
3. I find the subject
difficult. 27 2.7 2 Neutral
4. I am afraid I would not
perform well in a
subject or class. 28 2.8 1 Neutral
5. I failed to wake up early
for class.

Overall 2.46 Disagree

B. School Related
1. I find my teacher strict. 16 1.6 4 Disagree
2. I am having a hard time
understanding the 28 2.8 1 Neutral
lectures being
discussed.
11 1.1 5 Disagree
3. I feel uncomfortable
because someone is 19 1.9 2 Disagree
bullying me.
4. I do not feel close to my 17 1.7 3 Disagree
teachers and classmate.
5. My teacher and

Overall 1.8 Disagree

C. Family Related
1. My parent cannot
provide all the things I 18 1.8 4 Disagree
need for class (such as
stable internet
connection, laptop,
16 1.6 5 Disagree
notebooks, etc.)
2. My parents do not
check on me. 22 2.2 3 Disagree
3. I do many household
chores and I do not
have time to study. 32 3.2 1 Neutral
4. My parents rarely give

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me advise on the
importance of 23 2.3 2 Disagree
education.
5. There are family
problems in our house
and it stresses me out.

Overall 2.22 Disagree

SUMMARY

Indicators Mean Rank Interpretation

Response
Personal factor 2.46 1 Disagree

School-related 1.8 3 Disagree

Family-related 2.22 2 Disagree

Overall 2.16 Disagree

Table 5 shows of the factors that affects the absenteeism. As shown on the table,

the personal factor that affects the absenteeism is they failed to wake up early with

the frequency of 28 or 2.8%. The next factor is school-related, that the students are

having a hard time to understand the lesson that is being discussed by the teacher

with the frequency of 28 or 2.8%. Lastly, the rank 1 in family related is that the

students' parents are rarely giving them advice about the importance of education.

The overall mean 2.16 which represents as disagree in terms of the factors of

personal factor, school-related and family-related.

In terms of the effects of absenteeism on the students’ academic performance,

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teachers from different grade levels at The Lord’s Wisdom Academy of Caloocan

identified and attested that absenteeism has a negative effect on students’

academic performance because it resulted to a lack of attendance, participation in

class, and failure to submit tasks.

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter intends to sum up the findings that emerged from the

questionnaire. The findings presented and the conclusions and recommendations

were made in relation to the problems in question and directions proposed for

future studies.

1. On the profile of the respondents.

Out of 10 respondents, 6 are female with 60% and 4 are male with 40%. The 50%

of respondents were at age 12-13 years old, followed by the 30% at age of 14-15,

and 20% at age of 16-17 years old. The majority of grade level is grade 7 with 4 or

40% respondents, followed by the grade 10 with 3 or 30% respondents, next is the

grade 9 with 2 or 20% respondents, and lastly the grade 8 with 1 or 10%

respondents.

2. On the number of times the respondents commit absences.

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According to the results, 5 or 50% of the respondents commit 0-1 absences

while the other 5 or 50% of the respondents commit 2-3 absences.

3. On personal factors that affect the respondents’ absenteeism.

According to the results, the lack of motivation to attend classes garnered 26

or 2.6% respondents which is interpreted as Neutral, the peer pressure from

friends garnered 16 or 1.6% respondents which is interpreted as Disagree, finding

the subject difficult garnered 26 or 2.6% which is interpreted as Neutral, worrying

not performing well in class garnered 27 or 2.7% which is interpreted as Neutral,

and failing to wake up early for class garnered 28 or 2.8% respondents which is

interpreted as Neutral. Overall, the results for the personal factors affecting

absenteeism is 2.46% which is interpreted as Disagree.

4. On school-related factors that affect the respondents’ absenteeism.

According to the results, finding the teacher strict garnered 16 or 1.6 respondents

which is interpreted as Disagree, having hard time understanding lectures

garnered 28 or 2.8% which is interpreted as Neutral, feeling uncomfortable

because of bullying garnered 11 or 1.1% which is interpreted as Disagree, feeling

not close to classmates garnered 19 or 1.9% which is interpreted as Disagree and

teachers and classmates would not bother to ask why they commit absences

garnered 17 or 1.7% which is interpreted as Disagree. Overall, the results for the

school-related factors affecting absenteeism is 1.8 which is interpreted as

Disagree.

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5. On family-related factors that affect the respondents’ absenteeism.

According to the results, parents cannot provide the things I need for school

garnered 18 or 1.8% which is interpreted as Disagree, my parents do not check on

me garnered 16 or 1.6% which is interpreted as Disagree, doing too many

household chores garnered 22 or 2.2% which is interpreted as Disagree, parents

rarely giving advice on importance of education garnered 32 or 3.2% which is

interpreted as Neutral, and there are family problems in house garnered 23 or

2.3% which is interpreted as Disagree. Overall, the family-related factors that

affect the respondents’ absenteeism is 2.22 which is Disagree.

CONCLUSION

Based on the summary of findings, the researchers formulated the following

conclusion:

1. Majority of the respondents are females with 60% while males with 40%,

majority belonging to the age bracket which is 12-13 years old with 50%.

2. Majority of the respondents belong to the 7th grade level with 40%.

3. The number of times the respondents commit absences in a week were 0-1 with

50% and 2-3 absences with 50%.

4. Majority of the students answered “Disagree” with the personal, school-related,

and family-related factors on why they commit absences

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5. The findings of this study may be utilized as a guide to further investigate other

factors affecting students’ absenteeism.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the summary of findings and conclusions, the researchers came up

with the following recommendation:

5. Monitor closely the number of absences the students’ commit in a week.

6. Teachers and the school continue to ask and seek the students’ on why they

commit absences.

7. Further increase students’ commitment to school in order to reduce student

absenteeism.

8. School and teachers' empathetic approach to the students will facilitate the

students to feel connected to the school and its environment

Efforts that can be done must convey the message that students at the school are
considered important as students as well as individuals. Thus their attendance level
will increase.

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i
(Khalid, 2017) Effects of Absenteeism on Students Performance
ii
(Balkis, Arslan, et al. 2016) The School Absenteeism among High School Students:
Contributing Factors
iii
(Korir et al. 2014) Absenteeism among day secondary school students in Kenya
iv
(Kamla Raj, 2011) Causes and Structural Effects of Student Absenteeism
v
(Hafeez, 2014) The effects of absenteeism in class participation
vi
(Revenio Jalagat, 2017) Relationship Assessment Between Absenteeism and Academic Performance
vii
(Kamile Demir, 2016) Factors Associated with Absenteeism in High Schools
viii
(Shalam, 2014) A Study on the factor of Student Absenteeism at Business Faculty
ix
(Obrador, 2014) Absenteeism – Determinants and Effects to the Students’ Individual Learning of Payapa National High
School