7TWPT

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Over 130 pages of information
a n d programs for the zx
spectrum, ZX81 and ZX80 Wc "

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 THE FASTEST WAY TO GET THE
BEST PROGRAMS
Softwaje Supermarket is a very different kind of software shop First, we actually piay ail the programs ourselves • and choose just the best to offer you Second, we send FREE
with your order our unique 32-page catalogue of the best programs - which quotes all the reviews and even lists load times' (For a catalogue only, send £1 cash and we will
send you a voucher for £1 off any order plus your catalogue Third WE ALWAYS TRY TO SEND OUT YOUR PROGRAMS ON THE SAME DAY WE GET YOUR
ORDER. UK prices include VAT Export prices are the same {plus p&p) To order by VISA/ACCESS call 01-789 B546 at any time 24 hrs a day We're not the cheapest, but our
customers in over 40 countries tell us we're the fastest • and we only sell the best

TIR NA NOG 'The plot has everything an adventurer could want

and the graphics are amazing if you have to buy
one game, this couid get my vole (PopCompWkty). Your hero is 56 pixels tail You explore, hau
SHERLOCK 'Sophisticated tich in atmosphere and
amazingly detailed SHERLOCK is a game which no
Spectrum owner will want lobe without a great adventure' (MicroAdventuret) Does lot
waving m the wind, douds moving in the sky, buds flying • absolutely beaut Jul animation Conan Doyle what 'The Hobbit did for J R Tolkien -and it's written by the same programmer
NO STICKS (Gargoyle) £9.95 800 word vocabulary and graphics, toe! NO STICKS (Melbourne Houw) £14.95.

DARK STAR
Q i r n n F n A 7 P "HILARIOUS (and very difficult) school romp
'Try as! may I can't think <h< a belter
l 3 I l V / \ / l j l i / n U U highly original game, which looks set to become arcade game tor the Spectrum ' (PersCompNews)
another monster hit'' (Clash) Latest from the WHEELIE' people has you lobbing the school
safe to get your Report catapulting the masters, avoiding the school bully and it's all in very Claims to bD the longest single-load program ever written for the Spectrum 256 sectors of
well-drawn graphics indeed The most fun we've had since schoci STICKS Kempsron. galaxy to fly around zapping 6 skill levels And CUSTOMISE feature STICKS Kempston
Interfaced. Cursoi I Microsphere) £6.95 Interface, Cursot (De«gn Design) £7.50.
D l T ^ f ^
A C i l / l / V i l X M
A T C For fans ol'Johnny and all historical adventures
Graphic wargame as you fight 5 battles in the
Ameticar. Wai of Independence. Choose your battle, even customize the armies Unique
DEUS EX MACHINA 'Ten out of ten for a
program which surpasses
everything on the market at the moment'; SinclairPtogs) 'The computer equivalent of Pink
LOAD your own battles feature, too. 9 skill levels Endless entertainment NO STICKS Floyd's THE WALL • you must take a look at it." (C&VG) Load the program, the:-, load the sound
{Lothlorien) £6.95
cassette which synchronises music with your playing Stars Jon Per twee, Frankie Howerd,
T r T T M r p i l THE FIRST ANIMATED PERSONAL COMBAT GAME1
lan Dury - and Mel Croucher' STICKS Kempston. Interface. (Automata) £15.00.
w l l U r U For 1 or 2 players Faithfully reproduces the movements and
blows of Kutig Fu using very large, cleverly animated fighters You can replay each bou: •
which helps you to leam A great change and beautifully executed STICKS: Kempston SYSTEM 15000 "AN ABSOLUTELY WONDERFUL
IDEA ARTIFICIAL HACKING'System
15000closely mimics a vast number of different databases and you have to hack your way
interlace! (Bug-Byte) £6.95
| T U D A T T T 1? 'As addictive as any race game on around discovering passwords " (PopCompWkly) '1 recommend you piay this game il you can.
It U u L A n i \ U JL X u C l the market a hair-raising version It could become a cult game in years to come.' (YrComm) NO STICKS (Craig) £9,95.
of the Grand Prix bOOcc TT Racer" (Sinclair User) Totally amazing., the animation ot the
bikes and the perspective FX are quite brilliant" (Big K) Choose put citcun from 9) as you
prepare to iace your Grand Pnx bike. Choose your Saps Then take on the field Total realism
COMPLETE MACHINE CODE
"THE BEST MACHINE-CODE TUTOR no serious Spectrum programmer should learn
STICKS Kempston. Interface 2, AGF (Micromega) £6.95
machine-code without it "(Crash1) "Simple to use the lessons are comprehensive enough to
fjl f t n r i WW * I 'Animated graphics and video-style split-screen techniques help even the beginner an excellent introduction to assembly language very user-friendly '
E i U A u t l i l • make EUREKA' a visually interesting game as well as an
(Sinclair User) Over 70K of data loads in 4 parts from 2 cassettes Helpful manual NO STICKS
entertaining adivnture" (Comp&VidGames) 250K of ptogtam1 Solve 5 adventures and arcade
(New Generation) £14.95.
games and woid-and-picture puzz&s (fuil-cotour manual) to find the secret phone number and
win £25.000 (II no-one wins by Xmas'85, everyone shares the prize1) STICKS Kempston
Interface2 (Domark) ON1Y £13.95
NEW! NEW! NEW! NEW!
At prett-tlme, we have jiut received the following programs which look great.
D A T AT T D ! v e n6ver ^ 3 0 mucfl a P'<%7am '' No review* yet - but they're all in stock.
I l i l l i 1 O U A think you'll bnd it's the best £7 70's wonh you've ever
spent" (ZX Computing) Even a child can use this Paintbox but adults can get amazing
ZAXXON (US Gold) £7.95
results, too DEMO Define up to 84 User Definable Graphics 2-speed hi-res drawing program VALKYRIE 17 (Ramjam) £10.00
Drawing board, sketch pad. 28-page manual STICKS Kempston. (Print V Plotter) £7.70
r n A C I A T f t 12 n O have a Spectrum and wish to do word GHOSTBUSTERS (Activision) £10.00
X i l O V V x / X \ U ma processing or, it. you could hardly do tetter than to
useTasword2 simply excellent'(PersCompNem) 'The number of on screen prompts DOOMDARK'S REVENGE (Beyond) £9.95
together with the excellent manual, make it ideal, even for an absolute beginner"
(PersCompWcrld) Pnnls 64 characters per line on you: screen and drives most printer KNIGHT LORE (Ultimate) £9.95
interfaces Text printed as you see it on the screen Useful Taswoid Tutor included The
classic Spectrum word processor NO STICKS (Tainuw) £13.90
RUNES OF ZENDOS (Dorcas) £7.95

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 —

Editor: Ray Elder

Editorial A s s i s t a n t : Jamie Clarv
Group Editor: W e n d y J Palmer
Sales E x e c u t i v e : J o n a t h a n M c G a r y Origination and design by M M Design Et Print,
A d v e r t i s e m e n t Manager: Barry Bingham Circus House. 2 6 Little Portland Street, L o n d o n W 1 N 5 AF.
Divisional A d v e r t i s i n g Manager: Chris Northern
C o p y Controller: Sue C o u c h m a n Published by A r g u s Specialist Publications Ltd,
Chairman: T J Connell 1 Golden Square. L o n d o n W 1 R 3 AB.

welcome
CONTENTS Spectrum Lessons 24 Book News 64
Our b e l o v e d Editor i n t r o d u c e s yet Mike Edmunds' reviews of Choose some good reads for those
another tremendous issue. educational programs. long w i n t e r evenings.

Sinclair News 10 Quicksoft 28 Gencalc 67|

A gathering of short reviews. A useful spreadsheet p r o g r a m for

Beach Attack . . . . 1 2 competition

those tricky financial problems.
- Musical MIDI . . . . . 7 A
Take cover the beach is under
a t t a c k . Make for the dunes!
ZX C o m p u t i n g take a look at the

Light Screen Designer 16 'Oodunnit 35 musical controller.

Part 5 of Toni Baker's graphics

A matter of m y s t e r y and suspense Tower of Hanoi . . 76
— can y o u deduce ' o o d u n n i t ' ?
program.
A game of logic for Z X 8 1 o w n e r s .

Battle of the Giants20 Glossyairy 40

A n hilarious computer glossary.
Stand back and let battle
commence. . .
Netherwallop Golf
ASP FIGHTS SOFTWARE PIRACY
Course 42
Much has been said and written in condemnation of Regardless of the w e a t h e r , y o u can
software piracy but lew hava taken • positive i t a n d
agamst ft. ASP I* among those f e w that hava taken
enjoy a challenging round of
action 10 help curt) (tie grave problem of home golf. . .
copying of commercial t o ft ware
ASP ha* already taken steps to eliminate
advertisements In our magazines which relate to
tape duplication for piracy purpose*. While ft is
Connections 52
appreciated that Individuals may take 'back-up' A ZX81 version of the popular
copies of their o w n program*. It should be noted that
It i* ILLEGAL to copy commercialy avalable Connect 4 game.
software for other than personal use
Software piracy Is costing the software industry
huge sum* of money which I* detrimental to the Across The Pond .60
fuiure development of the industry. ft t* in
everybody'* interests to dramatically reduce the Our regular letter f r o m America.
;ill. T
level of software piracy primarily because firms need i " T
funds raised from software sates to plough back into
research and development of new products. This
means that the standard of software product* can Spectrum Arcade 61
only improve i» * «
ASP hopes our action will help combat this
serious problem in order to maintain and improve the
high standards of the UK software industry We are
Arcade gatries reviewed,
I I - *
asking you to do the same by refraining from
duplicating or copying commercially available
software for anything other than personal use ijljf .
4 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 Z
 ZX Computing is published bi-monthly on the fourth Friday of the month. Distributed by Argus Press Sales & Distribution Ltd. 12-18 Paut Street, London
EC2A 4JS 0 1 - 2 4 7 8 2 3 3 Printed in the UK by: Garnett Print. Rotherham and London

The contents of this publication including all articles, designs, plans, drawings and programs and all copyright and other intellectual property rights therein
belong to Argus Specialist Publications Ltd. All rights conferred by the Law of Copyright and Other intellectual property fights and by virtue of international
copyright conventions are specifically reserved to Argus Specialist Publications Ltd. Any reproduction requires the prior w n t l e n consent of Argus Specialist
Publications Ltd.
p; Argus Specialist Publications Ltd 1 9 8 4

Stranded . . . . . . 951 1 Music Micro, PleasellS

Get involved in an exciting Music program and peripherals
Adventure w i t h your Z X 8 1 . reviewed.

Saga 1 Emperor K e y - 1 Green Boing 116

board 97 Spectrum o w n e r s get a chance t o
A review of yet another keyboard help that persistant frog on his w a y .
for Sinclair computers.
Sampler 120
Debugger 101 An attractive graphics demo
Great tips on debugging programs. program.

Rotronics wafadrive • Conversion Tips 126

Review 105 W e help convert Z X 8 1 programs for
Problem P a g e . . . .79 Another means of data storage
the Spectrum.

Some of your sticky problems answered. w e give our impressions.

Key To Success . . .80 Bandit .106

We review the Mancomp and Ricoll Your money or your computer!
keyboards.
Hardware News .110
Software News . .81 All sorts of goodies to add to your Please note that Sinclair ZX. Z X 8 0 . ZX81. ZX
Spectrum, ZX Microdrive. ZX Interface. ZX Net.
We take a careful look at some of the computer. Microdrive, Microdrive Cartridge, ZX Printer, and
current s o f t w a r e around. ZX Power Supply are all registered trademarks of

First Steps in Machine Sinclair Research Ltd

Patience 4 .84 Code .111 Subscription rates UK £ 1 2 70 including postage

Airmail and other rates upon dpplication to ZX
Computing. Subscriptions. Infonet Ltd. Times
Part 4 of our Spectrum card game series. House. 1 7 9 The Marlowes, Hemel Hempstead.
Part 2 of David Nowotnik's
Herts HP1 1 BB STel: 0 4 4 2 4 8 4 3 2 )
instructive series.
Chess Clock .88 ZX Computing is constantly on the look out (or

Seconds o u t . . the chess game can

Tortoise Wise . . .114 well w r i t t e n articles and programs, If you think
that your efforts meet our standards, please feel
free to submit your work to us for consideration for
now begin. David Stewart as the ignorant publication
All submitted material should be typed if possi
parent.
Readers' Reviews 90 ble; handwritten work will be considered, but
please use your neatest handwnting. Any pro
grams submitted should be listed, a cassette of
your program alone will nol be considered All pro
You the readers w i t h your v i e w s of grams must come complete w i t h a full explanation
some of the available s o f t w a r e . of the operation and. where relovant, the strut
ture. Spectrum programs should be accompanied

ZX81 Soft
w i t h a cassette of the program as well as the
listing.

Selection .91
All submissions will be acknowledged and the
copyright in such works w h i c h will pass to Argus
Specialist Publications Ltd will be paid for at com
petitive rates. All w o r k for consideration should be
A perusal of Z X 8 1 s o f t w a r e . sent to the Editor at our Golden Square address

5 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985 Z

 WELCOME
On The Other Hand
BT's Prestel/Micronet 8 0 0
seems t o be g e t t i n g a fair bit of
use, several readers have
Mailboxed messages to me and
most c o m m e n t s w e r e favour-
able, although some criticism of
the b r e a k d o w n s w a s made.
There are a f e w people w h o m
I failed to reply because I pressed
Contributions the w r o n g b u t t o n at the w r o n g
time and lost their numbers,
W e are a l w a y s on the lookout h o w e v e r most w e r e answered.
for good programs and articles
for future issues of ZX Com
puting, and w h e r e better to look
than t o our o w n readers. If,
w h e n reading t h r o u g h the
magazine y o u think y o u can
w r i t e programs as well, or better
than, our present contributors,
then let's hear f r o m you.
A l l c o n t r i b u t i o n s a r e , of
course, paid for at very c o m -
petitive rates. So if y o u ' v e got
your eye on a new ZX add-on or
y o u ' d just like t o supplement
your pocket m o n e y , get w r i t i n g !
It is vital, t h o u g h , that all the pro-
grams you send us are totally
original, and not ' b o r r o w e d ' or
adapted' f r o m other magazines
or books. (When Tim Hartnell
w a s sitting in the Editor's chair,
he even recieved 'original' con- Wade Biss suggested w e ran
tributions he himself had w r i t t e n a regular c o l u m n in ZX Com-
I have an axe t o grind. In the other direction review for his o w n books!) puting, this is a g o o d idea, but I
I d o n ' t usually like t o grind p a c k a g e s f o r t w o of our Any k i n d of program think I ought to get someone
axes in public, because, as those reviewers never reached t h e m . (business, domestic, educa- w i t h a bit more expertise than
of you w h o have indulged in this This meant that Chinese Jug- t i o n a l , or j u s t f u n ) w i l l be myself to w r i t e it! I am making
activity k n o w , the sparks have a gler, Beach Head, A u t o m a n i a , w e l c o m e d w h i c h use ZX BASIC enquiries. . . .
tendancy t o fly and the grinder TLL, T h e Prince, A l i e n a n d in clever and efficient w a y s , or M e a n w h i l e there is a superb
can easily get burnt. several others d i d n ' t get review- those w h i c h employ certain book published by Melbourne
But still, the time has c o m e as ed, the companies concerned routines w h i c h can be re-used House on Micronet 8 0 0 and the
the walrus said, t o speak of w o u l d willingly supply us w i t h on other programs. S p e c t r u m and the V T X 5 0 0 0 by
many things, and one thing that replacements, and many have Program listings are v i t a l , Alan Giles, w e l l w o r t h looking
has increasingly irritated me is done so, but the time delay in along w i t h a clear explanation of at,
the sen/ice (?) provided by the this fast turnover market o f t e n h o w t h e p r o g r a m is c o n - Special thanks for M / B o x e s
GPO. means that it is t o o late. structed, w h a t it does and w h a t sent by Mr. A . La Delfa, Mrs.
N o w people in glass houses The latest example is the the user can expect t o see once C . V . R u s s e l , N. P e a r c e of
s h o u l d n ' t , as they say, and I am A d a p t RGB interface, I have the program is RUN (a screen W e s t o n , A n n e Younger, and
certainly not in a position t o been w a i * i n g for this device for d u m p is particularly valuable in w h o e v e r applied to Meditel on
claim that I'm fault free. some six w e e k s n o w , and 1 had this respect). W h e n s u b m i t t i n g my behalf!
Goodness K n o w s there are er- planned t o include in this issue S p e c t r u m programs, it is very
rors enough in ZX Computing an article on this unit and some i m p o r t a n t to remember to introducing. ..
and it drives me to drink trying t o of the monitors on the market. enclose a cassette of the pro-
eliminate t h e m , the occasional O p u s sent theirs a l o n g f i v e gram as w e l l as the listing, as The last issue featured Spec-
spelling mistake, lapse of gram- w e e k s ago and several others this will allow us t o check the t r u m arcade reviews by David
mar and printing problem. But I are sitting here w a i t i n g , taking program before publication. H o w a r d , he is a w e l l k n o w n
am aware of t h e m and I try t o up room and time as I have to ex author and his Interface book on
keep t h e m t o a m i n i m u m by aim- plain t o the companies that so arcade g a m e s for the S p e c t r u m
ing for perfection. kindly loaned t h e m t o us that w e is a steady seller.
The excellent DK'Tronics are " n o t quite finished w i t h it He has agreed t o join us on a
club newsletter arrived the other
day and m y c o m m e n t about the
yet"
Even more w o r r y i n g is the
\ in / i regular basis as chief arcade pro
gram r e v i e w , w e hope you enjoy
unreliability of the GPO w a s f a c t that w e have no w a y t o his assessment of these pro-
quoted in it. It made me take k n o w of your missing articles, grams a n d look f o r w a r d t o a
stock and I w a s shocked at h o w reviews, programs and letters of
•K lengthy association.
m u c h has gone astray.
I k n o w for certain that in the
last f e w m o n t h s four items f r o m
praise (!l Therefore, t o the sup-
pliers and t o y o u r s e l v e s , I
apologise. I w o u l d also add that
/ • • j\ A n d so here w e go again,
apologise t o all those w i t h pro-
blems w i t h our Christmas pro-
g r a m (and t o Clyde Bish w h o
DK, T W O S p e c t r u m s f r o m at the public level, our local PO f i
Sinclair, Software from and the patient delivery men, w r o t e it), w e sent out amend-
Melbourne House, A u t o m a t a , the service cannot be faulted. It m e n t s t o e v e r y o n e w h o en-
M i c r o m e g a , Ultimate and just seems that in the GPO's ver- quired about it as it w o u l d have
Beyond has been sent and never sion of a CPU there appears to been t o o late just to print t h e m in
reached us. be a b u g . this issue.

6 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985

 WELCOME
I just hope the GPO didn't
lose a n y . . ,
If you do find a problem then,
after checking to make sure it's
not your error, please do w rite t o
use, w e always do our best t o
help.
Inside is another collection of
s o m e of t h e best s o f t w a r e
published, critical c o m m e n t and
informative articles (modest
a r e n ' t II s o c h o c k s a w a y
Biggies, and a w a y w e g o . . . .

Life in it y e t . . .
Dear ZX Computing,
Having read Mr. Rogers letter in
the A u g u s t / S e p t e m b e r since
about there still being life left in
the Z X 8 1 , 1 w o u l d like t o a d d the
f o l l o w i n g c o m m e n t s on the
value of the Z X 8 1 . It is easy for
experienced users of c o m p u t e r s
to be cynical t o w a r d s it because
of its limitations. A s they have
had several years of c o m p u t i n g
they are quite o f t e n unable t o
appreciate i t ' s value. !t is an ideal
computer for a beginner. It being
cheap it is not such a w a s t e
w h e n it is discarded after a
m o n t h or t w o maybe. It is easy
to learn on and takes a novice
from the first steps of program-
ming to be a c o m p e t e n t user. It
is easier t o start at the beginning to augment the t w o built-in to Slogo no-go!' of travel a then the final co-
rather than trying to get com- the QL. Page 2 of the Introduc- ordinates will be (xf + x),<yf + yl.
plicated and not really tion t o my Q l Users' Guide Dear Ray, If this point is w i t h i n the screen
understanding it properly. The states " Z X Microdrives are not I trust that you may find the limits the w h o l e distance a can
simple Z X 8 1 machine can be suitable for use w i t h the Q L " , f o l l o w i n g c o m m e n t s sufficiently be plotted. If one of these co-
built u p p r o g r e s s i v e l y w i t h but recently I have read a tetter in interesting for publication ordinates lies outside the limits
useful hardware and interesting the c o m p u t i n g press Isorry, although by this time no doubt of the screen then only a propor
software t o make a w o r t h w h i l e f o r g o t t e n where), that Spec y o u will have received other let- tion, say al, of the total distance
system of equipment. Or also it trum Microdrives could be used ters on the same subject. can be plotted w i t h i n the screen
could be sold to be put t o w a r d s a as read-only devices w i t h the Having entered David limits. If say the x co-ordinate for
bigger machine. QL. Filled w i t h trepidation, I w a s N o w o t n i k ' s " S l o g o " Program instance is exceeded then it is
not only able to confirm this, but the other night I set about the easy to calculate the distance
T h e Z X 8 1 is s t i l l t h e w a s able to FORMAT and SAVE usual trial running exercise in along the x direction from the
cheapest c o m p u t e r on the files on cartridges in these extra order to eliminate the inevitable point x,y to the edge of the
market and no other c o m p a n y drives. Such files are LOADable entry errors. However after this screen. (Either 2 5 5 x or x). If
has produced another computer in the t w o original drives, and I process appeared complete I this distance is designated xl
on par for value w i t h it. have n o w been using the QL found that I still had a bug in the then congruency tells us that
The Z X 8 1 will still provide w i t h t w o extra ZX Microdrives " X w r a p " routine w h i c h only al/a xf. (Similar considerations
enjoyment for many people for a for a week w i t h no apparent appeared w h e n the direction of also apply w h e n it is the y screen
while to come. snags. I ' m glad I made provision travel w a s b e t w e e n RT 9 0 and limit that is exceeded.
Yours faithfully for eight microdrives in my QL RT 1 8 0 . 1 eventually traced this I enclose amended " w r a p "
A.R, PARKINS. Utilities package! to line 1 4 2 0 w h i c h is patently and " e n t e r " routines w h i c h are
To connect them, I unplugg- w r o n g (yl should be equal t o - x- based on the above and w h i c h
ed the ribbon cable from the l/TAN(PI-q). H o w e v e r there is an are rather neater than those
S p e c t r u m ' s Interface 1, and even more serious flaw w h i c h published (as well as w o r k i n g in
QL Microdrives plugged this into the Microdrive occurs in line 1 4 2 5 w i t h the
c o m m a n d RT 9 0 FD 2 0 0 (or
all directions). The routines at
lines 1 4 0 0 and 1 5 0 0 merely
expansion port of the QL. The
Dear Sir, Microdrives therefore end up any distance off the screen) calculate the length of line in the
Sinclair Research have been w i t h the slots facing away from w h i c h indicates clearly the risks direction of travel that will fit in-
much criticised in the past for you. Perhaps this is w h y Sinclair in using the reciprocal of a func- to the screen, draws it, plots the
launching products before they say they are not suitable! Is this tion w h i c h can by itself have point at the start of the " w r a p "
are actually available, but I am compatibility exclusive to QLs values of 0 and infinity. and d r a w s the remainder of the
pleased to say that this trend fitted w i t h " d o n g l e s " (I have The use of T A N q is of course not line assuming that this will n o w
now seems t o have been revers- QDOS version PM till)? I do hope required (nor for that matter is fit; if it doesn't then the process
ed. I seem to have f o u n d a pro some of y o u will try this w i t h Pythagoras) as anyone familiar is repeated till it does. In the case
duct w h i c h is readily available later QLs and let us k n o w . D o n ' t w i t h c o n g r u e n t triangles will w h e r e b o t h the final co-
before Sinclair have launched it s u e m e if s o m e t h i n g g o e s realise. ordinates lie outside the screen
extra Microdrives for the Q U w r o n g ; the User Guide must be If the variables xf and yf limits then the routine at line
On the right-hand edge of the right sometimes! represent the increments in the 1 6 0 0 determines the distances
QL, near the reset b u t t o n is the Yours faithfully x and y directions corresponding along the line of travel for the ^
slot designated for Microdrives C.C. Wilton-Davies) to a distance along the direction d r a w n line to exceed the x axis ^

7 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985

 WELCOME
literature on the Seikosha repair it in Spain (it w a s imported
U 0 ( 3 REM * x w r a p * t machine and during a telephone f r o m UK), I decided to repair it
14-10 L E T x l = ( - x * ( (x +x f ) ( 0 i f ( 2 5 5 conversation I decided t o pur myself. I opened it, and I f o u n d
< ) # ( ( x + y f ) >2 5 5 ) ) chase a Seikosha G P 5 5 0 A s o m e problem o n the first 1 6K
14.20 L E T y l = y f * ( x l / x f ) : LET a 1 = a w h i c h , t o m y great surprise ar- R A M storage.
* ( X l / X f ) rived w i t h i n three days - I live in N o w start the problems. M y
14-30 GO SUB 3 1 2 0 a beautiful but remote part of the Spectrum has 1 6K
14-4-0 L E T a =a - a 1: L E T y =y +y l L E T
Lake District. T w o w e e k s later M M 5 2 9 0 N - 2 circuits, and not
x = < 0 + 2 S B * < ( X f + X ) <0 ) ) i n f o r m a t i o n o n the Microline
14-50 RETURN the standard 4 1 1 6 - 2 . I had a
printers came to hand. look to the I.C. Master Book, and
1 5 0 0 REM * * y w r a p * *
1 5 1 0 L E T y l = - y * ( (y +y f ) <0) + ( 1 7 5 - y Over seventy years of age the 4 1 1 6 - 2 appears as a valid
) * ( (y +y f ) > l7 5 ) and lacking in any real technical replacement for the
1 5 2 0 L E T X I k n o w l e d g e , problems arose in M M 5 2 9 0 N - 2 , BUT:
K y i / y f) =x f * fy 1 / y f ) : L E T a l = a i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of instructions. If I insert the 4 1 1 6 - 2 in the
1 5 3 0 GO SUB Both of the suppliers, DRG and place of the M M 5 2 9 0 N - 2 , the
154-0 L E T a = 3 1 2 0 Tasman w e r e m o s t helpful w i t h S p e c t r u m does not initialize and
y = (0 + 1 7 5 * (a - a 1 : L E T x = x +x 1 L E T m y difficulties but the first class in the TV screen there are ran-
1 5 5 0 RETURN (y f + y ) <0) ) service given by DRG is w o r t h dom d y n a m i c squares w i t h ran-
1 6 0 0 REM * * x a n d / o r y w r a p * * special mention. W h e n a sup-
L E T x 1r { - x t ( ( x + x f ) d o m colours.
1 6 1 0 <0) + ( 2 5 5 - plier g i v e s s u c h u n g r u d g i n g
X ) * ( I x + x f ) >2 5 5 ) ) I f o r c e d a permanent RESET
after-sales halp t h e w o r l d should signal, in order t o have some
1 6 2 0 L E T y 1= - y * ( ( y + y f ) < 0 ) + ( ( 1 7 5 - be told. M a n a g e m e n t of Hilton stable w a v e f o r m s in the data
y) * ( (y +y f) > 1 7 5 ) )
L E T Computer services have also bus, and, using an oscilloscope
1 6 3 0 ay =a f R B S ( y l / y f ) : L E T a
been most tolerant in answering at the data pin of the I.C., J f o u n d
x =a *flB5 (x l/ x f)
164.0 I F ay > =ax m y idiotic questions. the data bit missing in some
T H E N GO T O 14-00
1 6 5 0 I P a x >3M T H E N GO T O 1 5 0 0 Yours faithfully m o m e n t s , and I feel there cold
Alex A m e s be some " r e f r e s h " problems. In
High Lorton fact, the " R E F R E S H " signal of
3 0 0 0 REM * * f o r w a r d * * Cumbria.
3 0 2 0 GO SUB 1 2 0 0 : I F e r r >0 T H E N the - 8 0 , used during the T V
RETURN Sync, cycle, is not connected in
3 0 3 0 I F t u r t = 0 T H E N L E T t u r t s l : the issue 3. M a y b e the
GO SUB 1 1 0 0 M M 5 2 9 0 N - 2 a c c e p t s this " n o n
3 6 4 0
3 0 5 0
L E T
L E T
q = d i r t P I / 1 8 0
x f = I N T { . 5 + a # 5 I N L E Loss of memory c o n n e x i o n and non refreshing
c y c l e " due to a longer refresh
T y f = I N T ( . 5 +a *COS q) Dear Sir, time, and the 4 1 1 6 - 2 does not?
3 0 6 0 I F ( X f + X ) < = 2 5 5 AND ( X / + X ) > = I've asked y o u some time ago A s a last test, in order to
0 AND ( y f + y ) < = 1 7 5 RND ( y f + y ) > = 0
about the differences b e t w e e n check if there w a s any problem
THEN L E T X l = X f : L E T y l = y f : GO S U
B 3 1 2 0 : L E T x = x + x l : L E T y = y + y l ; the differents issues of Spec- in any other I.C. c o n n e c t e d to
RETURN t r u m ( 1 , 2 , 3 and 3B), and y o u the same bit of the data bus, I
told me that, "To my interchanged a "good"
3 0 7 0 I F ( ( X f + X ) > 2 5 5 OR t x f + x ) < 0 )
RND ( y f + y ) <= 1 7 5 RHD ( y f + y ) T k n o w l e d g e , and Sinclair con- M M 5 2 9 0 N - 2 with a 4 1 1 6 - 2 ,
HEN GO SUB 14-00 firm, ALL hardware is compati- and the above w a v e f o r m s w e n t
3 0 8 0 I F ( x f < = 2 5 5 RND ( x f + x ) > = ble w i t h no problems for all w i t h the I.C. to the n e w places,
0 RND ( ( y f + y ) > 1 7 5 OR ( y f + y ) < 0 * T issues." so there is not a problem w i t h
HEN GO SUB 1 5 0 0 Unfortunately, I have others I.C.'s, it is a problem
3 0 9 0 I F ( (X f +X > > 2 5 5 OR ( X f + X ) <0> discovered a big difference bet- related w i t h the 4 1 1 6 - 2 itself.
RND ( ( y f + y ) > 1 7 5 OR Cy f + y ) < 0 ) T H w e e n the issue 3 (at least some A n m y history does not end
EN GO SUB 1 6 0 0 issue 3) and the o t h e r s . . . Let yet, I've tried to get
3 1 0 0 GO T O 3 0 5 0 me tell y o u m y history M M 5 2 9 0 N - 2 in Spain, UK, Ger
3 1 2 0 I F P P = 1 T H E N P L O T x , y : DRRU many . . , impossible. The best
In M a y , m y S p e c t r u m crash
x l ^ y l : ed, and, due t o the problems to answer I've got is " i t is an ob
3 1 3 0 I F p p = 0 T H E N P L O T I N V E R S E 1
; OUER l ; x , y DRRU I N U E R S E 1; OU
ER l ; x 1 > y 1
314.0 L E T t =0 RETURN

and y axis limits, c o m p a r e s t h e m in Cumbria had been visited or

and then routes the program to telephone to enquire a) w h e t h e r
the routine for the appropriate they had printers in stock or b)
axis reached first. whether they could make
Eureka. . . and Euclid k n e w a available examples of the w o r k
thing or t o o as well! p r o d u c e d it w a s clear that help
David F M Carmichael w a s not readily available. Only
STir® $ * « *!i
A Tm • * ft * ®
one had a printer in stock while
the others w e r e not interested or
did not keep a promise to get in-
A Tasword tale to touch.
T h e next step w a s to consult
ifii iSi as iii $ » »

as many periodicals as I could

® i i <31 a • *?
Dear Sir,
T a s w o r d T w o is a m o s t ex- find for r e v i e w s of the various
cellent w o r d p r o c e s s i n g pro- printers on the market. Reviews
ii m ® ® as
gram for the S p e c t r u m and t o do turned out to be very f e w but it
it justice a suitable printer is a seemed that Seikosha and il>» it ® ® ®
necessity. A s a c o m p l e t e ig- Microline o f f e r e d possibilities
n o r a m u s , a g o o d d e a l of and so I w r o t e to b o t h DRG
assistance in making a choice Business S y s t e m s and the
w a s needed. H o w e v e r , after all agents for Microline. Within
the dealers that I could discover t h r e e d a y s DRG had sent

8 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5
I

WELCOME
soleted c i r c u i t " and it seems main ROM is in a IC socket next system, w h i c h w o u l d require an and enjoy it's capacities.
that all the circuits that there is t o a small, upside-down circuit expensive converter t o power I should therefore, be very
at the m o m e n t in the w o r l d are in board. The cartridge ROM is in any external hardware. m u c h obliged to you if you could
Sinclair's stock, and they do not another socket near the back of Sincerely help me have the suitable In-
sell t h e m . . . . . the machine and the printer,' Paul McGinnis structions for use.
Some friend of mine is trying expansion port. REMEMBER USA I do have in my possession a
to get t h e m all, over the world. The main ROM is near the center SPECTRUM COMPUTER.
I'll let y o u k n o w if I arise t o get of the machine and next t o the Thanking you in advance, I w i s h
them small upside-down circuit t o remain
By the w a y , it is not easy for board!!) I strongly recommend
using an IC extraction/insertion
T/S users Croup Yours sincerely
me t o send m y S p e c t r u m to A m i t Barak
Sinclair UK to repair it (even tool be used to take the main Dear ZX Computing,
w a i t i n g some 6 m o n t h s to get it ROM out and put in the Spec- I am w r i t i n g t o request help on
back) and the Sinclair repres. in t r u m ROM. It is very important behalf of t h e t h o u s a n d s of
Spain does not repair it because t o note on the T S 2 0 6 8 ROM Timex/Sinclair 2 0 6 8 owners
it w a s not bought in Spain. chip that there is a half-circle here in the States. W e have BASIC on GOTOS
I've read in some of your last notch at the top of the chip. heard that 2 0 6 8 ' s are n o w
issues y o u w e r e looking for con- There will also be a notch at the available in England. W o u l d any Dear Ray,
tributions t o publish in your top of the S p e c t r u m ROM. The software companies which Having read the Aug/Sept issue I
magazine. I do not k n o w if this S p e c t r u m ROM m u s t be put in have compatible s o f t w a r e for w a s intrigued w i t h the toolbox
one will fit in your ideas of w h a t so that the notch faces the same these excellent computers item for the Z X 8 1 of " o n X
could be published or not in your w a y as the one on the chip taken please get in t o u c h w i t h us? Goto/Gosub" by Mark
magazine, but 1 feel that, w i t h out, i.e. to the back of the Also, any book publishers or W e n h a m , giving a machine code
s o m e c o r r e c t i o n s to m y machine. It is also very impor- booksellers w h o handle Sinclair routine to do a task missing in
" s p a n g l i s h " , it could be of m u c h tant t o insert the n e w Spectrum c o m p u t e r books can contact us. t h e Z X 8 1 c o m m a n d s . However
interest for amy S p e c t r u m ROM chip so that all the pins are Lastly, our local group pur- there is a single line of basic that
users, with interest of in the correct holes in the socket chases copies of ZX Computing will do this job.
k n o w l e d g e about Sinclair hard- i.e. none bent over the edge t h r o u g h our local dealer and en-
ware. of the socket and no pins hang- joy it a great deal. Are there 1 0 0 0 GOTO V A L " , 0 2 0 0 ,
If y o u have any n e w s or sug- ing over the top or b o t t o m end of other magazines there w h i c h w e 0 3 0 0 , 0400, 0500, etc"
gestions , w h i c h could be of the chip socket. If y o u feel this is might subscribe t o that also (A * 5 - 3 TO a 5)
helpful for me, please, answer t o too difficult to do, I recommend cover the Sinclair machines. If
the address b e l o w : asking s o m e o n e proficient in so, please send particulars. This w o r k s for Gosub's also,
Yours sincerely digital electronics t o do it for Please help us in our hour of and can be made more compact
F. Javier Escribano you. In my o w n case, I did it need. by o m i t t i n g the ' , ' b e t w e e n
myself, but I am also a third year Yours, n u m b e r s a l t h o u g h harder to
Ed's Replay: / can't be of much university student of electrical Richard Cravy read.
help, but I wonder if this has engineering. THIS OPERATION
anything to do with the reason SHOULD BE DONE WITH THE 1000 GOTO VAL
that the microdrives work POWER OFF!!! " 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0005 00
perfectly with some Spectrums Y o u n o w have the equivalent Lost for words e t c " ( A * 4 - 3 TO A * 4)
yet cause problems on others! of a 4 8 k Spectrum. You can test
Dear Sirs, 'Time w i s e ' this is slower by
this by turning the power on.
I have just received as a gift . 0 7 5 of a second (1 8 8 5 frames
Y o u s h o u l d get the Sinclair
" s p e e c h S y n t h e s i s e r " of Com- per 5 0 0 gosubs on my time trial)
copyright notice. The n e w chip
puter A d d Ons, f r o m my family per gosub/goto and as the most
TS 2068 to will not affect the colours on the
T V because the American video
residing at Leicester. useful application is in response
SPECTRUM! circuitry is still there.
The above mentioned Model
w a s p u r c h a s e d four m o n t h s
t o a user request (and they are
n o t o r i o u s l y s l o w ) the faster
Recently, I converted by Timex It w a s noted that although ago. To my astonishment and machine code routine does not
TS 2 0 6 8 computer into a 4 8 K the ROM w a s changed and the regret no instructions for use seem w o r t h the extra 1 4 0 byte
Spectrum. This information may s y s t e m s variables changed (pro- were included, and the c o m p a n y it uses.
be very useful to your American grams d o n ' t start at address w e n t bankrupt. Therefore, I can- Yours faithfully
readers b e c a u s e S p e c t r u m 2 3 7 5 6 but at address 2 3 7 5 5 ) not use the above mentioned C . J . W . Davis.
machine code programs will not the Input/Output (I/O) hardware
run very well on the TS 2 0 6 8 , is still mapped as before. The
although BASIC programs will. f o l l o w i n g In/Out locations are
My method s listed below. probably not used on the Spec-
t r u m but are still present in the
I ordered the S p e c t r u m ROM
TS 2 0 6 8 : 2 4 5 , 2 4 6 - sound
chip f o r m P.V. T u b e s , 1 0 4
synthesizer chip; 2 5 5 — ad-
Abbey St., A c c r i n g t o n BB5 1 EE,
vanced video modes.
Lanes., England. I enclosed a
money order in pounds sterling I believe that there are t w o
(available at Barclay's Bank or locations used for the m o d e m
Deak-Perrar here) for £ 8 . 8 5 . and one for the joysticks, but I
This was £ 5 . 9 5 for the Chip, haven't been able t o find them.
£ 0 . 9 0 for V A T , and £ 2 . 0 0 for I can basically summarize by
airmail postage. I also requested saying that it seems to work
that the package be labelled 'DO v e r y w e l l as a S p e c t r u m
NOT X-RAY - contains delicate emulator. Several machine code
electronic c o m p o n e n t ' . This programs for the S p e c t r u m that
took t w o and a half weeks to ar- use ROM calls w o r k fine. I w o u l d
rive after I sent the order. be a little cautious about buying
When I received the chip, I English h a r d w a r e for the
opened up the computer. It is im- machine becuse I am not sure it
portant to note w h i c h screws w o u l d w o r k and also the Unite
came from w h i c h holes. I remov- Kingdom power mains are 2 4 0
ed the main ROM chip and left volt 5 0 cycle system and the US
the cartridge ROM chip in. The uses a 1 2 0 v o l t 6 0 c y c l e

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985

 GENERAL NEWS

SHOPTALK m u c h publicised " m e g a g a m e s "

f r o m recently liquidated Imagine
S o f t w a r e Limited
make it available f o r the Sinclair
and plans to

Some of the correspondence and QL c o m p u t e r during the first

quarter of 1 9 8 5 .

rumours from the industry. Sinclair also has o p t i o n s to

purchase later m e g a g a m e s as
they are c o m p l e t e d by a n e w
Liverpool based software
house, f o r m e d by a g r o u p of ex-
Imagine p e r s o n n e l , i n c l u d i n g
Dave L a w s o n and Ian Helher-
Upward and d e f i c i e n c y a n d Sir Clive has
c o m e rushing t o the rescue. A
Research f r o m Pye and is rep-
sonsible f o the c o m p a n y ' s full
ington. The c o m p a n y is w o r k i n g
for Sinclair on a fee basis.
onward n e w c o m p a n y f o r m e d as a joint range of flat-screen T V , c o m - A c c o r d i n g t o A l i s o n Maguire,
v e n t u r e w i t h GBC Italians w i l l puter, peripheral and s o f t w a r e Sinclair's s o f t w a r e manager,
Since the last issue w e have products.
a c t as a subsidiary o f f i c e for SR. ' t h e games have enormous
received a c o n s t a n t s t r e a m of in-
A c t u a l l y my first s t a t e m e n t He also has the strenuous technical and m a r k e t i n g poten-
formation from Sinclair
should be taken w i t h a pinch of task of liaising w i t h Sinclair's tial. They are at once c o m p l e x ,
Research about their ever in-
salt, as GBC have been involved distributors Prism Micro- challenging and very exciting
creasing overseas o u t l e t s .
in d i s t r i b u t i n g Sinclair p r o d u c t s products and T B D (computers) a n d w i l l be ideal for the t y p e of
A l a n Miles w a s appointed as QL user w e envisage.'
in Italy for the last t e n years! Ltd.
their Middle East manager t o
East Europe a c q u i r e d t h e Well t h e y ' v e got t o do s o m - Royalty p a y m e n t s f r o m the
develop the already existing
talents of J a n Tyszka as Sinclair t h i n g w i t h those pre-tax profits m e g a g a m e s will go t o Imagine's
market there, w h i l e a n e w o f f i c e
Research's business develop- of £ 1 4 .28 million. c r e d i t o r s v i a t h e o f f i c i a l li-
w a s o p e n e d in Singapore for the
m e n t manager. Jan has s o m e quidator, Christopher Chambers
South East Asia m a r k e t . J o h n
D u r n f o r d , ex Commodore
experience of this market and
tells us that there is already a
Sinclair to market of A r t h u r Young, McClelland,
Moores & Co. Chamber carried
e m p l o y e e , has been sent t o br-
ing e n l i g h t e n m e n t t o that conti-
considerable a m o u n t of locally imagine Mega- out extensive negotitations
nent.
p r o d u c e d s o f t w a r e for the Z X 8 1 games for the QL before finalising the three part
and S p e c t r u m . agreement and believes it o f f e r s
M e a n w h i l e , nearer h o m e , H
M e a n w h i l e , back at the ran- Sinclair Research l i m i t e d has " v e r y significant potential t o
Christensen & Son have been
ch. . . acquired the rights to recover monies for Imagine's
a p p o i n t e d as a n e x c l u s i v e
Chris Fox has joined Sinclair Bandersnatch the first of the unsecured c r e d i t o r s . "
distributor t o sell Sinclair pro-
d u c t s t o the Danish m a r k e t . In-
terestingly this c o m p a n y are
f o l l o w i n g Sinclair's e x a m p l e and
o f f e r i n g a p r o m o t i o n a l package
of s o f t w a r e , h o w e v e r it consists
of eight programs c o m p a r e d to
SR's six.
Even s u c h far f l u n g o u t p o s t s
as Yugoslavia are receiving t h e
t e n d e r m i n i s t r a t i o n s of t h e
Sinclair machine, tskra, one of
Yugoslavia's largest electronics
f i r m s , are t o a s s e m b l e t h e
Sinclair c o m p u t e r s in Ljubljana.
A massive TV c a m p a i g n has
been launched there and t w o
t h o u s a n d S p e c t r u m s have been
sent t o Yugoslavian schools.

Viva la spectrum
Until recently the French con-
nection has been handled by
Direco but now Sinclair
Research is establishing their
o w n s u b s i d i a r y . T h e y stress
h o w e v e r , that Direco's role w i l l
not change and that SR's area is
t o be o v e r a l l b u s i n e s s a n d
marketing and business
strategy. To ensure there is no
friction or clashes the principle
shareholders of Direco b e c o m e
joint managing directors of the
new subsidiary.
The feasibility of opening a
local assembly plant is also be-
ing considered.

