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Transition Metals

The document provides information on the chemistry of cobalt, copper, iron, chromium, and aluminium. It includes chemical equations showing reactions between metal ions and ligands such as water, hydroxide, ammonia, and carbonate. Diagrams illustrate the coordination geometry and oxidation states of metal complexes. Color changes are noted but still being developed.

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Zain Khan
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445 views10 pages

Transition Metals

The document provides information on the chemistry of cobalt, copper, iron, chromium, and aluminium. It includes chemical equations showing reactions between metal ions and ligands such as water, hydroxide, ammonia, and carbonate. Diagrams illustrate the coordination geometry and oxidation states of metal complexes. Color changes are noted but still being developed.

Uploaded by

Zain Khan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PLEASE NOTE

THESE NOTES ARE STILL


BEING DEVELOPED
The colour changes are
COBALT
only approximate

Cl¯

CoCO3(s) CO32- [Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) LS [CoCl4]2-(aq)


LS 4 T

H2O
Shape
Coordination
H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3 Number

[Co(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

LS XS NH3

[Co(NH3)6]2+(aq)

OX air, O2

[Co(NH3)6]3+(aq)

[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH¯(aq) ——> [Co(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2H2O(l)


[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NH3(aq) ——> [Co(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2NH4+(aq)
[Co(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 6NH3(aq) ——> [Co(NH3)6]2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 2OH¯(aq)
[Co(NH3)6]2+(aq) ——> [Co(NH3)6]3+(aq) + e¯
[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ——> CoCO3(s) + 6H2O(l) or Co2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ——> CoCO3(s)
[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl¯(aq) ——> [CoCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O(l)
COPPER

[CuCl4]2-(aq)

Cl¯ LS LS H2O

KI
CuCO3(s) CO32- [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) CuI(s)
RED

H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3

[Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

LS XS NH3

[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq)

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH¯(aq) ——> [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2H2O(l)


[Cu(H2O)6] (aq) + 2NH3(aq) ——> [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2NH4+(aq)
2+

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ——> CuCO3(s) + 6H2O(l) or Cu2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ——> CuCO3(s)


[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl¯(aq) ——> [CuCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O(l)
[Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 4NH3(aq) ——> [Cu(NH3)4 (H2O)2 ]2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2OH¯(aq)
2Cu2+(aq) + 4I¯(aq) ——> 2CuI(s) + I2(aq)
IRON

FeCO3(s) CO32- [Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq)

H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3

RED

[Fe(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

OX air, O2

[Fe(OH)3(H2O)3](s)

NO
CARBONATE
OX MnO4¯
with 3+ ions OH¯, NH3
2-
A/B A/B H+
and CO3

[Fe(SCN)(H2O)5]2+(aq) SCN¯ [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq)


LS

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH¯(aq) ——> [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2H2O(l)


[Fe(H2O)6] (aq) + 2NH3(aq) ——> [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4](s) + 2NH4+(aq)
2+

Fe(OH)2(s) + OH¯(aq) ——> Fe(OH)3(s) + e¯


[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3OH¯(aq) ——> [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l)
2 [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3CO32-(aq) ——> 2 [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l) + 3CO2(g)
[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NH3(aq) ——> [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3NH4+(aq)
[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + SCN¯(aq) ——> [Fe(SCN)(H2O)5]2+(aq) + H2O(l)
CHROMIUM
[Cr(H2O)6]2+(aq)

Zn2+/H+ RED OX air, O2

NO
CARBONATE
[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq)
with 3+ ions

Fe2+/H+
OH¯, NH3 RED or ethanol
+
H A/B A/B
and CO32-

XS NH3
[Cr(NH3)6]3+(aq) [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) Cr2O72-(aq)
LS

H+ A/B A/B XS OH¯ H+ OH¯

[Cr(OH)6]3-(aq) alk. H2O2 CrO42-(aq)


OX

[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3OH¯(aq) ——> [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l)


[Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H+ (aq) ——> [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq)
[Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3OH¯(aq) ——> [Cr(OH)6]3-(aq) + 3H2O(l)
2 [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3CO32-(aq) ——> 2 [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l) + 3CO2(g)
[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NH3(aq) ——> [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3NH4+(aq)
[Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 6NH3(aq) ——> [Cr(NH3)6]3+(aq) + 3H2O(l) + 3OH¯(aq)
2Cr3+(aq) + 3H2O2(l) + 10OH¯(aq) ——> 2CrO42-(aq) + 8H2O(l)
2 [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + Zn(s) ——> 2 [Cr(H2O)6]2+(aq) + Zn2+(aq)
2-
Cr2O7 (aq) + 2OH¯(aq) 2CrO42-(aq) + H2O(l)
2 CrO42-(aq) + 2H+(aq) Cr2O72-(aq) + H2O(l)
Cr2O72-(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e¯ ——> 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)
ALUMINIUM

[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq)

NO
+
OH¯, NH3 CARBONATE
H A/B A/B
and CO32- with 3+ ions

[Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s)

H+ A/B A/B XS OH¯

[Al(OH)6]3-(aq)

[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3OH¯(aq) ——> [Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l)


[Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H+ (aq) ——> [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq)
[Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3OH¯(aq) ——> [Al(OH)6]3-(aq) + 3H2O(l)
2 [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3CO32-(aq) ——> 2 [Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3H2O(l) + 3CO2(g)
[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NH3(aq) ——> [A(OH)3(H2O)3](s) + 3NH4+(aq)
PLEASE NOTE
THESE NOTES ARE STILL
BEING DEVELOPED COBALT
Colour in the rectangles and
add the shape / CNo.

Cl¯

CoCO3(s) CO32- [Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) LS [CoCl4]2-(aq)

6 O
LS 4 T

H2O
Shape
Coordination
Number
H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3 Colour

[Co(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

LS XS NH3

[Co(NH3)6]2+(aq)

OX air, O2

[Co(NH3)6]3+(aq)
COPPER

[CuCl4]2-(aq)

Cl¯ LS LS H2O

KI
CuCO3(s) CO32- [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) CuI(s)
RED

H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3

[Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

LS XS NH3

[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq)
IRON

FeCO3(s) CO32- [Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq)

H+ A/B A/B OH¯, NH3


Zn2+/H+
RED

[Fe(OH)2(H2O)4](s)

OX air, O2

[Fe(OH)3(H2O)3](s)

OX MnO4¯
NO OH¯, NH3
CARBONATE A/B A/B H+
with 3+ ions and CO32-

[Fe(SCN)(H2O)5]2+(aq) SCN¯ [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq)


LS
CHROMIUM

[Cr(H2O)6]2+(aq)

Zn2+/H+ RED OX air, O2

NO [Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq)
CARBONATE
with 3+ ions

Fe2+/H+
OH¯, NH3 RED
+ or ethanol
H A/B A/B 2-
and CO3

XS NH3
[Cr(NH3)6]3+(aq) [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3](s) Cr2O72-(aq)
LS

+ H+ OH¯
H A/B A/B XS OH¯

[Cr(OH)6]3-(aq) alk. H2O2 CrO42-(aq)


OX
ALUMINIUM

[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq)

NO
+
OH¯, NH3 CARBONATE
H A/B A/B
and CO32- with 3+ ions

[Al(OH)3(H2O)3](s)

H+ A/B A/B XS OH¯

[Al(OH)6]3-(aq)

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