BASELIOS POULOSE II CATHOLICOS COLLEGE
BASELIOS MOUNT, PIRAVOM
Re-accredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC
(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATION
2021-22
Seminar Report
on
CONTEXT AWARE COMPUTING
BASELIOS POULOSE II CATHOLICOS COLLEGE
Re-accredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC
(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University)
PIRAVOM
2021-22
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Seminar Report
on
CONTEXT AWARE COMPUTING
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of the degree of
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION
Guided by: Dr. Jeeva Jose Submitted by:
(Dept. of Computer Applications) Krishnapriya V.V
(190021095585)
BASELIOS POULOSE II CATHOLICOS COLLEGE
Re-accredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC
(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University)
PIRAVOM
2021-22
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Certificate
This is to certify that the seminar entitled “CONTEXT AWARE
COMPUTING” submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION is a bonafide report of the
project done by Krishnapriya V.V (Reg no: 190021095585) during the year
2021-22.
Internal Guide: Head of the Department
Dr. Jeeva Jose Dr. Kurian M J
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the seminar work entitled “CONTEXT AWARE
COMPUTING” is a record of original work done by me under the
guidance of Dr. Jeeva Jose, Associate Professor, Department of
Computer Applications and the work has not formed the basis for the
award of any degree or diploma or similar title to any candidate of any
university subject.
Internal Guide Signature of Student
Dr. Jeeva Jose
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the outset, I thank God Almighty for making endeavor a success.
I express my gratitude to Dr. Tiji Zacharia,
Principal, Baselios Poulose II Catholicos College, for providing me
with adequate facilities, ways and means by which I was able to
complete the seminar work. I express my sincere thanks to my internal
guide Dr. Jeeva Jose, who guide me properly from the beginning to
the end of my seminar and examining the draft of this seminar ,
suggetions and modifications . With immense pleasure I take this
opportunity to record out sincere thanks to Head of the Department Dr.
Kurian M J, Associate Professor, Department of Computer
Applications for his motivation for seminar presentation.
Last but not the least, I also express my gratitude to all other
members of the faculty and well wishers who assisted me in various
occasions during the seminar work.
:- Krishnapriya V.V
ABSTRACT
When we aim to create applications, devices, and systems that are easy to
use, it is essential to understand the context of use. With context aware computing, we
now have the means of considering the situation of use not only in the design process,
but in real time while the device is in use. In Human Computer Interaction (HCI), we
traditionally aim to understand the user and the context of use and create designs that
support the major anticipated use cases and situations of use.
In Context aware computing on the other hand, making use of
context causes a fundamental change: We can support more than one context of use that
are equally optimal. At runtime when the user interacts with the application the system
can decide what the current context of use is and provide a user interface specifically
optimized for this context. With context awareness, the job of designing the user
interface typically becomes more complex as the number of situations and contexts
which the system will be used in usually increases.
In contrast to traditional systems, we do not design for a single or
a limited set of contexts of use; Instead , design for several contexts. The advantage of
this approach is that we can provide optimized user interfaces for a range of contexts.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION………………………....................09
2.CONTEXT………………………................................09
2.1 DEFINITION………………………………………..09
2.2 CATEGORIZATION……………………………….10
3.CONTEXT AWARENESS…………………………..10
4.USER RELATED CONTEXT AWARENESS……..11
5.CATEGORIES OF CONTEXT AWARENESS……11
5.1 ACTIVE CONTEXT AWARENESS……………….11
5.2 PASSIVE CONTEXT AWARENESS………………12
6.CONTEXT AWARE COMPUTING………………...13
7.NEED FOR CONTEXT AWARE COMPUTING…..13
7.1 HUMAN TO HUMAN COMMUNICATION……….13
7.2 HUMAN AND COMPUTER COMMUNICATION...14
8.CONTEXT AWARE APPLICATIONS………………15
9.CONCLUSION…………………………………………16
10.REFERENCES………………………………………..16
1. INTRODUCTION
Bill Schilit in 1994 introduced the idea of context aware computing. Schilit is
a famous author and researcher. His research interests includes HCI , Mobile
Computing and Ubiquitous Computing. Context aware computing would enable the
functions of a device or its software to change depending on where it was used , how
many people were nearby at the time , the availability of other connections or devices
were around etc.
2. CONTEXT
2.1 DEFINITION
The word context is derived from the Latin word “contextus” ,which
means “connection of words”. Context is any information that can be used to
characterize the situation of an entity. An entity is a person, place ,or object that is
considered relevant to the interaction between a user and an application ,including the
user and the application themselves. Specifically in context aware computing we use
the term context to refer to the circumstances under which a specific computational
program is being executed.
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2.2 CONTEXT CATEGORIZATION
Categorization of context majorly includes Computing context ,User
context, Physical context and some of researchers consider Time context as
another category.
Computing context: For example ,network connectivity , communication
bandwidth , nearby resources like printers ,displays etc.
User context: For example, user’s profile, emotion ,location , emotional state
,people nearby ,current activity etc .
Physical context: For example, lightning, noise level ,traffic conditions,
temperature etc.