Pasta la Spectrum
Italy has been recognised as a
c o u n t r y s u f f e r i n g f r o m a Sinclair

10
 GENERAL NEWS

NEWS
zx exchange lives More from
on! Melbourne House
ZX Exchange, s o o n t o celebrate The c o m p a n y w h o revolutionis-
it's s e c o n d anniversary, con- ed a d v e n t u r e g a m e s playing on
t i n u e s t o flourish, and t o provide the c o m p u t e r w i t h the Hobbit
w h a t is possibly the only remain w e r e fairly quiet for a w h i l e and
ing international postal f o r u m t h e n in a burst of a c t i v i t y re-
exclusive t o the Z X 8 1 a n d its emerged to make a further
overseas c o u n t e r p a r t s . challenge t o the m a r k e t .
The b i - m o n t h l y n e w s l e t t e r , In fairly quick succession w e
" Z X E X C H A N G E " , in a d d i t i o n w e r e exposed to M u g s y , a
t o s o f t w a r e and p r o g r a m m i n g graphically superb variation on
tips and listings, provides t h e the s t r a t e g y / K i n g d o m s g a m e ,
means t o m a k e c o n t a c t w i t h H a m p s t e a d , an a m u s i n g t e x t
other users at h o m e a n d abroad, a d v e n t u r e g a m e and Sherlock
many useful e x c h a n g e s have w h i c h is their t o p o f f e r i n g .
been m a d e b e t w e e n Z X 8 1 Sherlock is a c o m p l e x and
users of d i f f e r n e t countries and d i f f e r e n t a d v e n t u r e g a m e in
cultures, with mutually w h i c h the player has t o discover
beneficial results. The n e w s l e t - the identity of the criminal and
ter also p r o v i d e s i n f o r m a t i o n prove it t o the inspector, A f e w
about magazines and other strange situations have o c c u r e d
publications of interest t o Z X 8 1 w h i c h are suspiciously like bugs
users, o c c a s i o n a l r e v i e w s of (its hard t o be really sure in an
soft a n d h a r d w a r e , plus n e w s a d v e n t u r e g a m e ) , nevertheless
and gossip. it is destined t o b e c o m e a classic
Details of ZX Exchange a n d a — probably by t h e t i m e this gets
trial issue of the n e w s l e t t e r can i n t o print!
be had by sending £ 1 or (if A r c a d e g a m e p l a y e r s are
writing f r o m outside the UK) five c a t e r e d for in the f o r m of Sports
international reply c o u p o n s , or Hero. This is a variation on the
send a s t a m p e d a d d r e s s e d " T r a c k a n d Field" arcade hit but
envelope (or one international is nicely i m p l e m e n t e d a n d is w e l l
reply c o u p o n ) for further infor- w o r t h t r y i n g o u t at your local
mation, t o : Nick G o d w i n , 4 software emporium.
Hurkur C r e s c e n t , E y e m o u t h , Although most Spectrums
Berwickshire, Scotland, T D 1 4 are n o w 4 8 K , there is still a
5AP. Telephone: Eyemouth
s i g n i f i c a n t n u m b e r of 1 6 K
(0390)50965.
o w n e r s w h o are u n h a p p y a b o u t
the lack of s o f t w a r e being pro-
Call back for AGF duced for them.
Protocol 4 M H ' s Sir L a n c e l o t s h o w s S p e c t r u m S o f t w a r e Projects. a n d lively. Learning t o program
in this w a y is a g o o d m e n t a l
interfaces w h a t is possible in 1 6 K and it is
more impressive t h a n s o m e 4 8 K
This book discusses and sets
tasks on s t r u c t u r e d p r o g r a m m - discipline and is valuable for
games I've seen. A n o t h e r one t o ing t e c h n i q u e s , it takes a prac- w h e n y o u m o v e into the more
AGF are a n x i o u s t h a t s o m e early
try out as s o o n as y o u can. tical approach a n d is interesting complex w o r l d of m a c h i n e code.
customers w h o purchased Pro-
Books are another p r o d u c t of
tocol 4 joystick interfaces m a y
t h i s c o m p a n y a n d t h e y are
have s u b - s p e c i f i c a t i o n p r e -
production units.
usually d i f f e r e n t f r o m the run of In Brief
t h e mill c o m p u t e r t o m e fre-
The problem w i t h these units Eidersoft, Freepost, PO Box 5 4 , llford, Essex IG1 1 BR are
quently found on the
is that they have an erratic or m a r k e t i n g a beautiful w a l l chart type p r o g r a m m e r s ' aid.
bookshelves.
unrelibale K e m p s t o n operation A t t r a c t i v e t o look a t , it contains all the basic i n f o r m a t i o n that
Learning w i t h A d v e n t u r e
mode and the w a y t o check this o f t e n takes so long t o took up a n d check using a manual. A t only
P r o g r a m s is a m u s t f o r all
would be t o t y p e in the f o l l o w ing £ 1 .25 I fully r e c o m m e n d t h e m to a n y o n e w h o uses his/her c o m -
teachers, especially those in-
program w i t h the Protocol 4 at- puter f o r p r o g r a m m i n g .
v o l v e d w i t h the t e a c h i n g of
tached t o the S p e c t r u m , its This c o m p a n y also specialises in f i t t i n g c o m p u t e r keyboards to
English. This book provides
mode s w i t c h in the d o w n posi- y o u r specifications t o the S p e c t r u m . Ring t h e m for details on 0 1
d e t a i l e d o u t l i n e s of p r o j e c t s
tion and w i t h the ' K e m p s t o n ' 4781291.
u n d e r t a k e n w i t h three adven-
card inserted. Print IN 3 1 , press
ture g a m e s , S n o w b a l l , Valhalla
ENTER and if a n y t h i n g other Hello and t h a n k s t o T h e Sensible Shoes, no this is not an advert for
a n d , of course, t h e Hobbit.
than 0 is printed, the unit should Clarks, but the name of a seven piece band based in Blackpool.
be returned to A G F for a free It also gives an evaluation
S h o w i n g a great deal of enterprise they have produces a record
replacement. a n d s u g g e s t i o n s for using the
o n their o w n label and it also c o n t a i n s a graphic display and prints
The address for returns is: Quill in the c l a s s r o o m . Lots of
t h e lyrics o n your S p e c t r u m w h i l e y o u listen to the m u s i c .
ideas and inspiration for the
AGF Hardware, Sorry folks, but I m u s t tel! y o u that I liked it! The problem is that
t e a c h e r , b u t a l s o a l o t of
FREEPOST, n o t h i n g I like in music w o r l d does well. Still there's a l w a y s a first
preparation t i m e required.
Bognor Regis, t i m e and I w i s h y o u all the best.
R e c o m m e n d e d reading for all
West Sussex, Copies may be o b t a i n e d f r o m Nigel Bernstein, 2 3 2 Hornby Rd.
programmers w h o want to
P 0 2 2 9 BY. Blackpool, Lancashire.
d e v e l o p their a b i l i t y a n d d o
A.G. Fosberry, Proprietor t h i n g s the w a y the experts d o , is

11
 attack
SPECTRUM GAME

Mark Jacobs places the country's coastal

defences in your hands while he retires
to Kent.
W a v e a f t e r w a v e of e n e m y c a n e x c h a n g e points for am-
ships pour troops o n t o the m u n i t i o n by pressing " 5 " (your
1 PEN ***********************
beach, Captain Editor is ready, score m u s t be greater t h a n 5 0 0 *Underlined characters*
" W e s u r r e n d e r " he cries. Lucki- for w h i c h y o u get 2 0 units of * a r e e n t e r e d in *
ly Sergeant Reader is at hand a m m u n i t i o n , a n d if y o u r score is
and takes c o m m a n d of defences greater t h a n 1 0 0 0 y o u get 3 0 *GRAPHICS mode. *
(the Captain has degate), and, u n i t s , but in exchange for more ***********************
pausing only t o t y p e in this pro- points).
2.C B O R D E R 3: PAPER 5: INK 7: C
g r a m and cover the Captain's To make the g a m e harder,
y e l l o w streak t o p r e v e n t the w h e n y o u reach w a v e 3 your L
e n e m y f r o m s p o t t i n g our posi- g u n will not fire w h e n " 8 " is 30 GO SUB 7 0 0 0
tion, he orders the first retalia- pressed, and similarly w h e n GO SUB 3 0 0 0
tion. w a v e 5 is reach " 9 " w i l l not fire
Instructions w e r e d i s p a t c h e d the g u n . Hence if y o u miss any 40 CLS
in the p r o g r a m , but here is a ship it w i l l enable t w o more m e n 60 F C K E 2 3 5 6 1 , 2 5 5
terse message c o n t a i n i n g fur- t o climb up the cliff, unless of 6 5 GO S U B P.O00
ther details f r o m HQ. course y o u decide to b l o w up
Good luck Sergeant, a n d w h y is t h e beach or to drop a grenade 70 LET w=l: LET q=75: LET r-RN
that m a n in the Captains u n i f o r m d o w n the c l i f f . T: L E T r- = - 0 : L E T s = 0: L E T L
w a v i n g a w h i t e flag? W h e n e v e r " 3 " is pressed, ET i = 2 0 : LET z=0: LET v=12: L E T
three mines will be laid on the
b e a c h w h i c h can only b l o w up 7 1=0: L E T z2 = 0: L E T z3 = 0: L E T u =
Guidelines m e n as they j u m p out of the boat 2 0 : L E T p =5
o n t o the beach. There is approx- 95 LET <=28
First t y p e in lines 7 0 0 0 t o 7 2 5 0 imately a 4 0 % chance of any
and run it t o ensure the user m a n g e t t i n g b l o w n up as he 1 0 0 P R I N T AT 1?,xi INK 0\ "B§C "
graphics have loaded c o r r e c t l y , crosses a mine. A t any t i m e : LET r = R ND
and t h e n t y p e in t h e rest of t h e there can only be a m a x i m u m of
1 1 0 IP I N K E V S = " 0 " A N D p > = 3 T H E N
p r o g r a m ( w h e n doing the c l i f f s , 3 mines o n t h e beach, and it is a
print a square — " 8 " in graphics w a s t e of a m m u n i t i o n by con- L E T 1 = 1 5 : G O TO 3 0 0
m o d e — and t h e n t h e correspon- tinually pressing " 3 " since this 1 2 0 IP I N K E Y $ = " 9 " A N D p / = 4 T H E N
ding letter). only achieves a change in the
positions of the mines.
L E T 1 = 1 2 : GO T O 3 0 0
W h e n playing the g a m e y o u
1 3 0 IF I N K E Y $ = " S " A N D p > = 5 T H E N
Variables L E T 1 = 1 0 : G O TO ; . 0 0
1 4 0 IHKEV$="3" THEN 50 SUB
r = RNO
500
w - w a v e number
q = ammo 1 5 0 IF I N K E Y * = " 2 " T H E N GO SUE
n = speed (counter) 600
c = d e t e c t s presence of m e n on beach
160 IP INKEY$="1" THEN GO SUB
l = g u n range
f = w a v e (counter) Q00
x = ship (1 9 , x ) position 165 IP I N K E Y $ = " 5 " A N D s>500 THE
Y = shell position
z = mine position
N 50 SUE 930
v = m a n position 1 "70 F O R i =0 TO n : N E X T i
k & m = various loops 1 7 2 IP q< 1 T H E N GO TO 15.00
z$ = b l o w up beach
1 7 9 P R I N T AT 1,15 INK 0\ " S c o r e "
u = position of m e n up cliff
P = n u m b e r of guns available 1 8 0 P R I N T A T 1 , 7 } INK 7; INT s ; "
j = cliff b o m b ' s vertical p o s i t i o n n
133 P R I N T AT i , 1 2 ; INK 0 ; " W a v e "
User Graphics 1 90 P R I N T A T 1 , 1 7 ; INK 7 i w
ABC = ship 1 P R I N T A T 1 , 2 0 ; INK 0 ; " Amrno"
F = man 200 P R I N T AT l, 2 6 ; INK 7 ; q ;" "
G = man explosion
KLM - ship explosion 210 IP c> = 1 T H E N GO SUB 7 0 0
N = cliff b o m b 225 LET x =x - 1
P,Q = sea graphics 230 IF < = 1 THEN G O TO 1 000
T = shell splash
250 G O TO 1 0 0
CLIFF = DEO RS SU HIH ERSJ in that order 300 BEEP . i , - 1 0

12 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5
 SPECTRUM GAME
310 LET y=1*2-INT <RND*7) 6 1 0 P R I N T A T 2 0 , 2 ; INK
3 3 0 IF / = x OR y = x +1 OR y = x + 2 T H 620 BEEP .6,-8
EN F R I N T AT 19, xj INK 2 ; " K L M " : 6 3 0 L E T q = q- 12
B E E P . 1 , 0 : G O TO 3 6 0 6 3 5 IF c > = l T H E N LET s=s+25: L
3 4 0 P R I N T A T 19, y', INK 7 J" I " : B ET z-0
EEP .07,-2: BEEP .13,4 6 4 0 P R I N T AT 2 0 , 2 ; "
34 5 P R I N T A T 1 9 , y ; " " 650 RETURN
350 LET q = q-3: LET n=n-2 7 1 0 P R I N T AT 2 0 , k - 1 ; INK 7; "£
It
351 IF x > 2 0 T H E N L E T x = x-l
355 G O TO 3 9 0 "13 IP 1. :=3 T H E N GO SUB 300
—.API P R I N T AT 19 , v ; " "20 L E T l.-U ~ 1

370 LET s = s + 5 0 + ( R N D * 1 0 ) : LET r» = 745 L E T c — c+ 1

r,-2: L E T 1: L E T q = q - 2 : G O TO 770 RETURN
1063 320 P R I N T A T u , 2 : INK 2 ; " F "
3 ° 0 IF + < 1 0 T H E N BEEP .05,20: 325 L E T <j = u - l
^ET w = w +1: L E T f = 1 2 + I N T <RND*3> 330 P R I N T A T 2 0 , 2 ; INK 2 ; " F
4 0 0 IF w = 2 T H E N LET n=35 335 IP u < 9 T H E N G O TO 1 5 0 0
4 10 IF w = 3 T H E N LET n = 30: LET 34 C L E T 1< = U +9
p=4 345 IP = > = 1 4 T H E N LET c = - o
4 2 0 IF w = 4 T H E N LET n=25 350 RETURN
4 3 0 IP w = 5 T H E N LET n=20: LET 900 BEEP .1,-4
C
p=3 910 0 P j = 1 0 TO 2 0
4 4 0 IF w > 5 T H E N LET n=1 920 P R I N T AT j - 1 , 2 ! INK > rr
4 5 0 IF r > = . 5 A N D r< = .6 T H E N LE <?30 NEXT j
r
q = c + 2 0 : P E E P .2 ,0: B E E P . 1 , 5 " 3 5 L E T q = q- 25: L E T u = 2 0
4 5 5 IF AT TR ( 1 9 , x ) = 1 4 T H E N FRI = 3 " F R I N T AT j - 1 , 2 ; " "
N T AT 1 9 , x i " G O TO 9 5 940 RETURN
4 6 0 GO TO 1 0 0 93C EEEP .25,5
5 1 0 L E T z1 = I N T ( 3 + ( 5 * r ) ) 9 3 2 IF S ' 5 0 0 A N D E < 1 0 0 0 T H E N L
5 2 0 L E T z 2=I N T ( 6 + ( 7 * r ) ) ET s = * - 3 O 0 : L E T q - q + 2 0
530 LET z3=I NT ( 3 + ( 1 0 * r ) ) <?35 IF S > 1 O 0 O T H E N LET s=s-500
540 LET q=q-4: B E E P . 0 1 , 1 0 : LET q = q + 30
550 RETURN 990 RETURN
600 LET z<£= " Q G G G G G G G G G G " 1PO0 LET c = 1

13 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5
 SPECTRUM GAME
i-JMP F O R k = 1 1 TO S S T E P -1 4 0 2 0 P R I N T A T 1 5 , 0 ; I N K 0 ; " T h e M

1 0 2 0 P R I N T AT 2 0 , k; INK 0 ; " F « : B en then start to ascend the c

EEP .01,0 LI-ff-their AIM i S. TO reach THE g
103.0 IP k = zl A N D r > . 5 T H E N GO 3 un.Bombs can be dropped onto
UB 1070: LET z l = 0 t He M e r> B Y pressing 1 "
1 0 4 0 IP k = z2 A N D r < . 6 T H E N GO S 4 O 3 0 P R I N T A T 2 0 , 5 ; I N K 2 ; " P R E S S

UE 1070: LET z 2 = 0 ' / ' T O C O N T I N U E "

1 0 5 0 IF k = z 3 A N D r < . 3 A N D r > . 3 T 4 0 4 0 I F I N K E Y $ = " Y " T H E N C L S : G

HEN GO S U B 1 0 7 0 : L E T z 3 = 0 0 T O 4 0 5 . 0

1 0 6 0 N E X T U 4 0 4 5 G OT O 4 0 4 . 0
W
1 0 6 3 P R I N T A T 1 9 , X ; 4 0 5 0 P R I N T A T 2 , 1 ; I N K fli'YEUR a

1065 GO TO 95 rnrno r e m a i n i n g is shown at the to

1070 PRINT AT 2 0 , k ; INK 0 J " G " p of the scf eer. , You lose arnrnc a

1080 BEEP .05,-5: LET 5=5+20 t the rate given below:' 1

1090 PRINT AT 20,k;" " 4 06 0 PRINT AT 6,3; INK 0 | " F i r e (

: I 0 0 P E T U R N h :t 1 . . . . . . . . . . 2 "
1500 FOR rt = ~ TO 0 STEP -1: BORDE 106? PRINT A T
3,3; INK 0| "Firefm
R r: EEEP . 1 5 , n: NEXT r . : BORDER 1 s s I F I F I T T I T T T J *
A
3 ,064 PRINT AT 10,3; INK 0|"Lay M
1 5 1 0 P R I N T A t
1 , 2 6 5 I N K 7 ; " 0 i R,ES 4 "

1512 EEEP .4,0: BEEP .8,5: EEEP 4 0 6 6 P R I N T A T 1 2 , 3 J I N K 0 } "Blow

.4.0: BEEP .°,5: BEEP .3,7: BEEP up b e a c 12"
1,10 4 0 6 3 P R I N T A T 1 4 , 3 ; I N K 0 ; " D r o p
1 5 2 0 P R I N T AT 1 0 , 1 0 ; I N V E R S E lj bomb down C 1 L F F . . . . 2 5 "
P L A S H I', INK 0J " G A M E O V E R " 4 0 7 0 P R I N T A T 1 7 , 1 ; I N K 0 J " A b o u t
1 5 3 0 P R I N T A T 1 5 , 1 6 ! INK 2 5 " A n o t 10% of the ships are supply
her qo?Cy/n>" ships!identical t o the rest),
1 5 4 0 IF I N K E Y £ = " y " T H E N R U N 31 and when these are h i t theammo g
154 5 IF INKEY$="r, " T H E N STOP oes up . "
1 5 5 0 IF IWKEVS'I >" y" T H E N G O TO 4 0 8 0 P R I N T A T 2 1 , 1 5 ; I N K 2 ; " P R E S
1540 5 ' y * "

3 0 0 0 F O R i = 0 TO 5 S T E P .1 4 0 9 1 I F I N K E Y $ = " Y " T H E N C L S : G

3.005 P R I N T A T 7.9: INK INT l J " EE 0 T O 5 0 0 0

4CW ATTACK" 4 . 0 8 5 G OT O 4 0 8 1

3 0 1 0 P R I N T AT 1 0 , 6 ! INK 1 J "By HA 5 0 0 . 0 P R I N T A T 4 , 3 ; I N K 0 ; " T h e 3 A

RK J A C O B 19 S 3" me ends when either' the men

3 0 2 0 P R I N T AT 1 7 , 1 ; INK 2 ; " D o yo > each t h e gun or ycu r u n ou

u w a n t I n s t r u c t iotis ( y / n) 7 " * r f .-t rnriT . "

3 0 3 0 IF I N K E V $ = " y " T H E N GO TO 4 5 C 1 0 P R I N T A T 1 3 , 1 1 ; I N K 1 J " G O O D

000 L MC K 1 "
IF I N K E V $ = " r'i " THEN RETURN 5 0 7 0 P R I N T A T 1 7 , 2 ; I N K 2 ; " P R E S S

3035 NEXT i y * T OS T A R T
T H E A T T A C K "
V
3 0 4 1 T P I N K E Y $ - " " T H E N G OT O 3 0 5 0 3 0 I P IN K E ® = " Y " T H E N G OT O -1
0
00
-5000 P R I N T A T 2 , 1 ; INK 0i " T h e ob 5 0 4 0 I F I N K E V * < ? " Y " T H E N G O T O

jec'. or B e a c h A t t a c k is to d e f e 5 0 3 0

r-d t h e b e a c h u s i n g y o u r g u n on ^ 0 0 0 F O R I = 6 5 T O 3 5

t h e c 1 i f f . Y o u c a n -fire at t h e ""'005 P R I N T A T 9 , 5 ; I N K 0 ; " P L E A S E

s h i p s at d i f f e r e n t r a n g e s u s i n g t W A I T A M O M E N T "

he - , 9, a n d 0 k e y s , w h i c h f i r e th 7 0 1 0 F O R RI=0 T O7
e s h e l l s w i t h i n c rea s l n g s t r e n t h " " 0 2 0 R E A D >. : P O K E U S R C H R S < i ) +R.
M
» •*•
4 0 1 0 P R I N T A T P , 0 ; INK 0 ; " l f a n / 7 0 3 0 N E X T N
ship c o m e s a s h o r e then a numb 7 0 4 O N E X T 1
er of m e n w i l l commence their ^ 0 5 0 D A T A 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 2 5 5 , 1 2 7 , 6 3 , 3 1
A 1 t AC k . R a n d o m mi t i e s c a n b e lai 7 0 6 0 D A T A 4 , 1 4 2 , 1 2 7 , 2 1 3 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 ,
d on t h e b e a c h by pr e s s i n g s , or t 2 5 5 , 2 5 5

he w h a l e beach o b 1 i t e r a t e d b y pre 7 0 7 0 D A T A 0 , 0 , 1 9 2 , 2 4 0 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 2 5

s s i ^ g 2. " 5 , 2 5 5

14 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5
 SPECTRUM GAME
^080 DATA 255,254,25 2,252,252,24 7230 DATA 240,240,240,243,243,24
3,712,252 3,248,243
7 0 9 0 DATA 2 5 2 , 2 5 4 , 2 5 4 , 2 5 4 , 2 5 4 , 2 5 7240 DATA 0,170,0,170,123,34,0,2
2,252,243 4
~~130 D A T A 0 , 0 , 2 4 , 2 4 , 3 , 2 4 , 3 , 2 0 7250 DATA 252,254,254,254,252,25
""110 DATA 136,34,0,89,24,130,40, 2,243,243
130 7260 CL3
1 20 DATA 24 3 , 2 4 3 , 2 4 0 , 2 4 0 , 2 4 0 , 2 4 ~ > 270 R E T U R N
0.243,25 2 9 0 0 0 P R I N T A T 7,0! INK 4 } " H P "
-J30 DATA 254,254,254,252,252,25 9010 PRINT INK 4 I E "
2 . -"52, 2 4 3 9020 PRINT INK 4 " H 2 "
"" J 4 0 D A T A 2 4 3 , 2 4 8 , 2 5 2 , 2 5 2 , 2 5 2 , 2 5 9030 PRINT INK 4 " H E "
4,254,254 9040 PRINT INK 4 " H § "
^ 1 5 0 D A T A 14 5 , 3 7 , 1 4 3 , 4 3 , 7 6 , 3 7 , 1 3 904 2 PRINT INK 4 " H § "
, 3 7 9044 PRINT INK 4 " H y "
"I60 DATA 145,36,14 9,58,204,131, 9046 PRINT INK 4 .. g t j "
32,101 9043 PRINT INK 4 " H I "
7170 DATA 1 4 5 , 3 6 , 1 4 9 , 9 3 , 2 1 6 , 3 6 , 8 9050 PRINT INK 4 " H H "
2 , 2O0 9052 PRINT INK 4 " H ^ "
"•ISO D A T A 16,3,16,8,16,8,16,0 9054 PRINT INK 4 " H B "
7190 DATA 24 8 , 2 4 1 , 2 4 3 , 2 3 0 , 2 3 6 , 2 4 9056 PRINT INK 4 " H § "
3,240,243 9058 PRINT INK 4 " H - J "
^2 0 0 D A T A 0,0,192,227,255,255,25 9 0 6 0 P R I N T A T 2 0 , 1 4 ; INK 1 \ " E 5 E ®
5, 255 EQE2E5E2EQEQEQ"
^210 DATA 24,62,255,255,255,255, 9065 PRINT AT 21,0; INK 6J"|
255,255
7220 DATA 24 8 , 2 5 2 , 2 5 2 , 2 5 2 , 2 5 2 , 2 4 9 0 7 0 RETURN
3,243,240

C O M E S IIS)
5 OPERB
PACKAGING
Snltw.*^1 iM
UrOphM .••» Jl'ofri UK SP£Cmi//1
HIRE SPECTRUM
THE PA»CE
RtVOULfTlON
is w e f t e !
AT LAST
ftN fsoveNTVftc |
H^T'J FUU
SOFTWARE
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15 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5
 IPROGRAMMING FEATUREI

Light Screen
m e m o r y as s o o n as y o u have
finished using it.
CLS (key " 9 " ) w i l l clear the
screen in the current colours.

Designer
You can change t h e s e current
colours at w i l l (see b e l o w ) and
hence y o u can clear the screen
in any colours.
The f u n c t i o n USR is more or
less self explanatory. Its pur-

Part 5
pose is t o call a machine code
subroutine at any address. You
m u s t type " U S R " f o l l o w e d by
f o u r hex d i g i t s ( f o r m i n g a
machine code address),

Toni Baker continues our machine code

f o l l o w e d by enter. A subroutine
at that address w i l l then be call-

mega-program ed. If y o u type in an address

w r o n g l y y o u c a n of course press

Before I start Part Five, I'd like to s p o s e d , o n t h e s a m e lines

give a brief s u m m a r y of all the " C A L L U P _ P I X " and " C A L L
errors w h i c h have c r o p p e d up in D O W N P I X " should also be
the listing so far. In Part One, the transposed, and also the a c c o m -
d r a w i n g labelled Figure One w a s panying notes.
incorrect, h o w e v e r this w a s
c o r r e c t e d in Part T w o . The other
errors are all either errors in the
Yet More. . .
hex listing in the first c o l o u m , or N o w o n t o Part Four, w h e r e w e I
errors in t h e assembler f i n d an error in the a m m e n d -
m n e m o n i c s in the remaining col- m e n t s t o Part Three. In the sec-
ums. tion Ml TEST there is a miss-
All errors in Part One w e r e ing line, w h i c h should be posi-
c o r r e c t e d in Part T w o , e x c e p t t i o n e d directly above the label
that in the section Ml A C T I O N . T h e missing line
GET CHR 2 , the i n s t r u c t i o n s h o u l d read " C B A E - RES
INC A should be in the third col- 5 , ( H U " . Also in Part Four; at
u m n , not the s e c o n d . Part T w o address DEC2 t h e w o r d " U N -
h o w e v e r c o n t a i n e d errors w h i c h D O " appears in the first c o l u m n
w e r e not correct in Part Three. a m o n g s t the hex code — this is
The hex i n s t r u c t i o n at D D 3 8 in f a c t a label, and hence should
should be FEBO, not FECO. The appear in the s e c o n d c o l u m n . A t
hex i n s t r u c t i o n at D D 8 9 should address DED8: "2106DB"
be 1 E 3 6 , not 1 E 2 6 . In the sec- s h o u l d read " 2 1 O C D B " , and at
tion DR CURSOR, "LD a d d r e s s DEFE: " C R E A D E "
E,DOWN PIX l o w " s h o u l d should read " C D E A D E " . In the Each m e m o r y can store the posi-
read " L D E , U P _ P I X l o w " , a n d section MOVE, "LD t i o n of the cursor. In other
" L D E,UP PIX l o w " s h o u l d ( O R I G I N + 2 ) , B C " should be in w o r d s , if y o u type STORE 5 ,
read " L D E , D O W N _ P I X l o w " . the third c o l u m n , not the t h e n the cursor position will be
In Part Three the c h u n k of code s e c o n d , a n d the notes " C h a n g e s t o r e d in m e m o r y 5 . If y o u , at
b e t w e e n D E 3 D and DE56 is all origin. . . " etc o n the same line s o m e later stage t y p e RECALL
obsolete, a n d is replaced by a should be in the f o u r t h c o l u m n , 5 , the cursor will m o v e t o the
n e w block of code g i v e n in Part not the third. " r e m e m b e r e d " p o s i t i o n . In
Four — w h i c h contains an error Phew. . . addition to merely storing cursor
( w h i c h I'll deal w i t h in a m i n u t e ) . A n y w a y , this issue's article positions, y o u can STORE and
Also the hex c o d e at DE67 covers thirteen more keys, and RECALL the w h o l e screen. Typ-
should be 3 8 0 7 , not 3 8 0 5 , a n d thus enables y o u t o do a w h o l e ing STORE ' e n t e r ' will store the
the hex code at DE94 should be lot more. From t h e t o p r o w of entire screen picture (and the
C D B 6 D D , not C B D 6 D D . In the t h e k e y b o a r d w e have the f u n c - positions of all three cursors). the ESCAPE b u t t o n (SPACE) in
section D R _ C U R S O R S the tions STORE and RECALL, and Typing RECALL 'enter' will order t o c a n c e l your decision. As
label DSC C O N T s h o u l d be also CLS. (Note that CLS is o n restore the screen t o the stored e x a m p l e s , USR 0 D6 B w i l l clear
one line d o w n , a n d f u r t h e r on, key " 9 " , not o n key " V " as in picture, and restore the cursors the screen, a n d USR 1 CEE w i l l
" R E T " should be in the third col- BASIC). From the second r o w too. All of the memories are generate a STOP s t a t e m e n t
u m n , not the s e c o n d . In the sec- the f u n c t i o n CLEAR — this is not initially designated " u n u s e d " . report, the purpose of the f u n c -
tion, START, the label the same as t h e BASIC CLEAR, A t t e m p t i n g t o RECALL an unus- tion is of course t o m a k e Light
but I'll explain w h a t it does in ed m e m o r y produces no e f f e c t . Screen Designer infinitely flexi-
"LSD L O O P " is in t h e w r o n g
this p r o g r a m in a m o m e n t . From Once a m e m o r y has been used, ble. Y o u can w r i t e your o w n
place. It is currently in the third
t h e third r o w w e have the f u n c - h o w e v e r , it is not possible t o m a c h i n e code programs t o per-
c o l u m n — it should in f a c t be in
t i o n USR, a n d on the f o u r t h r o w declare it " u n u s e d " any more. f o r m various graphic f u n c t i o n s ,
t h e second c o l u m n , a n d one line
T h e SCREEN m e m o r y , h o w - a n d call t h e m f r o m w i t h i n LSD.
up. The i n s t r u c t i o n LD E,(HL) every single key will n o w be
ever, C A N at any stage be (Note that in keeping w i t h con-
should be in the third c o l u m n operative.
d e c l a r e d u n u s e d , s i m p l y by v e n t i o n , s u c h a p r o g r a m should
(where " L S D _ L O O P " is n o w )
pressing the b u t t o n " C L E A R "
and not in the f o u r t h c o l u m n . In
the s e c t i o n M A I N _ L O O P , " L D
Store And Recall (key " I " ) . Note that all the time
a l w a y s use the SPACE key as an
ESCAPE f u n c t i o n — that is, it
there is an image stored in the m u s t cancel the current opera-
DE,(CURSOR + 2 ) " should read STORE is a c t i v a t e d by key " 3 " ,
screen m e m o r y t h e f u n c t i o n tion and return t o Light Screen
" L D BC,(CURSOR + 2 ) " ; The and RECALL by key " 4 " . The
UNDO w i l l not w o r k , so it is D e s i g n e r ) . It is o f c o u r s e
tables " C S R D O W N " and p r o g r a m uses ten " m e m o r i e s "
advisable t o CLEAR the screen possible t o use y o u r o w n BASIC
"CSR U P " s h o u l d be t r a n - n u m b e r e d f r o m zero t o nine.

16 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5
 IPROGRAMMING FEATUREI
as w e l l - s i m p l y press ESCAPE colour, a machine code address,
to r e t u r n t o B A S I C , c a r r y o u t or j u s t t o say " Y " o r " N " (yes or D87A 52 99 DEFY 0352, FILL ( n o t y e t d e f i n e d ) .
w h a t e v e r t a s k s y o u require, a n d n o ) . All of this is m a d e p o s s i b l e
then use USR 5 6 7 8 9 t o re- by the M E S S A G E s u b r o u t i n e DB7C 04 DF DEFY im. DRAW '.DIE,
instate Light S c r e e n D e s i g n e r . g i v e n in Part O n e . Go back t o it if DB7E V DF DEFY DF50, tURK
COPY m a k e s a c o p y of t h e y o u like, t o see h o w it w o r k s .
A n o t h e r p o i n t of interest a b o u t
DB80 9r H0 D£iY HWF, o o n
screen image o n t o the ZX
printer. It is t h e s a m e as t h e t h i s Part is t h a t all of t h e colour D682 A4 0E DEFY DLA4, ESCAPE
COPY c o m m a n d in B A S I C . f u n c t i o n s ( e x c e p t BORDER) are 28 DK DEFV DFE8, HIDE
DB84
PAPER a n d INK c h a n g e t h e all h a n d l e d by the s a m e r o u t i n e
current paper a n d ink c o l o u r s as ie there is but one s u b r o u t i n e rmt 52 99 DEFY 0052, "EXT (not yot d e f i n e d ) .

you w o u l d e x p e c t . N o t e t h a t w h i c h c o p e s w i t h PAPER, INK, DB88 BE DE DEFW DEBS, •JNDO

PAPER 8 ( t r a n s p a r e n t ) a n d F L A S H , BRIGHT, O V E R a n d IN-
DB8A 52 00 DEFY 0052, PAWT (not y e t d e f i n e d )
PAPER 9 ( c o n t r a s t ) are b o t h V E R S E . T h i s lies at a d d r e s s
a l l o w e d . F L A S H a n d BRIGHT DF5D. ceec FB DE DEFY DEFB, PLOT
may be s w i t c h e d o n ( 1 ) a n d o f f In o r d e r t o a s s o c i a t e t h e DEFY DEFJ, MOVE
DB8E FJ DE
(0) at w i l l . N o t e t h a t F L A S H 8 various subroutines to the
(transparent) is also a l l o w e d . v a r i o u s k e y s , it is n e c e s s a r y ,
BORDER c h a n g e s t h e c o l o u r of o n c e a g a i n , t o u p d a t e t h e ad-
(a) the b o r d e r , a n d (b) t h e l o w e r dress table. T h e a d d r e s s table ORG DF5E

t w o lines of the s c r e e n . O V E R u p d a t e r o u t i n e is g i v e n as f i g u r e 010400 LOCATE LD BC,0SW4 BC:= number o f bytes per Mrrory.
and INVERSE m a y be s w i t c h e d 1.
1114DB LD UE,CURSOR DE: p o i n t s t o cursor a d d r e s s .
on and o f f a t w i l l eg to " u n T h e n e w bits of p r o g r a m
P L O T " a p o i n t j u s t t y p e IN- c o v e r a d d r e s s e s D F 3 E t o E01 B 87 ADD A,A
VERSE 1 , PLOT a n d I N V E R S E O . (see f i g u r e 2). W e s t a r t o f f w i t h ADD A,A
67
All of t h e s e c o l o u r c o n t r o l l i n g a s u b r o u t i n e called L O C A T E ,
f u n c t i o n s are o n t h e s a m e k e y s w h i c h is u s e d in STORE a n d C658 ADO A,56
as in B A S I C , e x c e p t f o r BRIGHT, RECALL, and then m o v e onto a 6F LD L,A
w h i c h is o n t h e " C A P S S H I F T " table, called COI TABLE,
62 LD H,D HL: p o i n t s t o r e q u i r e d memory.
key. w h i c h is u s e d by t h e c o l o u r f u n c -
A n d t h e r e w e h a v e it. W i t h t i o n s . In Part Six of t h i s series I'll C9 RET
the e x c e p t i o n of C L E A R , all of get d o w n t o s o m e g e o m e t r y —
this issue's f u n c t i o n s require t h e all this d r a w i n g r e c t a n g l e s a n d
user t o I N P U T s o m e t h i n g a f t e r stuff.
selecting t h e f u n c t i o n either See y o u t h e n — b y e b y e .
to select a m e m o r y n u m b e r , a
ORB DF4B

500012 00L_TABLK DEFB 50, 0D, Yi I n f o r m a t i o n concerning FLASH.

DB42 M a? DEFY mi, BORDER 520F15 BEFB 52, 0F, 15 Information concerning CVIH.

DB44 52 n DEFY 005?, CIRCLE CBfTRE (not yet defined). 600C11 DEFB 60, 0C, IT I n f o r a a t i o n concerning PAPER.

UB46 <& 99 DEFY 0052, QUARTER ELI IPSE (not y e t d e f i n e d ) . 621014 DEFB 62, 10, 14 I n f o m a t i o n concerning BIVTBSE.

DB46 n 99 DLFV 9999, n o t u s e d . 100310 DEFB 70, 0B, 10 Information concerning IRK.

D&4A n 119 DEFY 0000, n o t used 72111J DEFB 72, 11, U I n f o n u t i o n concerning BRIGHT.

DB4C 52 99 DEFY 0052, DRAW_ANR (not y e t d e f i n e d ) . ORG 0F5D

D84E 5? (W DEFY 0052, CIRCLE THRU (not yet d e f i n e d ) . 214BDF COLOURS LD HL,COL_TABLE HL: p o i n t s to colour i n f o r m a t i o n t a b l e .

1850 5D DF DEFY DF5D, FLASH 45 LD B,L BC:» l a r g e number.

5D OF DEFY DF5D, OVffl EE81 CPIR Locate r e q u i r e d e n t r y in t a b l e (note t h a t

DB54 52 99 DEFY' 0052, RECTASOUJ (not y e t d e f i n e d ) . A c o n t a i n s low p s r t of p o i n t e r i n t o

DB56 5? 00 DEFY 0052, PARALIXIOjRAH (no*, y e t d e f i n e d ) . address table).

DB58 99 99 DEFY n o t used 116FDF LD DE,00L_NES

DB5A 9B DF DEFY DFVB, RECALL EDA0 LDI A l t e r proenan t o p r i n t required message.

DB5C 52 99 DEFY 9952, DRAY A'J (not y e t d e f i n e d ) . 1E77 LD E,00L_CTK low

DB5E 52 99 DEFY 0052, ELLIPSE (not y e t d e f i n e d ) . EQA0 LDI A l t e r program t o select

DB60 5D DF DEFY DF5D, PAPER appropriate function.

DB62 5D DF DEFY DF5D, IMVERSE CDCCDC CALL DCCC, MESSAGE

DB64 99 52 DEFY 0052, TRIANGLE (not y e t d e f i n e d ) . 99 COLJtES DEFS 01 P r i n t required nessege.

DB66 80 DF DEFY DF80, CLEAR F5 PUSH AF Stack u s e r ' s r e s p o n s e .

DBte 00 99 DEFY MW, not u s e d . JE0& LD A ,92

DB6A 85 OF DEFY DF85, STORE CD0116 CALL 1601,CHANJJPfffl S e l e c t stream two ( t h e s c r e e n ) .

Db6c 52 99 DEFY 0052, DRAW AT (not y e t d e f i n e d ) . JE00 LD A,77 A]• r e q u i r e d c o n t r o l c h a r a c t e r .

DB6E je df DEFY DF58, CANCEL KAKJt COL_CTR S-T

DB70 5D DF DEFY DF5D, INK aj RST 10 P r i n t c o n t r o l code.

DB72 50 DF DEFY DF5D, BRIGHT F1 POP AF At' u s e r ' s response.

DB74 <2 DF DBfY DFC2, USR D iyt SUB )0 A:» r e q u i r e d c o l o u r .

LBfb 24 DF DEFY DF24, CURSOR TIFE D7 RST 10 Select required colour.

DB76 B8 DF DEFY DFB8, CLE CJAD1C JP 1CAD,FE!01S_SET Hake c o l o u r s permanent.

17 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5
 IPROGRAMMING FEATUREI

50F0 JR NC.USRJCEV Ju*p u n l e s s l e t t e r o r d i g i t p r e s s e d .

ORG DF80 FE47 CF "G"
CDCW1A6 CLEAR HES 4,(J_FLA3S)high Free memory f o r use by VMDO. }0EC JR NC,USR_KKy Jump i f *G" to "2" p r e s s e d .
C9 RET F5 PUSH AF
CDCCDC STORE CALL DCCC.W&.'AOE or PST 10 r r i n t hex d i g i t .
to D£FB 04 P r i n t message ' S t o r e r w » r y " . F1 POP AF
TOD CP " e n t e r " C6J0 SUB 19 Codes "0" to "9" now c o r r e c t .
2B07 JR Z,ST_SCR Jiwp I f " e n t e r " p r e s s e d . FE0A CP 0A
CDJEDF CALL DFJE.UJCATE Locate r e q u i r e d menory. 56*2 JR C.USRC Jump i f d i g i t "0" to " 9 " .
£B EX jt.HL D607 SUB 07 Codes "A* to " f " now c o r r e c t .
LLb? LDDt S t o r e cursor p o s i t i o n .

C9 RET

LLC?*?' it, ST_SCR SET 4,(J_FUGS)hlgh S i g n a l "memory Is being u s e d " .

CJC9DE S/R_SCR JP DEC9,OOnr_SCREO( Store screen (note Z f l a g I s s e t ) .

CDCCDC RECALL CALL DCCC.HKSSAOE El USR C POP HL HLj« "address so f a r " .

05 UIFE 05 P r i n t message "Recall nemory". 29 ADD HL.HL

FEUD CP " e n t e r " 29 ADD HL.HI.
2B0E JR Z,REC_SCR Jump If " S n t e r * pressed. 29 ADD HL.HL
&
CD>6Dr CALL DF)E, LOCATE l o c a t e r e q u i r e s memory. ADD HL,HL S h i f t HL one d i g i t l e ' t .

E5 PUSH HL s t a c k memory a d d r e s s . F5 PUSH AF St*ck the carry f l a g .

99 ADD HL.BC ft>lnt t o n e x t menory. B5 OR t

SB DEC HL ft>int to Last b y t e of c u r r e n t memory. 6F LB L,A Incorporate new digit.

7E LD A,(HL) A:• l a s t b y t e of nenoj-y. F1 POP AF Kestore carry flag.
11 POP HL HL: p o i n t s to r e q u i r e d Tieiwry. 5055 JH KC.USRJXttP Loop back u n t i l d i g i t s collected.

FEW CP B0 E5 PUSH HL Stack m/code s u b r t a d d r e s s .

D0 RET NC Return If memory r o t In u s e . CDDK15 USR_QiTER CCU l5DE,MAIT_KElf1 Malt f o r key to be p r e s s e d .

tow LDIB Recall nemory. FE?0 CP 2 0

09 RET ZB05 JR Z,USR_ESC Jvn»p i f ESCAPE p r e s s e d .

DDCB0I66 RiC^SCR BIT 4, (J_FLAG£Jhlgh FE0D CP " e n t e r "

20E1 JR NZ,S/R_5CR Recall s e m e n If nemory in u s e . 20T5 JR X 2, USR_EXTEa Jump bftck u n l e s s " e n t e r " p r e s s e d .

(note Z flag is r e s e t ) . E5 TOSH HL Place dueeiy e n t r y on s t a c k .

C9 . RET
El t)SR_ESC POP HL Delete i t e n from stack ( e i t h e r dumny

e n t r y or wiehine code a d d r e s s ) .

1615 JR UBC_L0WiS Jump t o e r a s e l e s s a g e from l o v e r

p a r t of s c r e e n .

ORG DF38 ft
CDCCDC Clear_scri:bi CALL KE££AQE

06 DLFE 06 P r i n t message "Clear s c r e e n ? " .

ny) CP "T"

CA6WD JP Z,«6B,CLS Clear screen If r e q u i r e d . ORG E»Z4

C9 RET CDCCDC BORDER_COL CALL MESSAGE

0E DEFB 0E P r i n t messrge "Border c o l o u r ? " .

ORG DFC2 D650 SUB 50 A:- required b o r d e r c o l o u r .

CDCCDC USft_CALL CALL MESSAGE CD9722 CALL 2?97,BORCt»_A Change border c o l o u r .

09 DEFB 99 -
P r i n t message "Machine code a d d r e s s ' * . 1S0A JR UBCJMHt Junp t o change colour of bottom

210100 IB HL.0001 two I t n e a of s c r e e n .

£5 usr_loof PUSH HL CDCCDC COPT_SCREEX CALL MESSAGE

FDCBMHA USRJCE1. SET },(FLAQS2> Engage CAFS LOCK. 0A DEFB 0A P r i n t nessar* "Copy?".

CDDE15 CALL 15DE, HAlT_KL"Y1 '•'alt f o r key to be p r e s s e d . FE59 CP T

Fl29 CP 29 C9 RET HZ Return If r e p l y was " * " .

ieic JR Z,USR_ESC Junp I f ESCAPE p r e s s e d . CDAC0E CALL 0EAC.COPY Copy screen onto p r i n t e r .

coee?c CALL 2C88,ALPHANWf CJ6D0D OBCjuwa JP 0E6E,CIS_LOWER Reset lower p e r t of s c r e e n .

18 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985

 LOOK!
NOW THERE ARE
HI-RES PROGRAMS FOR
THE 16KZX-81

FORTY NINER
In 1849 the Great American Gold Rush started. Almost everyone who could sold
up everything and dashed to lhe west coast to look for this precious metal
including you!
You must excavate this precious metal but can you survive the giant rats and
that vicious Gremlin which will come to infest your mine? Can you trick the
8 snakes into leaving their comfortable nests and destroy the rats for you? Can you
keep the Gremlin at bay?
Riches await you - but so do the hazards!

ROCKET MAN
Get rich quick by collecting Diamonds that are simply lying there waiting for you!
Oh... I forgot to mention that there are one or two problems!
There is an expanse of shark infested water between you and the Diamonds and
a strange breed of Bubble that seems hell bent on getting you in it! Somehow
you must cross it
You have a Rocket Pack to help you (a Vulture on higher levels) but you must
rush around the platforms and ladders collecting cans of fuel (legs of lamb with *Xocket
the Vulture) and cursing that weird Bubble. Once you have enough fuel then it's
5 rdd<>rs
Chocks Away!
Oh... but don't run out of fuel on the way - otherwise it's... SPLASH!

U1
Z-XTRICATOR
A long time ago. in a galaxy far, far, away a terrible war took place between two
hostile races. Any prisoners taken could not expect to live very long in the hands
of their captors. Their only hope lay with a group of valiant warriors - the
XTRICATORS whose task it was to rescue fellow beings from the alien planet's
surface. You are about to take on the role of such a warrior —

Please s e n d m e :
Available from all good computer shops or send
QTY TOTAL AMOUNT
cheque/P.O. for £5.95 (inc. P&P) to:
FORTY N I N E R £5.95 Software Farm,
KOCKLT MAN £5.95 FREEPOST (No stamp required) (BS3658),
BS8 2YY.
Z-XTRICATOR £5.95

TOTAL S o f t w a r e Farm. 155 W h i t e l a d i e s Koad. C l i f t o n . B r i s t o l BS8 2RF.

T e l e p h o n e (0272) 731411. T t l e x 4 4 4 7 4 2 A F M A D V G
IX
 SOFTWARE REVIEW
Since t h e S p e c t r u m first c a m e c h e s s p r o g r a m are C y r u s IS Cyrus IS Chess f o r the 4 8 K S p e c t r u m . Both
Cyrus programs have the
o u t there have been m a n y chess
programs w r i t t e n for it. A s t h e
Chess and Superchess 3 . 0 by
CP S o f t w a r e . Cyrus IS Chess is
versus Superchess f o l l o w i n g features:
S p e c t r u m has b e c o m e m o r e based o n a p r o g r a m w h i c h w o n 3.0
t h e 1 9 8 1 European M i c r o c o m - 1 Eight playing levels.
popular there has been a greater
incentive t o w r i t e the best Spec- puter Chess Championship. B o t h chess programs c o m e in a 2 Cursor key m o v e m e n t of
t r u m chess p r o g r a m . W h i l e Superchess 3 . 0 c o m e s well presented package w h i c h pieces.
w i t h a guarantee f r o m CP Soft- c o n t a i n s a cassette and an in- 3 Auto-demonstration
T h e t w o m o s t o b v i o u s con-
w a r e , that it will beat any other s t r u c t i o n booklet. mode.
tenders for title best S p e c t r u m
S p e c t r u m chess program. C y r u s c o n t a i n s t w o pro- 4 It can be used as a
g r a m s : one for the 1 6 K and one chessboard by t w o h u m a n s .
5 Take-back f a c i l i t y .
6 Replay a game.

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5
20
 iSOFTWARE REVIEWS!
7 Set up a position. 7 Library of opening m o v e s . to its superior opening s t a n d a r d o p e n i n g play and w e a k
8 It solves chess problems 8 Change colour s c h e m e . k n o w l e d g e d a n d t h e g a m e soon ( c o m p a r e d t o Cyrus) opening
(up to m a t e in three). 9 Solve chess p r o b l e m s (up reached a m i d d l e g a m e w i t h a library c o n v e y a dubious impres-
9 Turn round board. t o m a t e in four). positional a d v a n t a g e t o C y r u s . sion. Its m i d d l e g a m e is sound
1 0 Change sides during a 1 0 List M o v e s . Cyrus e x p l o i t e d this a d v a n t a g e w i t h o u t being spectacular but
game. w i t h s o m e fine, logical play and its e n d g a m e is excellent and this
Cyrus definitely has more w o n a p a w n . H o w e v e r this led is w h e r e it w o n or d r e w g a m e s in
The additional f e a t u r e s for the features t h a n Superchess 3 . 0 . t o a m u l t i t u d e of e x c h a n g e s and w h i c h it had a materia! or posi-
4 8 K S p e c t r u m are: For e x a m p l e C y r u s ' s take-back an e n d g a m e w a s reached w i t h tional d i s a d v a n t a g e . For exam-
facility is a very useful feature Cyrus having some winning ple in t h e final g a m e C y r u s
1 Full library of chess w h i c h Superchess lacks. There chances and almost certain reached the endgame three
openings. is also a replay f e a t u r e w h i c h d r a w i n g chances. p a w n s up and w i t h a better posi-
2 Change colour of board enables the beginner and expert H o w e v e r in t h e e n d g a m e t i o n after a brilliant c o m b i n a t i o n .
and pieces. alike t o e x a m i n e the previous Superchess c a m e i n t o its o w n . H o w e v e r by p l a y i n g o u t r i g h t
3 Print out a record of the g a m e , and e v e n t o begin the Its driving, delicate play f o r c e d blunders w h i c h lost Cyrus
game. g a m e at a c h o s e n point. z u g z w a n g (the c o m p u l s i o n t o material and decentralised its
4 Save g a m e o n tape (for m a k e a m o v e r e s u l t i n g in pieces it enabled Superchess t o
future c o n t i n u a t i o n ) . material or positional loss) upon d r a w t h e g a m e w i t h s o m e subtle
5 Force the c o m p u t e r to Chess Ability C y r u s . S u p e r c h e s s t h e n pro- play.
make its best m o v e . ceeded to o v e r w h e l m the Cyrus w a s rather a disap-
In order t o discover t h e chess depleted C y r u s and quickly c o n p o i n t m e n t in t h e g a m e just
ability of b o t h p r o g r a m s w e eluded the g a m e . The m o v e s are described. O f t e n it w o u l d play
Superchess 3 . 0 is for the 4 8 K
d e c i d e d t o play t h e t w o pro- listed in table 2. an excellent opening and mid-
Spectrum o n l y . Its f e a t u r e s are:
g r a m s o f f against each other. For t h o s e of y o u w h o are not dlegame and t h e n lose a " w o n "
W e a t t e m p t e d t o play t h e t w o endgame. Sometimes on lower
1 Ten playing levels. familiar w i t h the n o t a t i o n used in
c h e s s p r o g r a m s o f f at approx-
2 Recommended move table 2,1 will brieflyexplain h o w it levels it w o u l d play nonsensical
imately equal t i m e limits. The
option. w o r k s . T h e piece t o be m o v e d is m o v e s in the m i d d l e g a m e or in
results are s h o w n in table 1.
3 Change sides a n d level of s h o w n by the first letter of its t h e e n d g a m e . For e x a m p l e it
play during g a m e . name except for the knight w o u l d m o v e a rook b a c k w a r d s
w h i c h is r e p r e s e n t e d by N. and f o r w a r d s for several m o v e s
4 Set up a position.
5 Self-play o p t i o n .
Example Came There is then a dash, or an x if w h i c h enabled Superchess t o
6 Technical i n f o r m a t i o n the m o v e captures a piece. The i m p r o v e its p o s i t i o n unhindered.
This g a m e w a s b e t w e e n C y r u s
(how the p r o g r a m w o r k s ) . square to w h i c h the piece B o t h packages have r o o m for
( w h i t e ) and Superchess (black).
During the g a m e should be m o v e d is s h o w n by i m p r o v e m e n t . Superchess has
C y r u s played o n level 6 and
Superchess gives itself a the piece w h i c h w o u l d be o n the f e w e r f e a t u r e s t h a n C y r u s and it
Superchess played o n level 3.
score d e p e n d e n t on s a m e file at the beginning of a also has a w e a k opening library
T h e g a m e w a s t y p i c a l of the
g a m e and t h e n by the n u m b e r of c o m p a r e d t o Cyrus. Cyrus has
positional f a c t o r s and games w h i c h were played.
squares f o r w a r d (one t o eight). w e a k e n d g a m e play and it has a
material a d v a n t a g e or loss. C y r u s played a fine opening due
T h e s y m b o l s are KR (kings h a b i t of m a k i n g n o n s e n s i c a l
r o o k ) , QR ( q u e e n ' s r o o k ) , moves.
QN,KN,Q,K,QB and KB.
White Black Result Moves Kingside castling is s h o w n by Cyrus IS Chess is written by
0 - 0 and queenside castling by Intelligent Software and is pric-
Cyrus Level 1 Superchess Level 0 V2-V2 35 0 - 0 - 0 . Check is s h o w n by + ed £9.95. It can be obtained
Superchess Level 0 C y r u s Level 1 1-0 64 and ! indicates a g o o d m o v e . If from most computer software
Cyrus Level 4 Superchess Level 1 1-0 25 for e x a m p l e t w o rooks could retailers. Superchess 3.0 costs
Superchess Level 1 C y r u s Level 4 1-0 57 m o v e t o the same square t h e n £8.95 and can be obtained from
Cyrus Level 5 Superchess Level 2 0-1 38 the correct rook is s h o w n in the following address:
Superchess Level 2 C y r u s Level 5 V2-V2 30 brackets. T h e m o v e s should be
Cyrus Level 6 Superchess Level 3 0-1 60 w o r k e d o u t by looking at t h e CP S O F T W A R E , Dept Y C 2
Superchess Level 3 C y r u s Level 6 Vi-% 65 board f r o m the point of v i e w of 2 Glebe Road,
Cyrus Level 5 Superchess Level 1 Vi-Yi 57 t h e person w h o is m o v i n g . Uxbridge
Superchess Level 1 C y r u s Level 5 0-1 65
Middlesex U B 8 2 R D
Cyrus Level 7 Superchess Level 6 0-1 110
Superchess Level 6 C y r u s Level 7 Vi-Vi 81 Conclusion It may also be available from
Superchess w a s the clear w i n - good software shops.
Game 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Superchess Va 1 0 1 1 Vi 1 V2 Vi 0 1 V2 ner in this c o n t e s t and this sup
p o r t s t h e claim t h a t it can beat

U H i
Cyprus V4 0 1 0 0 '/* 0 V2 V2 1 0 V2
any o t h e r S p e c t r u m chess pro-
Table 1. Results from IS Chess v Superchess pley off. g r a m . Superchess seems t o im-
prove as t h e g a m e goes o n . Its

Table 2. The Cyrus versus Superchess example game.

