Hazard Identification, Risk
Assessment & Risk Control
(HIRARC)
By
Dr. RADHIAH ZAKARIA, M.Sc
OBJECTIVES:
• Explore the elements of an effective hazard
identification and control program.
• Discuss the steps in the hazard identification and
control process.
• Be able to perform the Hazard Identification and
Risk Assessment Form by their own with 3 simple
steps to ensure a safe & healthy workplace.
DIFINITION:
1. Hazard:
Source or situation with potential for harm in term of human
injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the
workplace environment or a combination of these.
2. Hazard Identification:
Process of recognizing that a hazard exists and defining its
characteristics
3. Risk:
Combination of likelihood and consequence of a specified
hazardous event occurring
Risk Assessment :
4. Overall process of estimating the magnitude of
Risk and deciding whether or not risk is tolerable
5. Tolerable Risk :
Risk that have been reduced to a level that can be
accepted by the organization
RISK
• Probability/likelihood of an adverse effects
due to some hazardous situations
• Probability of a harmful event to humans or
to the environment that is caused by a
chemical, physical, or biological agent.
Example : a toxic chemical that is hazardous to
human health does not constitute a RISK unless
human receptor/populations are exposed to
such a substance
When do hazards represent risks??
Definition
WHAT IS HIRARC?
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Identify hazard source or situation
RISK ASSESSMENT
Estimate level of risk and determine
tolerability
RISK CONTROL
Reduce or eliminate risk
Eg. A tiger is a source Tiger attack is a hazard.
Because has potential for harm
A cage is the control
Therefore, a tiger in cage is less risk as
compared to a tiger out of cage.
Furthermore, a tiger in cage is less
dangerous than a tiger out of cage since
the hazard is already controlled.
Purpose of Hazard Identification,
Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC):
Enable organization to identify, evaluate
and control its OSH risk on an ongoing basis
To reduce accidents at workplaces
HIRARC to cover for all existing and new
processes
METHODOLOGY FOR HIRARC
1. Document review – policy, legal document,
record of accident, NCR, audit result,
O&M Manual.
2. Site Assessment – observation, interview
3. Brainstorming – discussion to identify hazard.
Process of HIRARC
Classify work activities
Identify hazards
• Likelihood of occurrence,
Conduct risk assessment, by and
• Severity of hazards
calculating or estimating
Decide if risk is tolerable and apply
control measures (if necessary)
CLASSIFY WORK ACTIVITIES
• Routine and non-routine activities
(incl. emergencies)
• Activities at workplace
(incl. contractors and visitors)
•Infrastructure, equipment and
materials at the workplace
Taking into account all activities at the workplace.
CLASSIFY WORK ACTIVITIES
Working in Clinic
1. Handling patients, contaminated objects,
body secretions, tissue or fluids
2. Using X-ray machine
3. Handling patients & moving objects
4. Dealing with angry and stressed patients
and their families.
CATEGORIES OF HAZARDS
Category Examples
PHYSICAL noise, radiation, ventilation, heat
stress, lighting, electrical.
CHEMICAL pesticides, solvents and heavy metals.
BIOLOGICAL dangerous creatures, virus,
bacteria and parasite.
ERGONOMIC human and machine interface,
work position or work posture.
PSYCHOSOCIAL work stress, employees interaction
within organization, long hours work,
shift work.
SPOT THE HAZARD
HIRARC FORM
Hazard Identification
No. Activities/ R/NR* Hazard Consequences
Equipment/Facilities
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Human behavior, capabilities and other human factors.
Hazard from the vicinity of the workplace.
Hazard from outside workplace.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
1. Human behavior, unsafe acts MAN
2. Installation, layout and
design of equipment
MACHINERY
3. Substances such as chemicals
and gases use in the workplace
MATERIALS
The way people carry out their work METHODS
Workplace condition i.e. air quality,
ventilation , lighting, noise, vibration etc. MEDIA
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES
1. Accident/incident investigation report
2. Workplace health program
3. Complaint and comments
4. Injury records
5. Result of workplace inspection/audit
6. Report from regulatory bodies
7. Record of hazardous substances (CSDS)
HAZARD IDENTFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL (HIRARC)
FORM JOB TITLE : Working in Clinic
Hazard Identification
No. Activities/ R/N Hazard Consequences
Equipment/Facilities R*
1.
handling patients, R Infectious Diseases Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and
contaminated Human Immunodeficiency
objects, body Virus (HIV) can be spread
secretions, tissue or
fluids
2.
