11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BASIC CALCULUS
Quarter 3 – Module 7
Chain Rule
and Implicit Differentiation
Basic Calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 7: Chain Rule and Implicit Differentiation
First Edition, 2020

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 11

Basic Calculus
Quarter 3 – Module 7
Chain Rule
and Implicit Differentiation
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Grade 11-Basic Calculus Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Chain Rule and Implicit Differentiation!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Grade 11-Basic Calculus Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Chain Rule and Implicit Differentiation!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
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In this portion, the new lesson will be

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or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
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This comprises activities for independent

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What’s More
skills of the topic. You may check the
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Key at the end of the module.
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This section provides an activity which will
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3
 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

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developing this module.

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1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

4
 I

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
▪ Illustrate the Chain Rule of Differentiation
(STEM_BCD11D-IIIh-2)
▪ Solve problems using the Chain Rule
(STEM_BCD11D-IIIh-i-1)
▪ llustrate Implicit Differentiation (STEM_BCD11D-III-j-1)

OBJECTIVES:
K. Illustrate the Chain Rule of differentiation and implicit
differentiation;
S. Solve problems on Chain Rule of differentiation;
A. Internalize the concepts of Chain Rule of differentiation and
implicit differentiation

TASK 1:
QUICK RECALL! Let us determine how much you already know about differentiation. Use
your notebooks/answer sheets for your answers.
INSTRUCTION: Identify what Rule of Differentiation should be used in the following:

(𝑥 3 −2𝑥)
1. y = 8 + п 4. y = (2𝑥−1)

1
2. y = 3x2 + 2x -1 5. y = (2𝑥−1)

3. y = (x3 + 2x)(2x-1)

5
 Lesson
THE CHAIN RULE OF DIFFERENTIATION
1

’s In

CHAIN RULE THEOREM:

Let 𝑓 be a function differentiable at 𝑐 and let g be a
function differentiable at (𝑓 (𝑐)). Then the composition
𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 is differentiable at c and
𝐷𝑥 (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑐) = 𝑔′(𝑓(𝑐)) ⋅ 𝑓’𝑐

There is also another notation which can be easier to work with when using the Chain
Rule.

Let u be a function of x, (u(x))

and let y be a function of u, (y(u))
then, the derivative of y (u(x)) = f(x)

is given by
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
In words, the derivative of a composition of functions is the derivative of the outer
function evaluated at the inner function, times the derivative of the inner function.

Example 1: Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4)2

Solution:

Rewrite 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑦

𝑦 = (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4)2

Let 𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4

So, 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑢2

where 𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4 is a differentiable function of 𝑥.

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
Note that = 2𝑢 and = 6𝑥 − 2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

6
Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝑦 ′ = .
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑦′ = (2𝑢)(6𝑥 – 2)

𝑦′ = 2(3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4)(6𝑥 – 2).

Example 2: Solve for 𝑓′(𝑥) if 𝑓(𝑥) = (6𝑥 2 + 7𝑥)4

Solution:

Let: 𝑢 = 6𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑢4
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
Then, 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑢3 and 𝑑𝑥 = 12𝑥 + 7

Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝑦 ′ = .
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑦′ = 4𝑢3 (12𝑥 – 7)

𝑦′ = 4(6𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 3 )(12𝑥 – 7).

𝑑
Example 3: Find 𝑑𝑥 (cos 𝑥 2 ).

Solution:

Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 so that 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
Then, 𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥

Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑢 . 𝑑𝑥 = (– 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢) 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

= 2𝑥 (– 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 2 )

= −2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 2 .

Example 4: : Solve for 𝑓′(𝑥) if 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (2x 4 − 3x + 4)3

Solution:

Rewrite 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑦

𝑦 = (2x 4 − 3x + 4)3

Let 𝑢 = 2x 4 − 3x + 4

So, 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑢3

where 𝑢 = 2x 4 − 3x + 4 is a differentiable function of 𝑥.

7
 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
Note that 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑢2 and 𝑑𝑥 = 8𝑥 3 − 3

Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝑦 ′ = .
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑦′ = (2𝑢2 )(8𝑥 3 – 3)

𝑦′ = 2(2x 4 − 3x + 4)2 (8𝑥 3 – 2).