1.P-K4 P-QB4 16.R-N1 0-0 31.K-K3 P-R4 46. K-G2 P-B8(Q>

2.P-KB4 N-QB3 1 7.B-QB3 K-R1 3 2 . P R4 K-N3 47.KxQ K-B6
3.N-QB3 P-Q3 18.0-0-0 P-QR4 33.P-Q4 K-82 48.K-Q1 KQ6!
4.B-Qn5 B-Q2 19.R-N4 P-R5 34.P-Q5 PxP 49.K-B1 K-85
5.N-B3 N-B3 20.R(Q)N1 R-N8 35.PxP K-K2 50.K-Q2 KxP
6.P-Q3 P-QR3 2 1 .RxB! RxR 36.P-N3 P-R6 51.K-Q3 K-B4
7,BxN BxB 22.BxBP R(R)N1 37.K-Q3 P-N4! 52.K-B3 P-N5 +
8.Q-K2 P-K3 23.R-N5 P-QN3 38.P-N4 P-B5 53.K-Q3 P-N6
9.B-K3 P-Q4 24.K-N1 P-KR3 39.K-K3 K-Q2 54.PxP P-R7
10.PxP NxP 25.R-N4! K-R2 40.P-Q6 KxP 55.K-B2 P-R8(Q)
11 .NxN BxN 26.BxR RxR 4 1 .K-Q4 Kb3! 56.K-Q3 Q-Q5 +
12.B-Q2 Q-KB3 27.P-QB4 P-KB4 42.K-B3 K-Q4 57.K-B2 K-N5
13.Q-K5 BxN 28,RxR + KxR 43.K-B2 K-75 58.K-N1 Kxp
14.QxQ PxQ 29.K-B2 K-83 44.K-Q2 P-B6 + 59.K-B1 Q-Q5
15.PxN B-N2 30.K-Q2 K-B2 45.K-K2 P-B7 60.Q-Q8 mate

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 21
 It!
S
T
Lil Gl.ffl.l /

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has a lucid beginners introduction I-
 iSOFTWARE REVIEWS!

Spectrum lessons
This issue, Mike Edmunds devotes his cil, one of the suggestions m a d e
in the a c c o m p a n y i n g booklet.

attention to scisoft Educational Even S c i s o f t have their

M a t h s programs, here are four

Software, and offers us his views differing packages covering

b o t h Primary and S e c o n d a r y
ages. The first is M a t h s Plus
which covers Tesselation,
I read recently an article in a soft- tivities are included w h i c h will b u t t h e c h i l d has only o n e Number Machines, Graph w o r k ,
w a r e magazine w h i c h s t a t e d help the pupil make the best use chance t o get it correct and it N u m b e r Line a n d a s i m p l e
That for the potential of the of t h e p r o g r a m . For the might have been more beneficial business s i m u l a t i o n ; F a c t o r y .
m i c r o t o be fully realised t h e n p a c k a g e s i n t e n d e d for pupils t o allow several a t t e m p t s for A l t h o u g h t h i s is l a b e l l e d
w a y s m u s t be f o u n d of in- s t u d y i n g for e x a m i n a t i o n a con- t h o s e not quite so able. The child Intermediate level it is certainly
tegrating the m a c h i n e w i t h the siderble a m o u n t of i n f o r m a t i o n can call up an associated picture w i t h i n t h e s c o p e of J u n i o r
rest of t h e c u r r i c u l u m . This has been included w i t h i n the but this is rather s l o w t o f o r m pupils. The accompanying
magazine w a s w e l l over t w o booklets and c o n s e q u e n t l y they and is of rather limited value. It booklet gives g o o d instructions
years old! Yet w h a t do w e find s e e m an ideal w a y of h o m e does, h o w e v e r add interest t o a but, in this case, no additional
n o w . . whilst the games s t u d y or revision y e t still provide mainly t e x t f o r m a t . The Sea op activities. The tesselation sec-
player is p r o v i d e d w i t h high e n o u g h material for use w i t h i n tion a similar use of the pictorial t i o n u n f o r t u n a t e l y only deals
r e s o l u t i o n m u l t i - s c r e e n ex school. element also invites the pupil t o w i t h shapes generated by the
t r a v a g a n z a s the child in t h e w r i t e for t h e m s e l v e s and the nine p e n t o m i n o e s but neverthe-
classroom is still c o n f r o n t e d by p a s s a g e s are s t i m u l a t i n g less is extremely c o m p r e h e n s i v e
drill and practice m a t h s pro-
grams or a dressed up version of
Star Reader e n o u g h to provide g o o d starting
points for s t o r y w o r k . The
and w i t h the colour, rotation and
reversal options can be used t o
H a n g m a n {if it happens t o be an Star Reader is the first of t h e pro- Sequencing section gives an op- produce m a n y c o m p l e x designs.
English lesson!). This v i e w is, of g r a m s under review and is in- p o r t u n i t y for w o r k on alpha- T h e remainder of the programs
course, overly harsh as there are tended for children of 6 t o 1 1 betical order or encyclopedia are equally g o o d and m a k e g o o d
n o w m a n y more e x c i t i n g and years. The p r o g r a m , as the title w o r k . There appear t o be one or use of the c o m p u t e r in an inter-
stimulating p r o g r a m s available suggests, is t o help your child t w o slight quirks in this section active fashion. A g a i n no oppor
w h i c h cover m a n y areas. H o w - develop his or her reading skills. w h i c h spoil an o t h e r w i s e com- tunities for second chances and
ever, in t e r m s of t h e total pro- This tape is Pack B w h i c h takes petent program. For example, t h i s is perhaps their biggest
grams used w i t h i n the educa- as its s u b j e c t s Sea a n d clues to incorrect responses are drawback.
tional c o n t e x t it is still very m u c h Pyramids. There are three diffi- highlighted in dark blue, w h i c h
M a t h s and English as the n o r m .
The d e m a n d for more wide-
c u l t y levels starting w i t h simple also happens to be the same col-
our as all the rest of the t e x t ! The
Maths 1 & 2
sentence c o n s t r u c t i o n and
ranging s o f t w a r e seems to be as e x t e n d i n g t o more c o m p l e x sen- order of words is also M a t h s 1 claims t o be ' e x c i t i n g
great as ever, A f e w s o f t w a r e t e n c e s w i t h harder v o c a b u l a r y . vital. . . the program accepts a n d s t i m u l a t i n g programs for
houses are, h o w e v e r , m a k i n g Each ability level has t w o op- ' . . , trees and w a t e r ' but not 9 - 1 3 year olds.' W h i l s t not
m o v e s in t h e right direction. One tions, Deletion and Sequencing. ' . . water and trees'. As a disagreeing totally I v e n t u r e t o
such is S c i s o f t , and it is their t u r n Deletion requires the child to reading p r o g r a m it has s o m e suggest that s o m e of the pro-
under the spotlight this issue. p r e d i c t w h i c h w o r d is a p - g o o d points but t o be of real g r a m s m a y e q u a l l y w e l l be
propriate t o the meaning of a benefit w o u l d need quite a lot of achieved w i t h pencil and paper.
J u s t imagine t r e k k i n g across
sentence. This is a valuable skill w o r k w i t h a Thesaurus and pen As home extension however
w i l d c o u n t r y s i d e or striving t o
protect a rare b u g f r o m the t h e y do provide g o o d value. The
u n i m a g i n a b l e h o r r o r s of t h e p r o g r a m o n Fractions h o w e v e r ,
M y s t e r y Mansion, a n d all f r o m is v e r y w e l l d o n e a n d en-
t h e r e l a t i v e s a f e t y of y o u r c o u r a g e s t h e e s t i m a t i o n of
classroom or f a v o u r i t e armchair differing fractions, w i t h the
at home. These are just s o m e of c o m p u t e r t a k i n g a teaching role
t h e o p t i o n s available using the in the event of a mistake. Other
w i d e range of educational pro- p r o g r a m s on this tape are Sym-
grams for pupils, teachers or m e t r y , (using line or rotation
parents f r o m S c i s o f t . A compre- this program also has a printer
hensive list of titles is available o p t i o n t o give hard c o p y of the
c o v e r i n g most subject areas and design) Shape (to n a m e g i v e n
m o s t age groups f r o m Infants m a t h e m a t i c a l shapes), Battle
right t h r o u g h t o Sixth Formers ships a n d Factors. This last pro
s t u d y i n g for e x a m i n a t i o n s . g r a m requires t h e necessary fac
tors of a given n u m b e r . The big
Each of the programs w i t h i n
c o n c e r n here is the fact that this
t h e range have been designed
s e c t i o n is S L O W !
for use either at school or at
h o m e and as such each c o m e s M a t h s 2 also has five pro
w i t l t an e x t e n s i v e booklet t o g r a m s . ' L e m o n a d e ' is the t y p e
provide i n s t r u c t i o n s and b a c k u p of p r o g r a m that has been around
materials or ideas for further for a w h i l e n o w and the idea is t o
s t u d y . In the packages for the make your fortune selling
older age ranges s u g g e s t e d ac- lemonade under various condi

24 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985 24

 iSOFTWARE REVIEWS!

tions. A n g l e ' requires t h e pupil decidely tourist t y p e , but e v e n range. T h e r e are seven pro- they are essentially t h e same
t o e s t i m a t e a d r a w n angle. The so I g o t s o m e right. T h e Help g r a m s dealing w i t h f l o w c h a r t s , f o r m a t . B o t h t h e C h e m i s t r y and
n e x t p r o g r a m ' G l a s s ' is a facility p r o v i d e s an English an i n t r o d u c t i o n to machine Physics packs c o m e c o m p l e t e
simplified version of V u - 3 D and translation of t h e required w o r d code, logic gates, t h e applica- w i t h a very c o m p r e h e n s i v e , fully
as s u c h w i l l aid t h e design of dif- and w i l l also give a c o m p l e t e tion of gates, t r u t h tables, a logic illustrated booklet w h i c h is in-
ferent glass shapes and a l l o w translation at the end for check- processor and number bases. t e n d e d t o help w i t h t h e s t u d e n t s
t h e m to be manipulated t h r o u g h ing. T h e beauty of this p r o g r a m The p r o g r a m s are of the ques revision p r o g r a m m e . B o t h pro-
different angles. J u s t like V u t h e is the interactive aspect, not tion and a n s w e r t y p e and mainly g r a m s have p r o b l e m sections
f r a m e w o r k s are of t h e ' w i r e ' a l w a y s i m m e d i a t e l y available in t e x t a l t h o u g h clear diagrams are w h i c h are s u p p l e m e n t e d w i t h
t y p e but are very e f f e c t i v e . a c r o w d e d c l a s s r o o m . It isclaim- used w h e r e necessary. I w a s g r a p h i c s . A l s o i n c l u d e d are
There is an o p t i o n to change the ed that these are not simply impressed by the straight several p r o g r a m s w h i c h include
resolution of t h e d r a w i n g but vocabulary tests and w h i l s t t h e y f o r w a r d nature of these pro- multiple choice questions based
u n f o r t u n a t e l y this c o n t a i n s a actually appear to be J U S T t h a t , g r a m s and they should be of real u p o n e q u a t i o n s and definitions
BUG w h i c h spoils an o t h e r w i s e there is t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o put benefit for the target s t u d e n t s . of r e l e v a n t t e r m s . P h y s i c s
excellent program. (Note to the p r o g r a m to a m u c h fuller use These w o u l d also be of interest covers areas such as
Scisoft, change an A $ in line in t e r m s of translation w o r k etc. t o a n y o n e w i s h i n g to go b e y o n d Mechanics, Electricity, Heat,
2 1 5 0 ! ) ' P e r c e n t a g e ' is an e f f e c - 'Alphabetical Order' requires the BASICs in this area! CES for Pressure, Light and Sound
tive e s t i m a t i o n p r o g r a m en- translation before sequencing, e x a m p l e gives a fairly clear in- w h i l s t the C h e m i s t r y p r o g r a m
couraging the user with and ' E n c y c l o p e d i a ' needs t o t r o d u c t i o n t o m a c h i n e code, and covers Acids and Alkilis,
h u m o u r o u s c o m m e n t s such as d e t e r m i n e w h e r e an English even I c o u l d f o l l o w w i t h no M a s s / M o l e calculations. Gases,
"That was a pretty wild equivalent w o u l d be f o u n d . trouble at all. There is also a revi Metals, Elements, Ions and Elec-
guess. . . " . Overall therefore, a Geography is a less brain- sion p r o g r a m and m o c k e x a m in- trolysis problems. A review
fairly g o o d m i x t u r e on this tape. teasing p r o g r a m and decidely cluded . . . more of w h i c h in a such as this c a n n o t hope t o deal
M a t h s 2 ( 1 3 + ) c o n s i s t s of more fun! Four p r o g r a m s this minute. w i t h such w i d e l y based pro-
six m a t h e m a t i c a l p r o g r a m s and time; Treasure hunt. Around g r a m s w i t h any degree of detail,
a Revision section. This p r o g r a m Britain, Spread of disease in s u f f i c e it t o say that I w o u l d
is i n t e n d e d f o r e x a m i n a t i o n w o o d l a n d and Countries. The Appliance unreservedly r e c o m m e n d these
students w h o are e x p e c t e d t o Treasure H u n t contains three Of. .. packages as revision aids w h e r e
it n o t for the Revision
have t h o r o u g h l y r e v i s e d t h e g a m e s based on m a p reading,
areas c o n c e r n e d . These areas use of c o m p a s s directions and s e c t i o n s ! . . . These, in m y opi
Science 1 is a novel t y p e of pro-
include all a s p e c t s of trig, ratios, e s t i m a t i o n of distances. Each nion spoil t h e w h o l e package.
g r a m but I a m afraid it is not up t o
sine, c o s i n e a n d t a n g e n t s . g a m e is played on a choice of W h i l s t the s u g g e s t i o n s for pro-
t h e standard of the other pro-
Pythagoras T h e o r e m , percen- eight m a p s w h i c h use standard g r a m m e s of revision are helpful
grams! ' B u g ' is intended t o be an
tage c h a n g e , p r o p o r t i o n s and Ordinance Survey s y m b o l s . This and concise I see no need at all
a d v e n t u r e g a m e for children, the
scales. Each of the p r o g r a m s is a t h o r o u g h l y enjoyable set of for t h e a t t i t u d e t h a t is p u t
aim being t o find a box hidden
have up t o ten p r o b l e m t y p e s g a m e s and successfully rein- across! The concern over failure
w i t h i n M y s t e r y M a n s i o n . This
and w i t h i n e a c h p r o g r a m ran- f o r c e s the c o n c e p t s concerned. is surely real e n o u g h for any stu-
box c o n t a i n s the necessary re
dom n u m b e r s are generated t o A r o u n d Britain requires careful dent w i t h o u t having fail cer-
q u i r e m e n t s t o keep a rare S o u t h
give a w i d e variety. There are no plannng t o achieve success, the tificates flashed onto the
A m e r i c a n b u g alive. Travelling
second c h a n c e s at a problem, aim being t o travel a r o u n d in screen. T h e c o m m e n t s for this
t h r o u g h the m a n s i o n y o u are
indeed y o u are e x p e c t e d t o find search of hidden letters w h i c h advice section also strike m e as
c o n f r o n t e d by various problems
why y o u have m a d e an error. A t spell out the n a m e of a city or u n n e c e s s a r y , even if they ARE
w h i c h require scientific a n s w e r s
this level this is no real d e t r i m e n t t o w n . There are n u m e r o u s op- deserved"Stop kidding
in o r d e r t o p r o c e e d . T h e
to the p r o g r a m . Your a t t e m p t s tions and it is up to the individual yourself, y o u are almost an adult
f r a m e w o r k is fairly s t a n d a r d
are given a score to give an indi- t o m a k e the best use of available n o w ! " , " I f this is the first time
a d v e n t u r e type b u t there are t o o
cation of your c o m p e t e n c e in resources, there are also t w o y o u have t h o u g h t about revising
m a n y minor holdups and incon-
any area. All of t h e p r o g r a m s short sections on place names then w e suggest you try
sistencies t o let t h e p r o g r a m
supply g o o d e x a m p l e s a n d , and the e s t i m a t i o n of d i s t a n c e s prayer".
f l o w s m o o t h l y . For example, in
being almost purely b e t w e e n cities. (This last sec- one r o o m y o u are required t o In conclusion, the Revision
mathematical, generalised c o m - tion should be tackled warily as m a n u f a c t u r e o x y g e n f r o m given s e c t i o n s a s i d e , I see t h e s e
ments on e a c h are not really rele- the distance a n s w e r s do not s u b s t a n c e s . . . h o w e v e r if y o u p a c k a g e s as b e i n g of c o n -
vant. The booklet is helpful and c o n f o r m t o any of the m a p s that m a k e s o m e t h i n g lethal instead siderable value, especially as ex
outlines all the necessary rules I consulted!) Disease is a varia- y o u do not appear t o die tension packages for use w i t h i n
contained w i t h i n t h e p r o g r a m s . tion of the old standard 'Life' ex- immediately. A performance t h e h o m e . Each, w i t h i n t h e
The triangle d i a g r a m here is c e p t that it details the spread of report and the s t a t u s of t h e Bug l i m i t a t i o n s i m p o s e d by the
slightly suspect h o w e v e r ! disease within woodland. is given at the end. In all fairness, nature of the program, makes
' C o u n t r i e s ' is by far the m o s t im- although this p r o g r a m did n o t fair use of colour and s o u n d and
pressive of the programs in this appeal to m e it nevertheless is a
intermediate Level package and provides a c o m - d i f f e r e n t approach t o Science.
t h e excellent booklets add an
extra level to the overall presen-
prehensive database on the There are also t w o database pro-
Moving a w a y f r o m M a t h s w e tation. H o w e v e r , even given
major c o u n t r i e s of the w o r l d . grams on Elements and
come t o S c i s o f t ' s I n t e r m e d i a t e s u c h c o m p r e h e n s i v e packages
The database c o n t a i n s various Organisms w h i c h b o t h succeed
level p r o g r a m s , t h e f i r s t of as these, and bearing in m i n d
details s u c h as capitals, areas, in their o b j e c t i v e w i t h o u t being
which is G e r m a n 9 - 1 3. This, in that they tread fairly n e w cur
p o p u l a t i o n etc. A w i d e range of r e a l l y a n y t h i n g o u t of t h e
essence, is a l m o s t e x a c t l y like riculum areas, I still maintain
c o n d i t i o n s is available as search ordinary. 'Plant' follows the
'Star R e a d e r ' , the main that there is still a long w a y to go
o p t i o n s , this set of programs is s a m e style as Bug, the aim this
difference being that all the re- before the micro realises its full
a c c o m p a n i e d by a n e x p l i c i t t i m e being the pollination of the
quired inputs a n d s e n t e n c e w o r k potential within the school
m a n u a l w h i c h also c o n t a i n s plant. A g a i n this did not really
is, of course, w r i t t e n in German! timetable.
additional activities for the user succeed for me. The a n s w e r
An overlay is provided t o give to t r y . here is t h a t if this s o u n d s t o be So c o m e on Software
access to t h e required a c c e n t e d w h a t y o u w a n t t h e n try it first. houses, put s o m e of t h e profits
letters and o t h e r symbols T h e n e x t p r o g r a m is Com- f r o m y o u r M e g a g a m e s into pro-
peculiar to the language. I m u s t puter Studies and is intended for T h e final t w o p r o g r a m s 1 in- viding p r o g r a m s of equal quality
a d m i t t h a t m y G e r m a n is pupils in t h e 1 3 - 1 9 years age t e n d t o deal w i t h t o g e t h e r as for the Educational sector!

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 25
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Name
Address

Postcode
 Skyranger -
patrol t h e air
between the
skyscrapers and
m a k e the city a safer
Skooldaze - p l a c e to live. 3D like
the g a m e t h a t you've never seen
has e v e r y t h i n g - before, showing what a
excitement, d r a m a , S p e c t r u m is r e a l l y c a p a b l e
comedy, t r a g e d y , of w i t h t h e right
catapults . . . j o i n o u r programmer.
hero o n a m a d c a p r o m p
with y o u r f a v o u r i t e C5.95
characters - t h e w i c k e d
headmaster, t h e nutty p r o f e s s o r ,
the a n c i e n t h i s t o r y m a s t e r ( t h e
history's q u i t e o l d , t o o ! ) a n d , n o t Wheelie -
forgetting t h e s w o t a n d t h e s c h o o l in F e b r u a r y t h e C R A S H m a g a z i n e r e v i e w e r s
bully. t h o u g h t t h i s w a s o n e of t h e m o s t a d d i c t i v e
Speech b u b b l e s , a m a z i n g g a m e s ever. At a r o u g h g u e s s I'd say they w e r e
animation, g r e a t g r a p h i c s . addicted to this g a m e .

£5.95 C5.95

All for the 4 8 K S p e c t r u m .

Available f r o m all g o o d c o m p u t e r s h o p s .
or direct f r o m : M I C R O S P H E R E C O M P U T E R S E R V I C E S LTD,
72 Rosebery Road, London N10 2 L A
 SPECTRUM REVIEWS!
entered y o u have t o t h e n give it
a name, say 'sales'. This is t h e n
stored and is listed in a d i r e c t o r y
for use later.
N o w returning t o t h e main
m e n u y o u can start t o build up
your presentation. From the
data entered y o u c a n choose
Clive Smith continues his quest and one of the o p t i o n s t o either pro-
duce a pie graph, h i s t o g r a m or
unveils another mixed bag of programs graph.

recently released
! s t a r t e d by p r e s s i n g t h e
graph o p t i o n w h i c h brings y o u
to a sub m e n u . All y o u h a v e to do
here is c h o o s e w h a t calibra-
tions, colour, titles y o u w a n t by
a series of yes (Y) or no(n)
read the i n s t r u c t i o n s I w a s quite a n s w e r s . Y o u have t h e o p t i o n t o
b a f f l e d by t h e m . c o n n e c t up your points, have a
Once y o u have a n s w e r e d all b a c k g r o u n d grid or put in a fit
the q u e s t i o n s y o u c a n go out line or curve.
and buy ' A L P H A - B E T H (gen)'
O n c e c o m p l e t e d the grid is
w i t h a database p r o g r a m m e so
a u t o m a t i c a l l y g i v e n a reference
y o u can w r i t e your o w n ques-
number and as i t ' s the first graph
t i o n s . A l s o there are t o be pre-
i t ' s called G1 . T h i s is also stored
recorded data bases on
in the directory.
v a r i o u s s u b j e c t s t o be released.
Building t h e h i s t o g r a m and
These can be loaded f r o m the
pie chart is d o n e in m u c h the
menu.
s a m e w a y as the g r a p h and once
T h e g a m e itself, I w o u l d d o n e t h e s e are also g i v e n a
imagine, is aimed at t h e 8 t o 1 5 reference n u m b e r ie: H1 & P1.
year olds.
Other g a m e s f r o m A & F are W i t h the h i s t o g r a m y o u can
J u n g l e Fever, C y l o n A t t a c k and have an overlay, say overlaying
Chuckie Egg. last years sales figures w i t h this
years. A n o t h e r feature is the
p r o g r a m s ability t o forecast or
Projector 1 project up t o another six places.
N o w all these graphs etc c a n be
by McGraw-Hill linked w i t h t e x t , this is limited to
Book company headings and sub headings but
should be a d e q u a t e for m o s t
A n ideal p r o g r a m for use in needs. All the t e x t is w r i t t e n out
s c h o o l s , b u s i n e s s t r a i n i n g or in enlarged c h a r a c t e r s so it can
t h o s e dreaded sales meetings. be easily read. Each page of t e x t
Projector 1 enables y o u to build is also given a reference number
and present graphs, h i s t o g r a m s <K1) and is also stored in the
a n d pie c h a r t s easily a n d directory.
quickly. Going back to the main m e n u
It is t r e a t e d very m u c h like a y o u n o w c h o o s e the directory
projector but instead of m a k i n g and y o u c a n v i e w all the graphs
up slides y o u n o w use a TV etc listed.
screen and store your screens in N o w i t ' s ' f u n t i m e ' as y o u
m e m o r y t o m a k e up a presenta- n o w press the ' b u i l d / m o d i f y -
Alpha-Beth by A'n'F c h a n g e s in relation t o the ques-
tions. If y o u b u m p i n t o one y o u
tion.
O n loading t h e p r o g r a m y o u
p r e s e n t a t i o n ' o p t i o n f r o m the
m e n u . Y o u t h e n go t o a sub
W r i t t e n for the 4 8 K S p e c t r u m , lose one of your six lives. are asked for i n f o r m a t i o n on the m e n u and c h o o s i n g 'build' y o u
" A l p h a - b e t h " is an educational/ I had trouble loading as t h e in t y p e of interface and printer y o u can put the presentation
arcade g a m e w h i c h is designed lay s a i d L O A D " " a n d it are intending t o use and f r o m a together.
t o m a k e learning fun. w o u l d n ' t load until I entered m e n u y o u c h o o s e the o p t i o n t o T h i s is d o n e by listing the
Basically i t ' s a quiz g a m e but L O A D " " C O D E . Once loaded match. r e f e r e n c e n u m b e r s in t h e
a n s w e r i n g the questions is quite y o u are presented w i t h a m e n u T h e r e is a c o m p r e h e n s i v e sequence y o u w o u l d like t h e m
novel. and o n asking for i n s t r u c t i o n s I d e m o p r o g r a m already im- t o appear. So, first y o u w o u l d
Y o u are shrunk d o w n t o t h e received about three pages in planted to s h o w y o u it's capa- probably start w i t h t e x t , so y o u
size of a pea (in fact y o u are a half a s e c o n d . bilities as w e l l as a 1 5 page in- enter K 1 . T h e n m a y b e a graph to
little schoolgirl) and faced w i t h a I rang the c o m p a n y t o ask if s t r u c t i o n book t o help you. f o l l o w , so enter G 1 , A f t e r the
giant k e y b o a r d and V D U . T h e m y c o p y w a s a 'special' just for After running through the graph perhaps a couple more
questions are printed across t h e r e v i e w e r s but they c o n f i r m e d it d e m o y o u have t o clear all the pages of t e x t , enter K 2 & K 3 and
V D U a n d y o u have t o a n s w e r w a s a p r o d u c t i o n model. data and start t o build up your t o f o l l o w that a h i s t o g r a m , enter
t h e m by leaping f r o m key t o key O t h e r o p t i o n s o n t h e m e n u in- o w n presentation. H1 and m a y b e a pie c h a r t , P I .
pressing the right letters t o f o r m c l u d e d one to save and load your Y o u s t a r t at a main m e n u and All the entries c a n be put into
your a n s w e r . Once y o u have scores f r o m previous g a m e s . select ' N e w d a t a ' . This gives any order y o u w i s h and each
printed out your a n s w e r y o u A n o t h e r o p t i o n enables y o u t o y o u a r a n g e of f o r m a t s t o page can be used several times.
have t o m a k e a m a d dash for the select w h i c h operating keys y o u c h o o s e f r o m ie: Years, m o n t h s , O n c e t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n is
" E n t e r " k e y t o s e e if i t ' s c o r r e c t . w o u l d like t o c h o o s e or another days etc. Following screen c o m p l e t e y o u have the o p t i o n of
T h i n g s a r e n o t all r o s y t o use a K e m p t o n j o y s t i c k . p r o m p t s y o u are asked t o enter letting it run a u t o m a t i c a l l y or
t h o u g h , as y o u are c h a s e d There are several girls names your values, I entered sales o n a manually so t o fit in w i t h speech.
a r o u n d the k e y b o a r d by t h e listed w i t h scores of 1 0 0 0 by m o n t h l y basis f o r one year. If y o u c h o o s e t h e a u t o m a t i c
schoolbully and an object w h i c h each one but not being able t o Once all your data has been o p t i o n y o u c a n set the speed

28 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1980

 SPECTRUM REVIEWS!
you w a n t each slide t o appear. If t h r o u g h your m i s t a k e s a n d be
done manually y o u have c o n t r o l t o l d t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r . Or
via 3 keys t o replay t h e slide that thirdly, a n s w e r the q u e s t i o n s
has been s h o w n or t o r e t u r n t o and be s h o w n your m i s t a k e s as
the previous slide or t o m a k e a y o u go.
hard copy if needed. The program will keep a
Once the presentation is run- score t o see h o w y o u progress
ning y o u can also break and s t o p and y o u also have the ability to
it w h i c h takes y o u back to the m a k e a print out of either scores
menu. or q u e s t i o n s .
W i t h the presentation com- On the flip side of the tape are
plete y o u are t h e n asked t o g i v e t w o more short programs. T h e
it a name and that t o o is stored in first tests y o u o n t r a f f i c light
the directory. I t ' s possible t o link sequences w i t h the aid of s o m e
presentations together t o f o r m a w e l l d r a w n graphics.
larger p r o g r a m m e . T h e o t h e r p r o g r a m is a
One of the t h i n g s this pro d e m o n s t r a t i o n of a level cross-
gram lacks is the ability to d r a w ing u s i n g s o m e v e r y c l e v e r
graphics. H o w e v e r all is not lost graphics and really is f u n t o
as it does give y o u the ability t o watch.
load a pre-defined screen image A t this m o m e n t in t i m e I d o n ' t
which could have been d r a w n have a h i g h w a y code book so !
on one of the painting programs c a n n o t check t o see if it c o n t a i n s
now available. This c o u l d be a all t h e road signs. One t h i n g I
logo for your c o m p a n y w h i c h d i d n ' t see w a s b r a k i n g dis-
will give your presentation a tances, but it does hold m o s t , if
more professional finish. not all t h e road signs, parking
The only gripe I had, w a s in restrictions and road lines.
the graphs. The calibrations that
are w r i t t e n on the vertical side
If y o u are t a k i n g your test
shortly I can really r e c o m m e n d
in it. T h e S e c o n d tape is £ 2 . 5 0
inc P&P and magazine.
Therbo
are w r i t t e n inside t h e area w h i c h this t o y o u , oh! and best of luck Well if y o u like get i n t o com- from Arcade
the histogram is printed. This w i t h the test. puter art or w a n t a c o p y of one
makes t h e m unreadable w h e n of these tapes t h e n w r i t e to: The g a m e is a bit like space age
football. Written w i t h some well
the histogram is quite full.
Overall I t h i n k this is a useful
Micro Arts M i c r o A r t s , PO B o x
London,
587,
drawn graphics you are
tool t o have for any c o m p a n y or from Micro Arts presented w i t h a w i d e corridor
training school. w h i c h runs vertically across the
screen. A t e a c h end is a goal,
N o w I ' m a l w a y s looking out for
t h e unusual p r o g r a m s and here
Zenji one is y o u r s and t h e other is the

The Highway Code is s o m e t h i n g that falls into t h a t by Activision computers.

c a t e g o r y . I t ' s w h e r e art m e e t s T h e ball is replaced by a flam-
by Datek the c o m p u t e r . When working with computers ing cursor w h i c h is fired t o w a r d s
M i c r o A r t s is a f o r u m organi- for s o m e time y o u tend t o end up your goal. T o stop it there are
Take ten house p o i n t s and g o l d s a t i o n and will a c c e p t your pet like S p o c k , e v e r y t h i n g y o u d o is strategically placed thrusters
star Datek, for t h e m o s t helpful projects for publication. They done by logic. Well here is a w h i c h fire little thingies across
program I've ever c o m e across. run o n a very l o w b u d g e t (does g a m e w h e r e y o u have t o use the corridor and y o u have to hit
If you are in the throes of lear this m e a n y o u d o n ' t get paid?) your i n t u i t i o n instead. the cursor and knock it to the
ning to drive t h e n y o u m u s t have I w a s given t w o tapes t o look Zenji is a maze of passages, side so it b l o w s up.
come across the p r o b l e m s t h a t at a n d on loading t h e first y o u but the maze is b r o k e n into Y o u are playing against the
greet e v e r y l e a r n e r , f i n d i n g are p r e s e n t e d w i t h a m e n u separate pieces. T h e idea of the c o m p u t e r and y o u have t u r n s at
someone t o test y o u on the under the heading ' A n i m a t e d g a m e is t o c o n n e c t t h e pieces each others goal. W h e n y o u
highway code. Look no f u r t h e r , Originals'. and c o m p l e t e the maze. have a go at the c o m p u t e r s goal
here is an excellent p r o g r a m that These a n i m a t e d originals are This is done by m o v i n g a cur- the c o m p u t e r fires thingies at
will take care of your troubles. d i f f e r e n t shapes and colour that sor f r o m piece t o piece and turn- your cursor.
Once loaded y o u are greeted m o v e around the screen. The ing t h e m a r o u n d till they all con- T o assist your cursor t o w a r d
with a m e n u a n d y o u are asked colour, t i m i n g and order c a n be nect. Doesn't sound much fun the c o m p u t e r s goal y o u also
to stop the tape. T h e n y o u are c h a n g e d via a menu. does it? I have t o admit w h e n I have a tank w h i c h fires missiles.
asked if y o u w a n t the first set of I have t o truly a d m i t I have first played the g a m e I t h o u g h t it If t h e c o m p u t e r s cursor is near-
questions. All t h e q u e s t i o n s seen better graphics before, I t o be a load of rubbish I w a s ing your goal and y o u think y o u
come in sets. T h e first set is o n think it w a s w h e n I had a pro- getting nowhere. c a n n o t s t o p it in t i m e y o u can
motorways, t h e n signs that g i v e g r a m crash once. I like m y art I w a s t r y i n g t o do it logically, press the M e s m o b u t t o n w h i c h
positive orders, t h e n w a r n i n g w i t h oils, personally I think this is so I tried again and w e n t by m y b l o w s e v e r y t h i n g up. These can
signs, general signs and finally whitewash. instinct and got on really w e l l only be used three t i m e s t h o u g h .
signs giving negative orders. Still, people m u s t have (could this be the p o w e r of A d d e d t o t h i s t h e r e are
If you w a n t m o t o r w a y s y o u t h o u g h t Picasso w a s a bit on the Zenji?). polarity missiles w h i c h m a y also
press 1 and start the tape. This w e i r d side w h e n he s t a r t e d . Y o u have a c h o i c e of be fired at y o u as they approach
will load the questions and pre- The s e c o n d tape w a s also j o y s t i c k s y o u c a n use w h i c h is y o u c a n p r o t e c t y o u r s e l f by
sent you w i t h a second m e n u . m e n u driven, this g a v e a choice needed as y o u play this g a m e guessing i t ' s polarity. If it carries
Each question c o m e s w i t h a of 6 d i f f e r e n t graphic displays against the clock. Points c a n be a negative charge y o u can send
very well d r a w n road sign and m u c h the same as t h e first tape. gained w h e n e v e r y o u m a k e a out a positive charge t o b l o w it
you are asked f r o m a choice of One of t h e o p t i o n s 1 pressed complete connection. up.
several answers t o pick the cor- gave m e a g r a f f i t i t y p e m a n so T h e first maze is small but as There are 1 3 k e y s t o operate,
rect one. detailed that he even had his y o u progress the maze increases s o m e w h i c h c a n be handled by a
Via the menu y o u can use the little credentials s h o w i n g , and in size, and in the later stages joystick.
program in three d i f f e r e n t w a y s . w h a t he does I dare not say. y o u are chased a b o u t by small T o tell y o u t h e t r u t h I w a s not
Firstly as a learning aid, w h e r e T h e first tape w i l l set y o u flames w h i c h b u r n y o u up. i m p r e s s e d . T h e g r a p h i c s are
you are told w h a t the signs are, back £ 3 . 0 0 inc P&P and y o u A l t h o u g h a simple g a m e I g o o d but t h e g a m e itself is bor-
or as a quiz w h e r e y o u a n s w e r also get a magazine. T h e r e ' s f o u n d that I c o u l d n ' t put it d o w n ing. I e v e n s h o w e d it to a friend
against the clock and go back e v e n a piece f r o m Clive Sinclair w h i c h is a sign of a g o o d g a m e . w h o also c o n f i r m e d m y v i e w s .

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985 29

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 IHARDWARE REVIEW!

Thurnell Disc Drive last, I entered the t w o line pro-

g r a m and " S A V E " U S R " A N D
FN d() LINE 1 0 " and t h e n press-
ed the black b u t t o n . There on
t h e screen w e r e the w o r d s t h a t I

An exciting machine looked at by the

had t y p e d in! This w a s f o l l o w e d
by t h e LIST c o m m a n d t h a t prints
o u t the names of w h a t is s t o r e d
zxc team in each of the f o r t y - f o u r p o r t i o n s
of side A of the disk, e a c h one
representing 3 . 2 5 k i l o b y t e s of
data.
H o w t o ERASE a file c a m e
n e x t , c o m p l e t e w i t h a m e a n s of
S A V E on disk. He m a d e it appear CLEARing a w h o l e disk, w h i c h is
so easy and explained h o w it s o m e t h i n g t h a t m u s t be done t o
w a s done, line for line — so that I all n e w ones. T h e n there w e r e
could adapt other programs. i n s t r u c t i o n s o n h o w t o transfer a
W h e n i reached t h e safety of m y p r o g r a m f r o m c a s s e t t e t o disk
o w n c o m p u t e r and r e c o n n e c t e d by first using t h e MERGE c o m -
all the e q u i p m e n t , I c o u l d not m a n d , giving access t o disk
r e m e m b e r h o w t o use all t h e BASIC, a n d t h e n the usual S A V E
POKEs and MERGEs t h a t he had command,
mentioned! I w a s n o w at page sixteen
T h u s it w a s that I w a s f o r c e d and h a d not b e c o m e lost in any
toapproachthe "UserManual", of the above, as t h e d e s c r i p t i o n s
w h i c h fills in the gaps left by t h e w e r e v e r y clear a n d concise.
" P r o g r a m m e r s ' reference c a r d " Here w e r e three pages on
and t h e i n t r o d u c t o r y p r o g r a m . I reports and error messages that
w o u l d have liked t o see a larger appear at screen b o t t o m , g i v i n g
f o r m a t manual t h a n half A 5 , t h e their meanings and t h e situa-
use of larger t y p e t h a n 8 p t and tions w h e n t h e y o c c u r . T h e last
! recently m e t Chris D r i n s m e a d t h e c o m p u t e r and all " a d d - o n s " six p a g e s c o n s i s t e d of an
an appreciation of the problems
of Thurnell Electronics and w e s w i t c h e d " o f f " , the drive can be e x p l a n a t i o n of h o w t o add the
experienced by s o m e of us s l o w
spent s o m e time talking a b o u t access t o disk BASIC t o pro-
plugged into the expansion learners. So I d o n n e d m y spec-
their 3 " drive u n i t a n d t h e g r a m s in other places t h a n line
s o c k e t at t h e rear of t h e Spec- tacles and proceeded t o learn
m a r k e t in general. one, h o w t o have r a n d o m ac-
t r u m a n d t h e p o w e r supply con- that the t h i n black b u t t o n ejects
cess disk files in disk BASIC and
A little w h i l e ago t h e y pro- nected to the mains. Upon disks, that the black b u t t o n o n
s o m e t e c h n i c a l data for t h e
d u c e d t h e first v e r s i o n w h i c h s w i t c h i n g " o n " the legend t h e left m a k e s t h e c o m p u t e r
more experienced user.
sold well, especially in Europe, " S p e c t r u m disk B A S I C " can be load f r o m disk a n d is called t h e
this w a s t h e n f o l l o w e d w i t h unit used, i n c l u d i n g t h e c a s s e t t e reset b u t t o n , and that t h e c o m - But, sad t o relate, n o w h e r e
M K 2 and has n o w been super- tape c o m m a n d s . m a n d s in disk BASIC resemble are there i n s t r u c t i o n s on h o w t o
ceded by t h e latest and w h a t is T h e " W e l c o m e " card, after their cassette c o u n t e r p a r t s w i t h S A V E all t h o s e p r o g r a m s that I
likely t o be the final version. explaining t h e above, s u g g e s t s the addition of " A N D FN d 0 " . have b o u g h t and take three t o
Chris explained, " W e have the insertion of t h e d e m o n s t r a - This is going t o be a piece of four minutes t o LOAD from
used the experience gained in t i o n disk and pressing the black cake, I t h o u g h t t o m y s e l f , and cassette. W h y have such a
the m a k i n g of t h e other t w o a n d button. Instantly a menu read o n . superb s y s t e m at our disposal,
the f e e d b a c k f r o m c u s t o m e r s t o appears offering the four giving instant retrieval of infor-
produce t h e m a c h i n e t h a t w e
believe the m a r k e t is looking for.
o p t i o n s of playing S n a k e b y t e , Auto Execution m a t i o n and p r o g r a m s , if they
learning a b o u t disk B A S I C , c a n only be used w i t h " h o m e -
The latest version uses no Spec- MERGing and zero m e m o r y for Next, I w a s i n t r o d u c e d t o mak- m a d e " programs? Do s o f t w a r e
t r u m m e m o r y w h a t e v e r and is EXITing. ing p r o g r a m s s e l f - e x e c u t i n g houses really believe that every
still easy t o use, has Hitachi The game Snakebyte allows after t h e y have been loaded, by T o m , Dick and Harry are g o i n g t o
reliability and 3 0 0 K c a p a c i t y " Thurnall to demonstrate the the addition of " L I N E n " t o t h e rush o u t a n d invest vast quan-
Well, I decided t o call on t h e speed of access of the s y s t e m , S A V E and L O A D s t a t e m e n t s . tities of cash o n a disk drive in
opinions of a general user rather w i t h four i n s t r u c t i o n screens Not only w a s I t h e n s h o w n h o w order t o copy their friends
t h a n a h a r d w a r e e x p e r t t o put it and an o f f e r t o c h o o s e a level of t o S A V E and L O A D pictures, but g a m e s and t h e like? A s m o s t
t h r o u g h i t ' s paces, so over t o d i f f i c u l t y preceding t h e g a m e s also given a five line picture pro- g a m e s players are children or
Tony Woods. s c r e e n . L e a r n i n g a b o u t disk g r a m t o t r y , a n d — it w o r k e d , t e e n a g e r s it w o u l d s e e m
B A S I C f r o m t h e nine screens, j u s t as the manual said t h a t it unlikely. H a v i n g purchased a
s o m e w i t h four extra sections w o u l d . There, in t h e directory, g a m e s p r o g r a m it w o u l d be ideal
The Drives e a c h added by pressing a key, is w a s t h e evidence in the f o r m of
" p i c t u r e s c r e e n s $ " . On to
t o be able t o put it o n t o disk for
simple as t h e s e i n s t r u c t i o n s are instant L O A D i n g , w i t h o u t hav-
In t h e t i m e t h a t it t a k e s t o blink clear, well-designed and not t o o n u m e r i c arrays, w i t h a possible ing robbed t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s of
an e y e , t h e T h u r n a l ! Disk w o r d y . It firstly explains h o w t o modification to the LOAD com- their cash. I should think
S y s t e m will L O A D " T a s w o r d L O A D and S A V E , a n d t h e n h o w m a n d in order t o load only the r e v i e w e r s w o u l d f i n d it a boon!
T w o " t o enable this r e v i e w e r t o t o save and load television pic- desired n u m b e r s by the inclu- I n t e r e s t i n g l y T h u r n e l l are
start to type, whereas the tures, numeric arrays, strings sion of " D I M a ( n ) ; " before t h e negotiating with a software
lengthy cassette LOADing and s t r i n g arrays, a n d finally f o r normal D A T A loading com- house w i t h a v i e w t o producing
m e t h o d e n f o r c e s a c o f f e e break. C o d e a n d h o w t o reassign n e w mand. a " t a p e to d i s k " program, which
It has a similarity t o c o f f e e in addresses. I fairly sailed t h r o u g h strings, s h o u l d be w o r t h w a i t i n g for, and
t h a t its S A V i n g and L O A D i n g I w a s n o w eager t o try m y string arrays and code t o arrive they can already supply
are I N S T A N T . n e w t o y and set o f f , c l u t c h i n g at page ten breathless, t o find in- T a s w o r d II and Masterfile in disk
The w e l l - p a c k e d o u t f i t con- m y box of goodies, t o pay a s t r u c t i o n s o n h o w t o S A V E and versions if required.
sists of Hitachi based disk drive q u i c k visit t o m y local c o m p u t e r LOAD my o w n startup program. T h e c o m p l e t e units c o s t s
p o w e r s u p p l y , user manual for e x p e r t w h o , in d o u b l e - q u i c k Rubbing m y hands w i t h glee, £ 2 1 9 . 9 5 and is only available
disk basic and p r o g r a m m e r s ' t i m e , altered lines in " T a s w o r d t h i n k i n g that this w a s more like f r o m Thurnell directly at the
reference card. W i t h p o w e r t o 2 " t o enable it t o L O A D and it — really using the disk unit at moment.

32 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY'MARCH 1 9 8 5 Z
 COMPETITION

Thurnell Disc Drive

• T h e w i n n e r s will be notified
by post and the results w i l l be
published in a f u t u r e issue of ZX

Competition
Computing.

NAME

Your chance to win a superb disc system ADDRESS

for your Spectrum

" I think the i m p o r t a n t features

of a disc drive should be in the
Be a proud o w n e r of one of these
super s y s t e m s , the latest in t h e
A
B
f a s t access
reliable storage
The Rules f o l l o w i n g order:

range of professional a d d o n s f o r C good backup from • T h e c o m p e t i t i o n is open t o all

the S p e c t r u m w h i c h bring it in Thurnell UK and Northern Ireland readers
line w i t h m a c h i n e s c o s t i n g D easy t o use o f ZX Computing, except
much more. E clear i n s t r u c t i o n s e m p l o y e e s of A r g u s Specialist
All y o u have t o do is s t u d y t h e F l o w cost Publications Ltd. Their printers
list of benefits that the disk drive G g o o d looks and distributors, e m p l o y e e s of
system provides a n d put t h e m in H c o m p a t i b i l i t i w i t h other Thurnell Electronics, or a n y o n e
what y o u consider t o be t h e peripherals associated w i t h the c o m p e t i -
order of i m p o r t a n c e . I 3 0 0 K c a p a c i t y d/sided tion.
drive • A s l o n g as t h e c o r r e c t
Chris Brinsmead of Thurnell
c o u p o n is used there is no limit
Electronics w i l l supply us w i t h
O n the e n t r y f o r m fill in t h e letter t o the n u m b e r of entries f r o m
his order and the entry w h i c h
of y o u r first priority in box each individual. " I w o u l d like a Thurnell disc
matches or c o m e s nearest, will
n u m b e r 1, t h e s e c o n d in box 2 • All entries m u s t be p o s t m a r k - drive because:
win one of their units.
a n d so o n . C o m p l e t e t h e ed before J a n u a r y 3 1 s t 1 9 8 5 .
In case m o r e t h a n one entry sentence which begins: T h e prizes will be a w a r d e d t o t h e
matches Chris' order w e ask y o u " I w o u l d like a Thurnell Disk first ten entries picked at ran-
to complete t h e sentence o n t h e Drive because . . . " d o m w h i c h bear t h e c o r r e c t
entry f o r m in t e n w o r d s or less. In not m o r e t h a n t e n w o r d s , c u t a n s w e r s , t h e d e c i s i o n t o be
Should w e have a tie break situa- o u t t h e f o r m , p u t it in a n m a d e by t h e Editor of ZX Com-
tion then w e ' l l ask h i m t o decide envelope (don't forget the puting. No c o r r e s p o n d e n c e w i l l
which he feels is t h e m o s t s t a m p ) and pop it in t h e post be entered i n t o w i t h regard t o
appropriate sentence. b o x . N o w all y o u have t o do is sit t h e results a n d it is a c o n d i t i o n of
So, t h i n k i n g caps on, pencils back and keep your fingers e n t r y that the Editor's decision is
at the ready and a w a y w e go! crossed. a c c e p t e d as final.

Prism competition b r i m m e d s t e t s o n are:

Results M r Julian Payler of North-

ampton
T h e O c t o b e r / N o v e m b e r PRISM Mr A Ford of C o r n w a l l
competition prompted a Zamir Hyder of Surrey
m a s s i v e response and m o s t of P J W o o d w a r d of Bradford
t h o s e readers w h o e n t e r e d iden- Barry H e t h e r i n g t o n of T h a m e
t i f i e d t h e five p h o t o g r a p h s cor- Daniel T u r t s c h i of Switzer-
rectly. T h e pictures (in order land
f r o m one to five) w e r e : M r A D Mallet of Bracknell
Mark S u m m e r s of N o r t h u m b -
1 Z X 8 1 Keyboard land
2 ZX Printer N A L y t t o n of L o n d o n
3 ZX Interface 1 and Bobby W a t s o n of Ayr-
4 ZX M i c r o d r i v e shire
5 ZX S p e c t r u m
C o n g r a t u l a t i o n s t o all those, and
A regular piece of cake, huh? m y deepest s y m p a t h y t o the un-
A n d so, the t e n lucky w i n n e r s f o r t u n a t e s , but t h a n k s t o all
picked out of t h e editors wide- those w h o entered.