Time context: The Time context includes time of the day, month ,year etc.
Other categorization includes Primary context and Secondary
context.
Primary context: More important than others , eg:- location(where) ,
identity(who), time(when) and activity(what).
Secondary context: Which can derived from primary constraints, eg:-
distances ,relationships etc.
3. CONTEXT AWARENESS
Context awareness is the term that describes the ability of the
computer system to sense and act upon the information about its environment such as
location, time, temperature or user identity .Context Awareness enable the system to
take action automatically and reducing the burden of the excessive user involvement
and provide intelligent assistance.
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4. USER RELATED CONTEXT AWARENESS
In user related context awareness we need to find answers to
questions such as who, where, when, what and why. Who deals with identifying current
user, Where deals with location identification of user ,object ,service etc. ,When deals
with temporal aspects of past ,present and future ,What deals with identifying activities
of user or objects ,Why deal’s with suitable context such as user’s need ,emotion.
5. CATEGORIES OF CONTEXT AWARENESS
The context awareness is broadly classified into two. They are Active context awareness
and Passive context awareness.
5.1 ACTIVE CONTEXT AWARENESS
It influence the behaviour of the application.Active context awareness
automatically changes the behaviour of the application behaviour according to
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the sensed information .A popular example is automatically press breaks of a car
when it sense the obstacle in front of the car.
5.2 PASSIVE CONTEXT AWARENESS
In Active context awareness the context is relevant but not critical. Passive
context awareness present updated context or sensor information to the user and lets the
user to change the application behaviour .An example for this is report the position of
the moving car into the map.
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6. CONTEXT AWARE COMPUTING
Schilit defines Context Aware Computing as “software that examines and reacts
to an individual’s changing context.” It means the software is aware of its user’s state
and surroundings and help to adapt its behaviour. Here the computer systems sense
automatically, remember history and adapt to changing situations.
7. NEED FOR CONTEXT AWARE COMPUTING
There are many situations where there is a need of Context aware
computing arises .Two main areas are Human to Human Communication and Human
and Computer Communication.
7.1 HUMAN TO HUMAN COMMUNICATION
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As we know from human-human interactions, situational
information such as facial expressions, emotions, past and future events, the
existence of other people in the room, and relationships to these other people are
crucial to understand what is occurring. The process of building this shared
understanding between two people is called grounding. Since both human
participants in such an interaction share this situational information, there is no
need to make it explicit .But when two people are interacting with each other
through a computer we couldn’t able to understand what is occurring .Here there is
an issue of input deficiency. Many research areas are attempting to address this
input deficiency, but they can be mainly been seen in terms of two basic approaches:
. Improving the language that human can use to interact with computers.
. Increasing the amount of situational information ,or context ,that is made available
to computers.
7.2 HUMAN AND COMPUTER COMMUNICATION
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Information is provide to computers typically using a keyboard and
mouse. There are tasks that cannot be easily done by computers. One out of them is
understanding and interpreting our language. Here we need to be very specific about
giving commands or asking for information. Another one is computer cannot sense
information about the current situation such as sensing facial expression, presence of
other people nearby etc. Here is the need of context aware computing arise .The
computer must be enriched with several implicit contexts thereby examining and reacts
to an individual’s changing context.
8. CONTEXT AWARE APPLICATIONS
Context aware applications look at who’s, where’s, when’s, and what’s (That means
what activities are occurring) of the entities and use this information to determine why
a situation is occurring. A system is context aware if it uses context to provide relevant
information and /or services to the user, where relevancy depends upon the user’s task.
A real life example is smart phones screen goes brighter when exposed to light (using
photo sensors) and goes dimmer on low battery. Some of the context aware apps for
android are My Tracks, Google Latitude etc.
GOOGLE LATITUDE
It is a free application that brings location tracking to your mobile phone . That means
if you are travelling with a mobile phone that has Google Latitude installed, your family
members and friends can track your exact location on Google Maps through any
Internet connected computer .It uses Global Positioning System ,Tower Signal Info ,IP
address if wi-fi connected and Digital Compass Signal to show the direction for to
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locate exact position on earth. It also shows your friends location on map if they are
using same application and sharing location.
9. CONCLUSION
One of the main aims of the seminar is to make others understand about what context
aware computing in detail. The seminar covers key areas include what is a context
,context awareness, context aware computing ,need for context aware computing and
context aware applications. Reference links are also provided. When we aim to create
applications, devices, and systems that are easy to use, it is essential to understand the
context of use. With context aware computing, we now have the means of considering
the situation of use not only in the design process, but in real time while the device is
in use. But also there are issues and challenges still exists in this computing. There are
several errors occur due to due to wrong interpretation of context. The system does
wrong things like auto-locking car doors, screen saver during presentation etc .In these
examples, is the system or user at fault? It is still a big question. A research can dig out
answers to the questions that are unknown .So many more researches must be needed
considering this aspects of context aware computing.
10. REFERENCE
. en.wikipedia.org
. www.techopedia.com
. www.interaction-design.org
. www.snet.tu-berlin.de
. www.igi-global.com
. whatis.techtarget.com
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