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Chemical Mixture Calculations

The document discusses calculating the bubble point and dew point of mixtures using Raoult's Law, providing an example calculation to find the bubble point temperature and vapor composition of a 45% toluene and 55% benzene mixture at 1,000 mm Hg pressure. It also outlines how to calculate the dew point temperature and liquid composition of the same gas mixture, noting this system of 3 equations with 3 unknowns is nonlinear and difficult to solve manually requiring software.

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Cristine Bellen
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734 views3 pages

Chemical Mixture Calculations

The document discusses calculating the bubble point and dew point of mixtures using Raoult's Law, providing an example calculation to find the bubble point temperature and vapor composition of a 45% toluene and 55% benzene mixture at 1,000 mm Hg pressure. It also outlines how to calculate the dew point temperature and liquid composition of the same gas mixture, noting this system of 3 equations with 3 unknowns is nonlinear and difficult to solve manually requiring software.

Uploaded by

Cristine Bellen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Dew Point Calculations
  • Bubble Point Calculations

Bubble point and Dew point calculations of mixtures of known vapor pressures:

1) What is the bubble point of a mixture of 45% toluene and 55% benzene if the pressure is 1,000
mm Hg? What is the composition of the first vapor formed?

This involves finding the equilibrium temperature as well as the composition.


Let A = benzene
B = toluene; assuming ideal condition, Raoult’s Law applies

¿ ¿
PA X A PB X B
Y A= Y B=
PT PT

P¿A and P¿B are functions of temperature, but there is only one temperature that will make
Y A ∧Y B = 1

By trial & error:

¿ ¿
At T = 90°C, P A =¿ 1,016 mm Hg and PB =¿ 405 mm Hg

1,016 (0.55) 405( 0.45)


Y A= =0.5588+¿ Y B= =0.18228 ¿ 0.74105 ≠1
1,000 1,000
¿
At T = 100°C, P A =¿ 1,344 mm Hg and P¿B =¿ 557 mm Hg

Y A =0.7392+¿ Y B =0.25065 ¿ 0.98985 ≠1

¿ ¿
At T = 105°C, P A =¿ 1,532 mm Hg and PB =¿ 645 mm Hg

Y A =0.8426+¿ Y B =0.29025 ¿ 1.13285 ≠1

Continuous iteration: T BP=100.355 ° C


¿
P A =1,357.348 mm Hg
P¿B =563.248 mm Hg

Y A =0.7465+¿ Y B =0.2535 ¿ 1.0000


2) What is the dew point of a gaseous mixture of 45% toluene and 55% benzene if the pressure is
1,000 mm Hg? What is the composition of the liquid formed?

Similar to problem 1, but the composition of the liquid is unknown


Let A = benzene
B = toluene; assuming ideal condition, Raoult’s Law applies

¿ ¿
P X P X
Y A = A A =0.55 Y B = B B =0.45
PT PT

Assume different temperatures until X A + X B = 1

Use Antoine equation:

1,211.033
log 10 VP A=6.90565−
220.790+T

1,344.800
log 10 VP B=6.95464−
219.482+T

X A + X B=1

¿ Y A PT
PA=
XA

¿ Y B PT
PB =
XB
3 equtions, 3 unknowns, but the resulting system is nonlinear and is quite difficult to solve
manually. (use Mathcad, matlab, etc)

sat B
ln P =A−
C+ T

Note: Use the more updated version of Antoine equation as written in Van Ness book.

Bubble point and Dew point calculations of mixtures of known vapor pressures: 1) What is the bubble point of a mixture of 45%
2) What is the dew point of a gaseous mixture of 45% toluene and 55% benzene if the pressure is 1,000 mm Hg? What is the com
3 equtions, 3 unknowns, but the resulting system is nonlinear and is quite difficult to solve manually. (use Mathcad, matlab

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