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 33
 Su iLi&r

FOR T H
SPECTRUM 481
CBM6
GREAT M I N D GAMES
Starring The Overfords
of the Universe A full feature adventure Starring The Zurgs
The candidate (you) starring well known After a desperate spa
have to get to the nasty aliens the Zarps. battle only one fleetc
Chamber of Creation. Can you play the hero heroes remain to
It's a laugh a mintWj ^ and stop their plans to prevent the invasion i
since it's 2,OOOnqtflg blow up the earth. earth. The future of
yearsawavapthe most humanity lies with yc
hbrriNe planet in the
Universe... and your
starship doesn't work
either!
 ZX81 C A M E

Sherbet Homes would have had a (please note one bit of data is 2
characters long). Do not enter a

problem solving S Greaves' mind space b e t w e e n data numbers. If

y o u m a k e a m i s t a k e , RE-RUN

stretching game which was set in

9 7 0 0 and enter the address at
the start of the line y o u m a d e the

Coventry.
m i s t a k e in, a n d re-enter the
w h o l e line again.
W h e n y o u have entered all
the data y o u can try running the
g a m e . On running the p r o g r a m
y o u should first get the instruc-
tions and be a s k e d t o press any
key to c o n t i n u e . A f t e r pressing a
key t h e screen s h o u l d go blank
for a f e w seconds before a list of
your cards appear (3 Rooms, 3
W e a p o n s a n d 3 Names). Press-
POKE 16510.0 ing any key w i l l then start the
POKE 1 6 5 1 1 ,88 g a m e and y o u should see a plan
POKE 16512,1 of the house. W h e n t o l d t o make
POKE 16518,118 y o u r m o v e use the cursor keys
POKE 1 6 5 1 9 , 1 18 for l e f t , right, up and d o w n and
keys 1 , 2 , 3 a n d 4 for diagonal
If y o u n o w list the p r o g r a m m o v e m e n t . If y o u m o v e o n t o an
y o u w i l l f i n d lines 1, 2 and 3 inverse n u m b e r in a r o o m y o u
nave v a n i s h e d a n d line 0 REM w i l l be asked to m a k e a guess,
has appeared, if not y o u w i l l the c o m p u t e r w i l l t h e n tell y o u if
have t o start again. W n e n y o u it has any of the cards y o u have
have got y o u r REM s t a t e m e n t guessed. A f t e r your guess y o u
enter the main p r o g r a m listing 2 m a y use up any m o v e s y o u have
(lines 9 7 0 0 o n w a r d s of the pro- l e f t . W h e n your go is over the
g r a m is t h e data loader a n d c o m p u t e r w i l l make its m o v e
reader). A f t e r entering line 1 and, if in a r o o m , make a guess
R A N D the c o m p u t e r s h o u l d list and ask y o u if y o u have any of
it, if not enter as direct c o m - the cards it has guessed [the
m a n d s LIST 1 N / L , POKE c o m p u t e r does not access your
1 6 4 1 9 , 1 N/L. W h e n y o u have cards in m a k i n g its guess, but if
entered the p r o g r a m y o u have t o y o u tell it y o u nave a particular
enter the data. To d o this RUN card it w i l l remember it).
9 7 0 0 and, w h e n asked t o enter The g a m e c o n t i n u e s until y o u
the s t a r t i n g address, enter the or the c o m p u t e r guess right. All
address at the s t a r t of the first being w e l l the p r o g r a m w i l l run
tine in listing 1 ( 1 6 5 1 4 ) , then OK first t i m e , if not here is a
t y p e in as m a n y bits of data as break d o w n of the p r o g r a m to
y o u like f o l l o w e d by Newline help y o u f i n d the b u g s .

Program
Breakdown
Lines 1 0 t o 9 9 t h e variables a n d print the
instructions.
Lines 1 0 0 t o 3 0 0 Deal the cards a n d t h e n s t a r t t h e
game off.
Lines 1 0 0 0 to 1 1 9 9 Print the floor plan a n d the players.
Lines 2 0 0 0 t o 2 2 0 0 Check the k e y s , m o v e y o u r piece
a n d also c h e c k s y o u have not run
into a wall.
Lines 3 0 0 0 t o 3 9 9 9 Check w h e t h e r y o u h a v e hit a w a l l
or are in a r o o m , lets y o u m a k e a
OODUNNIT is based on a popular screen w i t h o u t running i n t o the guess t h e n c h e c k s if it is r i g h t , or
board game and is w r i t t e n for w a l l s . The data is s t o r e d in a tells y o u if the c o m p u t e r has any of
the 16k Z X - 8 1 . The g a m e is REM s t a t e m e n t 3 4 2 characters the cards y o u p i c k e d .
ac played against the c o m p u t e r . T o long. T o m a k e this first enter line Lines 4 0 0 0 t o 4 5 0 0 M o v e s the c o m p u t e r s piece.
o win the game y o u m u s t find o u t 1 REM 1 1 0 characters (any Lines 4 5 0 0 t o 5 9 9 9 Sorts o u t w h i c h r o o m t h e
" w h o done i t " , w h e r e , and w h a t characters w i l l do). Next edit line computer w a n t s to go to and
with. But first let m e explain 1 t o m a k e 3 lines (1 R E M , 2 REM w h i c h data t o use.
how to enter the p r o g r a m . a n d 3 REM). Check that PEEK Lines 6 0 0 0 to 7 0 0 0 Make the computers guess.
At first sight listing 1 may 1 6 8 5 6 - 1 1 8 if not check the Lines 9 0 0 0 to 9 3 2 0 Are v a r i o u s s u b r o u t i n e s .
fO: look like machine code, but it's length of your REM s t a t e m e n t s . Lines 9 4 0 0 to 9 5 4 0 End of g a m e .
not. It is, in f a c t , data for the W h e n all is c o r r e c t enter the Lines 9700 O n w a r d s are t h e d a t a loader a n d
computer to m o v e a r o u n d the f o l l o w i n g as direct c o m m a n d s : - reader. ^
 ZX81 CAME
variables 22 LET LR=0
PPA + PPB Players s c r e e n p o s i t i o n . 30 DIM N$(7,8>
CPA + CP8 Computers screen position. 31 DIM R$(7,8)
TA + TB Computers target screen position.
PR + TR C o m p u t e r s p r e s e n t (or last) r o o m a n d t a r g e t 32 DIM W*<7,8)
room. 33 DIM A(3)
DP Data pointer. 34 DIM C <2,3,3)
LR Last r o o m p l a y e r w a s in.
D The dice value. 35 DIM G(3)
E U s e d as a c o u n t e r . 36 DIM 0(3,7)
N + V + L Various loops.
G{3) T h e p r e s e n t g u e s s of t h e p l a y e r or t h e 50 LET N$(1)="PAUL"
computer. 51 LET (2> JOHN"
A(3) The answer.
X(3) U s e d t o set u p t h e c a r d s .
52 LET N$(3)="MARK"
0(3,3) The computers note pad. \ < 53 LET N$(4)="PAT"
C(2 , 3 , 3 ) Holds the cards. a 54 LET N$(5)="STEVE"
R$(7,8) o t y j 55 LET N$(6)="SARA"
W$(7,8)
N$(7,8) 56 LET N$(7)="TRACY"
61 LET R$(1)="KITCHEN"
A n y m i s t a k e s in t h e d a t a w i l l which in our 62 LET RS(2)="CL0SET"
c a u s e t h e c o m p u t e r t o m o v e in ample 1 6 5 6 2 + (6
the w r o n g directions and may 1 )) 16574 63 LET R$(3)="BEDROOM"
e v e n c a u s e an e r r o r w i t h r e p o r t 64 LET R$(4)="HALL"
code 5 . To check the data RUN
9800 and correct any 65 LET R$ < 5)— "LOUNGE"
mistakes. 66 LET R$(6)="STAIRS"
For t h o s e i n t e r e s t e d in t h e
l a y o u t a n d use of t h e d a t a , it is
67 LET R$(7)="BATHR00M"
s t o r e d in 8 b l o c k s of 4 2 b i t s of 71 LET W$(1)="STICK"
d a t a . T h e first b l o c k is f o r t h e T h e c o m p u t e r t h e n t a k e s PEEK
c o m p u t e r to m o v e f r o m the 1 6 5 7 4 as t h e line n u m b e r a n d
72 LET W$(2)="HAMMER"
s t a r t , t h e s e c o n d b l o c k is f o r t h e PEEK ( 1 6 5 7 4 + 1 ) as the col- 73 LET W$(3)="AXE"
computer to move from room 1 u m n n u m b e r . W h e n m a k i n g its
a n d s o o n u p t o t h e 8 t h b l o c k for m o v e it m o v e s in the d i r e c t i o n of
74 LET W$ (4)="KNIFE"
the c o m p u t e r to m o v e f r o m t h e s e c o o r d i n a t e s u n t i l it 75 LET W$<5)="GUN"
r o o m 7 . T h e s e b l o c k s are d i v i d - r e a c h e s t h e m . W h e n it h a s 76 LET W$ (6)="LEADPIPE"
e d i n t o 7 s e c t i o n s of 6 b i t s of r e a c h e d a t a r g e t it c h e c k s t o see
d a t a . T h e 7 s e c t i o n s are f o r t h e if it is in a r o o m . If it is not in a 77 LET W$ <7> ROPE"
r o o m t h e c o m p u t e r is g o i n g t o r o o m t h e data p o i n t e r is in- 79 PRINT TAB 13; "BEEPEE]
e . g . b l o c k 0 s e c t i o n 3 is f o r t h e c r e m e n t e d by 2 a n d t h e n e x t line
c o m p u t e r to m o v e f r o m the a n d c o l u m n n u m b e r s are g o t 80 PRINT ,,"YOU HAVE TO GUESS
start to room 3 . The sections f r o m the d a t a . W h e n the c o m WHICH ROOM THECRIME WAS COMMITTE
are f u r t h e r split i n t o 3 p a i r s , p u t e r gets t o a r o o m it m a k e s a
e a c h pair c o n s i s t i n g o f line g u e s s a n d t h e n s e t s the present D IN, WHICH WEAPON WAS USED AN
number and column number. r o o m value and starts the w h o l e D WHO DID IT."
For a n e x a m p l e of h o w t h e p r o c e s s again a f t e r p i c k i n g a
c o m p u t e r u s e s t h e d a t a let us n e w target room. B1 PRINT "TO MAKE A GUESS YOU
s u p p o s e t h e c o m p u t e r is in A s a final n o t e it is best t o MUST BE IN AROOM. THE ROOM YOU A
room 1 and wishes t o go to leave t h e d a t a loader a n d reader RE IN IS THE"
r o o m 3 . First it s e t s t h e d a t a part of t h e p r o g r a m i n t a c t in
p o i n t e r t o t h e s t a r t of t h e d a t a case a n error is f o u n d at a later 82 PRINT "GUESS FOR THE ROOM.
w h i c h is 1 6 5 2 0 , it t h e n a d d s d a t e . To s a v e the p r o g r a m w i t h ENTER YOUR GUESS FOR THE WEAPON
4 2 x (the present r o o m no:) Auto-start RUN 9 6 0 0 .
w h i c h gives 1 6 5 6 2 then adds AND NAME OFTHE PERSON AS A SING
6 x ((target room no:) 1) Happy Sleuthing. LE NUMBER."
83 PRINT "YOU MAY NOT GO BACK
Listing 7 INTO A ROOM UNTIL YOU HAVE BEEN
INTO ANOTHER"
0 REM DATA HELD 85 PRINT ,,"USE THE CURSOR KEY
S TO MOVE LEFT,RIGHT,UP AND
1 RAND DOWN, AND KEYS1,2,3 AND 4 TO MOV
2 CLS E DIAGONALLY."
3 SLOW 86 PRINT "YOU ARE THE * AND TH
9 REM S E T U F ' I E COMPUTER IS THE C."
10 LET PPA=10 87 GOSUB 9300
11 LET PPB=15 88 CLS
15 LET CPA=10 98 FAST
16 LET CPB=16 99 REM O E R L
17 LET TA= 10 100 LET E=1
18 LET TB= 16 120 DIM X(7)
19 LET PR=0 130 LET B=0
20 LET TR=0 140 GOSUB 9060
21 LET DP=16520 150 LET A(E)=D

36 985 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 36

 ZX81 GAME
160 LET X CD)=1 1999 STOP
170 FOR N=1 TO 6 2000 REM iiMiiM:Mm:i3i?n
180 LET NN=INT (N/2+.5) 2010 GOSUB 9010
190 GOSUB 9060 2020 PRINT AT 0,0;"YOUR MOVE. DI
200 IF X(D)< >0 THEN GOTO 180 CE—";D
210 LET C <B+1,E ,NN)=D 2030 GOSUB 9030
220 LET X(D> =1 2035 PRINT AT 0 , 0; " a ^ H H H H H i
225 IF B=0 THEN LET 0<E,D>=1
230 LET B=NOT B 2040 FOR Y=1 TO D
240 NEXT N 2050 LET M$=INKEY*
250 LET E=E +1 2060 IF M*="" THEN GOTO 2050
260 IF E<4 THEN GOTO 110 2070 PRINT AT (PPA+(M$="6")+(M$=
270 SLOW "3") + < M$="4")-(M*="1")-< M$ = "2")-
280 GOSUB 9200 <M$="7")),(PPB+(M$="2")+(M$= "3")
285 GOSUB 9300 +(M$="8")-<M$="1 " > -<M*="4")-<M*=
290 GOSUB 1000 "5"));
999 GOSUB 2000 2075 LET P=PEEK (PEEK 16398+256*
PEEK 16399)
2080 PRINT AT PPA,PPB;" "
bstmg 2 Main program
2085 IF P O 0 THEN GOTO 3000
2090 LET PPA=PPA+(M$-"6">+<M$="3
1000 REM P L O W " ) + <M$="4" ) - <MS=" 1 " ) - <M*="2" ) - (M
1010 CLS $="7")
1014 REM 2095 LET PPB=PPB+<M$="2 , , ) + <M$="3
1015 REM NUMBERS 1-7 SHOULD BE ")+(M$="B B )-(M*="1")-(M$="4")-(M
IN INVERSE PRINT
1016 REM 2100 GOSUB 1100
1020 PRINT AT ^ ^ " H H H 2110 NEXT Y
• • • M M M KITCHEN | 2120 GOSUB 1020
CLOSET BEDROOM 2200 GOTO 4000
2 2999 STOP
3 3000 REM I N R O O M
1030 PRINT 1 • 3005 IF P<64 THEN GOTO 2090
• WM • • 3010 IF P>156 THEN GOTO 3100
• • 3020 GOSUB 1100
1040 PRINT • 3025 SLOW
• •1 • 3030 GOTO 2050
• • 3100 LET R=P—156
• HALL 3105 IF R=LR THEN GOTO 3020
1050 PRINT "1 31 10 LET LR=R
4 mm • • • i 3115 LET P=0
• wm BATH • 3120 FAST
•• M Hi" 3125 CLS
1060 PRINT ROOM • 3130 PRINT "YOU ARE ";"IN THEON
• •1 • THE" (6*(R=6)+1 TO 6*<R=6)+6);" "
• •i 7 ;R*(R)
• 3140 PRINT ,,"ENTER YOUR GUESS,
1070 PRINT • WEAPON NUMBER AND NAME NUMBER FR
• •1 • h i OM : •
M L OUNGE wm • • H h i • 3145 GOSUB 9110
•BE5TAIRS • 3150 GOSUB 9200
tm 6 • 3155 INPUT G$
5 •i • 3160 IF LEN G$< >2 OR CODE G*(1)<
29 OR CODE G$(2><29 OR CODE G$(1
1080 PRINT " nWmtKM• • • • • ) >35 OR CODE G*(2>>35 THEN GOTO
H • • • • IB" 3150
1100 PRINT AT PPA, PPB;"*" ;AT CPA 3155 INPUT G$
,CPB; "C" 3160 IF LEN G*<>2 OR CODE G$(1)<
1110 RETURN 29 OR CODE G*<2)<29 OR CODE G$(1
—
5
— —
ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985
— 37
 ZX81 CAME
>>35 OR CODE GS<2)>35 THEN GOTO 4500 LET PR=TR
3150 4510 FOR J=1 TO 7
3175 CLS 4520 LET TR=INT (RND*7>+1
3180 LET G(1)=R 4530 IF O(1,TR><>0 THEN NEXT J
3190 LET G(2)=VAL G$ (1) 4540 IF TR=PR THEN LET TR=INT (R
3195 LET G<3)=VAL G* (2) ND*7)+1
3200 FOR V=1 TO 3 4545 IF TR=PR THEN GOTO 4540
3210 IF A (V) < >G(V> THEN GOTO 350 4550 IF PR<>0 THEN GOSUB 6000
0 4620 LET DP=16520+(PR*42) + < <TR-1
3220 NEXT V )*6>
3230 PRINT "YOU GOT IT RIGHT" 4630 LET TA=PEEK DP
3250 GOTO 9400 4640 LET TB=PEEK (DP+1)
3500 REM aaaiH 4645 PRINT AT 0,0;
3501 LET Q=0 4650 GOSUB 1020
3510 LET V=INT <RND*3>+1 4655 GOTO 4070
3520 FOR X=1 TO 3 4999 STOP
3530 IF C(1,V,X)=G(V) THEN GOTO 5000 IF TR=0 THEN GOTO 4510 ^
3600 5010 PRINT AT CPA,CPB? C
3541 LET Q=Q+1 5015 LET P=PEEK (PEEK 16398+256* *
3542 IF Q=3 THEN GOTO 3560 PEEK 16399) t
3545 LET V=V+1 5016 IF P>128 THEN GOTO 4500 >
3549 NEXT X 5017 IF P=23 THEN GOTO 5100
3550 IF V=4 THEN LET V=1 5020 LET DP=DP+2 C
3555 GOTO 3520 5025 PRINT AT CPA-MA,CPB-MB;" " 1
3560 PRINT "WRONG BUT I HAVE NON 5030 GOTO 4630 7
E OF THEM" 5100 LET CPA=CPA-MA 7
3565 SLOW 5110 LET CPB=CPB-MB £
3570 GOSUB 9300 5120 GOTO 2000 9
3575 GOSUB 1000 5999 STOP 9
3580 GOTO 2079 6000 REM liM:iJlil=<«r|il^.-t.i 9
3600 PRINT "WRONG, I HAVE " 6010 CLS 9
3601 IF V=1 THEN PRINT R$<G(V)> 6020 PRINT "MY GUESS : - " 9
3602 IF V=2 THEN PRINT W$(G(V)> 6021 FAST 9
3603 IF V=3 THEN PRINT N$<G<V)) 6025 LET E=2 9
3605 SLOW 6026 LET GD=INT (RND*7)+1 9
3610 GOSUB 9300 6030 FOR J=1 TO 7 9
3611 GOSUB 1000 6035 LET GD=GD+1 9
3615 GOTO 2079 6036 IF GD>7 THEN LET .GD=1 9
3999 STOP 6040 LET G(E)=GD W
4000 REM 6050 IF O(E,GD)<>0 THEN NEXT J 9
4001 GOSUB 9000 6060 LET E=E+1 9
4003 PRINT AT 0,0;"MY MOVE. DICE 6070 IF E<4 THEN GOTO 6026 ;
= ";D 6075 LET G (1)=PR 9
4004 GOSUB 9030 6080 PRINT 9
4005 PRINT AT 0,0; " M M H ^ H 6090 PRINT G<1);" ";R»(G(1));" " 9
mm" ; G (2) ; " " ; W^ (G (2) ) ; " ";G(3);" " ;
4010 FOR Y-l TO D NS(G(3)) W
4020 LET MA=0+(CPA<TA) — <CPA>TA) 6095 GOTO 7000 9
4030 LET MB=0+ <CPB< TB) — (CPB>TB) 6100 GOSUB 9200 9
4035 LET CPA=CPA+MA 6105 LET J=0 9
4036 LET CPB=CPB+MB 6110 PRINT ,,"IF YOU HAVE ANY OF ,
4040 IF CPA=TA AND CPB=TB THEN G MY GUESS PLEASE ENTER ROOM )
OTO 5000 WEAPON OR NAME"
4050 PRINT AT CPA-MA,CPB-MB;" " 6115 PRINT "IF YOU HAVE NONE THE 9:
4070 GOSUB 1100 N PRESS N/L" 9
4080 NEXT Y 6120 INPUT G* 9:
4090 GOSUB 1020 6121 IF G$="" THEN GOTO 6500 01
4100 GOTO 2000 6130 IF G*(1>="R" THEN LET J=1 9:
4499 REM IJ:il:».-Wai 6131 IF G*(1)="W" THEN LET J=2 0

38 985 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH198538

 ZX81 CAME
6132 IF G^ <1)= M N" THEN LET J=3 9315 IF INKEY$="" THEN GOTO 9315
6140 IF J=0 THEN GOTO 6120
6170 LET 0<J,G(J))=1 9320 RETURN
6175 PRINT AT 15,0;"THANK YOU 9400 PRINT ,,"THE MURDER WAS COM
•i
MITTED B Y " ( 6 ( 3 ) )
6176 SLOW 9410 PRINT "IN ON "(2*<1 AND G(1
6180 GOSUB 9300 )=6)+1 TO 3+(3* <G <1)=6)) );"THE "
6190 RETURN ;RS<G <1) )
6500 LET E=1 9420 PRINT "WITH A ";W*(G<2>>
6510 FOR L=1 TO 3 9500 PRINT ,,"DO YOU WANT ANOTHE
6520 IF C < 2 , E , L)=G(E) THEN GOTO R GAME (Y/N)?"
6600 9510 INPUT A$
6530 NEXT L 9520 IF A$=*'N" THEN PRINT "OK BY
6540 LET E=E+1 ME. "
6550 IF E<4 THEN GOTO 6510 9525 IF A*="N" THEN STOP
6560 GOTO 6175 9530 IF A$="Y" THEN RUN
6600 PRINT AT 15,0; CHE H T V0U H 9599 REM BEBB
RVE GOT ONE OF THEM 9600 SAVE "OODUNNIT"
6 6 1 0 GOTO6120 9610 RUN
6999 STOP 9700 REM
7000 FOR J=1 TO 3 9701 FAST
7010 IF G (J) < >A (J ) THEN GOTO 610 9705 LET A*=""
0 9710 PRINT "ENTER STARTING ADDRE
7020 NEXT J SS"
7030 PRINT "I GUESS RIGHT" 9715 INPUT A
7040 GOTO 9400 9720 SCROLL
8999 STOP 9725 PRINT A;":";
9000 R E M UHI3-1 9730 FOR N=1 TO 6
9010 LET D=INT <RND*6)+1 9735 IF A*="" THEN INPUT A$
9020 RETURN 9740 POKE A,(16*C0DE A$+CODE A$<
9030 FOR L=1 TO 10 2)—476)
9040 NEXT L 9745 PRINT " ; A$ ( TO 2)
9050 RETURN 9750 LET A=A+1
9060 LET D=INT <RND*7)+1 9755 LET A$=A*<3 TO )
9070 RETURN 9760 NEXT N
9100 CLS 9765 PRINT
9110 PRINT 9770 GOTO 9720
9115 PRINT TAB 3;"ROOM";TAB 14; 9800 REM
WEAPON"; TAB 24;"NAME" 9805 PRINT "ENTER STARTING ADDRE
9120 FOR N=1 TO 7 SS"
9130 PRINT N; "JRjMN);" "; N; 9810 INPUT A
;W$(N) ; " ";N; ":N$(N) 9815 PRINT A;":";
9140 NEXT N 9820 FOR N=1 TO 6
9150 RETURN 9825 LET P=PEEK A
9200 PRINT ,,"YOU HAVE 9830 PRINT " ";CHR$ (28+INT (P/l
9210 PRINT TAB 3;"ROOM";TAB 14;" 6 ) > ;CHR$ (28+P— <16*INT (P/16>)>;
WEAPON" ; TAB 24;"NAME"
9220 PRINT 9835 LET A=A+1
9230 FOR N=1 TO 3 9840 NEXT N
9240 PRINT 0(2,1,N);" ";R$<C<2,1 9845 IF PEEK 16442=3 THEN GOTO 9
,N));" "jC<2,2,N);" ";W*<C(2,2, N 860
));" "j C(2,3,N);" " ; N* <C (2,3, N> ) 9850 PRINT
9855 GOTO 9815
9250 NEXT N 9860 PRINT AT II.I I, — ll I I I • I I
9260 RETURN V KEY TO SCROLL
9300 PRINT ,,"PRESS ANY KEY TO C 9865 IF INKEY*=' THEN GOTO 9865
ONTINUE"
9310 IF I N K E Y S O " " THEN GOTO 931 9870 SCROLL
0 9875 GOTO 9815

985 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 39

>
 CLOSSYAIRY

or the Plain Man's Guide to computer Terminology

according to Jim Lock of Surrey.

Access s o m e t i m e s used t o buy a c o m p u t e r Oigital — only w o r k s w h e n p o k e d hard w i t h a finger

Adaptor — c o n n e c t o r enabling other people's e q u i p m e n t DIM — h o w y o u feel w h e n y o u see p r o g r a m s

t o be a t t a c h e d t o (but not w o r k w i t h ! y o u r w r i t t e n by y o u r seven year old daughter
computer
Flexible — u n w o r k a b l e , as in " f l e x i b l e o p e r a t i n g
Addictive w o r d f r e q u e n c y used by s o f t w a r e r e v i e w e r s system"
t o describe g a m e s their children w o u l d n ' t let
t h e m play Flying Simulation — i m m e n s e l y c o m p l i c a t e d g a m e requiring t h e
use of at least f o u r t e e n fingers at once
Adventure — f a n t a s y g a m e requiring fairly logical handling
of very unusual o b j e c t s FOR...NEXT short extract f r o m c o n j u r o r ' s p a t t e r , " F o r my
Next t r i c k "
Amplifier — device w h i c h plugs i n t o your c o m p u t e r a n d
a l l o w s your neighbours t o hear y o u r children High resolution t e c h n i q u e used by a c o m p u t e r t o d r a w very
playing " 3 D P a c V a d e r s " graphics w o b b l y diagonal lines o n a T , V . screen

Arcade game c o l o u r f u l a n d noisy reaction tester c o n d i t i o n a l s t a t e m e n t , as in " I F y o u try t o copy

I F . . . THEN
this p r o g r a m THEN your c o m p u t e r will explode
Array — w h a t y o u s h o u t w h e n your p r o g r a m w o r k s
first time w h e n your children tell y o u h o w t o play " 3 D
Interference PacVaders"
Artificial — w h a t y o u think y o u r c o m p u t e r has a n d it
intelligence t h i n k s y o u have g a d g e t w h i c h will probably not w o r k w i t h
Joystick
y o u r latest g a m e
t h e aliens fire at y o u b e f o r e y o u ' v e p u t y o u r
Autostart — e n o r m o u s hamburger
fingers on the c o n t r o l k e y s Kilobyte

a s t a n d a r d language m o s t suitable for LEN a n d V A L — t h e married couple w h o live a r o u n d the

BASIC
n e w c o m e r s t o c o m p u t i n g as it uses simple corner
w o r d s a n d i n s t r u c t i o n s s u c h as A B S , OPEN
LPRINT, USR, DEF FN a n d CHR$ Listing — w h a t y o u r c o m p u t e r is d o i n g t o o n e side,
having lost one of i t ' s rubber feet
BBC t h e little noise u n d e r n e a t h a Sinclair
computer Logic w h a t m a k e s c o m p u t e r s a n d male h u m a n s w o r k
(it's c o u n t e r p a r t in f e m a l e h u m a n s is intuition}
Bug — a small creature, a b o u t the size o f a gremlin,
w h i c h c r a w l s i n t o the c o m p u t e r t h r o u g h a hole L o w resolution — t e c h n i q u e used by a c o m p u t e r t o m a k e
in t h e back a n d plays h a v o c w i t h your p r o g r a m s graphics almost recognisable pictures o u t of building
blocks
Command — an order y o u give t h e c o m p u t e r w h i c h o f t e n
gets the reply " N o n e s e n s e in B A S I C " Memory — s o m e t h i n g y o u discover y o u need a f e w days
expansion after b u y i n g the cheaper c o m p u t e r
Compatible — it w o n ' t w o r k w i t h your o c m p u t e r
Menu a list of o p t i o n s f r o m w h i c h y o u invariably
Comprehensive — c o n t a i n s absolutely e v e r y t h i n g y o u need t o Choose w r o n g l y
k n o w , e x c e p t for t h e one t h i n g y o u w a n t t o find
out Microdrive car-racing arcade g a m e for your c o m p u t e r

C o m p u t e r tape — used t o a t t a c h a Sinclair R A M p a c k t o a Micronet — used t o c a t c h bugs

ZX81
Mind game — intellectually d e m a n d i n g g a m e requiring very
Console flashy piece of f u r n i t u r e w h i c h neatly s t o r e s unusual handling of fairly logical o b j e c t s
your c o m p u t e r , p o w e r supply, cables and
accessories b u t takes up three t i m e s t h e space Modem — h o w assistants at Harrods address y o u r
they did girlfriend

Cursor key — w h a t y o u o f t e n do w h e n y o u accidentally Motherboard — M u m ' s r e a c t i o n t o n e w s of o f f s p r i n g ' s latest

m o v e y o u r laser base in the w r o n g direction hi-score on " 3 0 P a c V a d e r s "

40 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985

 GLOSSYAIRY
NOT - used to tie t w o STRINGs together Tool kit large b a g in w h i c h y o u k e e p y o u r
screwdriver
Prompt — w h e n y o u tell y o u r c h i l d r e n h o w t o play " 3 D
PacVaders" Uncopiable — blank c a s s e t t e
cassette
RAMpack d e v i c e y o u p l u g in t o t h e b a c k of y o u r
c o m p u t e r so t h a t it c a n u p l u g itself w h i l s t y o u User d e f i n e d — only the guy w h o w r o t e the program k n o w s
are t y p i n g in t h e last line of a v e r y long p r o g r a m graphic w h a t this f u n n y s h a p e d b l o b is s u p p o s e d t o be

Random A c c e s s w h a t y o u need t o f i n d t h e i n t e r e s t i n g article Variable s o m e t h i n g w h i c h is f i x e d at t h e s t a r t of a

Memory y o u c u t o u t of a m a g a z i n e t h r e e m o n t h s a g o p r o g r a m , c h a n g e d d u r i n g the p r o g r a m a n d reset
and p u t s o m e w h e r e safe t o i t ' s original v a l u e at t h e e n d of t h e p r o g r a m

REM — p u t at t h e b e g i n n i n g o f a line t o R E M i n d y o u W o r d Processing — operation w h i c h allows t w o computers to

t o r e m e m b e r it a n d the c o m p u t e r t o ignore it b e c o m e pen pals

Royalties T h e Q u e e n a n d her f a m i l y

Screwdriver instrument for invalidating guarantees

Sinclair Printer i n g e n i o u s m e c h a n i c a l d e v i c e for p r o d u c i n g

s m u d g e s o n a roll of e x p e n s i v e paper a n d t h e n
s h r e d d i n g t h e lot b e f o r e y o u get a c h a n c e t o see
w h a t it has d o n e

Sound c h i p — g o o d g o l f shot

Speech b o x of e x t r e m e l y s o p h i s t i c a t e d e l e c t r o n i c
synthesiser c o m p o n e n t s w h i c h makes your computer sound
like a Dalek

STRING u s e d t o a t t a c h a Sinclair R A M p a c k t o a Z X 8 1

Syntax error - " y o u are n a u g h t y , y o u f o r g o t t o declare y o u r

s o f t w a r e r o y a l t i e s t o t h e Inland R e v e n u e "

l/l/lzard S o f t w a r e

SPECTRUM C R I C K E T — 48K 5.45

BUFFER
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Play either lest match or limited over cricket Select your
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>
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To Advertise O
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M E G A T R O N - 16K/48K NEW RELEASE £5.45 our c o m p e t i t o r s m ^
Three all-action games; k e e p o n r u n n i n g w i t h M E G A T R O N . keep o n CO V<_}
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A:, prices inclusive, mail order, cheque or postal oiders lo x
»T
WIZARD SOFTWARE, DEPT. ZX, P.O. BOX 23,
D U N F I R M L I N E , FIFE KY11 5RW Is
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available on mcrodrive cartridge Royalties paid lor machine code v* V.
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Open T u t s Sj:. 10 3 0 a.m. to 5 3 0 p m. ( c l o s e d Monday]

J
Netherwallop
ZX81 SIMULATION

We have printed golf programs in the past, but I

think you'll agree this one from Norman Brooks
of Kent is superb.
N e t h e r w a l l o p Golf Course has 9 • " = " W a t e r - Y o u only en- • " * " Rough - Y o u only en- before. Y o u w i l l not be troubled
holes and is par 3 6 . c o u n t e r this hazard if y o u r ball c o u n t e r r o u g h if y o u r ball ends by the w i n d . If y o u , not only get
Y o u have 1 0 clubs in y o u r ends up in thedrink at the e n d of up in o v e r g r o w t h at the end of its o n the green, but land on the
bag ranging f r o m a No. 1 W o o d its t r a j e c t o r y . Y o u have t o d r o p a t r a j e c t o r y . Your next c l u b is " + " character, then auto-
t o a N o . 9 Sand W e d g e w i t h n e w ball (penalty 1 stroke) and c h o s e n f o r y o u and y o u only matically w h e n the g r e e n screen
y o u r t r u s t y Putter being club No. this will h a p p e n at the nearest have choice of s w i n g and angle. a p p e a r s , y o u w i l l be placed
0. dry spot t o • Bunker - On i m p a c t closer t o t h e hole — or if y o u are
T h e g a m e uses the score the W e s t . your ball s t o p s dead. You c a n really lucky y o u m a y " h o l e o u t "
c a r d as a m e n u screen and by only use y o u r Sand W e d g e t o a n d not need t o p u t t !
pressing " N " y o u w i l l m o v e on get out and y o u r s w i n g is chosen A f t e r a SUNK PUTT y o u will
m o v e o n t h r o u g h each hole in f o r y o u . You can c h o o s e y o u r a u t o m a t i c a l l y return t o the score
t u r n . For e a c h h o l e , w h e n angle of exit. c a r d a n d w i l l see h o w m a n y
displayed, y o u w i l l see the hole • Out Of Bounds — Going i n t o s t r o k e s y o u took on t h a t hole.
no., the distance a n d par in a box the black line surrounding the M y course ' b e s t ever' is a
at the t o p left of the screen, take course puts y o u out of b o u n d s . " o n e under p a r " 3 5 — beat
care t o note the distance as all Y o u m u s t d r o p a n e w ball (penal- that!
holes look the s a m e size o n t h e t y 1 stroke) w h e r e the old one
screen but t h e flight of the ball is w a s lost t o c o n t i n u e . Program notes.
scaled t o m a t c h the distance
f r o m tee t o green. C h o o s n g a Once y o u have reached the L O A D the p r o g r a m a n d then
No. 1 W o o d on a 1 5 0 y a r d hole green, the screen changes to RUN t o get s t a r t e d .
w i l l t h r o w y o u Out of Bounds s h o w t h e g r e e n o n l y . Your ball is I have needed t o e m p l o y
easily! s h o w n as an " 0 " and the hole is ' S h o e - h o r n ' m e t h o d s t o get the
Y o u are first a s k e d w h i c h an " i n v e r s e 0 " . Y o u only use p r o g r a m i n t o 1 6 K i n v o l v i n g (a)
c l u b y o u w i s h t o use (enter 1 t o your p u t t e r n o w but y o u can r e m o v i n g all REM s t a t e m e n t s
9 or 0 ) a n d , d e p e n d e n t o n your choose a putting strength f r o m a n d (b) c o n v e r t i n g n u m b e r s t o
choice, the computer will 1 t o 2 0 a n d a p u t t i n g angle as V A L 'numbers' to conserve
recognise the maximum m e m o r y . T h e missing REM lines
distance the ball can travel w h e n w o u l d read:
hit w i t h that c l u b .
Secondly y o u are a s k e d w h a t
s w i n g y o u w i s h t o e m p l o y (enter
Nos. 1 t o 4 ) C h o o s i n g 4 w i l l
identify a full b l o o d e d s w i n g a n d
the ball w i l l t r a v e l t h e m a x i m u m
distance. No. 3 selects a %
s w i n g a n d the ball w i l l travel V*
of the m a x . d i s t a n c e , a n d so o n
d o w n to 1.
Finally y o u are asked w h a t
direction y o u w i s h t o hit the ball
a n d y o u m u s t enter an angle in
degrees, c l o c k w i s e f r o m N o r t h .
(There is a c o m p a s s s h o w n o n
t h e screen). U n f o r t u n a t e l y the
w i n d m a y be b l o w i n g a n d this
can o f f s e t y o u r c h o s e n angle by
up t o + or - 1 5 ° .
A s w i t h all golf courses there
are hazards a n d these are as
follows:

• " T " Trees — On impact your

ball s t o p s dead, y o u r n e x t club is
c h o s e n for y o u and y o u only
have choice of s w i n g and angle.

42
 ZX81 SIMULATION

Line No. Statement variables used

100 Main Program.
2000 Bunker Hazard S(9> Numeric String t o store strokes per hole.
Routine. N No. of hole being played.
2500 Rough Hazard D$ {1 5 , 2 5 ) Character Array of hole being played or green.
Routine. Z(9) Distance scale f o r each hole.
3000 W a t e r Hazard T Total score.
Routine. XI Last X coordinate of golf ball plot.
3500 Tree Hazard VI Last Y coordinate of golf ball plot.
Routine. X2 X coordinate of ball at e n d of last s t r o k e .
4000 Out of Bounds Y2 Y coordinate of ball at end of last s t r o k e .
Routine. X X coordinate of current golf ball plot.
4500 Sunk Putt V Y coordinate of current golf ball plot.
Routine. C No. of c l u b c h o s e n .
5000 Green Routine, D M a x . distance for c l u b s u b s e q u e n t l y m o d i f i e d by
6000 Clear Message swing chosen.
Area. P S w i n g s t r e n g t h c h o s e n or p u t t e r s t r e n g t h w h e n
6100 Print Course. o n green.
6200 Print Green. A Angle of flight subsequently m o d i f i e d by w i n d
6500- Set Up e a c h of 9 factor.
8740 Holes as required. L Conversion of Y coordinate into a PRINT c o o r d .
87 50 Draw Course K Conversion of X coordinate i n t o a PRINT c o o r d .
Boundaries. B1 Y print p o s i t i o n of golf ball on green.
9000 Score Card. B2 X print position of golf ball on green.
9500 Introduction. B3 Last Y print p o s i t i o n of golf ball o n green.
9750 Set Up A r r a y s . B4 Last X print position of golf ball o n green.
B6 X print position of ball onY print position of ball
on green at end of last p u t t .
Line No. Statement 01 Random Y print position of hole on green.
1 00 Main Program. 02 Random X print position of hole on green.
2000 Bunker Hazard Routine.
2500 Rough Hazard Routine.
3000 W a t e r Hazard Routine. 40 GOSUB VAL "9500"
3500 Tree Hazard Routine. 50 GOTO VAL "9000"
4000 Out of Bounds Routine.
4500 Sunk Putt Routine.
105 GOSUB VAL "6000"
5000 Green Routine. 110 PRINT AT 2,10;"WHICH CLUB?
6000 Clear Message A r e a . (0 TO 9)
6100 Print Course.
6200 Print Green.
120 INPUT C
6500-8740 Set Up e a c h of 9 Holes as required. 125 IF C>9 THEN GOTO 120
8750 Draw Course Boundaries. 130 IF NOT C THEN LET D=20
9000 Score Card.
9500 Introduction.
140 IF C>0 AND C< =4 THEN LET D =
9750 Set Up A r r a y s . 270—C*30
150 IF C>4 THEN LET D=220-C*20
155 PRINT AT 2,10;"
";AT 2,10;
160 IF NOT C THEN PRINT "PUTTER
t
170 IF C>0 AND C<=2 THEN PRINT
"NO.";C;" WOOD";
180 IF C>2 AND C<=8 THEN PRINT
"NO.";C;" IRON";
190 IF C>8 THEN PRINT "SAND WED
GE";
195 PRINT " SELECTED"
210 PRINT AT 3,10;"WHAT SWING?
(1 TO 4)
220 INPUT P
225 IF P<1 OR P>4 THEN GOTO 220

255 IF C THEN PRINT AT 3,10;"CH

OICE IS A 11 + ("CHIP SHOT " AND P=
1> + <"1/2 " AND P=2) + <"3/4 " AND
P-3) + ( "FULL" AND P=4> + (" SWING"
AND P>1)
280 IF NOT C THEN PRINT AT 3,10
;"FORCE ";P;" PUTT SELECTED " •

43
 ZX81 SIMULATION

290 LET D=D*P/4 750 LET Y2=Y

310 PRINT AT 4,10;"DEG.CLQCKWIS 754 LET L=15-INT < <Y+0.5>/2>
E FROM GJ? " 755 LET K=1+INT <<X+0.5>/2)
320 INPUT A 756 IF D$(L,K>="^" THEN LET Bl=
322 IF A<0 OR A>360 THEN GOTO 3 1+ INT (RND*15)
20 757 IF D$(L,K)="^" THEN LET B2=
325 PRINT AT 4,10; <" " AND A<10 1+INT (RND*25)
> + <" " AND A<100);A;" DEG. 758 IF D$(L,K>="+" THEN LET Bl=
328 LET R=15-INT <1+30*RND> 11+INT (RND*5)
330 IF R THEN PRINT AT 4,19;"CR 759 IF D$(L,K)="+" THEN LET B2=
OSSWIND"+("+" AND R>0);R;" " 16+INT (RND*5)
331 IF NOT R THEN PRINT AT 4,19 760 IF R O B AND D$<L,K)="^" THE
;"NO CROSSWIND " N GOTO 5000
335 LET A=A+R 765 IF R O B AND D$ <L,K)=" + " THE
345 LET A=A+360*(<-<A>360))+<A< N GOTO 5000
0) ) 770 IF R O 0 AND D$(L,K)="=" THE
350 LET A=PI*A/180 N GOTO 3000
410 LET S(N)=S(N)+1 780 IF R O 0 AND D$(L,K)="*" THE
460 FOR R=0 TO D/Z (N) STEP 2 N GOTO 2500
470 LET X=X2+R*SIN A 990 GOTO VAL 1 0 0 "
480 LET Y=Y2+R*C0S A 2 0 1 0 GOSUB VAL " 6 0 0 0 "
485 IF X< —0.5 OR X>=49.5 OR Y<- 2020 LET X2=X
0.5 OR Y>=29.5 THEN -GOTO 4000 2025 LET Y2=Y
500 UNPLOT X1+8,Y1+2 2030 LET X1 = X
520 LET L—15—INT <<Yl+0.5>/2) 2035 LET Y1 =Y
530 LET K=1+INT <<Xl+0.5)/2) 2040 LET D=40
540 PRINT AT 5+L,3+K;D*<L,K)
2050 PRINT AT 2,10; B U N K E R •SAND
545 PLOT X+8,Y+2
WEDGE ONLY"
550 IF R O B AND D$((15-INT <<Y+
2060 LET P=1+INT <RND*4)
0.5)/2)),(1+INT ((X+0.5)/2)))="T
2070 IF P=2 THEN PRINT AT 3,10
" THEN GOTO 3500
560 IF R O B AND D$((15-INT ( <Y+ YOU CAN ONLY CHIP OUT."
2.5)/2)>,<1+1NT ((X+0.5)/2)> >="S 2080 IF P=3 THEN PRINT AT 3,10
" THEN GOTO 2000 YOU CAN ONLY SLICE OUT"
610 LET X1=X 2090 IF P=1 THEN PRINT AT 3,10
620 LET Y1=Y OH DEAR. ..DREADFUL LIE"
730 NEXT R 2100 IF P=4 THEN PRINT AT 3,10
740 LET X2=X YOU CAN ONLY BLAST OUT"
J5
ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 44
 ZX81 SIMULATION
2490 GOTO VAL "290" 4520 IF D$(B1 ,B2X>"t3" THEN RETU
2510 GOSUB VAL "6000" RN
2600 LET C=4+INT (RND*6) 4530 GOSUB VAL "6000"
2700 PRINT AT 2, 10; "BEEEE-YOUR L 4540 PRINT AT 2,10;"P-| ir"+CHR$
IE IS "+("GOOD" AND C<6)+("FAIR" 4 + " U " + C H R $ 135+CHR* 1 + " PHI I
AND (C>5 AND C<8))+("POOR" AND " + CHR$ 2+"r"+CHR$ 2 + " P "
C>7) 4550 PRINT TAB 10;"U. I ll"+CHR$
2980 PAUSE 150 2+CHR* 4 + " i r . r"ll I I"
2990 GOTO VAL "140" 4560 PRINT TAB 1 0 ; " « J U I "+CHR$
3010 LET S(N)=S<N>+1 2 + " J I % | U I I
3020 GOSUB VAL "6000" 4570 FOR R=1 TO 25
3030 PRINT AT 2,10;"YOU ARE • 4580 PRINT AT 5+B1,3+B2;"H";AT 5
T H E H R T E FT ;TAB 10;"PENALTY - 1 +B1,3+B2;"O"
STROKE ' ;TAB 10;"PUSH N TO DR 4600 NEXT R
OP NEWBALL" 4990 GOTO VAL "9000"
3040 IF INKEY$< >"N" THEN GOTO 30 5040 GOSUB VAL "6200"
40 5045 IF D*(L,K)="H" THEN GOTO 45
3050 UNPLOT X+8,Y+2 30
3130 FOR R=1 TO 20 5047 PRINT AT 10+01,18+02;D$(5+0
3140 LET X=X-2 1,15+02)
3160 LET L=15—INT ((Y+0.5)/2) 5082 PRINT AT 5+B1,3+B2;"0"
3170 LET K=1 +1NT <(X+0.5)/2) 5084 LET B5=B1
3180 IF D$(L,K)=" " THEN GOTO 32 5085 LET B3=B1
00 5086 LET B4=B2
3190 NEXT R 5087 LET B6=B2
3200 LET X2=X 5090 GOSUB VAL "4500"
3210 LET Y2=Y 5095 LET D=20
3220 PLOT X+8,Y+2 5097 GOSUB VAL "6000"
3490 GOTO VAL "100" 5098 PRINT AT 2,10;"S-H -PUTTER
3520 GOSUB VAL "6000" SELECTED "
3580 LET X2=X 5100 PRINT AT 3,10;"STRENGTH? ( 1
3590 LET Y2=Y TO 20)
3600 LET C=5+2*INT <RND*3) 5110 INPUT P
3950 PRINT AT 2,10; M naa3S"YOUR L 5120 LET D=D*P/20
IE IS 5125 IF P<1 OR P>20 THEN GOTO 51
3954 PRINT AT 2,28;("GOOD" AND C 10
=5)+("FAIR" AND C=7)+("POOR" AND 5130 PRINT AT 3,10;"FORCE "+(" "
C=9) AND P<10);P;" PUTT SELECTED"
3960 PAUSE 150 5150 PRINT TAB 10;"DEG.CLOCKWISE
3990 GOTO VAL "150" FROM G3? "
4010 LET S(N)=S(N)+1 5155 INPUT A
4020 GOSUB VAL "6000" 5160 IF A<0 OR A>360 THEN GOTO 5
4050 UNPLOT X1+8,Y1+2 155
4060 LET X=X1 5170 PRINT AT 4,10+(A<100)+(A<10
4070 LET Y=Y1 ) ; A; •DEG. CHOSEN
4080 LET X2=X 5200 IF A<0 THEN LET A=A+360
4090 LET Y2=Y 5210 IF A>360 THEN LET A=A~360
4450 PRINT AT 2,10;"YOU ARE O U T 5220 LET A=PI*A/180
OF BOUNDS 5230 LET S ( N ) = S C > + 1
4460 PRINT AT 3,10;"PENALTY = 1 5250 FOR R=1 Tu D
STROKE " 5260 LET B1=B5-IMT (R*COS A)
4470 PRINT AT 4,10;"PUSH N TO DR 5270 LET B2=B6+INT (R*SIN A)
OP NEWBALL" 5272 IF Bl<1 THEN LET Bl=l
4480 IF INKEY$< >"N" THEN GOTO 40 5274 IF B1>15 THEN LET Bl=15
80 5276 IF B2<1 THEN LET B2=l
4485 PLOT X+8,Y+2 5278 IF B2>25 THEN LET B2=25
4487 PRINT AT 4,10;" 5280 PRINT AT 5+B3,3+B4; " W
»
5290 PRINT AT 5+B1,3+B2;"0"
4490 GOTO VAL "100" 5300 GOSUB VAL "4500"
15
- ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY'MARCH 1 9 8 5 45
 ZX81 SIMULATION
5302 LET B3=B1 7040 NEXT R
5304 LET B4=B2 7050 LET (8,21)="+"
5310 NEXT R 7100 PRINT AT 1,6;7;AT 2,6;3;AT
5320 LET B5=B1 3,5;200
5330 LET B6=B2 71 10 PRINT AT 0,13; "I T H E 5 R N D P I T
5490 GOTO VAL "5095 M
6010 FOR R=2 TO 4 7120 GOSUB VAL "6100"
6020 PRINT AT R,10;" 7130 LET Z(N)=VAL "4.5810871"
•i
7140 RETURN
6030 NEXT R 7260 LET D*(l )='*== ***********
*** "
6040 RETURN
6110 FOR R=1 TO 15 7265 LET <2)=" ===
6120 PRINT AT 5+R,4;D$(R)
6130 NEXT R 7270 LET D*(3>=" = = * * * *
6140 RETURN
6210 FOR R=1 TO 15 7275 LET D$(4)=" = = * *
6220 LET D $ ( R ) = " j
7280 LET D$(5>="
6230 PRINT AT 5+R,4;D$(R) T
6240 NEXT R 7285 LET D$(6)="T
g * "
6250 LET 01=1+INT (RND*5)
6260 LET 02=1+INT <RND*5) 7290 LET D$(7)="TT
6270 LET D$(5+01,15+02)= "H"
6290 RETURN 7295 LET D$<8)="TTT
6510 GOSUB VAL "8500" T **"
6520 FOR R=1 TO 3 7300 LET D$(9)="TTT
**"
6530 LET <1+R,21 TO 24)="
7305 LET
£ **" (10)="TT
6540 LET D$(6+R,17 TO 20)="
7310
ggjj
LET* * *D' •* ( U ) = " T
6550 NEXT R
6560 LET (8,19)="+" 7315 LET D$<12)='
= *****"
6570 PRINT AT 1,6;9;AT 2,6;4;AT
3,5;450 7320 LET D$<13)=
===**»****"
6580 PRINT AT 0, 13; "| T H E H E O T H
7325 LET D$(14)=
6590 GOSUB VAL "6100"
6600 LET Z(N)=VAL "11.271153" 7330 LET D*(15)='
6620 RETURN * * * = s = * * * * * "
6760 GOSUB VAL "7500" 7340 IF N=7 THEN RETURN
6770 FOR R=1 TO 3 7400 PRINT AT l t 6;6;AT 2,6;5;AT
6780 LET D$(10+R,20 TO 23)=" 3,5;530
7410 PRINT AT 0,13; "I T H E S H E E P W q
6790 LET D$(2+R,19 TO 22)="
7420 GOSUB VAL "6100"
6800 NEXT R 7440 LET Z(N)=VAL "10.29563"
6810 LET (4,21)="+" 7450 RETURN
6820 PRINT AT 1,6;8;AT 2,6;4;AT 7510 LET D$<1)="TTTTT********=**
*****=***"
3,5;400
6830 PRINT AT 0,13; "I E « L R C K S W H M P 7515 LET (2)="TTTT********* ==
=====****"
6840 GOSUB VAL "6100" 7520 LET D$<3)="TTT**** **
** *** M
6850 LET Z<N)=VAL "8.2026478'
6860 RETURN 7525 LET D$(4)="TTT** i&
7010 GOSUB VAL "7250"
7020 FOR R=1 TO 3 7530 LET D*<5)="TTT*
7025 LET D$ <1+R,21 TO 24)="
7535 LET D$<6)="TT*
7030 LET D$(6+R,19 TO 22)=" m **"