’s New

TASK 2: Recall the discussion on composite functions. Then, answer the following:

1. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥

Find: a. (𝑓 ○ 𝑔)
b. (𝑔 ○ 𝑓)

is It

TASK 3: Suppose y is a function of u:

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) (1)

If, in turn, u is a function x, then

𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥) (2)

Note that we can combine equation 1 and equation 2 to define y as a function of x. We

have

𝑓 = 𝑓(𝑢) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)).

This is a composite function we have previously defined.

8
 Given a function y below, define y to be a function of u in the second column and, in
turn, define u as a function of x in the third column such that y = f(u) = f(g(x)). No. 1 is done
for you.

y = f(u) u = g(x)
𝑦 = (2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 4)5 𝑦 = 𝑢5 𝑢 = (2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 4)
1
𝑦=
3𝑥 2 + 1
3𝑥 + 1 3
𝑦=( )
4𝑥 − 2
𝑦 = (3𝑥 + 2)2

’s More

LET’S PRACTICE! Here are another sample problems made just for you. Observe the
process to fully grasp the concept.

1. 𝑦 = (4𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 1)4

Solution: We will consider y as a function of u, where u is a function of x. We have,

𝑦 = 𝑢4 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = 4𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 1

Note that we will have the following values

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= 4𝑢3 and = 12𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

Thus, from the chain rule

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ∙ = 4𝑢3 (12𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= 4(4𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 1)3 (12𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 )

2. 𝑦 = √5𝑥 − 3
Solution: We will consider y as a function of u, where u is a function of x. We have,
1
𝑦 = √𝑢 = 𝑢2 where u = 5𝑥 − 3
Note the following values
𝑑𝑦 1 − 1 1 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑢 2= 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 5.
𝑑𝑢 2 𝑑𝑥
2𝑢2

9
 From the chain rule, we get
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 1
= ∙ = 1 (5)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
2𝑢2
1
= ( )
1 5
2(5𝑥 − 3)2
5
= 1
2(5𝑥 − 3)2
5
=
2√5𝑥 − 3
1
3. 𝑦 =
(3 − 𝑥 )4
Solution: We will consider y as a function of u, where u is a function of x. We have,
1
𝑦 = 4 = 𝑢−4 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = 3 − 𝑥
𝑢
We note of the following values
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= −4𝑢−5 and = −1
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
Thus, from the chain rule:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ∙ = −4𝑢−5 (−1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= −4(3 − 𝑥 )−5 (−1)
4
=
(3 − 𝑥 )5

TASK 4:
An alternative form of the Chain Rule of differentiation can be expressed in the following form:
𝑑
(𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)′ (𝑥) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑔(𝑥))𝑔′ (𝑥).
𝑑𝑥
Given the following table of values, find the indicated derivatives in a and b.

x f(x) f '(x) g(x) g'(x)

3 5 -2 5 7
5 3 -1 12 4

a. f '(3) where 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)).

b. g'(3) where 𝐺(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)).

10
 Lesson
Implicit Differentiation
2

’s In

TASK 1: On your activity notebook, find the derivatives of the following problem.
(𝑥 3 −2𝑥)
1. y = 8 + п 4. y = (2𝑥−1)
2 1
2. y = 3x + 2x -1 5. y = (2𝑥−1)
3. y = (x3 + 2x)(2x-1)

INTRODUCTION
In the past lessons, we discussed functions in the form of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) which express y
explicitly in terms of 𝑥 and differentiated according to the rules for the types of functions
involved. However, there are functions that are not given in the form 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) but in a more
complicated form in which is difficult to express 𝑦 explicitly in terms of x. These functions are
called implicit functions and are said to determine y as an implicit function of 𝑥, that is, of the
form 𝑓(𝑥) = 0.

