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DBMS Schemas  It helps you to keeps information

Database systems comprise of complex data about the actual representation of the
structures. Thus, to make the system entire database. Like the actual
efficient for retrieval of data and reduce the storage of the data on the disk in the
complexity of the users, developers use the form of records
method of Data Abstraction.  The internal view tells us what data is
stored in the database and how
There are mainly three levels of data  It never deals with the physical
abstraction: devices. Instead, internal schema
views a physical device as a collection
Internal Level: Actual PHYSICAL storage of physical pages
structure and access paths.
Conceptual or Logical Level: Structure and Conceptual Schema/Level
constraints for the entire database The conceptual schema describes the
External or View level: Describes various Database structure of the whole database for
user views the community of users. This schema hides
information about the physical storage
structures and focuses on describing data
types, entities, relationships, etc.
This logical level comes between the user
level and physical storage view. However,
there is only single conceptual view of a
single database.

Facts about Conceptual schema

 Defines all database entities, their
attributes, and their relationships
Internal level Schema  Security and integrity information
The internal schema defines the physical  In the conceptual level, the data
storage structure of the database. The available to a user must be contained
internal schema is a very low-level in or derivable from the physical level
representation of the entire database. It
contains multiple occurrences of multiple
types of internal record. In the ANSI term, it
is also called “stored record’.
External Schema/Level
An external schema describes the part of the
Facts about internal schema database which specific user is interested in.
 The internal schema is the lowest It hides the unrelated details of the database
level of data abstraction
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from the user. There may be “n” number of  The DBA should be able to change the
external views for each database. database storage structure without
disturbing the user’s views
Each external view is defined using an  The internal structure of the database
external schema, which consists of should remain unaffected when changes
definitions of various types of external made to the physical aspects of storage.
record of that specific view.
Advantages Database Schema
An external view is just the content of the  You can manage data independent of the
database as it is seen by some specific physical storage
particular user. For example, a user from the  Faster Migration to new graphical
sales department will see only sales related environments
data.
 DBMS Architecture allows you to make
changes on the presentation level without
Facts about External Schema affecting the other two layers
 An external level is only related to the  As each tier is separate, it is possible to
data which is viewed by specific end use different sets of developers
users.  It is more secure as the client doesn’t
 This level includes some external have direct access to the database
schemas. business logic
 External schema level is nearest to the  In case of the failure of the one-tier no
user data loss as you are always secure by
 The external schema describes the accessing the other tier
segment of the database which is
needed for a certain user group and
hides the remaining details from the Disadvantages Database Schema
database from the specific user group
 Complete DB Schema is a complex
structure which is difficult to understand
for every one
 Difficult to set up and maintain
 The physical separation of the tiers can
affect the performance of the Database
Goals of 3 level/Schema of Database
Here, are some Objectives of using Three Summary
schema Architecture:  There are mainly three levels of data
abstraction: Internal Level, Conceptual or
 Every user should be able to access the Logical Level or External or View level
same data but able to see a customized  The internal schema defines the physical
view of the data. storage structure of the database
 The user need not to deal directly with
physical database storage detail.
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 The conceptual schema describes the
Database structure of the whole database
for the community of users
 An external schema describe the part of
the database which specific user is
interested in
 DBMS Architecture allows you to make
changes on the presentation level without
affecting the other two layers

References
https://www.guru99.com/dbms-
schemas.html

IT 313 - Database Management System