J5
ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 46
 ZX81 SIMULATION
7540 LET (7)= "TT* 7920 GOSUB VAL "6100"
Mi *" 7940 LET Z(N)=VAL "9.0229126"
7545 LET D$(8)="TT 7950 RETURN
*"
8010 LET (1)="************
7550 LET D$(9)="T TTTT"
T" 8015 LET D$<2) = '•*****
7555 LET D$(10)="T TTTT ===== TT"
T" 8020 LET D$ <3)="***
7560 LET D*(LL)=" TTTTTTT
M H U f l M y * n r a |
===== J T "
wwwra I 8025 LET D$(4)="**
7565 LET D*<12)=" TTTTTTTTT == J "
m mm-m T M
8030 LET (5)="** =====
7570 LET D*<13)=" TTTTTTTTTTT == T"
T "
8035 LET D$(6)="** ==
7575 LET D$(14>=" TTTTTTTTTTTT ii
T T " .
8040 LET (7)= "* ===
7580 LET D*<15)=" TTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTTTTTTT"
8045 LET (8 > = " *
7590 IF N=8 THEN RETURN ti
7600 PRINT AT 1 , 6 ; 5 ; A T 2 , 6 ; 4 ; A T
8050 LET D$(9)="*
3 , 5 ; 3 B 0
7610 PRINT AT 0 , 1 3 ; " GUCK0 0 WOOD
8055 LET D$(10)—*

7620 GQSUB VAL "6100"

8060 LET D$<11)= * =S=
7640 LET Z(N)=VAL "8.7223898"
===== T"
7650 RETURN
8065 LET (12)=
7760 LET D$<1)="
= = = T "
7765 LET D$<2)=" T T 8070 LET D$(13)=
==== TT"
7770 LET DS<3)=" T T T 8075 LET D$(14)=
J VK&fl&Kt " TTT"
7775 LET D$<4)=" TT« 8080 LET D$<15>='
"+CHR* 4+" T TTTTTTT"
7780 LET D$(5)=" T I X 8090 PRINT AT 1 , 6 ; 3 ; A T 2 , 6 ; 3 ; A T
3 , 5 ; 1 5 0
7785 LET D$(6)=" T T T" + 8100 PRINT AT 0 , 1 3 ; "| 8 H H 6 0 0 I 5 L R
CHR$ 135+"BR'+CHR$ 4+"T
7790 LET D*<7)=" TTT
8200 GOSUB VAL "6100"
TTT *"
8210 LET Z(N)=VAL "3.7665147"
7795 LET D$(8)=" T
8240 RETURN
8260 LET D$(L)=" * * * * *
7800 LET D$<9)=" T T

8265 LET D$(2)=" * * * * *

7805 LET (10)="*** T
T T T
8270 LET D$<3)=" * * * * *
7810 LET D*(LL)="****
* * * * •• T "
8275 LET D*(4)=" * * * * * T
7815 LET D$ (12) ="»****
****" m
8280 LET D$<5)=" * * * * * m
7820 LET D$<13)=" ****
*****" S T "
8285 LET D$<6)=" * * * * *
7825 LET D*<14)=" ***
*****" it

8290 LET D$<7)=" * * * * *

7830 LET D$(15)=" ***
******" T "
8295 LET D$(8)=" * * * * *
7900 PRINT AT 1 , 6 ; 4 ; A T 2 , 6 ; 4 ; A T
3,5;440
8300 LET D*(9)=" * * * * *
7910 PRINT AT 0 , 1 3 ; " EHGLE ROCK
T "

J5 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 47
 ZX81 SIMULATION
8305 LET D$<10)=" * * * * * 8760 PRINT "I I"
8770 PRINT HOLE . I"
8310 LET D$(ll)=" * * * * * 8780 PRINT"|PAR
jg j " 8790 PRINT YDS |"
8315 LET D$ (12)=" * * * * * T - 8800 PRINT"I , I"
8810 PRINTTAB 3;CHR$ 135+V
8320 LET D$<13)=" * * * * * T "+CHR$ 4
T " 8820 FOR R=1 TO 15
8325 LET D$<14)=" * * * * * 8830 PRINT TAB 3;"|";TAB 29; "I "
T T T - 8840 NEXT R
8330 LET D*<15)=" * * * * * 8850 PRINT TAB 3;CHR$ .2+"
—• "+CHR$ 1
8400 PRINT AT 1,6;2;AT 2,6;4;AT 8860 PRINT AT 20,0;"TEE"
3,5; 370 8870 PRINT AT 11,1; "(2"; AT 12,0;"
8410 PRINT AT 0,13; " n n S B l E S S I W+E";AT 13,1;"S"
8980 GOSUB VAL "(8750-250*N)"
8420 GOSUB VAL "6100" . 8990 GOTO VAL "100"
9010 CLS
8440 LET Z(N)=VAL "8.4750111" 90
8450 RETURN 0 ^ ^ J ^ . J ® : 0J " "'1 * '1' * !1:1 * j
8510 LET D*(l >=''******* TTTTTTTT TPUM
j » 9040 PRINT TAB 21;"YDS PAR OUT"
9050 PRINT " 1. RABBIT WARREN
8515 LET D$(2)="**** TTTTTT 500 5"
WWM " 9052 PRINT
8520 LET D$<3)="** 9055 PRINT " 2. THE HEDGES
" 370 4"
8525 LET D$<4)="* 9057 PRINT
sm m m M " 9060 print " 3. bamboo island
8530 LET D$<5)="* T 150 3"
9062 PRINT
8535 LET D$(6)=" TTT 9065 PRINT " 4. EAGLE ROCK
ggg »» 440 4"
8540 LET D$(7)=" T TT" 9067 PRINT
9070 PRINT " 5. CUCKOO WOODS
8545 LET D$<8>=" TTTT 380 4"
*" 9072 PRINT
8547 LET D$<9)=" TT 9075 PRINT " 6. THE SHEEPWASH
**" 530 5"
8550 LET D$(10)=" 9077 PRINT
****" 9080 PRINT " 7. THE SANDPIT
8555 LET D$(11)=" === 200 3"
*********" 9082 PRINT
8560 LET D$(12)=" ===== *** 9084 PRINT " 8. BLACK SWAMP
**********" 400 4"
8565 LET D$<13)=" === ****** 9086 PRINT
*********** 9088 PRINT " 9. THE HEATH
8570 LET (14)=" ********* 450 4"
**********" 9095 PRINT TAB 25;"— ";TAB 1
8575 LET D*<15)=" ********** 8; "OKSHDB 36"; TAB 25;" "
**********" 9105 FOR R=1 TO 9
8577 IF N=9 THEN RETURN 9110 PRINT AT 2*R,29+(S(R)<10);S
8580 PRINT AT 1,6;1;AT 2,6;5;AT <R)
3,5;500 9120 NEXT R
8590 PRINT AT 0, 13; "•amEEMKEEB 9125 LET T=0
mm" 9130 FOR R= 1 TO 9
8600 GOSUB VAL "6100" 9140 LET T=T+S(R)
8630 LET Z(N)=VAL "9.7128586" 9150 NEXT R
8740 RETURN 9165 PRINT AT 20,28+(T<100)+<T<1
8755 CLS 0) ; T
48 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985 Z
 ZX81 SIMULATION
9170 LET N=N+1 9580 PRINT TAB 2;2;TAB 6;"NO.2 W
9172 IF N=10 THEN PRINT AT 21,0; OOD";TAB 18;7;TAB 22;"NO.7 IRON"
"GAME COMPLETE.
9173 IF N=10 THEN STOP 9590 PRINT TAB 2;3;TAB 6;"NO.3 I
9175 PRINT AT 21,0;"PUSH 'N' RON";TAB 18;8;TAB 22;"NO.8 IRON"
OR NEXT HOLE."
9180 IF INKEY$<>"N" THEN GOTO VA 9600 PRINT TAB 2;4;TAB 6;"NO.4 I
L "9180" RON";TAB IB;9;TAB 22;"SAND WEDGE
X 1=0 II

Y 1 =0 9610 PRINT TAB 2;5;TAB 6;"NO.5 I

X2= 1 RON";TAB 18;0;TAB 22;"PUTTER"
Y2=l 9620 PRINT
VAL 8750" 9630 PRINT "WE HAVE NINE HOLES F
PRINT AT 0,0;" NE T H E R H H L OR YOU (DETAILS ON SCORE CA
GOLF COURSE " RD LATER)"
PRINT 9650 PRINT
PRINT TAB 10;"BY N.BROOKS" 9710 PRINT "PAR FOR COURSE IS 36
PRINT . GOOD LUCK.(PUSH ANY KEY TO STA
PRINT "WELCOME. ... YOU HAVE RT. ) "
10 CLUBS...."
9540 PRINT 9730 PAUSE 4E4
9550 PRINT TAB 1;"CODE";TAB 9;"C 9760 DIM S(9)
LUB";TAB 17;"CODE";TAB 25;"CLUB" 9770 LET N=0
9780 DIM D$(15,25)
9570 PRINT TAB 2;1;TAB 6;"N0.1 W 9790 DIM Z(9)
OOD";TAB 18;6;TAB 22;"NO.6 IRON" 9990 RETURN

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If an advertisement is wrong, we're here to put it right.
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J5 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 49
 U"

vN

REWRITE THE HIGH SCORE TABLES

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Of PT ZX
 Play against the computer in this version of the
popular game programmed by
Philip Jennings of
Birmingham.

A l t h o u g h this program w a s 1,2 or 3 t o

designed for the expanded
Z X 8 1 , w i t h only a slight
y o u w i s h to go first, before being
o f f e r e d the choice of the three
Program notes determine the
d i f f i c u l t y level.
m o d i f i c a t i o n the p r o g r a m w i l l d i f f i c u l t y levels. This, incidently, N$ Dimensioned array A$ t o G$ These hold the
run c o m f o r t a b l y on a S p e c t r u m , is w h e r e the main g a m e loop holding every positions of pieces in
The g a m e is based on t h e returns t o , so that the d i f f i c u l t y c o m b i n a t i o n of t h e c o l u m n s A t o G.
c o m m e r c i a l l y available g a m e for level c a n be altered b e f o r e each w i n n i n g line. J,K General purpose.
t w o players taking alternate g a m e . T h e p l a y i n g a r e a is Y$ T h e value of w h i c h , I$ The selected
goes in an a t t e m p t t o get f o u r of printed o n the screen, 6 r o w s of either 1 or 2 c o l u m n , A to G or 0 .
their o w n c o u n t e r s in a r o w , and 7 c o l u m n s , labelled A — G. determines w h o s e L$ T h e playing piece.
at the same time t r y i n g t o pre- Selecting one of the c o l u m n s t u r n it is. J$ The selected c o l u m n
v e n t the o p p o n e n t achieving the w i l l cause your piece, either a 01 S 1 , S2 T h e scores for t h e string is copied into
same! H o w e v e r , being a c o m - or d e p e n d i n g o n w h o s e go it players. J$ , the piece held in
puter, t h e Z X 8 1 c a n g o one bet- is, t o fall i n t o place. Your object A-F Represent the L$ is added and J$
ter. N o w y o u c a n play w i t h no — t o achieve a tine, either ver- numbers 1 -6. is returned t o the
other o p p o n e n t but your f a i t h f u l tical, diagonal or horizontal, of Included not so selected c o l u m n
ZX friend, and even c h o o s e one f o u r y o u r o w n pieces before m u c h for memory string.
of three d i f f i c u l t y levels. If y o u your o p p o n e n t can do the same. savers but t o help Z The first n u m b e r of
insist on being c o n v e n t i o n a l , the Facilities are included for recor- the p r o g r a m run just J$ w h i c h is not a
p r o g r a m also has the standard ding the n u m b e r of w i n s f o r each a little bit faster. space.
t w o player version built in. player, a n d as a n a d d e d b o n u s , if P$ The n u m b e r of R Simply change value
A f t e r loading, y o u are asked y o u are playing against the com- players, 1 or 2 t o indicate a w i n n i n g
f o r the number of players. T o p u t e r , and it is your g o , by press- S$ Used in s e t t i n g up line.
this y o u m u s t respond by enter- ing 0 (zero), the c o m p u t e r w i l l initially t o determine Q$ Holds lines for
ing 1 or 2 . I f ! is pressed, y o u are take your go and play against w h o is g o i n g t o c o m p a r i s o n t o assist
asked to c h o o s e w h e t h e r or not itself! start. the c o m p u t e r t o

52 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985 Z

 ZX81 CAME
m a k e its m o v e . into t h e original string. W i t h this 310 FOR J=C TO 16
Q A f o r - n e x t loop additional piece, all 6 9 possible 320 FOR K=8 TO 22 STEP B
w h i c h governs h o w w i n n i n g lines are re-entered in
t h o r o u g h l y the N$ This is c h e c k e d for a w i n n i n g 330 PRINT AT J,K;"S"
computer checks. line, a n d if f o u n d , R assumes the 340 NEXT K
T h e upper limit of Q value of 1. If no w i n n i n g line is 350 NEXT J
is d e t e r m i n e d by H$ . f o u n d t h e n Y$ a s s u m e s a n e w
value, a n d the FOR-NEXT Q loop 360 FOR J=D TO 16 STEP B
The seven c o l u m n s , A t o G, are is visited t o decide the best 370 FOR K=9 TO 21 STEP B
stored in A$ t o G $ , t h e s e m o v e for the c o m p u t e r . If there
are t w o players, this loop is not
380 PRINT AT J ,K;
originally consist of 6 spaces
and an inverse space. The value visited. 390 NEXT K
of Y$ and P$ is c h e c k e d t o 400 NEXT J
determine w h o plays. A check is
made t o ensure that not all
Playing Hint 410 PRINT TAB 9;"A B C D E F G"
columns are full, (ie a d r a w l . T h e c o m p u t e r s priority is its ;TAB 23;" OR 0" AND P$="l"
A f t e r a c o l u m n is selected, a o w n w i n n i n g line. If it cannot 420 PRINT AT 8,0;"PLAYER 1";TAB
check is m a d e t o see if the 0 key f i n d one it w i l l endeavour to 23;"COMPUTER" AND P$="1";"PLAYE
was selected, in w h i c h case the block y o u r p o t e n t i a l w i n n i n g
program j u m p s straight into the line, thus y o u can only w i n by R 2" AND P$="2";TAB 4;S1;TAB 28;
computer playing routine. tactically g e t t i n g t w o potential S2
If a c o l u m n is c h o s e n , the t o p w i n n i n g lines in the same go. Of
of the c o l u m n is c h e c k e d t o course, y o u c a n t r u s t t o luck, as
430 IF "1" THEN GOTO 460
make sure that it is e m p t y . The the c o m p u t e r w i l l occasionally 440 IF P$="2" THEN GOTO 480
information already c o n t a i n e d in m a k e a r a n d o m m o v e if it can 450 IF Y$="2" THEN GOTO 1860
the c o l u m n is copied into J $ , f i n d no other that it considers
adjusted so that it c o n t a i n s the suitable. 460 PRINT AT 20,0;"PLAYER ONE T
additional piece, and re-copied O PLAY"
470 GOTO 490
10 DIM < 69,4 > 480 PRINT AT 20,0;"PLAYER TWO T
20 LET Y$="1" 0 PLAY"
30 LET S1=0 485 SLOW
35 LET 1$="" 490 IF A$(A><>" " AND B$<A><>"
40 LET S2=S1 " AND (A)< >" " AND D*(A><>" "
50 LET A=1 AND E$(A)<>" " AND F$(A><>" " AN
60 LET B=A+A D G$(A><>" " THEN GOTO 4700
70 LET C=B+A 495 IF P$="l" AND <K=1 OR Y$="2
80 LET D=C+A ") THEN GOTO 560
90 LET E=D+A 500 PRINT AT 19,9;"SELECT COLUM
100 LET F=E+A N"
110 PRINT "SELECT NUMBER OF PLA 510 LET I*=INKEY$
YERS",,,"1 OR 2" 515 SLOW
120 LET P$=INKEY$ 520 IF I$="0" AND P$<>"2" THEN
130 IF P$="2" THEN GOTO 230 GOTO 1860
140 IF P$<>"1" THEN GOTO 120 530 IF I*<CHR* 38 OR I*>CHR$ 44
150 PRINT ,,"DO YOU WANT TO STA THEN GOTO 510
RT? <Y/N>" 540 GOSUB 560
160 LET S$=INKEY$ 550 GOTO 510
170 IF S$="Y" THEN GOTO 200 560 IF I$="A" AND A$<1)<>" " TH
180 IF S$<>"N" THEN GOTO 160 EN RETURN
190 LET Y$="2" 570 IF I$="A" AND A$(l><>" " TH
200 PRINT ,,"SELECT LEVEL OF DI EN RETURN
FFICULTY",,,"1, 2 OR 3" 580 IF I$="B" AND B*<1><>" " TH
205 SLOW EN RETURN
210 LET H$=INKEY$ 590 IF I$="C" AND W ( l ) < > " " TH
220 IF H$<CHR$ 29 OR H$>CHR$ 31 EN RETURN
THEN GOTO 210 600 IF I$="D" AND D$(l><>" " TH
230 LET A$=" •" EN RETURN
235 LET R=0 610 IF I*="E" AND E$<1)<>" " TH
240 LET B*=A$ EN RETURN
250 LET Cf=A$ 620 IF I^="F" AND F$(l)<>" "" TH
260 LET D$=A$ EN RETURN
270 LET E$=A* 630 IF I^="G" AND G*(l><>" " TH
280 LET F$=A$ EN RETURN
290 LET G$=A$ 640 LET L$="0"
300 CLS 650 IF Y$="1" THEN LET L^="*"

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 53
 ZX81 CAME
660 IF "A" THEN LET J$=A$ )+E$(B)
670 IF I$="B" THEN LET J$=B$ 1150 LET M(30)=B$(C)+C*(C)+ D$(C
680 IF THEN LET J$=C* )+E$(C)
690 IF I$="D" THEN LET 1160 LET N $ ( 3 1 ) = B $ ( D ) ( D ) + D $ ( D
700 IF I^="E" THEN LET )+£$(D)
705 IF I$="F" THEN LET 1170 LET N*(32)=B$(E)+C$(E)+D$(E
710 IF I*="G" THEN LET. J*=G$ )+E*(E)
720 FOR Z=1 TO 7 1180 LET N $ ( 3 3 ) = B $ ( F ) ( F ) ( F
730 IF J^(Z)<>" " THEN GOTO )+E$(F)
1190 LET N $ ( 3 4 ) = C $ ( A ) ( A ) + E $ ( A
740 NEXT Z )+F$(A)
750 LET 1) = L $ 1200 LET N * ( 3 5 ) =C$ (B) +D$ (B) + E $ (B
760 LET R=0 )+F*(B)
770 IF Y^="L" OR < Y $ = M :2" AND 1210 LET N$(36)=C$(C)+ D$(C)+E$(C
="2") THEN GOTO 1590 )+F*(C)

780 FAST 1220 LET N$ ( 3 7 ) (D)+D$(D)-+-E$(D

790 IF I*="A" THEN LET A$=J$ )+F$(D)

800 IF I$="B" THEN LET B*=J$ 1230 LET N$ ( 3 8 ) = C $ ( E ) +D$ ( E ) + E $ ( E

810 IF THEN LET C$=J$ )+F$(E)

820 IF I$="D" THEN LET D$=J$ 1240 LET N $ ( 3 9 ) = C S ( F ) + D $ ( F ) + E $ (F

830 IF I*="E" THEN LET E*=JS )+F$(F)

840 IF I$="F" THEN LET FS=Jt 1250 LET N$(40)=D$(A)+E$(A)+F$(A

850 IF THEN LET GS=J$ )+G*(A)

860 LET TO D) 1260 LET N$ ( 4 1 ) = D $ ( B ) + E $ ( B ) + F $ ( B

N$ < 1 ) = A $ (A
870 LET TO D) )+G$(B)
N$(2)=B$(A
880 LET TO D) 1270 LET
N$(3)=C$(A N$(42)=D$(C)+E$(C)+F$(C
890 LET TO D) )+G$(C)
N$ < 4 ) = D $ ( A
900 LET TO D) 1280 LET
N$(5)=E$ (A N*(43)= D$(D)+E$(D)+F$(D
910 LET TO D) )+G$(D)
N $ ( 6 ) = F $ (A
920 LET TO 1290 LET
N $ ( 7 ) = G $ (A D) NT(44)=D$(E)+E$(E)+F*(E
930 LET TO )+G*(E)
N $ ( 8 ) = A $ (B E)
940 LET TO 1300 LET
N$ ( 9 ) = B $ (B E) NS ( 4 5 ) = D$ ( F ) + E $ ( F ) + F $ (F
950 LET TO )+G*(F)
N $ ( 1 0 ) = C $ (B E)
960 LET TO 1310 LET
N $ ( 1 1 ) = D $ (B E) N*(46)= D$(A)+ E$(B)+F$(C
)+G$(D)
970 LET N $ ( 1 2 ) = E $ < B TO E)
LET 1320 LET
980 N $ ( 1 3 ) - F T ( B TO E) NS(47)=D*(B)+E$(C)+F$(D
990 LET TO )+G$(E)
N $ ( 1 4 ) = G $ (B E)
1000 LET TO 1330 LET
N$(15)=A$(C F) N$ ( 4 8 ) = D* (C) + E $ (D) + F $ (E
1010 LET TO )+G$(F)
N$(16)=B*(C F)
1020 LET TO 1340 LET
N$(17)=C$(C F) N * ( 4 9 ) ( A ) ( B ) ( C
1030 LET TO )+F$(D)
N$ < 1 8 ) = D $ ( C F)
1040 LET TO 1350 LET
N$(19)=E$(C F) N S ( 5 0 ) - C $ ( B ) ( C ) + E $ ( D
1050 LET TO )+F*(E)
N$(20)=F$(C F)
1060 LET TO 1360 LET
N*(21)=G*(C F) ( 5 1 ) ( C ) + D $ ( D ) + E $ ( E
1070 LET )+F$(F)
N*(22)=A$(A)+B$(A)+C$(A
1370 LET
)+D$(A) N S ( 5 2 ) = B $ ( A ) ( B ) + D $ ( C
)+E$(D)
1080 LET N $ ( 2 3 ) = A $ ( B ) + B $ ( B ) ( B
1380 LET
)+D$(B)
)+E$(E)
N-F (53) =B$ (B) (C) +D* (D
1090 LET N$(24)=A$(C)+B$(C)+C$(C 1390 LET
)+D$(C) N* (54) =B$ (C) (D) +D$ (E
)+E$(F)
1100 LET N $ ( 2 5 ) = A $ ( D ) + B $ ( D ) + C $ (D 1400 LET
)+D*(D) )+D$(D) ( 5 5 ) = A $ ( A ) + B $ ( B ) ( C
1110 LET N $ ( 2 6 ) =A$ (E) + B $ ( E ) +C* (E 1410 LET
)+D$(E) )+D*(F.) N*(56)=A$(B)+B$iC)+C$(D
1120 LET N$(27)=A$(F)+B$(F)+C$(F 1420 LET
)+D$(F) )+D$(F) N * ( 5 7 ) ( C ) ( D ) ( E
1130 LET N $ ( 2 8 ) = B $ ( A ) + C $ ( A ) + D $ (A 1430 LET
>+E$(A) ) ( A ) ( 5 8 ) =A$ (D) (C) (B
1140 LET N $ ( 2 9 ) = B $ ( B ) + C $ ( B ) + D $ (B

54 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985 54

 ZX81 GAME
1440 LET (59)=A$(E)+ B$(D)+C$(C 1775 CLS
)+D$(B) 1780 IF P$="2" THEN GOTO 230
1450 LET (60)=A$(F)+B$(E)(D 1790 GOTO 200
)+D$(C) 1800 IF R=1 THEN GOTO 1650
1460 LET N$(61)=B$(D)+C$(C)+ D$(B 1810 IF Y*="l" THEN GOTO 1840
)+E$(A) 1820 LET Y$="l"
1470 LET (62)=B$(E)+C$(D)+ D$(C 1830 GOTO 430
)+E$(B) 1840 LET Y$="2"
1480 LET N $ ( 6 3 ) ( F ) + C $ ( E ) + D $ ( D 1850 GOTO 430
)+E$(C) 1860 DIM (4,4)
1490 LET N$(64)=C$(D)+D$(C> +E$(B 1865 IF I$="0" THEN LET K=1
)+FS(A) 1870 FAST
1500 LET N$ (65) =C-$ (E) (D) +E$ (C 1880 FOR Q=1 TO VAL H$*2
)+F$(B) 1890 IF I$="0" THEN GOTO 1930
1510 LET N$(66)=C$(F)+D$(E)+E$(D 1900 IF Q=1 OR Q=4 OR Q=6 THEN L
)+F$(C) ET L$="0"
1520 LET N $ ( 6 7 ) = D $ ( D ) ( C ) + F $ (B 1910 IF Q=2 OR Q-3 OR Q=5 THEN L
)+G$(A) ET
1530 LET N$(68)=D$(E)+E*(D)+F$(C 1920 GOTO 1950
)+G$(B) 1930 IF Q—1 OR Q=4 OR 0=6 THEN L
1540 LET N$ (69) (F) +E$ (E) +F$ (D ET L$="*"
>+G*(C) 1940 IF Q=2 OR Q=3 OR Q=5 THEN L
1550 FOR J=1 TO 69 ET L$="0"
1560 IF (J)=L$+L$+L$+L$ THEN L 1950 IF Q>2 THEN GOTO 2050
ET R= 1 2010 LET Q$(A)=" "+L$+L$+L$
1570 NEXT J 2020 LET Q$(B)=L$+" "+L*+L$
1580 IF Y$="l" OR P$="2" THEN GO 2030 LET Q$(C)=L$+L$+" "+LS
TO 1800 2040 LET (D)=L$+L$+L$+" "
1590 SLOW 2050 IF Q<3 THEN GOTO 2140
1595 FOR J=1 TO 5 2060 LET Q$ <A)= " "+L$+" "+L$
1596 NEXT J 2070 LET Q*(B)=L$+" "+L$+" "
1600 FOR 1=1 TO Z-l 2080 LET Qt (C)=L$+L$+" " + " "
1610 FRINT AT I*2+1,7+(CODE I$-3 2085 LET Q$(D)=" "+L$+L$+" "
7) *2; " "; AT I*2+3,7+(CODE I*-37) 2090 IF Q<5 THEN GOTO 2140
*2; L* 2100 LET Q$(A)=" "+L*+" "+" "
1620 NEXT I 2110 LET Q$(B)=" " + " "+L*+" "
1622 LET K=0 2120 LET G$(C)=" "+" "+" "+L$
1624 FOR J=1 TO 5 2130 LET Q*(D)=" "+" "+L$+" "
1625 NEXT J 2140 IF N$(A)=Q$(A) OR N$(8)=Q$(
1630 IF Y$="l" THEN GOTO 780 A) OR N$(15)= Q£(A) THEN GOTO 400
1635 IF P$="2" THEN GOTO 780 0
1640 GOTO 1800 2150 IF A$(B><>" " AND (N*(22)=Q
1650 SLOW $(A) OR N$(55)-0$(A)) THEN GOTO
1655 IF Y$="1" THEN GOTO 1730 4000
1660 PRINT AT 20,0;"COMPUTER WIN 2160 IF A$(C)<>" " AND (N$(23)=Q
S $(A) OR m ( 5 6 ) = Q $ ( A ) ) THEN GOTO
1670 IF P$="2" THEN GOTO 1690 4000
1680 GOTO 1700 2170 IF A*(D)<>" " AND (N$(24)=G
1690 PRINT AT 20,0;"PLAYER TWO W *(A) OR Nf (57) =G)$ (A) ) THEN GOTO
INS 4000
1700 LET S2=S2+1 2180 IF A$<E)<>" " AND (N$(25)=Q
1710 LET Y$="l" $ (A) OR N$(58)=Q$(A)) THEN GOTO
1720 GOTO 1760 4000
1730 PRINT AT 20,0;"PLAYER ONE W 2190 IF A$(F><>" " AND (N*(26)=Q
INS *(A) OR N$(59)=Q*(A)) THEN GOTO
1740 LET S1=S1+1 4000
1750 LET Y$="2" 2200 IF N$(27)=Q$(A) OR N$(60)=Q
1760 FOR J=1 TO 100 $(A) THEN GOTO 4000
1770 NEXT J 2210 IF N$(B)=Q$(A) OR N$<9)=Q$(

- ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 55
 ZX81 CAME
A) OR (16)=Q$(A) THEN GOTO 410 2420 IF N$(E)=Q$(A) OR N$(12)=Q$
0 (A) OR N$(19)=Q$(A) THEN GOTO 44
2220 IF B$(B)<>" " AND (N$(28)=Q 00
*(A) OR N $ ( 5 2 ) ( A ) ) THEN GOTO 2430 IF N$(F)=Q$(A) OR N$(13>=Q$
4100 (A) OR N$(20>=Q$(A) THEN GOTO 45
2230 IF B$(C)<>" " AND (N$(29)=Q 00
$(A) OR N$(53)=Q$(A)) THEN GOTO 2440 IF N$(7)=Qf(A) OR N$(14)=Q$
4100 (A) OR N$(21)=Q$(A) THEN GOTO 46
2240 IF B $ ( D K > " " AND *<N$(30)=Q 00
*(A) OR N$(54)=Q$(A)) THEN GOTO 2450 IF B$(B><>" " AND (N$(22)=Q
4100 $(B) OR N$(55)=Q$(B)) THEN GOTO
2250 IF B$(E)< >" " AND <N$(31)=G 4100
$(A) OR N$(61)=Q$(A)) THEN GOTO 2460 IF B$(C)<>" " AND (N$(23)=Q
4100 %(B) OR N$(55)=Q$(B)) THEN GOTO
2260 IF B*(F)<>" " AND (N$(32)=Q 4100
$ (A) OR N$ (62)=Q* (A) ) THEN GOTO 2470 IF B$(D><>" " AND (N$(24)=Q
4100 $(B) OR m < 5 6 ) = Q $ ( B ) ) THEN GOTO
2270 IF N$(33)=Q*(A) OR N$(63)=G 4100
$ (A) THEN GOTO 4100 2480 IF B$<E><>" " AND (N$(25)=Q
2280 IF N$(C)=Q$(A) OR N$(10)=Q* *(B) OR N$(57)=Q$(B)) THEN GOTO
(A) OR N$(17)=Q$(A> THEN GOTO 42 4100
00 2490 IF B*(F)<>" " AND (N$(26)=Q
2290 IF C*(B)<>" " AND (N$(34)=Q $(B) OR Nt(60)=Q$(B)) THEN GOTO
$ (A) OR N $ ( 4 9 ) ( A ) ) THEN GOTO 4100
4200 2500 IF N$(27)=Q$(B) THEN GOTO 4
2300 IF C$(C)<>" " AND (N*(35)=Q 100
$ (A) OR N$(50)=Q$(A)) THEN GOTO 2510 IF C$(B)<>" " AND N$(28)=Q|-
4200 (B) THEN GOTO 4200
2310 IF C$(D)<>" " AND (N*(36)=Q 2520 IF C$(C)<>" " AND (N$(29>=Q
*(A> OR N $ ( 5 1 ) ( A ) ) THEN GOTO $(B> OR N^(52)=Q$(B)) THEN GOTO
4200 4200
2320 IF C$(E)< >" " AND (N$(37)=Q 2530 IF C$(D)<>" " AND <N$(30)=Q
$(A) OR N$(64)=Q$(A)) THEN GOTO $(B) OR N$(61)=Q$(B)) THEN GOTO
4200 4200
2330 IF C$(F)<>" " AND <N$(38)=G 2540 IF (E)< >" " AND (N$(31)=Q
$(A) OR N$(65)=Q$(A)) THEN GOTO *(B) OR N*(62)=Q$(B)) THEN GOTO
4200 4200
2340 IF N$(39)=Q*(A) OR N$(66)=Q 2550 IF C$(F)<>" " AND (N$(32)=Q
$ (A) THEN GOTO 4200 $ (B) OR N$(63)=G$(B)) THEN GOTO
2350 IF N$(D)=Q$(A> OR N$(11)= Q$ 4200
(A) OR N$(18)=Q$(A) THEN GOTO 43 2560 IF N$(33)=Q*(B) THEN GOTO 4
00 200
2360 IF D$(B)<>" " AND (N*(40)=Q 2570 IF D$(B)<>" " AND N$(34)=Q$
$(A) OR N$(46)=Q$(A)) THEN GOTO (B) THEN GOTO 4300
4300 2580 IF D$(C)<>" " AND <N$(35)=Q
2370 IF D*(C)<>" " AND (N*(41)=Q * ( B ) OR N$(49)=G$(B)) THEN GOTO
$(A) OR N$(47)=Q$(A>) THEN GOTO 4300
4300 2590 IF D$(D><>" " AND (N$(36)=Q
2380 IF D$(D)<>" " AND (N$(42)=Q $(B) OR N $ ( 5 0 ) ( B ) OR N$(64)=G
$(A) OR N*(48)=Q$(A)> THEN GOTO $(B)) THEN GOTO 4300
4300 2600 IF D$(E)<>" " AND (N*(37)=Q
2390 IF D*(E><>" " AND <N$(43)=Q $ < B) OR N*(51)=Q$(B) OR N$(65)=G
$(A) OR m ( 6 7 ) = G $ ( A ) ) THEN GOTO $(B)) THEN GOTO 4300
4300 2610 IF D$(F)<>" " AND (N$(38)=Q
2400 IF D$(F)< >" " AND (N$(44)=Q $(B) OR N$(66)=Q$(B)) THEN GOTO
$(A) OR N$(68)=Q$(A)) THEN GOTO 4300
4300 2620 IF N$(39)=Q$(B) THEN GOTO 4
2410 IF N$(45)=Q*(A) OR N*(69)=Q 300
$(A) THEN GOTO 4300 2630 IF E$(B)< >" " AND N$(40)=G$

56 985 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985 56

 ZX81 CAME
(B) THEN GOTO 4400 • (C) OR N*- (51 > =•• (C) ) THEN GOTO
2640 IF E$(C)< >" " AND (N$(41)=Q 4400
• (B) OR m ( 4 6 ) = Q f < B ) ) THEN GOTO 2860 IF N*(39)=Q^<C) THEN GOTO 4
4400 400
2650 IF E$(D)< >" " AND (N^(42)=Q 2870 IF F ^ ( B X > " " AND N^<40)=O1
• (B) OR N$(47)=Q$(B) OR N^(67)=G (C) THEN GOTO 4500
• (B)) THEN GOTO 4400 2880 IF F^(C)< >" " AND (N^(41)=Q
2660 IF E$(E><>" " AND (N$(43)=Q •(C) OR N ^ ( 6 7 ) ( C ) ) THEN GOTO
• (B) OR N^(48)=Q^(B) OR N$(68)=Q 4500
$(B)) THEN GOTO 4400 2890 IF F^(D)<>" " AND (N^(42)=Q
2670 IF E$<F><>" " AND (N$(44)=Q •(C) OR N^(46)=••(C) OR N$(68)=Q
• (B) OR < 6 9 ) ( B ) ) THEN GOTO •(C)) THEN GOTO 4500
4400 2900 IF F^(E)<>" " AND (N^(43)=Q
2680 IF N$(45)=Q$<B> THEN GOTO 4 •(C) OR N^(47)=£)•(C) OR N^(69)=0
400 •(C)) THEN GOTO 4500
2690 IF C$(B><>" " AND N$(22)=Q-f 2910 IF F^(F)<>" " AND (N^(44)=0
<C) THEN GOTO 4200 •(C) OR N ^ ( 4 8 ) ( C ) ) THEN GOTO
2700 IF C$(C><>" " AND (N^(23)=Q 4500
• (C) OR N$(58>=Q$<C>) THEN GOTO 2920 IF N^(45)=Q^(C) THEN GOTO 4
4200 500
2710 IF C$(D)< >" " AND (N^(24)=Q 2930 IF D^(B)<>" " AND (N^(22)=Q
• (C) OR N $ ( 5 9 ) < C ) ) THEN GOTO •(D) OR N ^ ( 5 8 ) ( D ) ) THEN GOTO
4200 4300
2720 IF <E)< >" " AND (N$(25)=Q 2940 IF D^(C)<>" " AND (N^(23)=Q
• (C) OR (56)=0$(C) OR N$(60)=Q •(D) OR N ^ ( 5 9 ) ( D ) ) THEN GOTO
• <C>) THEN GOTO 4200 4300
2730 IF C$<F><>" " AND <N$(26)=Q 2950 IF D^(D)<>" " AND (N^(24)=Q
• (C) OR m ( 5 7 ) = Q $ < C > ) THEN GOTO •(D) OR N ^ ( 6 0 ) ( D ) ) THEN GOTO
4200 4300
2740 IF N$(27)=Q$(C> THEN GOTO 4 2960 IF D^(E)<>" " AND (N^(25)=Q
200 •(D) OR N ^ ( 5 5 ) ( D ) ) THEN GOTO
2750 IF D*<B)<>" " AND N^(28)=Q:S 4300
(C) THEN GOTO 4300 2970 IF D$(F)<>" " AND <N^(26)=Q
2760 IF D$<C><>" " AND <N^(29)=D •(D) OR N ^ ( 5 6 ) ( D ) ) THEN GOTO
• (C) OR N ^ ( 6 1 ) < C ) ) THEN GOTO 4300
4300 2980 IF N^(27)=Q^(D) OR N^(57)=Q
2770 IF Df(D)<>" " AND (Nf(30)=Q •(D) THEN GOTO 4300
$(C) OR N$(52)=Q$(C) OR N$(62)=Q 2990 IF E•<B)< >" " AND (N^(28)=Q
$(C)) THEN GOTO 4300 •(D) OR N$<61)=Q*(D)) THEN GOTO
2780 IF D$(E><>" " AND <N$(31)=Q 4300? «•?
• (C) OR N$(53)=Q$<C) OR N$(63)=Q 3000 IF E^(C><>" " AND (N^(29)=Q
•(C)) THEN GOTO 4300 •(D) OR N ^ ( 6 2 ) ( D ) ) THEN GOTO
2790 IF D$(F><>" " AND (N*(32)=Q 4400
• <C) OR N*(54)=Q$(C)) THEN GOTO 3010 IF E^(D)<>" " AND (N^(30)=Q
4300 •(D) OR N^(63)=••(D)) THEN GOTO
2800 IF N$<33>=Q$(C> THEN GOTO 4 4400
300 3020 IF E^(E)<>" " AND (N^(31)=Q
2810 IF E*(B)<>" " AND N$(34)=Q^ •(D) OR N^(52)=••(D)) THEN GOTO
(C) THEN GOTO 4400 4400
2820 IF E$(C)<>" " AND <N$(35)=Q 3030 IF E^(F)<>" " AND (N^(32)=Q
• (C) OR N*(64)=••(C)) THEN GOTO •(D) OR N ^ ( 5 3 ) ( D ) ) THEN GOTO
4400 4400
2830 IF E$(D)< >" " AND (N$( 36)=Q 3040 IF N^(33)=Q^(D) OR N^(54)=Q
•(C) OR N$(49)=Q$(C) OR N*(65)=Q •(D) THEN GOTO 4400
•(C)) THEN GOTO 4400 3050 IF F'^ (B) < >" " AND (N^(34)=Q
2840 IF E^(E)<>" " AND (N^(37)=Q •(D) OR N * ( 6 4 ) ( D ) ) THEN GOTO
•(C) OR N^(50)=Q^(C) OR N^(66)=Q 4500
•(C)) THEN GOTO 4400 3060 IF F^(C)<>" " AND (N-T(35)=Q
2850 IF E^(F)<>" " AND (N^(38)=Q •(D) OR N$(65)=G$(D)) THEN GOTO

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 57
 ZX81 CAME
4500 3940 IF N$(45)=Q$(D) OR N$(48)=Q
3070 IF F*(D)<>" " AND <N$(36)=Q $(D) THEN GOTO 4600
$ (D > OR N$(66)=Q$(D)) THEN GOTO 3950 NEXT Q
4500 3960 LET T=INT (RND*7)
3080 IF F$(E)<>" " AND (N*(37)=Q 3970 GOTO 4000+100*T
$<D) OR N$(49)=0$(D)) THEN GOTO 4000 LET I A "
4500 4010 GOSUB 490
3090 IF F$(F)< >" " AND (N$(38)=Q 4100 LET I$="B"
$ (D) OR N$(50)=Q$(D)) THEN GOTO 4110 GOSUB 490
4500 4200 LET I*="C"
3100 IF N$(39)=Q$(D) OR N$(51)=Q 4210 GOSUB 490
* (D) THEN GOTO 4500 4300 LET I$="D"
3890 IF Gf(B)<>" " AND (Nf<40)=Q 4310 GOSUB 490
$ (D > OR m ( 6 7 ) = Q * ( D ) ) THEN GOTO 4400 LET I$="E"
4600 4410 GOSUB 490
3900 IF G$(C)<>" " AND (N$(41)=Q 4500 LET I$="F"
X (D) OR N$(68)=Qt<D>) THEN GOTO 4510 GOSUB 490
4600 4600 LET I*="G"
3910 IF G$(D)< >" " AND (N$(42)=Q 4610 GOSUB 490
% (D) OR N$ (69) =Q$ (D) ) THEN GOTO 4620 GOTO 3960
4600 4700 PRINT AT 20,0;"A DRAW
3920 IF G$(E)<>" " AND (N$(43)=Q ii
$ (D) OR Nt(46)=G$(D)) THEN GOTO 4705 SLOW
4600 4710 GOTO 1760
3930 IF G$(F)<>" " AND (N$(44)=G 9000 CLEAR
* (D) OR m ( 4 7 ) = Q $ ( D ) ) THEN GOTO 9010 SAVE "ZX-CONNECT "
4600 9020 GOTO 1

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58
985 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985 58
 TWO GREATS FOR THE SINCLAIR QL
T
'M HARTNBU S 03 US
9* games
compendium QL
f<">e*84s/c T 0

Tim Hartnell's QL Games Compendium Exploring the Sinclair QL

From Tim Hartnell (the author, PCW magazine called
An Introduction to SuperBASIC
Mr Sinclair'), comes this major games book for Here's your chance to explore the potential of
the Q L . . . SuperBASIC, the sophisticated language supplied
with the Sinclair QL.
Not only does it contain listings for more than 20
complete games, but the detailed instructions and Designed to help you write better, clearer programs,
ideas will help you develop your own games, whilst Sinclair SuperBASIC is a state-of-the-art programming
improving your programming as you do so. There is language, a language which keeps pace with the
even a complete chapter to teach you how to create hardware innovations of the computer.
moving graphics games on your QL?
Andrew Nelson, author of several popular computer
The Programs include: books, explains all the important concepts, key words,
ELIZA in which your QL acts as a psychiatrist and mlks 10 you commands and statements of SuperBASIC. In this
book, he explains that many of the programming skills
OTHELLO challenge your QL to a round of Reversi/Othello
you have from the Spectrum can be directly
MAGICIAN'S MAZE high adventure exploring ruins after gold transferred to the QL, and show how - as you learn
DETECTIVE 0 solve the murder, different each time it runs the new words m the QLs vocabulary - your
STOCKBROKER a challenging simulation puts thousands in programs can gradually be made more complex and
your control as you work towards getting a million sophisticated, by incorporating the new commands
TRYST WITH MEPHISTOPHELES nearly 20K of challenging and statements,
adventure.
Interface Publications, Department QZX
QL RACER real-time moving graphics, in a game few will win 9 11 Kensington High Street, London W8 5NP

r Please s e n d m e the f o l l o w i n g b o o k s Creating Adventures on your ZX Spectrum Interface Publications. Department QZX
" 1
I e n c l o s e a total of £ — Reter Sh»w and J.vies Mortleman £4.95 9-11 Kensington High Street London W6 5NP
G Putting Youi Spectrins to Work (including 15
major programs, a word processor
Tim H u m s Us 0 1 Games Compendium and spread-sheet calculations) Name
TimHartnell ISBN 094 7&9S 04 J £S95 ChtisCallendei £4.95
• Exploring the Sinclair QL - 1 Creating Arcade Games on the ZX Spoctrum
Address
An Introduction to SuperBASIC - Daniel Haywood £3.95
Andrew Nelson. ISBN C S07563 H4 b £4.95 ! 1 Programming Your ZX Spectrum
Ci Mastering Machine Code on your ZX Harinctl/jones £6.95
Spectrum IbniH.ikt't £9 95 • 60 Games and Applications lor the
ZX Spectrum David Harwaod £4 95 'XAECCNU lil-ru. «• p.r:,- •»•>:„, jiwIum-t.-j*; -I lufitvij ir.-jc un*,.
Spectrum Machine Code Made Easy, Emfcy WHSt)Hnt>,toil ETtL.jr n , !- . r * • irf1*;t F\itJ>:.,' -i
Volume One tor beginners lames Walsh £5 95 Beyond Simple BASIC Delving Deeper

INTERFACE
C: Spectrum Machine Code Made Easy. into your ZX Spectrum Dilwyn [onei £7.95
Volume Two for advanced programmeri . Inslant Spectrum Programming (tape and
Pail Holmes £595 book) Tim Hartnei; £4 95
C The Spectrum Machine Code Reference
Guide Kichard RossLangiey £4.95
• 20 Simple Electronic Projects tor the
Spectrum Siephen Adams £6 45 PUBLICATIONS
L We're the experts'.
 \ /

USA NEWS

Across The Pond

p o r t , it a u t o m a t i c a l l y bank s w i t -
ches (the T/S 2 0 6 8 c o n t a i n s
bank s w i t c h i n g architecture
a l l o w i n g the use of up t o 16
M b ! ) t o use (up to) an extra 5 6 K.
This issue our man in the States, Mark H o w e v e r , as w e here in N o r t h