To find the derivative of an implicit function, 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 with respect to 𝑥, 𝑦 is

considered as an unknown but differentiable function of 𝑥, and every time we differentiate 𝑦,
𝑑𝑦
we differentiate is as usual but multiply the result by 𝑑𝑥.

Consider this expression,

𝑦 2 + 𝑥 3 – 𝑦 3 + 6 = 3𝑦
with respect of 𝑥.

We differentiate each term with respect to 𝑥:

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑦 2 ) + 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 3 ) − (𝑦 3 ) + 𝑑𝑥 (6) = 𝑑𝑥 (3𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Differentiating functions of x with respect to x is straightforward. But differentiating a

function of y with respect to x we find,

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 +0= 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

11
that is

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 +0= 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
We arrange this to collect all terms with 𝑑𝑥 together.

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 = 3 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
then,

𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 = (3 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑥
so,
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 2
=
𝑑𝑥 3 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑦 2
.
REMEMBER:
Implicit differentiation takes four steps:
Step 1: Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to 𝑥.
𝑑𝑦
Step 2 Collect the terms with 𝑑𝑥 on one side of the equation.
𝑑𝑦
Step 3: Factor out 𝑑𝑥.
𝑑𝑦
Step 4: Solve for 𝑑𝑥 by dividing.

Example 1: Differentiate the implicit function,

𝑥 2 – 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 7
Solution

We have,
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 2 ) − (𝑥𝑦) + 𝑑𝑥 (𝑦 2 ) = 𝑑𝑥 (7) differentiate both sides with respect to x
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 − (𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦) + 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0 treating xy as a product and y2 as a power
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 − (𝑥 + 𝑦) + 2𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 − 2𝑥 collect the terms with 𝑑𝑥 on one side of the equation
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(2𝑦 − 𝑥 ) = 𝑦 − 2𝑥 factor out 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 − 2𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑦 − 𝑥 solve for 𝑑𝑥 by dividing.
𝑑𝑥

12
 𝑑𝑦
Example 2: Find 𝑑𝑥 if 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦

Solution

2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 differentiate both sides with respect to x

𝑑 𝑑 2 𝑑
2(𝑦) = (𝑥 ) + (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2 = 2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 Collect terms with 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦) = 2𝑥 Factor out 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 and divide.
=
𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦

’s New

TASK 2: Solve for y in terms of x in the following equation:

1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
2. 𝑦𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 𝑥

is It
𝑑𝑦
TASK 3: Find 𝑑𝑥 given xy = 1 by rewriting the equation in terms of y.

13
 ’s More

𝑑𝑦
TASK 4: Find 𝑑𝑥 for xy = 1, now, by implicit differentiation. Verify your answer against that
in TASK 3.

I Have Learned

Complete the following statements.

1. I have learned that _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
2. I have realized that _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
3. I will apply what I have learned _____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

14
 I Can Do

A. Given that f '(0) = 2, g(0) = 0 and g'(0) = 3, find (𝑓 ○ 𝑔)′(0).

𝑑𝑦
B. Use Implicit Differentiation to find 𝑑𝑥 if 5𝑦 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 .

C. RUBRIC
CATEGORY 5 4 3 2
Mathematical Explanation Explanation Explanation Explanation
Concepts shows shows shows some shows very
complete substantial understanding limited
understanding understanding of the understanding
of the of the mathematical of the
mathematical mathematical concepts underlying
concepts used concepts used needed to concepts
to solve the to solve the solve the needed to
problem(s). problem(s). problem(s). solve the
problem(s) OR
is not written.
Mathematical 90-100% of Almost all Most (75- More than
Errors the steps and (85-89%) of 84%) of the 75% of the
solutions have the steps and steps and steps and
no solutions have solutions have solutions have
mathematical no no mathematical
errors. mathematical mathematical errors.
errors. errors.
Neatness and The work is The work is The work is The work
Organization presented in a presented in a presented in an appears sloppy
neat, clear, neat and organized and
organized organized fashion but unorganized. It
fashion that is fashion that is may be hard to is hard to
easy to read. usually easy to read at times. know what
read. information
goes together.