Using X-ray machine R Exposure to radioactive Cancer Fatality
and radiation
3.
Handling patients & R Heavy lifting and Back injuries
moving objects frequent bending or
twisting when moving
objects or patients
4.
Dealing with angry R Health care workers Workplace violence can
and stressed patients are at risk from result in loss of sleep, fear or
and their families. violence depression, post traumatic
stress disorder
Risk Assessment
Current Risk Control Likelihood (1) Severity (2) Risk Level (3)
Likelihood Rate Note
Most likely 5 The most likely result of the
hazard / event being realized
Possible 4 Has good chance of occurring
and is not unusual (1-5 years)
Conceivable 3 Might be occur in future (5-
10 years)
Remote 2 Has not be known to occur
after many years (after 10
years)
Inconceivable 1 Is practically impossible and
has never occurred
(1)
Severity Rate Note
Catastrophic 5 Numerous fatality, irrecoverable
property damage and productivity.
Fatal 4 Approximately one single fatality,
major property damages.
Serious 3 Non-fatal injury, permanent
disability or LTI > 4 days MC.
Minor 2 Disabling but not permanent injury
or LTI 1-4 days MC.
Negligible 1 Minor abrasions, bruises, cut, first
aid type injury.
(2)
Risk = Likelihood x Severity
Severity
Likelihood 1 2 3 4 5
5 5 10 15 20 25
4 4 8 12 16 20
3 3 6 9 12 15
2 2 4 6 8 10
1 1 2 3 4 5
(3)
Risk
High (15-25) Requires immediate action to control the
hazard. Action must be documented on
the risk assessment form including date
for completion.
Medium (5-12) Requires a planned approach to control
the hazard and applies temporary
measure if required. Action must be
documented on the risk assessment form
including date of completion.
Low (1-4) Acceptable and further reduction may not
be necessary
RISK ASSESSMENT
Current Risk Control Likelihood Severity Risk Level
Wash hands frequently (proper 3 3 9 (M)
hand washing is the best way to
prevent communicable diseases)
Competency & Proper PPE to be 2 2 4 (L)
worn Safe work distance, allowable
exposure limit
Use proper lifting technique 3 3 9 (M)
Follow policies and intervention 3 3 9 (M)
guidelines
Risk Control
Type of Control Recommended control
PIC (Due
measure (4)
Date/Status)
Safety
freedom from unacceptable risk of harm
Tolerable Risk
Risk that has been reduce to a level that can
be accepted by the organization having regard
to its legal obligations and its own OH&S policy.
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
1 Elimination
2 Substitution
3 Isolation
4 Engineering Control
5 Administrative Control
6 PPE (Personal Protection
Equipment) (4)
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
1. ELIMINATION
• Remove hazard from workplace
• Get rid the hazardous job, tools, process, equipment,
machines or substances
2. SUBSTITUTION
•Doing the same work in less hazardous way.
•Replace of substances with a less hazardous substances.
3. ISOLATION
•Keep hazard away from workers
•Install guard, barrier
•Lockout system
•Safe clearance
4. ENGINEERING CONTROL
•Modification
•Redesign
•Local exhaust ventilation
5. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
•Implement policies, procedures and training.
•Signage
•Supervision
•Inspection
6. PPE (Personal Protection Equipment)
Safety helmet, mask, safety shoe, apron, rubber mat,
gloves, ear muff etc.
RISK CONTROL
Type of Control Recommended Control PIC (Due Date /
Measures Status)
Administrative Ensure availability of gloves Mr. A (30/12/2016)
and other protective
equipment and cleansing
agents
NIL NIL
Administrative Train staff on proper lifting Mr. F (30/12/2016)
techniques
Administrative Train staff on diffusing Mr. H (30/12/2016)
situations and intervention
procedures