Fendrick, compares the Spectrum and

A m e r i c a are all t o o painfully
a w a r e , Timex w i t h d r e w f r o m

the TIS2068.
the computer marketplace
before many of these c o m m a n d
cartridges w e r e produced, and
since a great n u m b e r of these
Since this is a c o l u m n in a British noticeable change is the addi- These are v e r y p o w e r f u l com- cartridges m u s t be ordered for
m a g a z i n e , w r i t t e n by a n t i o n of an o n / o f f s w i t c h on the m a n d s to prevent a p r o g r a m p r o d u c t i o n , no n e w C o m m a n d
A m e r i c a n a u t h o r about an left side of the c o m p u t e r . f r o m s t o p p i n g w h e n an error Cartridges s e e m t o be in the
A m e r i c a n c o m p u t e r w i t h British At f i r s t , Timex had planned o c c u r s , and can also be used t o w o r k s f r o m any supplier. Those
roots ( f o l l o w that?), it is only on m a r k e t i n g t w o d i f f e r e n t ver- p r o t e c t a program f r o m being of use w h o have a cartridge or
p r o p e r t h a t w e d e v o t e this sions - the 1 6 K T / S 2 0 1 6 s t o p p e d (BREAK is considered t w o are fairly l u c k y , (I o w n t w o
month's column to a com- ($ 1 4 9 . 9 5 ) , a n d the 4 8 K T / S an error) a n d listed. States Et-Capitols, a n d Casino
parison of the Z X S p e c t r u m , a n d 2048 ($ 1 9 9 . 9 5 ) . Sound The final a d d i t i o n t o BASIC is I.)
the A m e r i c a n version k n o w n as familiar? In the end, h o w e v e r , an e n h a n c e d version of the BEEP This leads up t o a current use
the Timex /Sinclair 2 0 6 8 . only the 4 8 K m o d e l w a s re- c o m m a n d ( w h i c h is a l s o of this p o r t w h i c h is m o s t
Quicksilva ( w h o have an o f f i c e leased, dubbed the available on the T / S 2 0 6 8 ) , encouraging for T/S 2 0 6 8
here in Texas), a n d M e l b o u r n e T i m e x /Sinclair 2 0 6 8 . A c t u a l l y , called appropriately e n o u g h — o w n e r s . Since the majority of
House h a v e m a d e S p e c t r u m it is in reality a 7 2 K unit, contain- S O U N D . The T / S 2 0 6 8 has a s o f t w a r e for the S p e c t r u m
s o f t w a r e available already, a n d ing a 2 4 K ROM (1 6 K + 8 K bank three channel s o u n d s y s t e m , w o u l d not w o r k o n the T/S
Richard Shepherd S o f t w a r e s w i t c h e d t o handle the cassette and each channel is controlled 2 0 6 8 , the i n t r o d u c t i o n of a
( w h o have supplied m e w i t h interface), and a 4 8 K R A M . It is by f i f t e e n r e g i s t e r s . T h e s e SPECTRUM EMULATOR was
m a n y excellent titles f o r review these ROM additions and registers c o n t r o l the p i t c h , dura- m u c h anticipated a n d has finally
in m y U . S . c o l u m n ) s h o u l d changes that a c c o u n t for the in- tion, and v o l u m e of the s o u n d b e c o m e a reality. Originally
f o l l o w s o o n . There s e e m s t o be compatibilities that exist. A s a being p r o d u c e d by that channel. d e v e l o p e d by Timex during Ihe
hope for us y e t ! rule, m o s t s o f t w a r e w r i t t e n in Y o u also have c o n t r o l of the d e v e l o p m e n t of the T /S 2 0 6 8 , 1
While T i m e x ' s m o d e m w a s BASIC w i l l L O A D and RUN pro- envelope or shape of t h e s o u n d . w a s s h o w n one originally by
finally released by the t h i r d party perly, w h i l e m a c h i n e c o d e s o f t - This means that using the Dan Ross (former Vice President
m a n u f a c t u r e r w h o w a s t o pro- w a r e w i l l n o t . A d d i t i o n a l l y , the S O U N D c o m m a n d , a n d a lot of of T i m e x ) a t a Timex Celebration
d u c e it for T i m e x , the biggest positioning of the individual bus w o r k , a T / S 2 0 6 8 c a n play in Boston. Had Timex c o n t i n u e d
d i s a p p o i n t m e n t has been the lines in the edge c o n n e c t o r are music in three part h a r m o n y . w i t h c o m p u t e r s , this w o u l d
lack of microdrives. M a n y of us not in the same order as on the This c o m m a n d can also be used have been marketed. W h e n
o r i g i n a l l y p u r c h a s e d our T / S Spectrum, causing further, t o produce a w i d s range of Timex backed o f f , the founder
2 0 6 8 ' s because of the promise hardware incompatibility. s o u n d e f f e c t s , and the manual of a Timex users g r o u p in North
of microdrives. A f e w disk drive illustrates g u n s h o t s , an explo- Carolina made s o m e c o n t a c t s ,
interfaces are in the w o r k s (as BASIC Additions sion, a n d a w h i s t l i n g b o m b . A n did s o m e research, and pro-
d u c e d an emulator t o be inserted
are other goodies), but still w e interesting c o m m a n d , but v e r y
wait. Changes to the S p e c t r u m d i f f i c u l t t o use. None of the pro- i n t o t h e C o m m a n d Cartridge
A s a l w a y s , i look f o r w a r d t o BASIC c a m e about as w e l l . In g r a m m e r s that I k n o w (myself p o r t , and i n t r o d u c e a pseudo
y o u r INPUT, and w e l c o m e any order t o utilize the j o y s t i c k p o r t s , included) have been able t o S p e c t r u m ROM. W i t h this board
c o m m e n t s , tips, or w h a t have T i m e x added a c o m m a n d make m u c h use of this f a c i l i t y , in place, a T / S 2 0 6 8 w i l l run
y o u . W r i t e t o me a t ; STICK. This c o m m a n d reads the (There is one p r o g r a m n a m e d almost all of the s o f t w a r e ) . Also 1
c o n d i t i o n of the s w i t c h e s in the M U S I C O L A w h i c h not only available are chops w h i c h get
Changes a t t a c h e d j o y s t i c k . T h e f o r m of takes a d v a n t a g e of this capa- placed inside the case (per-
m a n e n t l y ) t o g i v e the same
the c o m m a n d w o u l d be as such; bility, but allows the user the
T h e first a n d m o s t noticeable c h a n c e t o c o m p o s e music w i t h capabilities. One c o m p a n y has
c h a n g e , is in the case and key- IF STICK (1 ,2) = 1 T H E N LET harmony without understanding developed a m e t h o d w h e r e b y
board of the T / S 2 0 6 8 . T h e X = X+ 1 the S O U N D c o m m a n d . ) b o t h t h e Sinclair a n d Timex
original T / S 2 0 0 0 w a s in the R O M s c o e x i s t , a n d c a n be
balck case with rubber The number 1 in the parenthesis Cartridge Software selected via a m a g n e t i c s w i t c h .
(Note: The T / S 2 0 6 8 is not
" c h i c k l e t " style keys. While this defines either the b u t t o n (1 ) or
w a s an i m p r o v e m e n t over the the stick (2). The second Earlier w e s p o k e a b o u t a m a d e to be opened by the user
T/S 1 0 0 0 (ZX-81), Timex n u m b e r refers t o the left (1) or hinged door on the t o p of the as is the SPECTRUM, since no
c h a n g e d the d i m e n s i o n s of the right (2 ( j o y s t i c k . The T / S 2 0 6 8 case w h i c h w a s t o be used f o r upgrades w e r e available or plan-
case to 1 4 V4" x l K" xl'.The c a n read 9 d i f f e r e n t positions cartridge based s o f t w a r e . ned. A m e r i c a n s in general seem
case n o w b e c a m e silver/grey, f r o m the j o y s t i c k . This opens up Timex had planned to release to be less inclined to tinker than
and c o n t a i n e d a hinged door at m a n y p o s s i b l e uses of t h e m o s t of their s o f t w a r e in t w o our British cousins.)
the right top w h i c h w o u l d be joystick in a number of pro- forms; cassette, and C o m m a n d
used for cartridge based s o f t - grams. Cartridges. These C o m m a n d Great Selection
w a r e . ( M o r e about this later.) A s e c o n d set of additions are C a r t r i d g e s w o u l d utilize t h e
T h e y keys w e r e replaced by a error trapping features. These ' c h i p on a board' t e c h n o l o g y , The great selection of soft-
full size k e y b o a r d w i t h 4 2 solid w o r k w i t h the ON ERR com- w h e r e b y t h e IC w o u l d be w a r e that has been available to
p l a s t i c , s o f t t o u c h k e y s , in- m a n d . O N ERR GO TO xx place a t t a c h e d directly to the board, y o u in the U.K. is n o w starting to
cluding a full size space bar. i n t o a p r o g r a m supresses the eliminating the IC holder, and b e c o m e available in the U.S.
(One d r a w b a c k t o this k e y b o a r d error reports, a n d causes the p r o d u c i n g a very t h i n (just over
is that the space bar seems to be p r o g r a m t o j u m p to line xx w h e n 0 . 5 inch thick) w a f e r . This
M a r k L. Fendrick
" d e a d " on the ends, and m u s t any error is e n c o u n t e r e d . ON board w o u l d be encased in a P.O. Box 2 3 9 2
be hit close t o the centre.) T h e ERR RESET causes the error 2 .7 5 inch V»2 .5 inch case t o be Secaucus, N e w Jersey
sides n o w c o n t a i n e d Atari stan- reports t o be reinstituted, and inserted i n t o the C o m m a n d Car- 07094-0992
dard j o y s t i c k p o r t s , w h i c h are ON ERR C O N T i n u e , causes the tridge port. W h e n the c o m p u t e r U.S.A.
s u p p o r t e d by a n e w STICK c o m - p r o g r a m t o go back t o the line is t u r n e d o n , and senses the
m a n d in B A S I C . T h e f i n a l - w h e r e t h e error t o o k place. presence of a cartridge in this Until n e x t t i m e

60 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 (SPECTRUM REVIEW!

Cyclon Attack

Spectrum Arcade A and F s o f t w a r e (using the

m o t t o 'Nulli S e c u n d u s ' , w h i c h
for y o u non-classicists stands
for 'Secnd To None') have pro
duced a 3 D Space Battle for the

David Harwood, our latest addition to 4 8 K Spectrum called New

Cyclon A t t a c k .

the zxc team, continues his quest for T h e c l a i m t h a t it h a s

insometric perspective in 3 D is

the perfect arcade game perhaps questionable, but the

game is played in 3-Dimensional
graphics and is of the Star Wars
standard.
Some large enterprises seem annoyingly r a n d o m w a y t o pre- t o u c h it as a life will be lost. T h e C y c l o n s are s e n d i n g
now t o have c o t t o n e d o n t o the vent y o u accomplishing your There are also other handicaps. w a v e after w a v e of attacking
large s o f t w a r e b o o m , t h e task. If a m u t a n t llama manages to fleets. Each t i m e a n e w w a v e
amount of profit that can be The idea of this game is escape (I didn't quite manage t o appears, y o u are launched f r o m
made and that s o f t w a r e is the in innovative, but b o r e d o m ensues c a t c h sight of any m u t a n t bits) your Mother ship and after each
thing. and r e a c h t h e o u t s i d e r i m , w a v e has been destroyed, y o u
as it is not very exciting just
another life will be lost. You need t o dock in order t o refuel.
K-Tel are venturing into soft- going round screens as feeder,
ware and should have n e w titles s h o v i n g biscuits into a c h o m p - have also got a friend Spud (as in T h e r e are v a r i o u s i n s t r u -
out in time for Christmas (such ing m o u t h . potato) and if y o u happen t o m e n t s positioned at the top of
are the publication dates that This game w o u l d have been shoot him y o u will lose a life as the screen, detailed as f o l l o w s .
although I a m w r i t i n g this article better a year ago, as it appears well as a friend!!! A radar, giving full information
just before Christmas, y o u will about the approaching w a v e at-
t o be rather dated n o w , but for There t o o are various advan-
not read it until the n e w year} tack, a shield strength gauge
the 16K S p e c t r u m , w h a t can tages, like a bonus of 1 0 0 0
and also an interesting c o m p a n y (there is an a u t o m a t i c safety
y o u expect? every 1 0 , 0 0 0 points and a t i m e
going into s o f t w a r e is British shield should y o u come under
bonus for shooting a clock will
Telecom. Do y o u get a reduction fire, but this obviously
INSTRUCTIONS - 70% add t i m e t o your limit of 7 9
in the s o f t w a r e price if y o u have deteriorates in strength depen-
PRESENTATION - 75% seconds.
shares in the c o m p a n y . ding on use), laser status and
ADDICTABILITY - 75% A s well as the vast scoring
fuel status.
Software till n o w has a l w a y s V A L U E FOR scheme for many different and
been in the price range £ 5 - £ 1 0 interesting objects, if y o u fire There is a sight in the centre
MONEY - 95%
with a f e w retailing at £ 1 5 . and hit a Television that is tuned of the screen w i t h climb and turn
Z X C FACTOR - 7
British Telecom could be the t o Channel 4, y o u score an extra indicators, enabling y o u to posi-
company that brings the price 2 0 points as this is so rare (A tion the laser beam to any posi-
tion on the screen in the a t t e m p t
down t o a more realistic figure,
greatly easing the pocket. One
Exodus w o n d e r f u l idea and true!!!)
t o clear each Cyclon w a v e .
The game is fun t o play, the
would presume t h a t w i t h cheap The next one f r o m BT is EX- only real d i f f i c u l t y is to stop the Some nice added touches,
software, the sales w o u l d be m u t a n t llamas escaping and not the ability t o save/load the high
O D U S and before I Start I must
higher, but I w o n d e r if they t o get Spud. As long as y o u stay score table, the ability t o re-
m e n t i o n the excellent introduc-
would be so high as t o equal the clear f r o m any object leaving the define the keys and detailed
tion before each game is played.
same profit if they have sold pit, y o u should not have t o o screens w i t h satellites, planets,
The w o r d EXODUS falls o n t o shooting stars etc. all go for-
them at £ 5 . 7 5 . the screen, a letter at a time, many problems.
w a r d t o make Cyclon A t t a c k a
w i t h a clear clicky laser sound 1 first of all w o n d e r e d w h y the
first class arcade game w i t h ex-
Crazy Caverns and the border along w i t h each pit w a s in the shape of a hex-
cellent graphics and realistic
letter containing bright flashing agon, but I soon f o u n d out that it
sound.
The first of the BT s o f t w a r e is lines in unison w i t h the sound. It w a s t o bring over a false sense
Crazy Caverns, w h i c h fits into is a pity that this screen does not of speed. Travelling around the
occur more o f t e n as I could have pit is fine, but if y o u w a n t to INSTRUCTIONS - 95%
the 1 6K S p e c t r u m (some com-
w a t c h e d this for ages, m u c h m o v e quick in order to reach a PRESENTATION - 100%
panies have not f o r g o t t e n y o u ,
better than the washing llama, your instinct has got to be ADDICTABILITY - 95%
16K users!.
machine. quick as the shape s l o w s y o u V A L U E FOR
It is i n t e r e s t i n g t h a t t h e
down. MONEY - 90%
introductory screen is not your Keys can be re-defined w i t h a
I did not quite understand the ZXC FACTOR - 9
usual screen loaded f r o m the selection of joysticks available,
tape, but is d r a w n f r o m the but w i t h your o w n key definition time limit as w h e n the time
loader p r o g r a m , p r o d u c i n g a this game is compatible w i t h any reaches 0 , a life w a s lost instead
swirling graphic display before t y p e of joystick. of perhaps going o n t o the next
level. There might be a target
Kung Fu
the main program is loaded. A nice edition also is the
A 1 6K cassette is noticeably instruction mode, which number of objects before they I cannot say a lot about this
faster t o load than a 4 0 K one, prevents the usual f u m b l i n g for stop j u m p i n g f r o m the pit, but if Kung-Fu game f r o m Bug-Byte
which is a great plus for 16K the cassette in order t o read the this game has got any faults, s o f t w a r e , as the idea is very sim-
games as I find it extremely non- tiny printed directions. this is t h e only one. ple. You are a Kung-Fooist and
productive w a i t i n g for games t o The idea of the game is as A l t h o u g h the graphics are have t o fight your opponent until
load. f o l l o w s . There is a pit, obviously not very interesting, they are he drops d o w n (dead? I d o n ' t
Either using a cursor joystick in the outer galactic sphere and clear and w i t h lively sound this k n o w ) for y o u to w i n .
or keys 0 , A, O and P, the idea is y o u need t o stop the countless game is a sure winner for the Please forgive the lack of
t o g o r o u n d a screen (again!) and objects f r o m climbing t o the out- mere price of £ 2 . 5 0 . Should technical terms, but there are
feed t h e m o u t h w i t h t h e side by shooting t h e m w i t h your keep y o u amused for ages. four m o v e s at your fingertips,
Crunchy C u b e s t h a t are laser. The pit is in the shape of a the left chop, the f o r w a r d
positioned around the screen. h e x a g o n and y o u r ship c a n INSTRUCTIONS - 80% punch, the right kick and the left
The idea is t o line up the Crunchy either move c l o c k w i s e or anti- PRESENTATION - 75% kick w i t h f o r w a r d and b a c k w a r d
Cubes and shoot t h e m into the c l o c k w i s e around the boundary ADDICTABILITY - 75% m o v e m e n t . The keys used are
muching m o u t h . of the pit. VALUE FOR 1, 2, 3 , 4 , break and s y m shift
Yes, t h e r e are Crazy If an object manages t o reach MONEY - 99% respectively for player one w i t h
Crashers w h i c h m o v e in an the rim of a pit, y o u m u s t not ZXC FACTOR - 8 the opposite keys for player 2.

5 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 61
 (SPECTRUM REVIEWS!
There is j o y s t i c k c o m p a t i b i l i t y that every t i m e a life is lost, y o u that between each new by your mistakes.
w i t h the K e m p s t o n , but t h e have t o w a i t f o r t h e funeral a t t e m p t , there is a delay while I, not a bike rider at heart, did
m o v e s are quite easy t o master m a r c h t o be played. y o u are i n t r o d u c e d t o Pacmen, find it quite d i f f i c u l t t o c o m p l e t e
on a keyboard. J e l l y f i s h etc, a n d the name of a successful motorbike j u m p
T h e s c e n a r i o is o b v i o u s l y INSTRUCTIONS - 70% t h e n e x t screen, but this should and correctly judge t h e a b o v e
Chinese style, w i t h Orientated PRESENTATION - 70% not hinder your e x c i t e m e n t . three f a c t o r s .
m u s i c , w h i c h c a n be v e r y ADDICTABILITY - 70% H y p e r a c t i o n is an excellent T h e g a m e starts o f f w i t h 8
a n n o y i n g , so I w a s g r a t e f u l f o r V A L U E FOR a n d original arcade g a m e , w i t h cars and progresses o n w a r d s a
t h e music o n / o f f f a c i l i t y . MONEY - 75% Sinclair, Cursor and K e m p s t o n car at a time. U n f o r t u n a t e l y y o u
T h e r e are t w o d i f f e r e n t ZXC FACTOR 7 joystick compatibility. a l w a y s return t o the B M X j u m p
o p t i o n s t o play either against t h e after each crash, w h i c h is a bit
S p e c t r u m or a n o t h e r player. For INSTRUCTIONS - 65% a n n o y i n g as this j u m p is t h e only
s o m e r e a s o n , if y o u f o u g h t Hyperaction PRESENTATION - 75% one that is easy t o master. It
against t h e S p e c t r u m , 3 rounds ADDICTABILITY - 85% w o u l d have been an idea t o be
N o w w e come o n t o Hyper- V A L U E FOR able t o a t t e m p t any level of j u m p
were a t t e m p t e d inside a
a c t i o n , a g a m e of intrigue and at any time.
C h i n e s e S t y l e h o u s e , b u t if MONEY - 80%
w i t s for t h e 4 8 K S p e c t r u m . Pro-
against a n o t h e r player, only one ZXC FACTOR - 8 The c o m p a n y M a r t e c h are
d u c e d by S i l v e r s o f t , w e should
round o u t s i d e w a s played. also p u t t i n g on a c o m p e t i t i o n ,
e x p e c t an arcade quality g a m e ,
T h e replay f u n c t i o n is quite a w i t h B M X bikes, colour T V ' s ,
but do w e have it?
g o o d idea, enabling y o u to
First of all, a m i n u s . In these Eddie Kidd Jump M S X C o m p u t e r s (not S p e c t r u m
Plus?) for prizes and runners up
w a t c h t h e tense a c t i o n all over
again and f o r t h e e n t h u s i a s t , a
d a y s of first impressions e t c , Challenge g e t t i n g a poster of Eddie Kidd
etc, etc, an i n t r o d u c t o r y screen ( W O W ! ) . A g o o d idea w h i c h
ranking is g i v e n telling y o u t h e
is very i m p o r t a n t . It not only Fancy yourself as a s t u n t rider? should increase sales if not s t u n t
colour of your belt.
m a k e s t h e w a i t i n g f o r t h e pro- T h e dare-devil feat can n o w be riders.
A n o v e l g a m e of skill, in-
g r a m t o load acceptable, but it achieved w i t h i n t h e s a f e t y and
cluding excellent animated A skillful g a m e w i t h excellent
also impresses the player w i t h a c o m f o r t of your o w n h o m e , t h e
graphic s e q u e n c e s (nulli secun- graphics and realistic s o u n d all
taste of t h e g a m e t o f o l l o w . Eddie Kidd J u m p Challenge is a
dus). A bit of a no-goer for m e , add up t o a w i n n e r .
This g a m e has g o t various n e w g a m e for the 4 8 K Spec-
as there is n o t a lot of a c t i o n .
screens, a l t h o u g h I only manag- t r u m , p u t t i n g y o u in t h e driver INSTRUCTIONS - 90%
ed t o progress t o t h e second, seat of your o w n m o t o r b i k e .
INSTRUCTIONS - 70% PRESENTATION - 90%
but perhaps t h o s e w i t h nimble
PRESENTATION - 95% ADDICTABILITY - 85%
fingers or j o y s t i c k s should get
ADDICTABIL1TY - 70% V A L U E FOR
onto to more.
V A L U E FOR MONEY - 80%
MONEY - 75% Y o u are a spider w i t h only 6 Z X C FACTOR - 8
ZXC FACTOR - 7 legs, t s u p p o s e t h e S p e c t r u m ' s
graphics handling made the
decision o n the last t w o a n d are
Sir Lancelot f a c e d initially w i t h a grid, w h i c h
t u r n s i n t o a r a n d o m maze after
CRAZY CAVERNS A N D
EXODUS:
A n o t h e r g a m e for t h e 1 6 K Spec- t h e c o m p u t e r has k n o c k e d out FIREBIRD S O F T W A R E ,
t r u m (hooray!) is Sir Lancelot v a r i o u s holes. W E L L I N G T O N HOUSE
f r o m M e l b o u r n e House, so a In t h e first screen there are UPPER ST. M A R T I N ' S LANE,
g o o d quality g a m e can be ex- acorns a n d m u s h r o o m s along LONDON W C 2 H 9DL
pected. t h e p a t h of t h e maze w i t h the PRICE: £ 2 . 5 0
Sir Lancelot is loaded using letters ZX h a n g i n g a r o u n d the
rapidload, w h i c h is s u p p o s e d t o screen. Your task is t o gather all CYCLON ATTACK:
speed up loading t i m e s by half. t h e Z X ' s in order t o get t o the A & F S O F T W A R E LTD.,
This is a very g o o d idea for 4 8 K n e x t level. P a c m e n have been UNIT 8
games ( w h y d i d n ' t t h e y a d o p t sent in order t o p r e v e n t y o u f r o m C A N A L SIDE I N D U S T R I A L
this w i t h Holmes?), but there is d o i n g this a n d t h e y have been Y o u are Eddie Kidd, w h o w e ESTATE,
no real need f o r this w i t h a 16K w e l l trained in their mission. are told is t h e m o s t naturally W O O D B I N E STREET E A S T ,
g a m e and I did not n o t i c e any im- Y o u c a n c h a n g e the p a t h s of g i f t e d m o t o r c y c l e s t u n t m a n in ROCHDALE,
p r o v e m e n t in loading speed. the m a z e by f o r c i n g t h e acorns t h e w o r l d and are privileged t o LANCASHIRE.
U n f o r t u n a t e l y , this is another t o f o r m d i f f e r e n t paths, but y o u take t h e J u m p Challenge t o gain PRICE: T B A
grab a n d collect p r o g r a m a n d is need t o be careful not t o f o r c e an a w o r l d record.
of t h e same genre as all the a c o r n o n t o a ZX or a P a c m a n as Initially, before j u m p i n g over KUNG-FU:
others. Can w e possibly have y o u w i l l lose a life. cars w i t h a m o t o r c y c l e y o u have BUG-BYTE,
s o m e t h i n g else please? T h e first screen is very hard to j u m p over barrels w i t h a B M X 9 8 - 1 0 0 THE A L B A N Y ,
Y o u , as Sir Lancelot, need t o t o master at first, but once y o u bike. H a v i n g successfully done O L D H A L L STREET,
go t h r o u g h 2 4 r o o m s in t h e get t h e idea it is very hard t o s t o p this, y o u graduate t o t h e m o t o r - LIVERPOOL.
castle and collect all t h e treasure playing. Y o u n e e d t o d e s i g n y o u r c y c l e , w i t h t h e c o n t r o l s of PRICE: T B A
that is hanging around. A n i m a l s o w n w a y of approach, but I speed, brakes and position of
do the guarding of t h e treasure decided t o block out the oppos- rider all at hand in order t o give SIR LANCELOT:
a n d there is a t i m e limit for y o u t o ing p a c m e n in t h e first screen, y o u a realistic a p p r o a c h of riding MELBOURNE HOUSE
gather e v e r y t h i n g in the r o o m by m o v i n g t h e w a l l and t h e n a bike. PUBLISHERS
a n d scarper t o the exit before gathering the ZX's. W h e n y o u have left the ramp 3 9 , M I L O N T R A D I N G ESTATE,
t h e time runs o u t and a life is T h e s a m e idea is o n screen 2 , w i t h e n o u g h r o o m for your run ABINGDON,
lost. but there are A r c t i c J e l l y f i s h in- up, y o u can start. OXON.
T h e a c t i o n is f a s t , as y o u stead of Pacmen and this t i m e 1 c a n n o t really say m u c h PRICE: £ 6 . 9 5
m o v e Sir Lancelot a r o u n d w i t h 0 y o u have t o cover all t h e blue a b o u t this g a m e as it totally
for left, P for right a n d C A P g r o u n d o n t h e screen (ice), but relies o n the skill of t h e player in EDDIE KIDD J U M P
SHIFT t o j u m p . as y o u are still in the maze, y o u m a n o e u v r e r i n g t h e stunt bike. CHALLENGE:
W i t h a suggested c o m p l e t i o n can move walls etc. V a r i o u s points need t o be MARTECH,
t i m e of three w e e k s , t h e g a m e If the first t w o screens are considered w h i l e a t t e m p t i n g a M A R T E C H HOUSE,
should keep y o u a m u s e d for a n y t h i n g t o go b y , t h e rest j u m p , eg. speed, length of run B A Y TERRACE,
s o m e t i m e . T h e graphics and should be very g o o d , I a m still up, position o n bike and the only PEVENSEY B A Y ,
s o u n d are alright, but n o t h i n g t r y i n g t o get o n t o screen 3. w a y t o m a k e a successful one is EAST SUSSEX.
brilliant. T h e largest l e t d o w n is There is quite a bad point in t o get a feel f o r the bike and learn PRICE: £ 6 . 9 5

62 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 POWERFUL AND INEXPENSIVE BUSINESS SOFTWARE
FOR ZX81, T/S1000 and T/S1500 COMPUTERS
ZX-TEXT ZX-CALC ZX-CALENDAR

COPVBIOX1 <C> 1SS3

RLBCnT r . RODRIGUEZ

SELECT AN OPTION
1.URITC
S.HEAD/EDIT
3.PBtHT
i. . JWJE
S.CLCSP
ONSVJEP ev ENTERING « NUMBtO

A wofd processor is to a computer user An electronic spreadsheet calculator is the Time management is an important aspect of
what a typewriter is to a typist, except that the fundamental bastctoollor summarising, reporting any serious business and personal agenda
and analyzing in matrix torm any accounting, Planning how to spenrt our time leaves us better
former has more advantages than the latter
mathematical or scientific manipulation of num-
Z X - T e x l c a n operate in 16-64K R A M providing prepared before and while we are spending if
bers ZX-Calc operates m 32-64K R A M and affords
from 1350 to 9000 words per document. It a n d we remain better organized after we finish
a maximum of 3360 characters/sceadsheet The
features 6 diflerent options: write, read. edit, entire matrix consists of 15cotjmns(lettersA-0> spending it ZX-Calendar operates in 16-64K
print, save and clear text Text is written on a and 30 rows (numbers 1 -30) with S c h a r a c t e r s / R A M affording 30 appointments in 16K, 100 in
per-lme basis with quick speed a n d with cell. Unlike other popular ESCs, Z X - C a ' c uses in 32K. 180 in 48K or 2b0 in 64K Each
calculations and wtthmceilsaii 14 m a l f u n c t i o n s appointment record holds a maximum of 220
horizontal b a c k - s p a c e and delete capabilities
o n the ZX-81 /TS1000. II offers a unique ' S U M characters The mam menu includes enter,
being available Y o u c a n also a c c e s s the
function that totals one or more r o w s / c o l u m n s s e a r c h / c h e c k / s o r t , change, save, clear and
editor directly from write mode and vice-versa simultaneously. Parenthesis c a n be used within
print any and all appointments made o n a
Texl c a n be proof-read on a per-lme basis equations There is no fixed limit on how many
specific dale or with any party Output to either
allowing for enough time to determine it any equations may be entered Formulas may bo
stored in all 420 cells of the spreadsheet. The the Z X / T S prinler is permissible This program
editing ts needed The text editor allows a Ime
display affords 15 rov«s/colums. Loading of data will permit you to remember to do s o m e t N n g or
of text to be deleted, inserted, replaced e n d
into more than one cell c a n occur a c o s s / d o w n to oe somewhere important by cataloging your
listed for editing Y o u may also c h a n g e a word
one or more r o w / c o l u m n simultaneously With answers to six questions that you must account
or expression wrthin a line, stop or start text vertical windowing you c a n arrange a set of col- for in order not to waste lime when it is scarce:
while ft >s scrolling up the screen, begin umns m any order or practice using hxed-vanabie- when, with whom, at what time, for how long,
reading text from the first line ol the file, re- alignment display formats The menu offers 6 where and what ar» you going to d i s c u s s and
enter write mode from the editor, return to the options enter/erase, move, calculate, print,save
conclude when you get together wilh someone
and cloar the spreadsheet Enter/erase allows
mam-menu or create a window so that you else? The program lets you permanently
the entering, deletion or data alignment within a
c a n read-edit two files simultaneously The cell through the use of a mobile cursor. With the originate, l e c o r d , classify, s e a r c h , sort,
print option takes text displayed in 30-column move option you may move around the entire calculate, modify, summarize, obtain a written
format o n the screen a n d outputs to either the sreadsheet to a c c e s s any row, c o l u m n or cell report -;nd s t c e your answers to the preceding
Z X / T S printer (With M e m o t e c h ' s Centronics The calculate option allows you to enter labels, questions so thai you will not forget what you
Parallel Interlace 80-column and lower/ values or formulas into a cell or write a n d enter decide to do with your time This program
equations that wi;i act upon the data already wrthin identifies your time a c c o r d i n g lo when you are
higher - c a s e output is possible) Files may
the spreadsheet Y o u c a n also enter bar graphs
be s a v e d on tape cassette with the use of g o ^ g to spend it Bnd with whom you are going
mto a cell in this option Absolule /relative replica-
one single command, or by the same token they lo snare it. Through these forms of labeling
tion, d o w n / a c r o s s a c o l u m n / r o w , isalso allowed
c a n be erased Irom memory / storage so that by this option. Also this option allows the auto- appointments you are able to ver>fy or modify
the full capacity ol the program c a n be used matic calculation of the entire spreadsheet with how your time is budgeted without wasting ink,
one single c o m m and. Pri nt al lows you to output t o paper or more time trying to remember what you
tor other purposes s u c h es composing letters,
either the Z X / T S pnnter the entire spreadsheet by said to yourself or wnat someone else said to
reports, articles, memos, standard forms
column-sets and row-pages through use of the you or where you placed certain written
instructions, ads, graphs, telephone C O P Y command The entire spreadsheet may be m e s s a g e s that you now can't find. With this
directory, lists of customers, members, saved on cassette tape or you may clear all data
program you will know where you can find
friends etc. Also c o p i e s of files are always from it or erase the program from R A M entirely
exactly what you need to know about where you
less expensive and easier to run than using a The most salient advantage provided by an E S C
over specifically vertical applications soft ware is want to and have to b^. or where you have been
photocopier Other advantages are savings in
thai an E S C provides a reusable Iramework with before you get and after you got there Thus, ZX-
time, paper, ink. correcting mistakes and
which you c a n c o m p o s e any specilic financia Calendar will let you plan your time so that you will
adding afterthoughts more efficiently than model rather than just be limited toonly one stati- never have to worry about wnat is ahead or what
doing them through either handwriting or cally fixed format for storing, displaying and came before, for you will aiway *now. by using it,
using a typewriter manipulating numerical data to never bo caught u t r a y by any time-Iran^

$11.95 $11.95 $11.95

$1.50 SHIPPING AND HANDLING/PROGRAM

A.F.R. SOFTWARE -1605 Pennsylvania Avenue, No. 204 - Miami Beach, Florida 33139
(305) 531-6464
L-1 o 1984
 BOOK NEWS

in Brief
• Print a n d Plotter Products, the c o m p a n y w h o p r o d u c e the
excellent J o t t e r s for the Z X 8 1 and S p e c t r u m , n o w bring us
A d v e n t u r e Planner.
This is a 5 0 page planning pad c o n t a i n i n g a m a p p i n g s y s t e m
w i t h over 1 5 0 locations a n d includes examples and tips.
I m u s t a d m i t that this is a l w a y s the area of playing a d v e n t u r e
g a m e s w h i c h causes m e the m o s t problems. A t £ 3 . 9 5 I will
u n d o u b t e d l y invest in one of these!

• For all brain strain f a n a t i c s " T h e T i m e s Book of C o m p u t e r

Puzzles & Games f o r t h e Sinclair S p e c t r u m ' ' (how d o they get it all
o n the cover 7 } at £ 6 . 9 5 provides a selection of p r o g r a m listings
sent in by p r o g r a m m e r s hoping t o w i n one of the prizes they
offered.

• M R CHIPS C O M E S H O M E : Micros and H o m e Education by

Bryan Skinner a n d M i k e Gerrard ( £ 7 . 9 5 ) is a c o m p l e t e guide to
using a m i c r o for e d u c a t i o n at h o m e . The book includes a
c o m p r e h e n s i v e s o f t w a r e r e v i e w s e c t i o n divided by machine.
Bryan Skinner, a f o r m e r teacher, is s o f t w a r e editor of Personal
C o m p u t e r N e w s , and Mike Gerrard is a regular c o n t r i b u t o r t o
W h i c h Micro? and Personal C o m p u t e r N e w s .

• Look out for the d i s t i n c t i v e , colourful and large " s t e p - b y - s t e p "

series of c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m m i n g t u t o r s f r o m Dorling Kindersley
Publishers Ltd.
T w o for the c o m m o n S p e c t r u m and four for the S p e c t r u m +
and all at £ 5 . 9 5 each. Great for the absolute beginner.
In f a c t Sinclair Research w e r e so impressed t h e y got t h e m to
w r i t e a n d p r o d u c e the S p e c t r u m + m a n u a l (also available
separately for £ 4 . 9 5 ) .

• Papermac have published t w o rather specialist t o m e s , " H o w t o

b u y S o f t w a r e " b y A l f r e d Glossbrenner a n d " W o m e n a n d
C o m p u t i n g : T h e golden o p p o r t u n i t y " b y Rose Deakin,

• For those upgrading or have b o u g h t a QL, a c o m p r e h e n s i v e

series of b o o k s have been published by H u t c h i n s o n C o m p u t e r
Publishing Co Ltd.
These have been p r o d u c e d w i t h the hip and co-operation of
Sinclair Research and Psion and are priced at £ 6 . 9 5 e a c h . The
titles are self explanatory and are:
I n t r o d u c i n g the Sinclair QL
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o Super Basic on the Sinclair QL
A d v a n c e d p r o g r a m m i n g w i t h the Sinclair Q L
W o r d Processing w i t h the Sinclair Q L
Desk T o p C o m p u t i n g w i t h the Sinclair QL
H u t c h i n s o n are o n e of t h e first c o m p a n i e s t o p r o d u c e
s o m e t h i n g for this m a c h i n e and a quick glance gives the

BOOK NEWS
impression t h a t t h e y have not been rushed o n t o the m a r k e t but are
very w e l l w r i t t e n .

• Superbasic is f r o m Granada a n d has been w r i t t e n by A A Berk.

Certainly w o r t h looking for at £ 6 . 9 5 . A l s o f r o m t h e m is QL
C o m p u t i n g by the prolific Ian Sinclair, an author of great
experience. A w e l l w r i t t e n book a n d at £ 5 . 9 5 is one of the f e w , but
increasing, b o o k s available for this m a c h i n e .

Maths Tutor from Century w h o are looking for alternative • Pan and Personal C o m p u t e r N e w s have published a book for an
Communications provides an uses for their m a c h i n e s ; or those incre3sng m a r k e t , " 2 5 Programs for t h e Sinclair ZX M i c r o d r i v e :
i n t r o d u c t i o n to m a t h e m a t i c s for of any age w h o j u s t w a n t t o M u l t i - u s e r Games for t h e S p e c t r u m " .
the non-mathematical person b r u s h - u p their k n o w l e d g e . Available for £ 5 . 9 5 and, interestingly, not for sale in Canada!
a n d a i m s a b o v e all to make T h e book c o u l d also be used
m a t h s f u n . Readers d o not have in the c l a s s r o o m by teachers • Ian S t e w a r t takes a jokey a p p r o a c h t o c o m p u t i n g in his book
t o have e x t e n s i v e k n o w l e d g e of w h o w a n t t o illustrate mathe- " G a t e w a y t o C o m p u t i n g w i t h t h e ZX S p e c t r u m " books 1 and 2 .
the Sinclair S p e c t r u m ; the first matical principles and tech- Golly J e n n i n g s , a r e n ' t c o m p u t e r book titles g e t t i n g length?! The
chapter (optional) is especially niques — most O-level and Editor's t y p i n g finger m u s t be g e t t i n g sore!
for those w h o k n o w absolutely A - l e v e l s y l l a b u s m a t e r i a l is A n y w a y , its published by Shiva for £ 4 .9 5 and its big, bright and
n o t h i n g about the m a c h i n e . It is covered. a m u s i n g , helps put the f u n back i n t o c o m p u t i n g .
m e a n t f o r all people w h o have A c a s s e t t e c o n t a i n i n g the
access t o the S p e c t r u m ; those p r o g r a m s listed in this book is
w h o w a n t tolearn mathsandare available and the book and
looking for the simplest w a y in c a s s e t t e have been c o m b n e d as
w h i c h t o d o it; g a m e s players a s o f t w a r e pack.

64 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 • LEVELS British Code of Advertising Practice
not just; revision but also tuition
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<rae!«i», tquar* rootl, dccimall. logarithm, anal PAIDIN ADVANCE. THECODE REQUIRESADVERTISERSTO
MATHS
8 program!
aceursty, aim. mtaratt. idlunMn «Kf«»4, lljndjrO l«»,
modulo ixjmber jatj. dm chartj, hrttograrm, wriulun»ul
S p e c t r u m 43k
Z FULFIL O R D E R S W I T H I N 2 8 D A Y S U N L E S S A L O N G E R DELIVERY

TOTAL aqultiont, Mr cham. avnragai, probability. JlgeOraic tml, BBC modal B P E R I O D IS S T A T E D W H E R E G O O D S A R E R E T U R N E D

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ISQk

PHYSICS
trigonometry. dirfarant<at>on. niM«jralK>n. factort, ang*!.
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TODAY]
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r - i r ^ A & ^ t f *
 \K SPECTRUM DOMESTIC)

CEWCALC
A brilliant program from David F M
Simulates
t y p e w r i t e r as in
" t y p e " mode but
o n l y in left h a n d
side of s c r e e n . T h e
d e l e t e c u r s o r is a
flashing " + " and
t o t a l s are s u c h t h a t t h e c o m -
p u t e r w o u l d require t o use e x p o -
nent n o t a t i o n for display then a
series of b e e p s w i l l o c c u r a n d
t h e t o t a l or s u b t o t a l w i l l appear
as a line o f a s t e r i s k s .
A u t o m a t i c subtotalling takes
Carmichael of Clasgow will only delete one
half o f t h e line. A l l
place w h e r e t h i s w i l l c l a r i f y t h e
display.
control key entries W h e r e t h e s c r e e n is filled in
T h i s p r o g r a m has b e e n d e v i s e d "type" : Flashing " T " are t h e s a m e as f o r the 'note' sub-mode the option
so t h a t t h e Z X S p e c t r u m a n d Z X cursor displayed " t y p e " mode with t o c o n t i n u e or t o s e l e c t t h e line
p r i n t e r c a n be u s e d t o c a r r y o u t initially. S i m u l a t e s the following d e l e t e c u r s o r is g i v e n as f o r
and annotate a w i d e range of t y p e w r i t e r f o r all additions: ' t y p e ' . H o w e v e r if t h e s c r e e n is
calculations without the key entries (except "N" C u r s o r right g o e s filled in ' c a l c u l a t o r ' s u b - m o d e
n e c e s s i t y of h a v i n g t o w r i t e for those below). A cursor t o 'calculator' sub- t h e c o p y / n e w p a g e s e q u e n c e is
specialised prorams for each w a r n i n g b e e p is mode A flashing automatically initiated.
case. T h e p r o g r a m o p e r a t e s in a given w h e n the " " cursor will 2 , 3 or 4 c o l u m n s c a n be
number of different modes cursor reaches appear o n t h e r i g h t chosen and after entering the no
w h i c h c a n be s e l e c t e d b y c o d e s c o l u m n 2 5 and a of the screen required the code letters for the
e n t e r e d at t h e key b o a r d . d o u b l e b e e p at m a r k i n g t h e print c o l u m n s are d i s p l a y e d ( ' a ' ' b ' ' c '
The main operating modes column 3 0 . The line. a n d ' d ' w i t h t h e r i g h t h a n d col-
( w i t h their a p p r o p r i a t e c o d e s } cursor " + " P r o v i d e d t h a t no umn always being'd'). Column
are:- automatically cursor c a l c u l a t i o n is in descriptions up to seven
m o v e s on t o t h e progress the key c h a r a c t e r s l o n g c a n n o w be
"type": Typewriting mode n e x t line b u t t h e r e entry " C u r s o r s y s t e m a t i c a l l y e n t e r e d (and cor-
allowing full t y p e w r i t i n g is n o a u t o r e p e a t f o r L e f t " will m o v e the r e c t e d if n e c e s s a r y ) .
facilities in c o l u m n s 1 - 3 0 o f key entry. delete cursor T h e f o r m u l a is n o w e n t e r e d .
the display w i t h various (behind the screen T h i s c a n be any a r i t h m e t i c a l ex-
delete options, Special k e y e n t r i e s ( w i t h s h i f t as it w e r e ) t o t h e pression up to 3 0 characters
"calc": C a l c u l a t o r mode w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e ) are:- r i g h t side of t h e l o n g b u t m u s t u s e t h e c o d e let-
allowing typewriting s c r e e n . Here it c a n ters of the c o l u m n s . The com-
facilities similar t o t h e a b o v e DELETE' : Autorepeat be u s e d t o d e l e t e p u t e r w i l l d i s p l a y " d = " a n d on-
b u t o n l y in c o l u m n s 1 - 1 5 backspace/delete any entries on that ly t h e r i g h t h a n d side o f t h e
while allowing the right hand ENTER' : Autorepeat new side. A t t h i s p o i n t e q u a t i o n is e n t e r e d .
s i d e o f t h e s c r e e n t o be u s e d line " C u r s o r R i g h t " witl T h e c a l c u l a t o r is n o r m a l l y set
as a c a l c u l a t o r . Easy inter- EDIT' : Gives " E n t e r return the cursor to t o g i v e a m a x of six d e c i m a l
c h a n g e is p o s s i b l e b e t w e e n required m o d e ' t h e l e f t h a n d side p l a c e s b u t t h e o p p o r t u n i t y is
the t y p i n g and calculating prompt of t h e s c r e e n . It is n o w g i v e n t o alter t h i s .
sub-modes. STOP' : Stop program not possible t o go Entry p r o m p t s w i l l n o w ap-
"table": User defined for- 'Cursor to the calculator pear s y s t e m a t i c a l l y (using t h e
mula driven table calculator Left' : G i v e s line d e l e t e sub-mode directly c o l u m n descriptions already
w h i c h c a n be u s e d w i t h c o m - cursor (flashing w i t h the " + " e n t e r e d . Entries w i t h m o r e t h a n
plex a r i t h m e t i c a l e x p r e s s i o n s " * " in c o l u m n c u r s o r o n t h e right s e v e n c h a r a c t e r s w i l l be r e f u s e d
w i t h u p t o 3 v a r i a b l e s . Op- 0). side. (and b e e p e d ) . A n y n o n n u m e r i c
tional total facility is e n t r y w i l l also be b e e p e d b u t w i l l
W i t h line d e l e t e - c u r s o r t h e
available.
f o l l o w i n g key entries ( w i t h shift 'Calculator' sub be a c c e p t e d (for reasons n o t e d
b e l o w ) . T h e o p p o r t u n i t y is g i v e n
T w o o t h e r m o d e s are available:
w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e ) c a n be u s e d .
mode t o c h e c k al! e n t r i e s b e f o r e
c o m p u t a t i o n o f t h e value is col-
Cursor Up M o v e s c u r s o r in
"copy": Copies the screen appropriate
T h e p r o m p t w i l l ask f o r n u m b e r u m n (d) is carried o u t . N o n
and gives o p t i o n t o take a fur- or o p e r a t o r e n t r y . N u m b e r o f en- n u m e r i c a e n t r i e s are a c c e p t a b l e
Cursor direction
t h e r c o p y if r e q u i r e d , t r i e s m u s t be n o m o r e t h a n 8 p r o v i d e d t h e c o l u m n is n o t b e i n g
Down autorepeat).
" n e w p a g e " : Copies the c h a r a c t e r long. S p u r i o u s e n t r i e s i n c l u d e d o n t h e c a l c u l a t i o n (eg.
'DELETE' D e l e t e s w h o l e line
s c r e e n as a b o v e b u t o n c o m - w i l l be b e e p e d . if f o r m u l a is d = b * c t h e n col-
t o the right of the
pletion scrolls the display t o R e l e v a n t o p e r a t o r s are: u m n (a) c a n be u s e d as c o l u m n s
cursor.
the next page. u s e d f o r c o m p u t a t i o n w i l l result
Cursor Returns t o normal
for addition. in an error. A s in " c a l c " a n y t o t a l
right typewriter state r t»
All t h e a b o v e c o d e s are in- for subtraction in c o l u m n (d) o u t w i t h n o r m a l
w i t h " T " cursor on
itialised in t h e p r o g r a m s o t h a t in # " for multiplication. n u m e r i c d i s p l a y w i l l be p r i n t e d
column 1 of the
t h e e v e n t o f a c r a s h or break in 7" for division. as a s t e r i s k s ( w i t h a p p r o p r i a t e
line t o t h e right o f
t h e p r o g r a m , it c a n be r e s t a r t e d ' + % " calculates % and beeps).
the cursor.
w i t h o u t disturbing the display a d d s result f r o m A f t e r e a c h line t h e o p p o r t u n i -
by u s i n g t h e c o m m a n d G O T O NOTE: W h e n the b o t t o m of the running total. t y is g i v e n t o c o n t i n u e t h e
" ( w h a t e v e r code appropriate)" s c r e e n is r e a c h e d e i t h e r b y calculates % and c a l c u l a t i o n or t o s t o p a n d if t h e
On running the program the n o r m a l t y p i n g or by use o f t h e s u b t r a c t s result t o latter t h e o p t i o n o f a t o t a l of col-
d p r o m p t " E n t e r required m o d e "
w i l l appear a n d t h e a p p r o p r i a t e
newline c o m m a n d t h e screen
p r o m t " S c r e e n full — go t o next sub"
running total.
gives subtotal
u m n (d) is g i v e n . Unlike t h e inter-
m e d i a t e line t o t a l s t h e t o t a l o f
c o d e s h o u l d be e n t e r e d f r o m t h e p a g e ? " w i l l a p p e a r . If t h e ' N ' k e y (marked w i t h c o l u m n (d) c a n b e d i s p l a y e d in
keyboard. The computer will not is p r e s s e d t h i s p r o m p t w i l l symbol" ") e i t h e r n o r m a l or e x p o n e n t n o t a -
accept spurious codes and will disappear andthe option of total" gives total- t i o n a n d t h u s c a n be a n y n u m b e r
A beep t o i n d i c a t e t h e f a c t . (In- obtaining and using the delete note" returns t o " n o t e " w i t h i n the range of the c o m -
d e e d all t h r o u g h t h e p r o g r a m c u r s o r is o p e n . If t h e ' Y ' key is sub-mode. p u t e r . O n c o m p l e t i o n o f all
spurious entries will get the pressed an automatic c a l c u l a t i o n s t h e c o m p u t e r dis-
same t r e a t m e n t w i t h one c o p y / n e w p a g e s e q u e n c e is Notes plays the 'Enter required m o d e '
n o t a b l e e x c e p t i o n in " t a b l e " initiated. prompt.
mode). T h e c a l c u l a t o r w i l l o n l y w o r k if N O T E : If o n f i r s t s e l e c t i n g t h e
Detailed instructions for each 'note' Flashing ' N ' c u r s o r n u m b e r s are d i s p l a y e d in n o r m a l " t a b l e " m o d e t h e print c u r s o r is .
m o d e are as f o l l o w s : sub-mode s h o w s initially. n o t a t i o n . W h e r e s u b t o t a l s or b e l o w line 1 5 t h e c o m p u t e r w i l l |

