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Differential Amplifiers: ES 330 Electronics II Chapter 8 Sedra & Smith

This document discusses differential amplifiers, including differential pairs using BJTs or FETs with a tail current source. It describes the differential and common mode responses when input signals are applied, and how the differential pair acts as a virtual ground at node P for small signal changes. The small signal differential gain is derived as -gmRC similar to a CE amplifier. A small signal model is shown including output resistances r0. Intrinsic differential gain is derived as -gmr0. An example operational amplifier circuit is provided using a differential pair at the inputs.

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243 views

Differential Amplifiers: ES 330 Electronics II Chapter 8 Sedra & Smith

This document discusses differential amplifiers, including differential pairs using BJTs or FETs with a tail current source. It describes the differential and common mode responses when input signals are applied, and how the differential pair acts as a virtual ground at node P for small signal changes. The small signal differential gain is derived as -gmRC similar to a CE amplifier. A small signal model is shown including output resistances r0. Intrinsic differential gain is derived as -gmr0. An example operational amplifier circuit is provided using a differential pair at the inputs.

Uploaded by

pradozurita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differential Amplifiers

ES 330 Electronics II

Chapter 8 Sedra & Smith


Section 9.2 on BJT Diff Amps
Single-Ended Signals versus Double-Ended (i.e., Differential) Signals

2
Differential Pairs – BJT and FET

Q1 Q2

The current source is called the tail current.

3
Differential Pair Characteristic

4
Differential Pair Characteristic

5
Differential Response of a Differential Amplifier (Case 1)

ON
OFF
I C1  I EE
IC2  0
V X  VCC  RC I EE
VY  VCC
6
Differential Response of a Differential Amplifier

ON
OFF I C 2  I EE
I C1  0
VY  VCC  RC I EE
V X  VCC
7
Common Mode Response of a Differential Amplifier

VBE1  VBE 2
I EE
I C1  I C 2 
2
I EE
V X  VY  VCC  RC
2

8
Small-Signal Analysis of a Differential Amplifier

I EE
I C1   I
2
I EE
IC2   I
2

9
Virtual Ground in a Differential Amplifier

VP  0lim
x 

I C1  g m V
I C 2   g m V

For small changes at inputs, the gm’s are the same, and the
respective increase and decrease of IC1 and IC2 are the same,
node “P” must stay constant to accommodate these changes.
Thus, node “P” is an AC ground, but not a DC ground.

10
Small-Signal Differential Gain

Vout = VX – VY = -2gmΔVRC

Vin = 2ΔV
 2 g m VRC
Av    g m RC
2V

Since the output changes by -2gmVRC and input by 2V, the


small signal gain is –gmRC, similar to that of the CE stage.
However, for the same gain as in CE stage, DC power dissipation
is doubled.

11
Small Signals and Large Signals

Input Linear Signal

(a) (b)

Clipped Signal

Output

(c) (d)

Transfer
Curve

12
Small-Signal Model for Differential Amplifier

r0 not included

vout1 vout2

13
From Symmetry We Need Only Analyze a Half Circuit

vout1 vout2

vout1  vout 2
  g m RC
vin1  vin 2
vout1 vout2

Since VP is grounded, we can treat the differential pair as two CE “half


circuits,” with its gain equal to one half circuit’s single-ended gain.

14
Intrinsic Differential Gain of a Differential Amplifier
Note: Resistance associated with
these current sources is infinite.
Thus, we include output resistors r0.

vout1  vout 2
  g m rO
vin1  vin 2

15
Questions?

16
An Operational Amplifier Example Using Differential Pair at Input

Differential
Inputs

Output

17

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