Completion All problems All but one of All but two of Several of the
are completed. the problems the problems problems are
are completed. are completed. not completed.

15
A. In your activity notebook, answer the following problem using the Chain rule of
Differentiation.
5
1. 𝑦 = (6𝑥 + 5)3
2. f(x) = (6x2 + 7x)4
3. g(t) = (4t2 – 3t + 2)-2
3
4. f(z) = √1 − 8𝑧
5. y = (3x2 – 7x)8

B. Find the indicated derivative. Write your answer on your activity paper/notebook.
1. x2 – x + y2 = 2xy
2. x2 – y2 + xy = x2y
3. x2 + 2xy + y2 = 0
4. x3 + y2 = 3 + xy
5. 4x2 – 9y2 – x + y = 1

16
 17
What I know
1. Derivative of Constant
2. Derivative of Sum and Difference
3. Derivative of a Product
4. derivative of a Quotient
5. derivative of a reciprocal
LESSON 1 𝑥
2 =−
2
1
TASK 2: a. (𝑓 ○ 𝑔)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(√x) = (√x) + 3 = x +
𝑑𝑥
3 = −1(𝑥 −2 )
𝑑𝑦
b. (𝑔 ○ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑥 2 + 3) = √𝑥 2 + 3
𝑥
= 𝑥 −1 𝑦=
TASK 3: 1
y = f(u) u = g(x) TASK 3:
𝑦 𝑢
= (2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑢5 = (2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2
+ 4)5 + 4) 𝑥+1
1 𝑦=
𝑦= 2 𝑦 = 𝑢−1 𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 + 1 𝑥 − 1
3𝑥 + 1
3𝑥 + 1 3 3𝑥 + 1 𝑦(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 − 1
𝑦=( ) 𝑦 = 𝑢3 𝑢=
4𝑥 − 2 4𝑥 − 2
𝑦𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1
𝑦 = (3𝑥 + 2)2 𝑦 = 𝑢2 𝑢 = 3𝑥 + 2
2. 𝑦𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 𝑥
TASK 4: a. -7 b. -8 𝑦 = ±ඥ1 − 𝑥 2
WHAT I CAN DO:
𝑦2 = 1 − 𝑥2
𝑓′(𝑔(0))∙𝑔′(0)
a. (𝑓 ○ 𝑔)′(0) = =2∙3= 6
𝑓′(0)∙ 𝑔′(0) 1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥
b. =
𝑑𝑥 10𝑦+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 TASK 2
ASSESSMENT 4𝑥 2 −4𝑥+1
5. 𝑦 ′ =
A. 1. y’ = 10(6x + 5)2/3 −2
(2𝑥−1)2
2. f(x)’ = (24x2 + 28x)3(12x + 7) 4. 𝑦 ′ =
2(8𝑡−3)
4𝑥 3 −3𝑥 2 +2
3. f(t)’ = − 2 3
(4𝑡 −3𝑡+2)
3. 𝑦 ′ = 8𝑥 3 – 3𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 2
8
4. f(z)’ = = −
2. 𝑦 ′ = 6𝑥 + 2
3 3ඥ(1−8𝑧)2 1. 𝑦 ′ = 0
5. y = (24x2 – 56x)7(6x – 7) TASK 1
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥−2𝑦−1 LESSON 2
B. 1. =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥−2𝑦
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦−𝑦−2𝑥
2. =
𝑑𝑥 −2𝑦+𝑥− 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
3. = -1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦−3𝑥 2
4. =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦−𝑥
𝑑𝑦 8𝑥−1
5. =
𝑑𝑥 18𝑦−1
References

(n.d.).
(2021, 01 17). Retrieved from mathcentre: www.mathcentre.ac.uk
Carlene Perpetua P. Arceo, P. e. (2016). Teaching Guide for Basic Calculus. Commision on
Higher Education.
Felipe L. Comandante, J. (n.d.). Differential Calculus. National Bookstore.
Ross L. Finney, G. B. (1994). Calculus: Graphical, Numerical, Algebraic. Massachusets:
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.

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