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY,MARCH 1 9 8 5 67
 I48K SPECTRUM DOMESTIC
automatically give a n e w page. delete cursor t o 4000
Subsequent automatic right hand side of 4 5 D I M f*(32>
c o p y / n e w p a g e sequences will screen ( w h i c h can 5 0 C L S : P R I N T AT 4 , 6 i " G E N E R A L
take place at line 1 9 and the cur- only happen w h e n
rent c o l u m n headings will be dis- t h i s flag = 0 ) . CALCULATION";AT 6,125"PROGRAM";
played automatically at the top totf : Determines AT 8 , 2 J * davld fm c a r m i c h a e l
of the n e w page. w h e t h e r total is in 1984)»
normal or e x p o n e n t
Technical notes n o t a t i o n and sets 6 0 P R I N T AT 1 2 , 4 ; " I n p u t i n s t r u
print position c t i o n s w i l l " } A T 1 3 , 4 ; • a p p e a r in"
'Descriptive' variables are used accordingly,
; F L A S H l;AT 13, 14; "-flashing"; F
t h r o u g h o u t the p r o g r a m and nof : Set at 1 by " n o ,
m o s t of t h e s e are self e x - c h e c k " routine LASH 0;AT 13,23;"mode";AT 15,4;"
planatory. (Line 9 7 0 0 ) if O t h e r i n s t r u c t i o n s a n d " ; A T 16,4;
Various flags are also used entry is non
numeric; otherwise
" q u e s t i o n s in p l a i n t e x t "
and these are n o t e d b e l o w :
0. 7 0 P R I N T AT 18,2;"Answer quest
notec : Determines w h i c h ions by p r e s s i n g ' i A T 1 9 , l ; " ' N * -f
p r o m p t is given in or * N O * and 'Y* for * Y E S *"
'calculator' sub- variables 8 0 PRINT «l;TAB 3;;"TO continu
m o d e of " c a l c "
w h e n changing The f o l l o w i n g non descriptive e p r e s s any k e y " : P A U S E 0
f r o m ' n o t e ' sub- variables are used: 90 CLS
mode. {if 0 t h e n
' n u m b e r ' is a$ 4 0 0 REM * * p a g e n o * *
p r o m p t e d : If 1 b$ General purpose 4 1 0 L E T x=l: LET y=l: PRINT AT
t h e n ' o p e r a t o r ' is n o n dimensioned. 0 , 2 4 ; " p a g e "jpage
prompted), d$ (4,7) Column
subtf : Controls w h e t h e r descriptions in 5 0 0 R E M * * m o d e " s e l e c t ion"
automatic 'table' m o d e , 510 BEEP .05,20: INPUT FLASH 1
subtotalling will e$ ( 4 , 7 ) input i n f o r m a t i o n in • »E n t e r r e q u i r e d mode"J F L A S H 0;
take place on entry
/
'table' mode.
i
of certain a) "; L I N E a *
operators. If 0 then b) 520 IF a ® = " t y p e " THEN GO T O ty
no subtotalling c)
takes place. The d) general purpose
pe
subtotal routine variables. 530 IF a * = " c a l c " THEN GO TO ca
automatically el lc
resets this flag t o f)
0. t 'table' total 5 4 0 IF a * = " t a b l e " T H E N GO T O t
calcf : Controls w h e t h e r x) able
a u t o m a t i c subtotal- V) general print 5 5 0 IF a « = " c o p y " T H E N PRINT AT
ling takes place position controls
after calculation. In Special print x,yI F L A S H 0 ; " GO SUB copy
the case of position c o n t r o l 5 6 0 IF a * = " n e w p a g e " T H E N G O SU
addition + used in 'table' B newpage
s u b t r a c t i o n this mode (see line
remains 0 but 4 2 2 0 and similar). 5 7 0 REM * * s p a c e f o r o t h e r m o d e s
**
other operators
such as " * " or Functions 9 9 0 B E E P .1,10: G O TO 5 0 0
" / " set this t o 1.
Like subtf this is T w o used defined f u n c t i o n s are 1000 REM * * t y p e m o d e * *
reset to 0 after included: 1 0 1 0 P R I N T A T x,y» F L A S H 1 » " T " :
subtotalling.
PAUSE 0
cursf : Is set to 1 as soon Line 9 8 0 0 Controls no of
as calculation decimal points. 1 0 2 0 L E T a » - I N K E Y « : IF THE
starts and c o n t r o l s Line 9 8 1 0 % f u n c t i o n used in N G O TO 1 0 2 0
m o v e m e n t of line 'calc' mode.
1030 BEEP .005,2
1 REM "GENCALC-1984" 1100 REM H c o n t r o l s H
10 C L S : P R I N T A T 1 , 0 ) " P r o g r a m 1 1 1 0 XF a » - C H R » 8 T H E N G O T O 15
l o a d e d M A T 3 , 0 ; " P l e a s e s t o p rec 00
o r d e r and w a i t " 1 1 2 0 IF a » - C H R « 12 T H E N GO TO 1
20 PAUSE 100 400
3 0 L E T n o = 0 : L E T y e s = l : L E T pa 1 1 3 0 IF a « - C H R » 13 T H E N GO TO 1
ge=l: LET newpage=9600:-LET copy 300
= 9 3 0 0 : L E T c o p y o k = 9 4 1 0 : L E T 1nfp 1 1 4 0 IF a » = C H R » 7 T H E N G O TO m o
= 9 4 2 0 : L E T s c r o l 1 = 9 4 3 0 : L E T tabl de
eok=9440: LET colsok=9450: LET d 1 1 9 0 IF a * - C H R « 2 2 6 T H E N STOP
pok=9460: LET nocheck=9700 1200 REM * * t y p e * *
40 LET cursf=0: LET notec=0: L 1 2 1 0 IF y - 3 0 A N D x<21 T H E N PRIN
ET dp=6: LET x=l: LET y=l: LET m T A T x , y f a * | A T x + l , U F L A S H 1|"T
ode=500: LET type=1000: LET calc •: G O T O 1 2 3 0
=2000: LET subt=3400: LET table= 1 2 1 5 IF y - 3 1 A N D x - 2 1 T H E N GO T

68 ZX COMPUTING FE8RUARY MARCH 1985

 48K SPECTRUM DOMESTIC!
O 1020 1 5 8 0 L E T b « - I N K E Y « : IF b « - a * T H E
1220 P R I N T AT x , y * a * | A T x,y+l| F N GO T O 1 5 8 0
LASH 1|"T" 1590 GO TO 1530
1230 LET y-y + 1 1600 REM H c u r s o r up**
1 2 4 0 IF y - 2 3 T H E N BEEP .03,15 1 6 1 0 IF x-1 T H E N GO TO 1590
1 2 3 0 IF y - 3 0 T H E N BEEP .03,13: 1 6 2 0 P R I N T A T x , 0 | * "I A T x - l , 0 |
P A U S E 10! B E E P . 0 3 , 1 3 F L A S H 1|-*-
1 2 6 0 IF y - 3 1 A N D x < 2 1 T H E N LET 1630 LET x—x — 1
y«l: LET x-x+l: GO TO 1280 1633 BEEP .05,25
1 2 7 0 IF y - 3 1 A N D x - 2 1 T H E N BEEP 1 6 4 0 L E T b * - I N K E Y « : IF b * = a * T H E
1 , 1 3 : GO S U B s c r o l l : IF a n s - y e s N PAUSE 0
THEN GO SUB newpage: PRINT AT 1 6 5 0 G O TO 1 5 3 0
x,yI F L A S H 1 | - T - 1660 REM **cursor d o w n * *
1 2 8 0 L E T b * - I N K E Y « : IF b » - a * T H E 1 6 7 0 IF x - 2 1 T H E N GO TO 1 5 9 0
N GO TO 1280 1 6 8 0 P R I N T A T x , 0 | " •| AT x + l , 0 |
1290 GO TO 1020 F L A S H 1|"*"
1300 REM H n t H l i n t M 1690 LET x-x+l
1310 BEEP .03,15 1695 BEEP .05,25
1 3 2 0 IF x - 2 1 T H E N P R I N T AT x , y | 1 7 0 0 L E T b « - I N K E Y « : IF b » - a * T H E
• •: L E T y - 3 l : P R I N T A T x , y | F L A N PAUSE 0
SH 1|"T": GO TO 1270 1 7 1 0 GO T O 1 5 3 0
1 3 3 0 P R I N T A T x t y | F L A S H 0 } " "|A 1800 REM * * 1 i r e d e l e t e * *
T x+l,l| FLASH 11"T" 1 8 1 0 P R I N T AT x , 1 J •
1340 LET x - x + l : LET y-1
1350 PAUSE 3 1 8 2 0 L E T b « = I N K E Y * : IF b * = a » T H E
1 3 6 0 G O TO 1 0 2 0 N GO TO 1820
1400 REM * * b a c k s p a c e / d e l e t e * * 1830 BEEP .1,10
1 4 1 0 IF y - 1 A N D x>l T H E N PRINT 1840 GO TO 1530
AT x,l|" "|AT x-1,301 F L A S H 1|"T 1830 REM **c1ear d e l e t e / c u r s o r * *
a 1 8 6 0 P R I N T A T x , 0 f - »|AT x , l | FL
1 4 2 0 IF x-1 A N D y - 1 T H E N PRINT ASH 1;"T"
A T x , y + 1|• • | A T x t y | F L A S H 1 | » T * 1 8 6 5 L E T y-1
: BEEP 1,13: GO TO 1020 1 8 7 0 L E T b * = I N K E Y * : IF b * - a * T H E
1 4 3 0 IF y O l T H E N PRINT AT x,y| N GO TO 1 8 7 0
• "|AT x,y-1I F L A S H 1|"T" 1880 BEEP .1,10
1440 LET y—y-1 1 8 9 0 G O TO 1 0 2 0
1 4 5 0 IF y — 0 T H E N LET y-30: LET 2 0 0 0 REM **calc m o d e * *
x-x-1 2002 LET dp-6
1 4 6 0 IF x - 0 T H E N LET x-1: LET y 2 0 0 5 IF y > 1 5 T H E N P R I N T AT x,yi
- 1 " •: L E T y-lS L E T x - x + l
1470 BEEP .05,10 2 0 1 0 P R I N T AT x,yI F L A S H 1 | " N B :
1 4 8 0 L E T b * - I N K E Y « : IF b*=>a* T H E PAUSE 0
N PAUSE 0 2 0 2 0 L E T a » - I N K E Y » : IF a » - • * T H E
1490 GO TO 1020 N GO TO 2 0 2 0
1500 REM **delete /cursor** 2030 BEEP .005,2
1 5 1 0 P R I N T A T x , y | " "I A T x , 0 | FL 2 1 0 0 REM * * c o n t r o l s * *
ASH 1|•*" 2 1 1 0 IF a * - C H R » 8 T H E N GO TO 2 5
1 5 2 0 L E T b » - I N K E Y » : IF b * - a * T H E 00
N G O TO 1 5 2 0 2 1 2 0 IF a » - C H R » 12 T H E N G O TO 2
1 5 3 0 L E T a » - I N K E Y » : IF THE 400
N G O TO 1 3 3 0 2 1 3 0 IF a » - C H R * 13 T H E N G O TO 2
1 3 4 0 IF a » = C H R » 9 T H E N G O TO 18 300
50 2 1 4 0 IF a * - C H R * 7 T H E N G O TO mo
1 5 5 0 IF a9i=CHR* 10 T H E N GO T O 1 de •
660 2 1 5 0 IF a » - C H R » 9 A N D n o t e c = 0 TH
1 5 6 0 IF a » - C H R » 11 T H E N G O TO 1 EN GO TO 3 0 0 0
600 2 1 5 5 IF a » - C H R » 9 A N D n o t e c - 1 TH
1 5 7 0 IF a * - C H R S 12 T H E N GO TO 1 EN P R I N T A T x , y | " •I A T x , 3 1 | FL
800 ASH !!•<": GO TO 3 1 6 0

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1 9 8 5 69

 48K SPECTRUM DOMESTIC!
2 1 9 0 IF a * » C H R « 2 2 6 T H E N STOP : GO T O 3 6 0 0
2 2 0 0 REM * * n o t e * * 2 5 5 0 IF a * = C H R * 10 THEN GO TO 2
2 2 1 0 IF y = 1 5 A N D x < 2 1 T H E N PRIN 660
T AT x , y | a * | A T x + I , l | F L A S H 1 | " N 2 3 6 0 IF a « - C H R * 11 T H E N GO T O 2
" : (30 T O 2 2 3 0 600
2220 PRINT AT x,y|a*fAT x,y*l| F 2370 IF a * - C H R * 12 T H E N GO T O 2
L A S H 1|"N" 800
2230 LET y«y+l 2 3 8 0 L E T b « « I N K E Y » : IF b » - a * T H E
2 2 4 0 IF y « 1 2 T H E N BEEP .03,15 N GO T O 2 5 8 0
2 2 5 0 IF y - 1 5 T H E N BEEP .05,15: 2 3 9 0 GO TO 2 3 3 0
P A U S E 10: B E E P . 0 5 , 1 5 2 6 0 0 REM H c u n o r u p * *
2 2 6 0 IF y - 1 6 A N D x < 2 l T H E N LET 2 6 1 0 IF x-1 T H E N GO T O 2 3 9 0
y-l: LET x-x + 1 2 6 2 0 P R I N T A T x , 0 | - •|AT x - l , 0 |
2 2 7 0 IF y - 1 6 A N D x > « 2 0 T H E N BEE F L A S H 1|
P 1 , 1 5 : GO S U B s c r o l l : IF a n * » y e 2 6 3 0 LET x-x-1
s THEN GO SUB newpage: P R I N T AT 2633 BEEP .03,25
x,y) FLASH 1|"N" 2 6 4 0 L E T b * - I N K E Y « : IF b * - a « T H E
2 2 8 0 L E T b » - I N K E Y » : IF b * » a » T H E N PAUSE 0
N GO TO 2 2 8 0 2 6 5 0 GO TO 2 5 3 0
2 2 9 0 GO TO 2 0 2 0 2 6 6 0 REM **cursor d o w n * *
2 3 0 0 REM * * n e w l i n e * * 2 6 7 0 IF x — 2 1 T H E N GO TO 2 5 9 0
2310 BEEP .05,15 2 6 8 0 P R I N T A T x , 0 | " '|AT x + l , 0 |
2 3 2 0 IF x « 2 0 T H E N PRINT AT x,y| FLASH 1|"+•
• LET y-16: P R I N T AT x,y| FLA 2690 LET x-x+l
S H II"N"S G O T O 2 2 7 0 2695 BEEP .05,25
2 3 3 0 P R I N T AT x , y f • | AT x + l t l | 2 7 0 0 L E T b « - I N K E Y « : IF b « - a » T H E
F L A S H 1|"N" N PAUSE 0
2 3 4 0 L E T x - x + l : L E T y-l 2 7 1 0 G O TO 2 5 3 0
2350 PAUSE 5 2 8 0 0 REM * * l i n » d e l e t e * *
2 3 6 0 GO T O 2 0 2 0 2 8 1 0 PRINT AT x,1|•
•
2 4 0 0 REM * * b a c k a p a c e / d e l e t e * *
2 4 1 0 IF y-l A N D X > 1 T H E N PRINT 2 8 2 0 L E T b * - I N K E Y » : IF b * - a * T H E
A T x , l | * " |AT x - 1 , 1 5 1 F L A S H 1 | * N N GO TO 2 8 2 0
2830 BEEP .1,10
2 4 2 0 IF x=l A N D y - l T H E N PRINT 2840 GO TO 2530
A T x , y * 1 1 " "I A T x , y | F L A S H 1 | " N ' 2 8 5 0 REM **c1ear d e l e t e / c u r s o r * *
: B E E P 1 , 1 5 : GO TO 2 0 2 0 2 8 6 0 P R I N T A T x , 0 | " M A T x , l | FL
2 4 3 0 IF y O l T H E N PRINT AT x,y| ASH 11"N"
• •|AT x,y-l| F L A S H 1|»N" 2 8 6 3 L E T y-l
2440 LET y-y-1 2 8 7 0 L E T b » - I N K E Y » : IF b * - a * T H E
2 4 5 0 IF y - 0 T H E N LET y-15: LET N GO TO 2 8 7 0
x=x -1 2880 BEEP .1,10
2 4 6 0 IF x = 0 T H E N LET x»l: LET y 2 8 9 0 GO TO 2 0 2 0
- 1 3 0 0 0 REM * * c a l c u l a t o r * *
2470 BEEP .05,10 3 0 1 0 REM * * no. and m o d e * *
2 4 8 0 L E T b * - I N K E Y « : IF b » - a « T H E 3 0 2 0 LET c»«-": LET cursf-l: LET
N PAUSE 0 mubt-f —01 L E T calc-F-0
2 4 9 0 GO TO 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 P R I N T A T x t y | " ": P R I N T A T
2 3 0 0 REM * * d e l « t e / c u r s o r * * x,31I F L A S H 1 | » < "
2 5 1 0 P R I N T A T x , y | " •I A T x t 0 | FL 3 0 3 5 REM * * number entry * *
ASH 1|*•* 3040 INPUT FLASH 11"Enter nunbt
2 5 2 0 L E T b » - I N K E Y » : IF b * - a « T H E r"I F L A S H 0 | • "I L I N E a » : G O S U B
N G O TO 2 5 2 0 n o c h e c k : IF n o f « l T H E N B E E P Ll
2 5 3 0 L E T a » - I N K E Y » : IF a » = " " T H E , 1 3 : GO T O 3 0 4 0
N GO TO 2 5 3 0 3 0 3 0 IF L E N a » > 8 T H E N BEEP .2,2
2 3 4 0 IF a * - C H R « 9 T H E N GO TO 2 8 0: BEEP .2,20: BEEP .2,20: BEEP
50 . 2 , 2 0 : GO T O 3 0 4 0
2 5 4 5 IF a«=*CHR« 8 A N D curs-f-0 T H 3 1 0 0 IF a » ( l ) < > " - " T H E N PRINT A
EN P R I N T AT x , 0 | " BEEP .1,25 T x,22|a9

70 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH198570

 ;K SPECTRUM DOMESTIC)
3 1 0 5 IF a « t l ) » ' - " T H E N PRINT AT ASH 0 f ": L E T x = x + l: IF x = 21 T H
xf 21| a * EN GO S U E newpage
3130 LET c*=c»+a* 3233 PRINT AT x,3l; FLASH lf"<"
3140 PRINT AT x,31|" L E T x«x+ 3 7 3 4 IF b $ = " % " T H E N L E T a=a-b
l: P R I N T A T x,31» F L A S H 1 | - < B 3 2 3 6 IF THEN L E T a=-a+b
3 1 4 5 IF x > * 2 1 T H E N GO SUB newpa 3 2 8 8 IF a < > 0 A N D (ABS a > 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
ge OR A B S a < . 0 0 0 0 1 ) T H E N B E E P .2,
3 1 4 7 IF c a l c f - 1 T H E N GO S U B sub 10: B E E P . 2 , 1 9 : B E E P . 2 , 1 0 : B E E P
t: L E T subt-f = 0 .2,10: P R I N T A T x,22;"*****-***•
3150 REM * * operator * * : GO T O 3 0 0 0
3160 INPUT FLASH If'Enter opera 3 2 9 0 IF 3 G N a O - 1 T H E N PRINT AT
tor"I F L A S H 0 J - LINE b» a,17;">"JAT x,22;a
3 1 7 0 IF •note" THEN PRINT AT 3 2 9 2 IF S G N a = - l T H E N PRINT AT
x , 3 1 | " *: L E T n o t e c = l : L E T y - l S X,17;">";AT 21;a
GO TO 2 0 0 0 3294 LET cS^STR* a
3 1 8 0 IF b * = " t o t a l • T H E N GO TO 3 3 2 9 6 P R I N T A T x , 3 1 J" ": L E T x~x +
500 l: P R I N T A T < , 3 1 ; F L A S H 1 ; " < "
3 1 9 0 IF b ® = " s u b " T H E N L E T subt-f 3 3 0 0 GO T 0 3 1 6 0
GO S U B s u b t : G O T O 3 1 6 0 3 3 3 0 L E T cS = c.$ + bf
3 1 9 4 IF calc-f = 1 A N D n o t e c = l T H E N 3 3 4 0 GO TO 3 0 4 0
P R I N T A T x, 31; " ": L E T x = x + l : 3400 REM ** subtotal * *
IF x >=21 T H E N GO SUB newpage 3 4 0 5 IF subt-f = 0 T H E N GO TO 3 4 7 0
3 1 9 8 IF c a 1 c + = l A N D n o t e c = l T H E N 3410 LET a=VAL c*: LET c««STR» a
GO S U B s u b t 3 4 2 0 IF A<>0 A N D (ABS a > 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
3 2 0 0 IF b * = ' + " T H E N P R I N T A T x, OP A B S a < . 0 3 0 0 1 ) T H E N B E E P .2,
16J"add": LET subt+=l: GO TO 331 ICR: BEEP . 2 , 1 0 : BEEP . 2 , 1 0 : BEEP
0
. 2 , 1 0 : P R I N T A T x,221 ' X M X M M M X M "
3 2 1 0 IF b ® = " - • T H E N PRINT AT xp : GO TO 3430
16; " d d c t " : L E T s u b t 4 = l: G O T O 3 3 3 4 3 0 P R I N T AT x , 1 7 ; " > "
10 3 4 4 0 IF S G N a O - 1 T H E N P R I N T AT
3 2 2 0 IF b * = " * " T H E N GO S U B subt X,22JFN d(a)
: P R I N T AT x , 1 6 J " m u l t " I L E T calc 3450 I F S G N a=-1 T H E N P R I N T A T

LET subt+=l: GO TO 3 3 1 0 a ,21; F N d ( a )

3 2 3 0 IF b » = • / • T H E N GO S U B subt 3 4 6 0 P R I N T A T x , 3 1 | " ": L E T x - x +
: P R I N T A T x, 16? "di v" : L E T calc-f l: IF x >=21 T H E N GO SUB newpage
= 1 : L E T s u b t f = 1: G O T O 3 3 1 0 3465 PRINT AT x,31} FLASH 1J"<"
3 2 3 5 IF x > = 19 A N D < b $ = " + % " OR b » 3466 LET subtf=0: LET calc+=0
="-*"} THEN GO SUB newpage: L E T 3470 RETURN
x=l 3500 PRINT AT x,16|"T0T": L E T no
3 2 4 0 IF b * = " + % " T H E N GO SUB sub t e c = 0 : L E T curs-f = 0
t: P R I N T A T x , 1 6 ; " a d d * " 3510 LET a=VAL c«: LET c*=""
3 2 5 0 IF b $ = " - % " T H E N GO SUB sub 3 5 2 0 IF a< > 0 A N D <ABS a > 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
t: P R I N T A T x , 1 6 ; " d d c t % " OR A B S a < . 0 0 0 0 1 ) T H E N B E E P .2,
3 2 5 4 IF b » = " + % " OR b * = " - % " T H E N If?: B E E P . 2 , 1 0 : B E E P . 2 , 1 0 : B E E P
LET s u b t + = 0 : G O T O 3 2 6 0 .2,10: PRINT AT x , 2 2 J " * * * * * * * * "
3253 BEEP .1,10: GO TO 3 1 6 0 : GC TO 2000
3 2 6 0 P R I N T A T x,31» F L A S H 0 ; " ": 3 5 3 0 IF S G N a O - 1 T H E N PRINT AT
L E T x = x +1: P R I N T A T x , 3 l ; F L A S H a,22;FN d(a)
1 ; •< " 3 5 4 0 IF S G N a = - l T H E N PRINT AT
3265 INPUT FLASH l;"Enter perce *,21;FN d(a)
n t a g e " ; F L A S H 0 ; " "; L I N E a * : IF 3 5 5 0 P R I N T A T ' x,31; " ": L E T X-X +
LEN a$>5 THEN BEEP .1,10: GO T l: L E T y=l: IF x >=21 T H E N GO SU
O 3265 F newpage
3 2 6 3 G O S U B n o c h e c k : IF no-f = l T H 3 5 6 0 IF x = 2 1 T H E N GO SUB newpag
EN BEEP .1,10: GO TO 3265 e
3270 PRINT AT x,16?a$ 3 5 7 0 GO TO 2000
3 2 7 5 L E T -f = V A L a * : L E T a = V A L c » 3 6 0 0 R E M * * d e l e t e / c u r s o r **'
32S0 LET b=FN p(a) 3 6 1 0 P R I N T A T x,31J F L A S H l f +m
32C2 PRINT AT x,23fb;AT x,31| FL 3 6 2 0 L E T b * = I N K E Y « : IF b » = a « T H E

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY,MARCH 1 9 8 5 71
 I48K SPECTRUM DOMESTIC
N GO TO 3 6 2 0 0 TO 4 1 8 0
3 6 3 0 L E T a * = I N K E Y * : IF a * « • • T H E 4 1 7 0 IF c o l s = 4 T H E N P R I N T A T x,
N GO T O 3 6 3 0 2J"(a)";AT x,10?'(b)';AT x,18|•(
3 6 4 0 IF a « = C H R * 9 T H E N PRINT AT c)•(AT x , 2 6 | • ( d ) L E T start-0:
1
x, 3 1 1 " LET y-l: BEEP .1,25: L E T space *!: GO T O 4 1 8 0
P R I N T A T x , 0; F L A S H 1 | " + " : GO TO 4 1 8 0 LET x=x+l
2520 4 2 0 0 REM H c o l desc 1 * *
3 6 5 0 IF a * = C H R « 10 T H E N G O TO 3 4 2 1 0 F O R e = l TO c o l s
770 4220 LET z^start+(7+space)*(e-1)
3 6 6 0 IF a«="=CHR* 11 T H E N G O TO 3 4 2 3 0 INPUT FLASH 1|"Enter col.
700 d e s c r . " J F L A S H 0 * " "} L I N E d«(e>
3 6 7 0 IF a * - C H R * 12 T H E N GO T O 3 4 2 4 0 P R I N T AT x , z | d * ( e )
850 4 2 5 0 G O S U B info
3 6 8 0 L E T b « - I N K E Y » J IF b » - a » T H E 4 2 6 0 IF a n s = n o T H E N P R I N T A T x,
N GO TO 3 6 8 0 z|" ": G O TO 4 2 3 0
3690 GO TO 3630 4280 NEXT e
3 7 0 0 R E M * * c u r s o r up * * 4 3 0 0 REM * * f o r m u l a * *
3 7 1 0 IF x~l T H E N GO TO 3 6 3 0 4320 PRINT AT x-2,0f"d«"
3 7 2 0 PRINT AT x,31J" * J AT x-1,31 4 3 3 0 INPUT FLASH 1}"Enter formu
| F L A S H 1|" + " 1 a* f F L A S H 0 J • d = "; L I N E b * : IF
3 7 3 0 LET x=x-l LEN b * >30 THEN GO T O 4 3 3 0
3735 BEEP .05,25 4 3 4 0 PRINT AT x - 2 , 2 » b *
3 7 4 0 L E T b«*=INKEY«: IF b * » a * T H E 4 3 5 0 G O S U B info
N PAUSE 0 4 3 6 0 IF a n s = n o THEN PRINT AT x
3 7 5 0 G O TO 3 6 3 0 - 2 , 2 1 •
3 7 6 0 REM *-* c u r s o r d o w n * * GO T O 4 3 3 0
3 7 7 0 IF x - 2 1 T H E N G O TO 3 6 3 0 4 4 0 0 REM ** decimal p l a c e s * *
3 7 8 0 P R I N T AT x , 3 1 | " •iAT x + 1 , 3 1 4 4 1 0 GO SUB dpok
I FLASH 1|"•• 4 4 2 0 IF a n s » y e s T H E N GO TO 4 5 0 0
3 7 9 0 L E T x«=x + l 4450 INPUT FLASH 1J"Enter dec.
3795 BEEP .05,25 p l a c e s r e q u i r e d " ) F L A S H 0 ) " "(dp
3 8 0 0 L E T b * » I N K E Y « : IF b « = a « T H E 4 4 6 0 IF d p > 6 T H E N GO TO 4 4 4 0
N PAUSE 0 4 4 7 0 L E T d p = I N T d p : G O TO 4 4 1 0
3 8 1 0 G O TO 3 6 3 0 4 5 0 0 REM * * e n t e r v a r i a b l e s * *
3 8 5 0 R E M * * line d e l e t e * * 4 5 0 5 L E T tot-f =*0: L E T t = 0 : L E T x =
3 8 6 0 PRINT AT x,16|- x+2
a 4 5 1 0 F O R e=l TO c o l s - l
3 8 7 0 L E T b*«=INKEY*: IF b * = a » T H E 4520 INPUT FLASH ll("Enter •|d*
N GO TO 3 8 7 0 (e))f F L A S H 0 ; " "I L I N E a »
3880 BEEP .1,10 4 5 3 0 IF L E N a « > 7 T H E N B E E P .1,1
3 8 9 0 G O TO 3 6 3 0 01 GO TO 4 5 2 0
4 0 0 0 REM * * table * * 4540 LET e * ( e ) » a *
4005 PRINT AT x,yl" " 4 5 5 0 G O S U B n o c h e c k : IF n o f - 1 TH
4 1 1 0 L E T x - x + 2 : IF x > 1 6 T H E N GO EN BEEP .1,20
SUB nenpage: LET x-2 4560 LET z=start+(7+space)*(e-1>
4120 INPUT FLASH If"Enter no. o 4 5 7 0 PRINT AT x,zje*(e>
•f c o l u m n s req."J F L A S H 0 | " "Icol 4580 NEXT e
s: IF c o 1 s < 2 O R c o l s >4 T H E N GO 4 5 9 0 G O S U B info
TO 4 1 2 0 4 6 0 0 IF a n s - n o THEN P R I N T AT x
4125 GO SUB colsok , 0 1 + * : GO TO 4 5 1 0
4 1 2 8 IF a n s - n o T H E N GO TO 4 1 2 0 4 6 0 1 R E M * * c a l c total * *
4 1 3 0 DIM d » ( c o l s , 7 > : DIM • • ( c o l s 4 6 0 2 L E T a-F 1 a g = 0 : L E T b f l a g » 0 : L
.,7) E T c-f 1 a g = 0
4 1 5 0 IF c o l s - 2 T H E N P R I N T A T x, 4 6 0 4 FOR e-1 TO LEN b *
7|"(a)"J AT x , 2 2 | M d > " : LET start 4 6 0 6 IF b * ( e ) » " a " T H E N LET a+la
-5S L E T s p a c e - 8 : GO T O 4 1 8 0 g=l
4 1 6 0 IF c o l s - 3 T H E N P R I N T A T x, 4 6 0 8 IF b * ( e ) = " b " T H E N LET bfla
4 1 " ( a ) • ( A T x , 1 4 | " ( b ) ' J AT x , 2 4 » " ( g=l
d)"i L E T s t a r t = 2 ! L E T s p a c e = 3 : G 4 6 1 0 IF b * ( e ) = " c " T H E N LET c+la

72 ZX COMPUTING FE8RUARY MARCH 1985

 48K SPECTRUM DOMESTIC!
g=l 5120 NEXT f
4612 NEXT e 5 1 3 0 IF -f < >8 T H E N L E T a « ( I N T (1
4 6 1 5 IF c o l s > = 2 A N D a * l a g « l T H E N 0"* t L E N -f - 2 ) * V A L c * + . 5 ) > / 1 0 ~ ( L
LET a=VAL e* < 1 > EN c $ - f - 2 )
4 6 2 0 IF c o l s > = 3 A N D b + l a g - 1 T H E N 5 1 3 5 IF -f = 8 T H E N L E T t = INT <t + .
LET b=VAL e*(2) 5)
4 6 3 0 IF c o l s = 4 A N D c f l a g = l T H E N 5140 RETURN
LET c=VAL e$(3) 9 3 0 0 REM * * c o p y * *
4640 LET d = VAL L E T t=t + d 9310 COPY
4650 LET z=start+(7+space)*(cols 9 3 2 0 GO S U B c o p y o k
-1 ) 9 3 3 0 IF a n s = n o T H E N P R I N T A T 0,
4 6 6 0 IF d< >0 A N D CABS d > 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0: GO TO c o p y
OR A B S d < . 0 0 0 0 1 ) T H E N B E E P .2, 9340 RETURN
10: B E E P . 2 , 1 0 : B E E P . 2 , 1 0 : B E E P 9 4 0 0 REM * * screen prompts * *
. 2 , 1 0 : P R I N T A T x,z{ ' X M M X K X M H ' : 9 4 1 0 P R I N T tt1 J "Copy O K ? " : G O TO
GO T O 4 9 1 0 9500
4 6 6 5 IF c o l s = 4 T H E N LET c * = S T R * 9420 PRINT «1|'Information corre
d: IF L E N c t > 8 T H E N GO S U B 5 1 0 C t ? " : GO TO 9 5 0 0
0: LET d=a 9 4 3 0 P R I N T # 1 ; T A B l ; " S c r e e n full
4 6 7 0 IF S G N d < > - l T H E N P R I N T AT Go to next p a g e ? " : GO TO 9 5 0 0
x , z ; F N d (d ) 9 4 4 0 PRINT #1;"Is table calc. co
4 6 8 0 IF S G N d = - 1 T H E N PRINT AT Tnp 1 e t e ? " : GO TO 9 5 0 0
x,2-1;FN d(d) 7 4 5 0 P R I N T H l i c o l s i " c o l u m n s sel
4920 GO SUB tab1eok ected - OK?".* G O TO 9 5 0 0
4 9 3 0 IF a n s = y e s T H E N GO TO 5 0 0 0 9460 PRINT Hi;"Maximum decimal p
4 9 6 0 L E T x=*x + l: IF x > = 2 1 T H E N G l a c e s " ;dp; " - O K ? " : GO TO 9 5 0 0
O S O B n e w p a g e : F O R e=l TO c o l s : <=>500 IF I N K E V « = " n " T H E N LET ans
LET z = s t a r t + ( 7 + s p a c e ) * ( e - l ) : PRI ~0; I N P U T •": GO TO 9 5 3 0
N T A T x , z ; d * ( e ) : N E X T e: L E T x»x 9 5 1 0 IF I N K E Y $ = " y " T H E N LET ana
+ 2 =1: I N P U T GO TO 9 5 3 0
4 9 7 0 GO TO 4 5 1 0 9520 GO TO 9 5 0 0
5 0 0 0 P R I N T *t 1; T A B lj "Total r e q u i "530 RETURN
red?" °600 REM * * n e w p a g e * *
5 0 2 0 IF I N K E Y * = " y " T H E N INPUT " 9605 PRINT AT x,y;" "
L E T x = x + l : GO T O 5 0 4 5 9610 GO S U B c o p y
5 0 3 0 IF I N K E Y * = " n " T H E N INPUT • 9620 LET x=1: LET y=l: LET p a g e -
": L E T t = 0 : GO TO 5 0 7 0 page 1
5 0 4 0 GO TO 5 0 2 0 r>6Z0 I N P U T AT 2 2 , 0 J " ";"": P R I N T
5 0 4 5 IF t < > 0 T H E N IF A B S t > 9 9 9 9 AT 0 , 0 ; f *
9 9 9 9 OR A B S t < . 0 0 0 0 1 T H E N LET t 9 6 4 0 P R I N T AT 0 , 2 4 ; " p a g e " ; p a g e
ot* = l 9650 RETURN
5 0 4 8 IF t o t f = 0 A N D col 5 = 4 T H E N 9 7 0 0 REM * * no c h e c k * *
L E T c * = S T R $ t: IF L E N c * > 8 T H E N 9 7 0 2 L E T d p c o u n t=0: L E T no*f=0
GO S U B 5 1 0 0 : L E T t = a 9 7 0 4 IF a * = " " T H E N LET nof=l
5 0 5 0 IF t o t f = 0 A N D S G N t < > - l T H E 9 7 0 5 F O R f = l TO L E N a $
N P R I N T A T x , 2 - 7 ; " T O T A L •iAT x, 9 7 0 6 IF (*>="." THEN LET dpco
z;FN d(t) iint-dpcount + l : IF d p c o u n t > 1 T H E N
5 0 5 5 IF tot f = 0 A N D S G N t = -l T H E N L E T no-f = 1
PRINT AT x , z - 7 J " T O T A L " S A T x,z- 9 7 2 0 IF A N D (+>1 OR L E
1;FN d (t) N a$=l) THEN L E T no-f=l
5 0 6 0 IF t o t f — 1 T H E N P R I N T A T x, 7 7 3 0 IF a « ( f ) < > " j " A N D a * ( f ) < > " .
L2 ; " T O T A L ";t " A M D (CODE at (-f ) >57 OR C O D E a * (
5070 LET tot+=0: LET x-x+1 f)<43> T H E N L E T no + = l
5 0 8 0 IF x > = 2 1 T H E N GO S U B n * H p a 9740 NEXT i
ge 9750 RETURN
5 0 9 0 GO TO m o d e 9799 REM ** f u n c t i o n s * *
5 1 0 0 F O R f = L E N c « TO 1 S T E P - 1 9 3 0 0 EEF FN d ( x ) = ( I N T (10~dp*x+0
5 1 1 0 IF c * ( f ) » " . " T H E N G O TO 51 .5!)/10"dp
30 9 C 1 0 DEF FN p C x ) = ( f / 1 0 0 ) * x

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1 9 8 5 73

 (HARDWARE REVIEW!

The Musical Midi

list t h e m I'll describe a d e m o n -
stration Mike did w h i c h may
give y o u some idea of the prac-
tical usage.

A specialist application for the Performance

Spectrum unveiled by Ray Elder. First he set his m a s t e r s y n t h . t o a
bass guitar voice, set t h e track
t o 1 and set a channel on the
display to 2 . He then
" r e c o r d e d " a piece of m u s i c .
14' —1* ^ J l 1 Cl^ j i• Next M i k e set his master
s y n t h (he had at least six in-
struments connected!) to a
piano v o i c e , set the channel on
the display t o 3 and recorded a
Early o n e e v e n i n g r e c e n t l y S p e c t r u m by a ribbon cable, and Several programs are under
r y h t h m on track t w o , w h i l e
f o u n d me m o t o r i n g east w i t h three DIN s o c k e t s t o the d e v e l o p m e n t and several are
listening to the original track be-
t o w a r d s Basildon, I had been in- s o u n d s o u r c e . A pulsing LED in- available n o w . He d e m o n s t r a t e d
ing replayed.
v i t e d t o the h o m e of M r . M i k e dicated that the connection w a s one w h i c h provided a library of
He recorded five tracks in all
Beacher for a d e m o n s t r a t i o n of OK. sounds p r o g r a m m e d for a syn-
each w i t h a different channel
an interface and s o f t w a r e he W h a t is special a b o u t this thesiser, a l t h o u g h usually a
number and t h e n he set up each
w a s producing to w o r k w i t h the Midi s y s t e m is t h a t the signals t o selection of preset voices are
of the other s y n t h s .
latest d e v e l o p m e n t in m u s i c a l and f r o m the interface are not p r o v i d e d , the full p o t e n t i a l of the
Each s y n t h c o u l d be s w i t c h -
keyboards. musical notes or s o u n d , but are infinitely variable settings of the
ed t o a channel c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o
The most expensive pure electronic signals w h i c h s o u n d envelope is rarely ex-
the channel number w h i c h w a s
keyboard synthesiser in- c o n t a i n all the i n f o r m a t i o n need- plored. A s w e l l as p r o v i d i n g a n
selected w h e n recording a n d so
s t r u m e n t s are n o w being f i t t e d ed by the k e y b o a r d t o p r o d u c e e x t e n s i v e built in set u p library
o n playback each synthesiser
w i t h w h a t is k n o w n as a Midi in- the s o u n d . the program o f f e r e d a visually
played back separately its o w n
terface, but in line w i t h m o s t This means t h a t not only the s t u n n i n g o p t i o n t o define your
part in the appropriate v o i c e .
electronic developments, the note, p i t c h and d u r a t i o n is sent o w n sounds.
The s o u n d w a s f a n t a s t i c , as if a
c o s t of t h e s e are r a p i d l y b u t also the v o i c e ( t y p e of This w a s a simple t o use w a y
full g r o u p or orchestra w e r e
decreasing. Casio plan t o have s o u n d ) , pressure, v o l u m e and all of a p p r o a c h i n g a n e x t r e m e l y
playing especially w h e n the M i d i
one of the cheapest m a r k e t e d the other s o p h i s t i c a t e d i n f o r m a - c o m p l e x f e a t u r e d of m o d e r n
drum machine w a s added w i t h
before this is published at under tion required t o recreate a s o u n d k e y b o a r d s , a n y o n e w h o has
fully p r o g r a m m a b l e a n d syn-
£300. is being supplied. been playing w i t h one of the
chronised accompaniament.
So w h a t is it and w h y w a s I It f o l l o w s t h a t if all this infor- s o u n d add ons w i l l have s o m e
T h e n of course there w a s s o
going t o see him rather t h a n m a t i o n can be s t o r e d (and w h a t idea of the c o m p l e x i t y of pro-
m u c h c o n t r o l over speed and
have one sent t o me at the of- better t h a n a c o m p u t e r t o d o so) gramming the comparatively
editing that even the best tape
fice? a n d t h e n sent back t o the instru- simple A Y chip. A cursor con-
s y s t e m c o u l d n ' t m a t c h it.
W e l l t o a n s w e r t h e last ques- m e n t , t h e s o u n d c a n be trolled visual display of all the
Mike finally recorded the lot
t i o n f i r s t , w h e n I rang M i k e he recreated. parameters certainly helps
o n t o a c a s s e t t e and I listened to
w a s reluctant t o s e n d one as he The computer actually w h e n s e t t i n g up your s o u n d .
it all the w a y back t o the o f f i c e
insisted t h a t t o really appreciate operates a n d P L A Y S the instru- I c o u l d have played for hours
w h i l e s c h e m i n g h o w t o per-
the capabilities of the interface ment! w i t h this p r o g r a m alone.
suade m y boss t h a t I o u g h t t o
and s o f t w a r e it needed t o be A n d this is the e x c i t i n g and Another program allowed
have one for the magazine! l a l s o
seen in a professional s t u d i o en- innovative d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n music w h i c h had been " r e c o r d -
realised that M i k e had been right
v i r o n m e n t . So o f f I w e n t t o visit the Midi interface and t h e usual e d " to be displayed o n b o t h
to insist I visit h i m .
him. sound output. screen and printer in m a n u s c r i p t
f o r m , as this original music could
be transcribed to any key under Encore
The Performer Program simple s o f t w a r e control the
possibilities for anyone involved There are m a n y m o r e features
The actual i n t e r f a c e s i m p l y c o n - Programs t o c o n t r o l a n d make in o r c h e s t r a l w o r k w e r e o b - and a p p l i c a t i o n s w h i c h are
n e c t s the i n s t r u m e n t t o t h e use of the possibilities of this vious. possible and I emphasise t h a t
S p e c t r u m . In fact M i k e is pro- s y s t e m have been d e v e l o p e d by The final p r o g r a m d e m o n - this article is only s c r a t c h i n g the
d u c i n g interfaces f o r m o s t c o m - M i k e a n d a t e a m of freelance s t r a t e d w a s t o m e the m o s t ex s u r f a c e of the capabilities of this
puters, but said t h a t he preferred programmers. c i t i n g and impressive of all. It system.
the S p e c t r u m because of it's M i k e is e m m i n e n t l y suitable w a s a p r o g r a m t o t u r n the Spec- I forecast that s o o n no pro-
large m e m o r y , c o s t a n d ease of to w o r k on this area as he is a t r u m into an eight c h a n n e l fessional recording s t u d i o w i l l be
use. very musically talented ex- recorder of the Midi signals. w i t h o u t a comparable system
The interface in i t ' s pre pro- m u s i c teacher, he is also full of Each t a c k has a w i d e range of and that all serious musician w i l l
d u c t i o n s t a t e c o n s i s t e d of a e n t h u s i a s m a n d energy for this o p t i o n s w h i c h m a k e it very ver- s t a r t t o build a s y s t e m of their
s m a l l box c o n n e c t e d t o the system. satile indeed. R a t h e r t h a n s i m p l y o w n at h o m e . Schools in par-
t i c u l a r w o u l d f i n d it v e r y
valuable indeed, and some
authorities and educational
organisations have s h o w n a
g o o d deal of interest.
Mike himself says that he
finds it e x c i t i n g t h a t it w i l l s o o n
be w i t h i n m a n y people's budget
t o buy a k e y b o a r d , interface and
c o m p u t e r and create high quali-
ty music w h i c h c o u l d be the
basis of m u c h more sophisti-
c a t e d s y s t e m s as their equip-
m e n t is a d d e d t o and upgraded.

74 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 Keypane Keypanel Kits

for High Flyers. and Early Learners.

Assemble a C u s t o m adhesive labels pre p r i n t e d 1 he S p e c t r u m k e y b o a r d is f r o m y o u r S p e c t r u m » i t h t h e
Key p a n e l f o r e a c h o l y o u r w i t h words, symbols and quite a c o m p l i c a t e d sight for F.arly l - c a r n c r * Key p a n e l K i t !
p r o g r a m s and y o u create an a r r o w s , p i n s a sheet o f I -»0 e v e n a d u l t eves, h u t y o u n g I m m SOFTEACH L I M I T E D
instant a n d i n d i v i d u a l blanks lor y o u r o w n design. c h i l d r e n really d o need 25 College Road.
reference to e v e r y one. A must tor fighter Pilot, s o m e t h i n g b o l d e r to e n s u r e Heading. t l c r k s l i i r i K(.(« 1(JI
U i n k at t h e s e F e a t u r e s t ! f l i g h t S i m u l a t i o n and all multi- t h e y get t h e best f r o m
key games and Business e d u c a t i o n a l p r o g r a m s in ^ P l e a s e send m e :
D u r a b l e stay-Hut P l a s t i c n o t

I
applications. particular. . Cutiiim K r t p i n r l K i n
ca r d h o a r d .
The First add-on for your These flexible p r i n t e d i t . | > l » s JSp p A p t a i l i .
Matt-black panels look super .Spectrum. m e r l a y s are m o u n t e d o n
on your S p e c t r u m .
P r e p r i n t e d ' S p e c t r u m Red'
C u s t o m Key p a n e l K i t s
are p l u s .tSp p & p each.
i n d i v i d u a l locating frames and
produce a clear and simple
I Early l u r n c n K i t *

• ( JL2.95 plus H p pit p each

l a b e l s l o r .t p r o f e s s i o n a l f i n i s h . k e y b o a r d f o r y o u n g users.
f r o m W II S M I T H ind good The kit contains a complete I (Overseas please add 25"...)
t veful too w i l l ) a joystick for all I enclose a t lu-qucfl'.O.
c o m p u t e r stores o r by r e t u r n range o f panels, p r i n t e d in a
those o t h e r keys. | payable to s o l I I « II I IMITt I).
o f post f r o m : large clear typeface. (Lower
Each k i t c o n i e s i n a c l e a r case, u p p e r case, u p p e r and NAM1.
plastic storage wallet and SOFT EACH L I M I T E D l o w e r , b l a n k key o u t l i n e s a n d I \ I > I) K1 s s
contains: 2 S C o l lege Road, t w o blank panels f o r you to
1() M a t t hl.it. k K e y p a n e l s , a Heading, draw on.)
s h e e t c o n t a i n i n g o v e r I iO self- B e r k s h i r e KG6 l y f . Y o u r c h i l d w i l l get m o r e

f f All prices, U.K. delivered relate lo 48K ZX S p e c t r u m versions

tttewmsm!
S T O P P R E S S : H i - S o f t C a v a i l a b l e f o r S p e c t r u m £ 2 5 Inc

W o u l d y o u like t o t r a n s f e r your S p e c t r u m p r o g r a m s f r o m
© M I C R O D R I V E TO M I C R O D R I V E © TAPE T O TAPE
© TAPE T O M I C R O D R I V E © M I C R O D R I V E T O TAPE

T h e n d o it w i t h

B ^ P R P ^ i P £9-45
The most powerful toolkit yet for ZX BASIC. All the features
ZX Spectrum
you will ever need; AUTO insert, full RENUMBER, block
• 1JUUUUGUUU DELETE. CLOCK, ALARM, error trapping, break trapping.
Eull TRACE with single step and much, much more. Makes
G U D t m a o a i - u /
ZX BASIC easy-to-use and powerful.
i ii j u a a a a a a c o
TRANS-EXPRESS islhe mosfcomprehensive pockoge of four m/c
utilities tor transferring Spectrum programs They are user- friendly,
simple to use, reliable & verv efficient They will enable you to transfer
ony kind of programs up to the full 48.0k length TAPE TO MICRODRIVE
£14
win also automatically il necessary modify. re structure & relocote An excellent assembler, an advanced line-editor, a compre-
both BASIC and m/c to RUN Irom microdrives hensive disassembler and a superb 'front panel' debugger
TRANS-EXPRESS is an essential microdrive companion and on all in one package. Used by many leading software houses to
invaluable software back-up utility write their games. "Buy it!'' Adam Denning 1984

You con buy each of the four programs separately for £ 5,50 or

MSCAL
TAPF TO MICRODRIVE & MICRODRIVE TO MICRODRIVE for £ 7.50 or
an entire package ol all lour programs on one tape lor £ 9.95 or
on a microdrive cartridge for £ 14,95 only £25
M'DRIVE TO M'DRIVE A powerful and almost full implementation of Pascal - n o r a
Tiny Pascal. A valuable educational and development tool,
Please send me a copy of TRANS-EXPRESS 0©<D®, IVa*» kk jfjie programs
Spectrum
typically
version
run 40 times faster than a BASIC
includes Turtle Graphics package. " I
equivalent.
haven't
I enclose cheque/PO for fi.ftO**" OVfTMJl 1?)| seen any other compiler that could match Hisoft's Pascal"
Nome/Address

180 High Street North

113 M e l r o s e Ave, L o n d o n NW2 Dunstable. Beds. LU6 1AT
Tel: (05821 696421

II
 ZX81 CAME

Tower of
1 REM
2 SLOW
3 RAND USR 16731
4 REM I H I 5 LINE CON IRIN5 THE
MHCHINE CODE RERD TEX I
BEFORE ENTERING THE
R R OGRRH
14 REM
15 POKE 16541,232
Kenneth Baker of 16 POKE 16542,4

Southampton has written

17 LET Z=16544
IB LET V=28
the ultimate version of 19 FOR N=»l TO 139
20 LET T=N
this game in machine 21 LET C=1
Code for the 16K ZX81. 22 DIM A*(33)
23 DIM A <9)
I n v e n t e d a b o u t 1 0 0 years an error, or e v e n if the w r o n g line 24 PRINT AT 18,0;"INPUT LINE N
ago by the French m a t h e m a t i - is e n t e r e d by m i s t a k e , it w i l l be 0. " JN
cian Edouard Lucas, T h e T o w e r rejected w i t h a request f o r the
of Hanoi is perhaps t h e m o s t line t o be re-entered. 25 INPUT A*
f a s c i n a t i n g and e n d u r i n g of all Each line of 11 pairs s h o u l d 26 FOR M=1 TO 25 STEP 3
puzzles. T h e object is t o transfer be entered t o g e t h e r as a s t r i n g , 27 GOSUB 50
the six parts of the T o w e r f r o m w i t h one space b e t w e e n e a c h
p o s i t i o n ' A ' to p o s i t i o n ' C in the pair. It s h o u l d be n o t e d , par-
28 LET A <C)=P
least possible m o v e s , and ticularly if any o t h e r m e t h o d of 29 LET T=T+P
w i t h o u t ever placing a larger input is used, t h a t the last t w o 30 LET O C + 1
block u p o n a smaller one. Posi- pairs are NOT i n s t r u c t i o n s .
t i o n 'B' is used t h r o u g h o u t as a 31 NEXT M
temporary store. 32 GOSUB 50
T o transfer a block f r o m ' A ' Making Space 33 LET Q=P
to ' B ' , simply input A B . If the
m o v e is valid t h e transfer w i l l be T h e biggest p r o b l e m w i t h enter- 34 LET M=M+3
m a d e , a n d the s c o r e in- ing large M a c h i n e Code routines 35 GOSUB 50
c r e m e n t e d by 1. The p r o g r a m is into the Z X 8 1 is being able t o
c r e a t e large e n o u g h REM
36 LET P=256*GKP
designed t o reject any illegal
moves. s t a t e m e n t s in order t o store 37 IF NOT P=T THEN GOTO 39
In this six-tier version of the t h e m . The m e t h o d c h o s e n here 38 GOTO 43
puzzle, the least possible m o v e s is t o f o r m a REM s t a t e m e n t of
1 2 0 characters in Line 4 , and
39 PRINT AT 18,0;"ERROR IN LIN
is 6 3 , a n d the m a x i m u m a l l o w e d
is 9 9 - w h e n t h e c o m p u t e r w i l l d u p l i c a t i n g it 9 t i m e s in Lines E ";N;AT 19,0;"PLEASE RE-ENTER"
decide t h a t the player is d o i n g s o 5 - 1 3 b y the f o l l o w i n g m e t h o d : 40 PAUSE 100
badly t h a t it w i l l a u t o m a t i c a l l y 41 CLS
4 REM x x x x x U 2 0
call a restart t o t h e p r o g r a m .
characters) x x x x x 42 GOTO 20
Restart c a n be called at any t i m e
EDIT
by pressing ' R ' , a n d the only 43 FOR M=1 TO 9
Change the Line No. t o 5
other a c t i v e k e y , apart f r o m the
t r a n s f e r keys A B C , is ' F ' , w h i c h
Press N/L 44 POKE Z,A(M)
EDIT 45 LET Z = Z + 1
w i l l clear t h e p r o g r a m f r o m
Change the Line No. to 6 ,
memory. 46 NEXT M
and so on, until Line 1 3 is
T o put the player o n the
right t r a c k , the first f e w m o v e s
reached. 47 NEXT N
are A B A C BC. . . but t o say T h e size of Line 4 is t h e n ad- 48 PRINT AT 18,0;"ALL CORRECT"
more m i g h t be t o deprive the j u s t e d t o e n c o m p a s s t h e 9 ensu- 49 GOTO 54
player of hours of hair-tearing ing lines, w h i c h w i l l result in a
frustration. REM s t a t e m e n t w i t h the re- 50 LET I=CODE A*(M)-V
A t the e n d of e a c h g a m e a quired n u m b e r of 1 2 5 4 b y t e s . 51 LET F=CODE A*<M+1)-V
caption containing a suitable W h e n a REM s t a t e m e n t is 52 LET P=16*I+F
c o m m e n t as t o the s t a t u s of the c r e a t e d in this w a y , it is m o s t im-
final score w i l l appear on the p o r t a n t t o stabilize it w i t h the 53 RETURN
screen. Please r e m e m b e r t h a t a d d i t i o n of at least one line after- 54 PAUSE 100
the least possible m o v e s is 6 3 . w a r d s — hence t h e apparently 55 CLEAR
The p r o g r a m is w r i t t e n en- redundant REM in Line 1 4 of the
tirely in M a c h i n e Code, w h i c h p r o g r a m , w h i c h m u s t be left in- L = the n u m b e r o f lines. T o a v o i d W h e n the c o d e has been
m u s t be e n t e r e d m o s t carefully. tact w h e n the HEX LOADER is fractional a n s w e r s , the o d d b y t e s u c c e s s f u l l y e n t e r e d , lines 1 5 to
The code is arranged in 1 3 9 deleted. or t w o can be added to the t o t a l 5 5 c a n be r e m o v e d , a n d the final
lines of 11 HEX pairs: the first Purely by the w a y , s h o u l d characters. T h e best w a y t o i n s t r u c t i o n , before s a v i n g and
nine pairs representing the ac- y o u w i s h t o use this t e c h n i q u e in d e t e r m i n e the number of lines is r u n n i n g the p r o g r a m , is t o POKE
tual c o d e , w h i l s t the last t w o y o u r o w n p r o g r a m s , the number t o factorize (C + 6 ) , again a d d i n g 1 6 5 4 3 , 1 2 7 : this will m a k e the
c o n t a i n a c h e c k s u m w h i c h is an of b y t e s per n u m b e r of lines can the o d d b y t e until a c o n v e n i e n t REM s t a t e m e n t invisible, but
addition of the c o d e values in the be f o u n d by using the f o r m u l a : balance is reached. The l e n g t h can be o m i t t e d if m y flair for
line plus the line n u m b e r . In this <(C + 6 ) / L ) - 6 w h e r e C = the of the first line is then p o k e d c o s m e t i c surgery is not t o your
w a y , if any line s h o u l d c o n t a i n t o t a l characters required, a n d w i t h (C + 2 ) . taste.

76 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985

- 001
002
003
00
7F
7F
7F
7F
7F
7F
7F
7F
7F
7F
7F
7F
7F
7F
7tr
7F
4 6
TF
7F
52
7F
7F
5 5
7F
7F
7F
03
04
0 3
F9
79
EH
071
072
073
88
88
08
88
88
11
88
80
OE
88
80
43
88
01
01
88
02
08
88
07
00
f.f.
88
CD
CD
88
F5
6B
05
04
0 1
0F
24
F4
DO a 46 4 B 4 3 55 48 7" 4B 5<« 7F 03 12 074 0B CD OB 42 FE 04 CO 3A FE 04 91
005 52 59 40 4B 51 7F 7F 4E 59 03 30 075 05 28 39 r 5 06 A5 F5 01 07 0a 0E
006 47 46 7F 40 4B 44 55 7F 68 83 2A 076 87 CD frc 08 F1 06 01 07 04
CD 69
ri f
007 68 7F 47 57 4B a& 5 5 f f- 68 03 5B 077 OB 4 2 FE 04 28 2
•—2w F E 05 28
r j rn
03 D1
008 68 7F 77 77 77 77 r i 62 77 04 IB 078 20 47 C F5 C5 B8 02 18 04 5A
009 77 77 77 77 7F 61 7F 77 77 0C V." V
v- 079 03 CI 18 E9 F 1 F5 06 A5 F5 06 5A
010 1 i 77 7F 7F 60 7F 7F 77 77 04 42 080 01 08 07 CD F5 08 F 1 06 01 03 22
011 77 7F 7F 7 F 5F 7E 7F 7F 77 0C p
—• C- 081 r- ow
D7 18 0A CD C3 03 W 5B 4 1 04 30
012 77 7F 7F 7F 7F 5E 7F 7F 7F 0(1 5A 082 00 00 00 00 01 F1 C3 88 43 03 92
f*" -v.
013 7F 77 7F TF 7F 7F r r 50 TF 0 4 5H 083 00 00 00 00 00 00 FE 0 I 01 7A
014 7F 7F 7F 7F tr C| 5 8 57 7F 48 03 09 084 08 FE 02 28 00 FE 0 3 28 12 02 CO
015 6B 48 55 4 7 46 59 4 8 4 6 7F 03 OA 085 78 FE 02 28 16 FE 03 28 1A 83 4E
r-i —
016 54 bB 54 51 40 51 47 52 I r 03 29 086 78 FE 01 28 ID F E 03 28 21 03 50
A F-n
017 56 5 5 H r 51 53 40 7F 59 4C 03 17 087 78 FE 01 28 24 FE 02 28 28 03 6A
018 56 7F 57 4B 4A 11 48 51 53 03 00 088 21 7F 42 1 1 89 42 18 26 21 82 75
013 52 46 7F 58 41 7F 4F 55 40 0 3 089 7F 42 1 1 93 42 18 IE 21 89 02 E0
020 4C 55 46 52 7F 58 59 4F K; g 0 3 21 090 42 11 7F 42 18 16 21 89 42 02 88
021 48 7F 62 5A 5B 60 80 CD 79 04 19 091 1 1 93 42 I 8 0E 21 93 4 2 l i 02 6E
022 41 C3 85 41 2A 2 d 40 36 00 02 A2 09 2 7F 4 2 18 06 21 93 42 1 1 89 02 CB
023 2A 00 40 23 06 18 C5 06 20 01 B9 09 3 42 C3 E6 43 76 00 85 '76 00 03 7C
^
024 36 88 10 FB 2 01 10 F4 03 EC 094 EA E5 05 23 V 13 13 E5 05 05 28
025 C9 21 A1 4 0 06 B9 7E 2F 77 03 07 095 46 23 10 FD 7E EB 46 EB 13 04 82
026 c 3 10 FA C9 CD 61 41 03 07 05 09 096 1 0 FD EB 4 6 EB B8 28 02 30 04 9B
027 41 2A 00 4 0 01 14 00 1 1 0E 01 06 097 23 01 01 01 01 CI CI 01 87 05 12
028 61 19 EB 21 BB 4 0 ED B0 2A 03 FF 098 07 CD F5 08 01 02 00 1 1 21 02 68
029 0C 40 01 19 00 1 1 6F 01 19 01 10 099 4 3 CD 6B 9B 2 1 34 40 36 20 02 E1
030 EB 21 2F 41 ED B0 2 A 00 4 0 03 AO 100 3E 0F 46 B8 20 FC C3 3 2 4 3 04 03
031 01 14 00 11 B3 01 1 9 EB 2 I 02 A wL 101 IB 7E EB 77 EB 36 00 El 35 04 97
032 47 41 ED BO 21 34 40 36 FF 04 OF 102 EB El 34 El E5 4E 23 4 6 05 05 A8
033 3E 08 46 B8 20 FO 09 CD SB 05 t.' L. 103 El CD FC 44 00 00 EB E I 73 05 94
034 41 C3 0F 42 26 16 A1 4 0 21 0 2 B5 1 04 EB ED 5B 4 0 0a
C. l c 0C 19 EB 80
035 16 B5 4 0 21 16 A1 40 3F 0E 32 93
036 OA 40 1 1 0A 07 4 0 F6 0B El 0 4 42 105 •p t .
El EE- E5 05 4E 46 05 El 06 46
037 40 21 • 0B E8 40 U. A0B F0 40 03 15 106 ED SB OC 40 19 D1 03 60 ac 04 4F
<5 i
038 21 6B F9 4 0 21 0B 83 41 il - 02 10 107 76 00 05 V* 00 EA E5 01 OB 03 44
039 OB 0E 4 1 4 7 01 1 9 4 1 09 0: 01 20 108 00 ED B0 00 11 ] 6 as El 01 03 55
04 0 1A 41 09 01 IB 4 1 2D OB 10 01 30 1 09 OB 00 EB ED Be El 4E 23 46 04 98
041 41 0F 0A 26 4 1 4 0 4 9 CD 6 1 02 A1 1 10 05 EI 01 21 00 09 EB El 73 04 7E
04 2 41 03 4B 4 2 2H 00 40 3 iw 02 76 1 11 i.. <.» 7 2 21 34 40 3 6 20 3E 6F 02 49
04 3 00 42 21 CD 41 01 00 10 OS 02 7F 112 46 B8 20 FC 21 B3 00 ED SB 04 A6
04 4 06 00 4E ED SB 00 42 EB 09 03 OB 113 00 4 0 19 E5 21 EF 00 19 01 03 B5
045 EB ED 53 0D 42 2 3 06 00 4E 03 IE 1 14 01 02 00 ED B0 01 07 07 OD 02 EE
04 6 23 05 5E 23 56 2 3 CJU-o 4 9 4 2 02 CD 115 F5 08 01 02 00 1 1 21 4 3 CD 82 B5
047 EB 01 ED BO 2A a q 42 CI 10 05 OE 116 6B 06 3A 90 42 30 32 90 42 03 59
048 DA 09 0D 42 CD F0 44 C3 79 05 5F 1 17 06 00 06 0A FA BF 44 04 F2 04 4E
049 42 01 8ft 00 CD F5 08 69 03 IB 118 B6 4 4 06 A6 F5 78 06 90 47 05 F2
050 06 OB 07 10 FD 01 01 13 00 03 09 119 F1 4F ED 5B 0C 4 0 21 CO 00 04 2C
051 F5 08 3E 83 06 OB 07 10 FD 03 R_L
r- .-«.
120 19 70 CO 71 C3 O3 FE 01 03 9F
052 01 13 13 CD F 5 08 3E 89 06 A
02 fr2 121 28 03 03 OC 43 CD 44 45 FE 04 30
053 0B 07 10 FD 09 CD 15 42 03 04 04 r. r,
122 04 iC 09 FE 05 28 02 1 8 F3 02 E7
054 BO 42 HE 01 01 06 05 04 03 01 F7 i £0 03 5S 41 CD 03 03 1 1 7F 42 04 3F
055 02 01 00 96 01 07 00 00 00 00 08 124 21 9E 42 01 i F 00 04
ED B 0 0 9 03
056 0 0 00 00 00 86 02 07 00 00 00 07 j 52 01 21 00 A7 ED 42 90 04
09 3 A 15
057 00 00 00 00 00 00 tor 01 01 00 EA
*
126
t*
42 •FE 64 02 5B 41 3 A 95 4 2 04 A1
05 8 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 97 01 00 E7 1 27 03 06 4 4 00 60 3 7 2 A 28 1 8 0 3 80
:*, r-i
059 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8 i 00 09 128 00 ID 20 00 2B 2 A 2 7 80 B 3 02 60
060 02 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 45 129 B4 B9 80 AC B4 B 4 A 9 80 8 0 0 6 2B
061 00 CD 79 4 1 CD 51 42 CD 2 3 04 14 130 80 AB A 6 AE B7 8 0 80 8 0 8 0 05 B3
062 43 C9 00 00 00 00 CD BB 02 02 04 131 AC B4 B4 A9 80 80 8 0 8 0 A 7 05 E7
063 EB 21 FD FD A7 ED 52 28 w 05 7^ 13 2 67 AE B1 B 1 AE A6 B3 B9 80 06 8B
064 2 1 7F OF A7 ED 52 28 ID 21 04 0B 133 3A 90 42 FE 57 30 17 FE 4B 04 83
065 EE EF A 7 ED 52 28 18 21 FD 05 72 134 30 OD FE 4 0 30 05 21 39 4 5 02 05
066 EF R7 ED be 28 1 3 21 FB EF 05 5D 135 18 00 21 2F 45 18 08 27 01 A9
067 (•l 7 ED 52 28 OE 18 02 3E 01 03 88 1 36 45 18 03 21 IE 45 E5 01 12 02 64
068 C9 3E 02 C9 3E 03 09 3E 04 03 62 137 07 CO F5 08 01 01 0B 0 0 CO 04 04
069 09 3E 05 C9 00 00 00 00 00 02 1A 138 6B 0B CD CB 42 C9 00 00 00 03 A3
070 00 80 BO AA BE 80 97 97 80 05 00 139 00 00 00 00 00 00 76' 00 00 01 01
 ZX 85

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78 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1 9 8 5
 SINCLAIR SOLUTION!

David Nowotnik answers your questions and offers

advice on your programming techniques.
Saving ensured? Tinkering with CLEAR command),
the machine code with
then load
LOAD
edge connector;
Spectrums
on issue 1
and spaces are
Dear David, Timex " " , CODE x, where x is an ad- slightly wider than the metallic
In a past issue of ZX Computing dress above RAMTOP, then the strips. On issue 2 and issue 3
Peter S h a w s u g g e s t e d a m e t h o d Dear David, machine code will be loaded to machines the strips are wider
of ensuring the s a v i n g of pro- A s a o w n e r of the T i m e x 2 0 6 8 I start at that address. You can than the gaps between them. /
grams on the Z X 8 1 by c o n n e c - find f e w programs available then load a disassembler or got my trouble-free upgrade kit
ting the save lead to the T V apart f r o m the 2 0 titles released editor program below RAMTOP from Computer Add-ons (7-9
m o d u l a t o r . Is this a suitable by T i m e x . I w o u l d like t o adapt to work on the machine code. Thane Works, Thane Vills, Lon-
solution for the same problem on p r o g r a m s available f o r t h e Spec- don N7); for series 1 it cost
the S p e c t r u m ? t r u m for the 2 0 6 8 . M o s t BASIC €34.50 and for series 2/3 it is
p r o g r a m s w o r k OK, but m o s t Light Pen £20.50. Fitting is an extra £7.
Charles L o n d o n , m a c h i n e language programs d o Dear David,
Peckham, not w o r k . T o help me, are the
London f o l l o w i n g available?
l a m looking f o r a light pen for m y Piracy with
Spectrum. D o y o u know where I
{1} A n assembly language pro-
can o b t a i n one? Privacy
Charles, g r a m for the 2 0 6 8 c o m p u t e r s .
Such drastic action should never (2} A t r a n s l a t e r t o c o n v e r t Spec- Dear David,
be necessary on the Spectrum. Michelangelo Mari,
trum machine code to 2 0 6 8 Is there a n y w a y I can save pro-
If you have any problems with Latina,
machine code. g r a m s f r o m proprietary casset-
load and save, try removing the Italy
(3) ^ procedure t o load Spec- tes e.g. " T h e H o b b i t " on
save lead when loading and the m i c r o d r i v e , or m u s t I c o n t i n u e t o
t r u m m a c h i n e c o d e p r o g r a m s in Michel,
load lead when saving. One use a tape recorder for loading
t o the 2 0 6 8 for editing later. Dk'tronics IUnit 6, Shire Hill, In-
reader has suggested placing a these programs?
330 ohm resistor in the load dustrial Estate, Saffron Waldon,
Benedict Bader, Essex, England) sell one for
lead connection to overcome P Johnson,
Ijamsville, U S A £19.95. It plugs into the ear-
the need of constantly removing Hamilton,
leads. Remember to use VERIFY phone socket, and is complete
Benedict, N e w Zealand
every time you save a program with software.
I'll answer your questions in the
to be certain all has gone well. Mr. Johnson,
order given:
9 1) An assembler written en- internal RAMpack software producers try hard
Calmer CLEARing tirely in BASIC for the Spectrum to stop you copying their tapes
will work on the 2068. A good Dear David, to prevent piracy, so sales of
Dear David,
example of such a program ap- I have a 1 6 K S p e c t r u m and programs which give you 'back-
Some t i m e s ! f i n d t h a t the only w o u l d like t o get an internal up' copies of commercial pro-
pears in 'The Spectrum Pocket
w a y I can c o m p l e t e l y clear a grams thrive. / don't want to
Book' by Trevor Toms (from R A M p a c k for it. Please c o u l d
machine code p r o g r a m f r o m the enter the argument over who is
Phipps Associates, 172 y o u advise w h e r e t o send m y
c o m p u t e r is to t u r n o f f t h e n on in the right, but if you have a ge-
Kingston Road, Ewe/I, Surrey). S p e c t r u m and h o w m u c h it w i l l
again. Is there a gentler w a y I nuine need to transfer commer-
The book also contains a good cost.
can achieve this? cial software to microdrive
disassembler and a guide to the
Barrie W i g g i n s , Spectrum ROM which should be Paul Menzies, cassettes solely for your own
Friedrichsdorf, of use to you, Glasgow. convenience and use, then I sug-
West G e r m a n y . • 2) Both machines use Z80 gest you consult the backpages
machine language, so no Paul, of the popular microcomputer
Barrie, translation is necessary ; Several companies will sell you magazines. I've noticed a couple
If you get back to BASIC after however / suspect what you 'kits' to do the 32K RAM of 'suppliers' who sell tape to
the machine code is complete, want is a something to translate upgrade yourself, although microdrive copiers. But I offer no
then you can use the direct com- the Spectrum ROM to the 2068 most will do it for you for a slight guarantees over their quality!
mand RANDOMIZE USR 0 on ROM — that doesn't exist, I'm additional cost. The important
the Spectrum (RAN USR 0 on afraid. thing is to identify whether you Note. This v i e w is n o t necessari-
the ZX8 1) to reset the computer O 3Iff you prepare a safe area of have an issue 1 or issue 2/3 ly s h a r e d b y t h e e d i t o r s or
and wipe out the machine code. RAM by lowering RAMTOPfthe Spectrum. Take a look at the publishers of ZX Computing.

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 79
 (HARDWARE REVIEW!

The Key to Success ease of use. Personally I find the

k e y s positive and responsive
and can use t h e m for hours
w h e n w r i t i n g w i t h o u t frustra-
t i o n or tiredness. W h e n using it

Two keyboards reviewed: the old and

for p r o g r a m m i n g t h e small size
lettering w i l l prove a p r o b l e m t o

the new.
t h o s e not already familiar w i t h
the Spectrum keyboard.
I t ' s quite a h e a v y piece of
equipment and obviously
d e s i g n e d for h e a v y use. W e l l
This is an impressive looking The Ricoll n o n s e n s e steel h o u s i n g w h i c h
will put any o f f i c e d w e l l e r in
I've certainly g i v e n it t h a t . A n d
w h e n I h a v e n ' t been using it my
piece of e q u i p m e n t , one of the
larqest keyboards I ' v e seen.
Electronics m i n d of filing cabinets and other s o n s h a v e a n d t h e y are n o
Keyboard o f f i c e e q u i p m e n t w i t h respect t o respectors of fragile t e c h n o l o g y .
appearances b u t not of course In short t h e k e y b o a r d has taken
Mancomp 184 I guess t h a t phrases like ' u p to size. Colour is similar t o o . a fair old ' h a m m e r i n g ' and still
Keyboard m a r k e t ' and ' d o w n m a r k e t ' are So'id, s t u r d y and reliable, there going strong.
still around. A certain sort of per are n o t r i m m i n g s , n o s m o o t h It m e a s u r e s a p p r o x i m a t e l y
son used t o label a certain kind of finish, indeed the finish is r o u g h 280mm x 21Omm x 5 5mm
The k e y s t h e m s e l v e s h a v e c o m m o d i t y t h i s w a y . A s so to the t o u c h . and is m o u n t e d firmly on four
t o p quality s w i t c h e s w i t h flat o f t e n w i t h s u c h expressions, T h e s p a c e bar a n d k e y s solid rubber c u s h i o n s . Installa-
t o p p e d square plastic pads. A t t h e y merely indicate a boringly f o l l o w the traditional t y p e w r i t e r t i o n is n o p r o b l e m provided the
the m o m e n t the legends are o b v i o u s f a c t . Namely t h a t g i v e n p a t t e r n and transfering f r o m the S p e c t r u m is handled w i t h the
stick on labels w i t h larger t h a n a n y sort of p r o d u c t , y o u w i l l f i n d typewriter to this keyboard care a n d respect it deserves in
usual w r i t i n g , v e r y bright and e x a m p l e s w h i c h are on t h e one holds no problems. Nothing it's e x p o s e d s t a t e w h i l e being
easy t o read, but the c o m p a n y h a n d little more t h a n f u n c t i o n a l . c o u l d b e s i m p l e r or m o r e t r a n s f e r r e d f r o m one h o m e t o
tell me t h e y are c o n s i d e r i n g hav T h a t is t h e y d o w h a t is required s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d . I t ' s a key- a n o t h e r . It s t a n d s t o reason t h a t
ing t h e m specially printed o n the of t h e m w i t h o u t g l a m o u r or board. No more no less. I ' v e d i s c o n n e c t i n g and r e c o n n e c t i n g
plastic. glitter. A n d o n t h e other hand h i n t e d t h a t this is a f u n c t i o n a l t h e r i b b o n cable PCBs, a n d fix-
A k e y p a d is included o n t h e examples w h i c h have been piece of e q u i p m e n t , t h e lettering ing the board into t h e n e w hous-
right of t h e m a i n board and a given t h e luxury t o u c h , or t h e and i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e keys in ing m u s t be done carefully. Even
single entry full s t o p key has e x e c u t i v e t o u c h , the super f a c t c o n s i s t s of t r a n s f e r s or stick so it is not a task w h i c h requires
b e e n a d d e d t o it m a k i n g d e l u x e . . . and needless t o say on. T h e y look vulnerable but do m u c h t i m e , or expertise for the
numerical data e n t r y easier. The these are t h e m o s t e x p e n s i v e . In not c o m e u n s t u c k . T h e y d o col- serious S p e c t r u m User.
m a i n keys h a v e a full sized space b e t w e e n t h e r e is a l w a y s lect m a r k s a r o u n d the edges If looks are not i m p o r t a n t but
bar, d o u b l e sized ENTER k e y , s o m e t h i n g t o suit e v e r y b o d y . however. solid hard w e a r i n g e f f i c i e n c y is,
y e l l o w caps s h i f t and t w o extra The k e y b o a r d w h i c h RICOLL I've been using m i n e non s t o p t h e n m a n y people will be more
of these keys, and e x t r a cursor ELECTRONICS have brought n o w for several m o n t h s and I t h a n satisfied w i t h this key-
keys in bright green pairs at e a c h o u t for the S p e c t r u m is a no c a n v o u c h for i t ' s reliability and board.
s i d e of t h e b o t t o m of t h e
k e y b o a r d . These k e y s h a v e a
very positive feel but t e n d e d t o
c a t c h if not pressed centrally.
A hole in t h e t o p right of the
case a l l o w s the p o w e r pack t o
be held inside t h e case a n d m a k -
ing for a m u c h neater, m o r e
c o m p a c t unit. T h e f r o n t of the
case is angled and this m a k e s it
c o m f o r t a b l e t o use as it is just
right for resting your w r i s t s o n
w h e n typing.
T o install y o u r S p e c t r u m y o u
r e m o v e t h e t o p of its case, place
it in position in the n e w case,
s c r e w d o w n t w o halves of the
case t o g e t h e r . A n i n t e r f a c e 1
can also be included in the case.
W h e n t i g h t e n i n g one of the
retaining clips a small c h i p of
fibreglass b r o k e o f f a n d t h e
s c r e w w o u l d not grip and so t h e
S p e c t r u m base w a s left to
w a l l o w a r o u n d inside t h e case.
M a n c o m p t o l d m e t h a t it had
found favour among teachers
and so I t e s t e d it in a s c h o o l
w h e r e the pupils w e r e v e r y c o m -
puter orientated and used t o
handling this k i n d of e q u i p m e n t .
Perhaps I had a f a u l t y key-
board and m a y b e it w a s coinci-
dence but on T u e s d a y it w a s in-
stalled, Thursday the keys
started falling o f f and o n Friday
the S p e c t r u m died. End of t e s t ,
end of S p e c t r u m , e n d of r e v i e w .

80 80 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

Pop quiz
helps
multiple
sclerosis
research
Bucks Fizz stars Cheryl Baker by B e l l f l o w e r S o f t w a r e a n d summer. m a d e a c o n t r i b u t i o n t o vita!
and M i k e Nolan joined the c a m - W . H . S m i t h & Son f r o m sales of Stuart Henry s u f f e r s f r o m research i n t o f i n d i n g a cure for
paign t o f i g h t Multiple Sclerosis the computer game, "Stuart Multiple Sclerosis, a paralysing M S , " said Bellflower director,
w h e n they presented Radio Lux- H e n r y ' s Pop Q u i z " , w h i c h has disease of the c e n t r a l nervous David G o r d o n . " W e hope more
e m b o u r g disc j o c k e y S t u a r t been challenging o w n e r s f o the s y s t e m , a n d the M S Society people w i l l take u p the challenge
Henry w i t h a c h e q u e f o r £ 2 , 1 0 0 4 8 K Sinclair S p e c t r u m c o m - operates a research f u n d in his of ' S t u a r t H e n r y ' s Pop Quiz' so
in L o n d o n t o d a y ( W e d n e s d a y ) . puter to show off their name. " E v e r y o n e w h o has w e can Have more presenta-
The m o n e y has been raised k n o w l e d g e of pop m u s i c this b o u g h t the p r o g r a m so far has tions like t o d a y ' s . "

Activision in Brief

action
• A superbly p a c k a g e d and very a t m o s p h e r i c a d v e n t u r e g a m e ar-
rived f r o m Palace S o f t w a r e .
Interestingly called " V a l k y r i e 1 7 , The Red Kipper Flies A t Mid-
n i g h t " , it has a J a m e s Bond style t h e m e a n d f e a t u r e s b o t h graphic
a n d t e x t locations.
A l s o included is a m i c r o d r i v e c o n v e r t e r p r o g r a m , n o w t h e r e ' s a
g o o d idea.
Activision, a company w h o
f o u n d f a m e beating A t a r i at their • M i r r o r s o f t are g o i n g serious, their n e w range of p r o g r a m s are
o w n game, have joined the a i m e d at t h e h o m e c o m p u t e r user w h o w i s h e s t o m a k e
S p e c t r u m set. " p r a c t i c a l " u s e of his m a c h i n e .
Their initial releases w e r e The titles in the series, called H o m e Discovery, are:
Beamrider, Enduro, H.E.R.O., T h e J o f f e Plan, a dieting p r o g r a m .
Pitfall II, River Raid, Space Shut- K n o w Y o u r O w n Personality, f r o m t h e book of the same n a m e .
tle, and Zenji and w e r e all q u i t e K n o w Y o u r O w n Psi-Q, assesses your Psychic ability.
a c c e p t a b l e arcade g a m e s . Our M a s t e r m i n d a n d Quizmaster, puts y o u in the hot seat or in the
r e v i e w e r s w i l l hopefully explain q u e s t i o n m a s t e r ' s chair.
more a b o u t t h e m . I had a q u i c k Star Seeker and Solar S y s t e m , for those interested in the night
p r e v i e w of HERO a n d Enduro sky.
and really e n j o y e d the f o r m e r , These are priced at £ 9 . 9 5 each and all have rather impressive
but w a s not t o o impressed e w o t n a m e s linked t o t h e m , c o u l d be w o r t h c o n s i d e r a t i o n .
the latter.
T h e Designer's Pencil looks • Slightly less serious is " H e r e a n d T h e r e w i t h t h e Mr. M e n "
interesting f r o m the press w h i c h is a i m e d at t e a c h i n g d i r e c t i o n a n d planning t o 4 -8 year olds
release w e have been sent and in a f u n w a y .
appears t o be a d r a w i n g and W h e n are w e g o i n g t o see m y f a v o u r i t e s " T h e Perishers" in a
c o u n d c r e a t i o n utility p r o g r a m . program 1 wonder?
By n o w they s h o u l d have
released their b l o c k b u s t e r , • R o y b o t , 4 5 Hullbridge Rd. Rayleigh, Essex, SS6 9 NL have pro-
G h o s t b u s t e r ! This is based o n a d u c e d an A s s e m b l e r &• M a c h i n e Code Debugger. It looks v e r y im-
f i l m w h i c h has been a success in pressive a n d s o m e unusual features have been included, s u c h as
using the line n u m b e r s instead of labels (call L1 0 0 is recognised). It
the U S A ( w h i c h m e a n s it w i l l
w i l l c o s t y o u C 9 . 9 5 or € 1 3 . 9 5 f o r a m i c r o d r i v e version, and is
p r o b a b l y be a s u c c e s s over
m e a n t as one of a series, ' G a m e s designer M a c r o a n d r o u t i n e s "
here), a n d the c o m p u t e r g a m e
and " T e a c h yourself M a c h i n e c o d e " ' b e i n g t w o o t h e r titles in the
w i l l have been available before v i e w s from other members,
pipeline.
the f i l m of A c t i v i s i o n ' s p l a n c o m p e t i t i o n s , a w o r l d w i d e pen-
work out. pal service a n d of course, an up-
Could it be a t r e n d t h a t w e d a t e of f o r t h c o m i n g A c t i v s i o n s • Brilliant IVScromega have p r o d u c e d Kentilla, an a d v e n t u r e
programs. g a m e , Braxx Bluff, one of the m o s t d i f f i c u l t arcade a d v e n t u r e
may s o o n see the f i l m of the
g a m e s I've ever tried t o play, a n d Jasper, w h i c h w i l l be a classic!
game! A s a free service t o all M o r e details f r o m A c t i v i s i o n
The graphics in Jasper are superb it has a great t h e m e a n d it's darn
c o m p u t e r users, A c t i v i s i o n are S o f t w a r e c l u b , 5 fl Forlease
well addivtive.
running a S o f t w a r e c l u b . The Rd., M a i d e n h e a d , Berks. SL6
aim is t o give n e w s , tips a n d 1 RP.

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY,MARCH 1 9 8 5 81
 SOFTWARE

Top programmer
w i t h just s o m e of the proceeds
of his sales.
M i k e is not o n l y a k e e n

takes the gold

m i c r o c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m m e r of
s i m u l a t i o n g a m e s , but is also an
air t r a f f i c controller at L o n d o n ' s
H e a t h r o w airport a n d a keen
a m a t e u r pilot. B o t h his j o b and
his h o b b y have provided the in-
spiration f o r his t w o best selling
g a m e s , w h i c h have that all im-
T o p m i c r o c o m p u t e r w r i t e r Mike p o r t a n t ingredent for simula-
Hale has been presented w i t h a tions - realism.
gold c a s s e t t e f o r researching Latest a d d i t i o n t o M i k e ' s pro-
sales of 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 c a s s e t t e s , by digious o u t p u t is a revised a n d
software company, Hewson e n h a n c e d version of H e a t h r o w
Consultants. A T C for the 4 8 K S p e c t r u m ,
Sales of M i k e ' s t w o pro- f e a t u r i n g a Concorde landing
grams, Nightflite II a n d routine, enchanced graphics
H e a t h r o w ATC topped the and help pages. On the B side of
1 0 0 K m a r k a t t h e e n d of the cassette is Schipol A T C , a
September and Andrew less d e m a n d i n g version of the
H e w s o n , M a n a g i n g Director of s i m u l a t i o n based o n landing pat
H e w s o n ' s felt the landmark terns at A m s t e r s a m ' s interna-
deserved r e c o g n i t i o n . tional airport.
Even more tangible evidence Andrew Hewson comment-
of M i k e ' s p r o g r a m m i n g success ed, ' M i k e ' s s u c c e s s is due t o his
has c o m e in the f o r m of the imaginative ideas, p r o g r a m m i n g
Ralley T a m p i c o single engine skill a n d his ability t o m e e t
light aircraft M i k e has b o u g h t deadlines.'

In Brief
• Creative Sparks are f l y i n g Danger M o u s e in t w o g a m e s . Double
T r o u b l e and Black Forest C h a t e a u , Delta W i n g and Black H a w k
t w o d o g f i g h t t y p e g a m e s . S t a g e c o a c h a n d , for s o m e light relief,
M a c b e t h by a w e l l k n o w n a u t h o r .

• PSS are g e t t i n g s p o o k y w i t h the release of Poltergeist. W e also

look f o r w a r d w i t h interest t o the e v e n t u a l launch of " S w o r d s a n d
S o r c e r y " w h i c h t h e y claim is the nearest thing t o the Dungeons
a n d Dragons role p l a y i n g g a m e that has been p r o d u c e d o n a c o m -

More at
puter. I k n o w quite a f e w fans w a i t i n g w i t h m o n e y c l u t c h e d in
eager hands for its appearance in the s h o p s .

• More low priced s o f t w a r e f r o m C e n t u r y C i t y , available f r o m

m a n y s h o p s the titles a n n o u n c e d are Laser Lord, M a n T r a p , Sen-
tinels and Kamikaze Collector.
None have arrived as yet f o r our perusal, but the c a s s e t t e inserts
look approriately g a u d y .

• M y c o n g r a t u l a t i o n s to C o m p u t e r w o r l d , 2 0 8 Kent House Rd.

A n e w n a m e has been added t o is a very enjoyable g a m e and B e c k e n h a m , Kent BR3 1 J N for the f u n n i e s t press release I've ever
the list of c o m p a n i e s m a r k e t i n g w o u l d certainly have been sold read.
buget s o f t w a r e . for a r o u n d £ 5 . 0 0 a f e w m o n t h s The p r o d u c t is the " W o r l d ' s First C o m p u t e r J o k e B o o k " and
S o f t w a r e S u p e r s a v e r s has back. is available f r o m t h e m for £ 4 . 9 5 ( £ 8 . 9 5 o n Microdrive).
p r o d u c e d a b a t c h of p r o g r a m s A f e w plays and the r o u g h The title says it all a n d I w a s m o s t d i s a p p o i n t e d that a review
for the 4 8 K S p e c t r u m at £ 2 .9 9 edges s h o w , there is no i n f o r m a - c o p y w a s not s e n t ,
each. T h e y are a subsidiary of t i o n o n u s i n g the " g a m b l e " PS. If Neil phones m e I'll tell him the sequel t o his insert joke!
the w e l l k n o w n S o f t w a r e Pro- f e a t u r e a n d holding d o w n cer-
jects c o m p a n y w h o b r o u g h t us tain n u m b e r keys causes the • A little bird tells me that B r i t i s h T e l e c o m h a s i n v e s t e d s o m e of its
J e t Set W i l l y . p r o g r a m t o crash. profits in p r o d u c i n g s o f t w a r e . Firebird (it's about t i m e s o m e o n e did
Fred's Fan Factory, Z i g g u r a t , Perhaps w e are t o o close t o that to Buzby) has released a range of w e l l p r o d u c e d and g o o d
Shuttle S h o c k , M o o n l i g h t e r , Flip the trade t h o u g h . I have k n o w n value for m o n e y p r o g r a m s .
Flap, Loony Lander a n d Freex several ' g a m e s t e r s ' w h o have
are the titles and I tried a f e w b o u g h t b u d g e t price s o f t w a r e t o
out. be p e r f e c t l y happy w i t h it e v e n
All have a very u n i n f o r m a t i v e t h o u g h it has p r o d u c e d n o t h i n g
c a s s e t t e insert w i t h just the but s c o r n f r o m the critics.
operating keys explained, the A s far as I can see, y o u pay
rules a n d p u r p o s e of the g a m e your money and take your
are not m e n t i o n e d . c h a n c e , and if y o u w a n t en-
H o w e v e r , on screen a fairly joyable but uninspired g a m e s
c o m p r e h e n s i v e set of instruc- t h e n these m a y be f o r y o u . A l l
tions w e r e provided f o r those I credit t o S o f t w a r e Projects for
looked at. Flip Flap is an in- not p r o m o t i n g t h e m as full price
teresting pinball game w i t h software.
t w e n t y tables t o be played. This

82 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 SOFTWARE

• You k n o w t h o s e " t e s t s " w h i c h appear in the papers every n o w

continue
and t h e n w h i c h g i v e y o u r personality by a n s w e r i n g questions like;
" H o w o f t e n d o y o u r beat y o u r cat? 1 . T w i c e a w e e k , 2 . Five times
a w e e k , 3 . One a d a y . "
W e l l W i l l i a m Stuart S y s t e m s have a c o m p u t e r version for y o u to

to confuse!
dabble w i t h
A c t u a l l y I s h o u l d be serious, they h a v e p r o d u c e d s o m e very
clever h a r d w a r e (Voice recognition, Speech and s o u n d units)
backed up by s o m e impressive s o f t w a r e and so this m a y be a g o o d
p r o g r a m a n d of practical use. A t £ 1 4 . 9 5 t h e y are o b v i o u s l y
serious.
Called Life-Line w e w o u l d be v e r y i n t e r e s t e d t o r e v i e w it in a
sensible manner if w e get a c o p y . CCS, Cases C o m p u t i n g Simula-
tions, have been producing
• H i s o f t is a c o m p a n y t h a t have a r e p u t a t i o n for very high quality strategy games since April
and serious p r o g r a m s . Their Pascal compiler is universally praised. 19 8 2 a n d t h e y h a v e consistent-
A f t e r a long time t w o m o r e p r o g r a m s have been added to their ly a d d e d t o their range over t h e
range. years.
" C " is a p r o g r a m m i n g language for the S p e c t r u m and one In the last t w o years t h e y
w h i c h I a d m i t my ignorance. I promise t o investigate and report have run a c o m p e t i t i o n in con-
back as s o o n as possible. j u n c t i o n w i t h the Sinclair User . e
• '' U l t r a k i t " is a versatile t o o l k i t , a p r o g r a m t h a t gives y o u ex- magazine to f i n d the best
a m a t e u r strategic or a d v e n t u r e
Juband
a BLtJ

tra c o m m a n d s t o a i d y o u r p r o g r a m m i n g (Renumber, A u t o e t c ) . a n d
f r o m the s p e c i f i c a t i o n s looks like it deserves a closer e x a m i n a t i o n . game.
" C " i s £ 2 5 . 0 0 a n d " U l t r a k i t " i s £ 9 . 4 5 f r o m H i s o f t , 1 8 0 High T h e s e have f o r m e d the basis
St. N o r t h , Dunstable, LU6 1 A T . of s o m e of their latest releases.
" T h e P r i n c e " is a very d i f f e r e n t
• M o n i t o r Ltd. PO Box 4 4 2 , L o n d o n N W 7 2 J F tell us that they a d v e n t u r e g a m e in t h a t up t o
n o w have v e r s i o n 2 of their M i c r o d r i v e Utility P r o g r a m o n sale. T h e four players can play interactive-
range of facilities is very c o m p r e h e n s i v e a n d includes routines t o l y , a n d is a l s o p r o g r a m m e d
merge w i t h Masterfile and T a s w o r d II to enable t h e m t o run o n the largely in machine c o d e . This
^ / sSSSlSSL ^
Microdrive. w a s the w i n n i n g p r o g r a m and
T h e y w o n ' t t r u s t us w i t h a r e v i e w c o p y but o f f e r e d us a w a s w r i t t e n by J o h n Sherry of
Keele, it w i l l c o s t £ 7 . 9 5 . " 1 9 4 2 M i s s i o n " is another
d e m o n s t r a t i o n . U n f o r t u n a t e l y our schedule m a d e this i m p r a c t i c a l . adventure game and w a s writ-
t e n b y T h o m a s Frost f r o m
• From S e m a p h o r e . C H - 1 2 8 3 La Plaine, (Geneve) Suisse, we A n g u s , a n d " I n s u r g e n c y " and
had a letter describing their M i c r o d r i v e FIG Forth p r o g r a m . It ap- " W a r Z o n e " are w a r games. In-
pears t o be one of the first p r o g r a m s that takes a d v a n t a g e of the s u r g e n c y for t w o players. These
M i c r o d r i v e ' s filing a n d access f e a t u r e s . w e r e w r i t t e n by N i c h o l a s
This m u s t be of interest to all t h o s e interested in Forth, and we Holgate and Steven Thomas
look f o r w a r d t o being able t o give a full report s o o n . respectively.
T h e final p r o g r a m of this
• M a s t e r t r o n i c are e x p a n d i n g their range. Space W a l k , and B M X g r o u p is " B l u e R i b a n d " w h i c h is
Racers have been released for the S p e c t r u m a n d any day s o o n w e a seafaring navigational simula-
could see classics s u c h as Arcadia a n d A l c h e m i s t under their ban- t i o n , a n d w a s w r i t t e n by David
ner. Bark of Stranraer. All four of
So far they h a v e not seen fit t o provide us w i t h r e v i e w copies, these are priced at £ 5 . 9 5 and all
still, w e live in hope! of these are for the 4 8 K Spec-
trum.
• O m e g a S o f t w a r e is yet a n o t h e r b u d g e t price s o f t w a r e house t o C C S have a great deal of ex-
emerge. This one is slightly d i f f e r e n t h o w e v e r , in that their pro- perience in m a r k e t i n g these t y p e
grams are m a d e u p of s o m e w e l l k n o w n p r o g r a m s f r o m established of games a n d if this is w h e r e
s o f t w a r e houses, A n i r o g , C R L a n d Silversoft a m o n g t h e m . y o u r i n t e r e s t lies t h e n y o u
Titles for the S p e c t r u m are C o p t e r , Handy A n d y , C h a m b e r of s h o u l d c h e c k t h e m out as s o o n
Horrors, Pool, C o r r u p t i o n and Galactic Patrol. This latter is also as possible.
available for the m u c h n e g l e c t e d 2 X 8 1 .
All these are priced at £ 1 .99 .

A t last! Not only the p r o m i s e d sequel to Sabre W u l f , but T W O And now for T h e n t h e y return to the style
for w h i c h t h e y ' r e k n o w n and
sequels.
U n d e r w u r i d e c o n t i n u e s S a b r e m a n ' s a d v e n t u r e s in a d i f f e r e n t
something loved w i t h Air Defence and The
scenario a n d K n i g h t Lore f e a t u r e s 3 D perspective. W e ' l l rush the completely Staff of Zaranol, a w a r g a m e a n d
review copies to our drooling r e v i e w e r a n d report n e x t issue, different.... a n a d v e n t u r e g a m e respective-
ly. These c o s t £ 5 . 9 5 .
m e a n w h i l e c h e c k t h e m o u t at y o u r nearest s h o p , they are f r o m
Ultimate of course! A s far as I k n o w the release of A n d finally (for n o w ! ) s u c h is
" N u k e L e a r " and " T o m b of t h e o u t p u t of this c o m p a n y that
• A n o t h e r t e m p t a t i o n — sorry, prize — for players of Star A k h e n a t e n " o n their Charlie j u s t as I w a s f i n i s h i n g this
Dreams' a d v e n t u r e g a m e T h e S a n d m a n C o m e t h . Up f o r grabs this Charlie Sugar series of b u d g e t outline, yet another t w o pro-
time is a w e e k e n d for t w o in Paris for the lucky w i n n e r , c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s marks the first ever grams from them dropped
pressmen e x c l u d e d (curses foiled!). v e n t u r e into arcade style g a m e s t h r o u g h t h e letter b o x .
The g a m e is in t w o parts a n d w a s devised a n d w r i t t e n by the by this c o m p a n y . B o t h look very B a r r o w q u e s t is another adven-
same person w h o w r o t e t h e Stranglers " A u r a l Q u e s t " g a m e . For interesting a n d I'll get our t a m e ture b y J o h n Sherry and Super-
hopeful holidaying a d v e n t u r e fans f r o m Star Dreams, 1 7 Barn experts t o check them out. p o w e r is a strategy g a m e .
Close, Seaford, Sussex, f o r £ 1 0 .9 5 . These are priced at £ 2 .99 each This s h o u l d keep Greg Turn-
a n d w i l l s o o n be j o i n e d by bull burning the m i d n i g h t oil!
W i z a r d ' s Curse, V o f f y , Shift A great selection of challeng-
Shaft and 1 8 0 . ing g a m e s .

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 83
 SPECTRUM C A M E

Patience IV: The wall

Colin Gooch continues his acclaimed series of card
games for the Spectrum.
SPECTRUM PROGRAM
This is, i think, o.ie of the most up if four user defined graphics.
challenging of the w i d e range of Each card is contained in a
patience g a m e s . T h o u g h ob- pack and is represented by five
viously the run of cards plays an elements a name, t w o to repre-
important part the m o v e s that sent value, the suit and the col
the player makes also affect the our. The programme reads the
more the game. The full rules are various elements to print out
in the p r o g r a m m e , but briefly w e each card.
lay out all 5 2 cards, remove the The pack remains as A$ and
aces and then use the gaps t o five blanks are inserted each
manipulate the cards into order. t i m e a card is r e m o v e d and five WHICH CARD TO MOUE7 ENTER LINE
From the p r o g r a m m i n g point blanks replaced at the new posi- T H E N COLUMN
of v i e w producing 5 2 cards on tion. A t the end of a round
s c r e e n is q u i t e a c h a l l e n g e . w r o n g l y p l a c e d c a r d s are
There is no w a y that a 1 3 x 4
grid of simulated cards is possi-
transferred t o another string P$ , Variables used
c o m p l e t e w i t h gaps. This is
ble as w e are restricted t o a card s h u f f l e d , and the gaps replaced A$ assembled pack
w i d t h of t w o print positions. by aces. This is then printed out, B$ suits
W h a t w e have as a " c a r d " is a a new card going t o each loca- C$ card in play
f o u r by f o u r p r i n t p o s i t i o n tion w h e r e there is no existing D$ temporary string
r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of a d i a m o n d card, sensed by the A T T R func- E$ holds four aces
spade etc. underneath a value. tion, w h i c h then becomes the G$ card immediately before blank
The picture of each suit is made new A$. 1$ title
N$ R$ Captions
P$ pack of incorrect cards
Q$ temporary string
Line to line Z$ input

ACE slicer for E$

1 000 Defined f u n c t i o n s t o fix position of card on B,M,N,P,Q loops
screen and in the various strings. C c o u n t i n g variable
1010 Sets colours and C A P S SHIFT. COL colour of card
1 020 Calls instructions and sets up pack. CREP location of card t o be replaced into pack
1 030-1 070 Prints hand at the start of each round. Each is F temporary flag
referenced by row and c o l u m n . RES flag t o determine end of game
1 090-1 1 40 The aces are removed f r o m the display. ROUND round in play
1 1 50-1280 This f o r m s a main loop w h i c h is repeated X,Y position of card
t h r o u g h o u t a round: it invites y o u to enter a z1 ,z2 values derived f r o m Z$
card t o be m o v e d . It then checks t h r o u g h each Z1 B.Z2B temporary storage of z1 ,z2
gap held in G$ t o see if one is an appropriate
m o v e . A special set of conditions is checked if it
is a t w o w h i c h is m o v e d t o the start of a line Note
and thus does not f o l l o w another card. A faulty
input will be ignored and y o u must enter again. The a m o u n t and size of strings
1300-1 380 Subroutine t o print a card. t o be manipulated mean that the
1 390-1 400 Subroutine t o blank a card. program w i l l not run in 1 6 K
1 4 00-1 4 4 0 Determines the position of card t o be printed. RAM.
1 450-1 590 Programme is directed t o this point w h e n e v e r
y o u resign at the end of a round. If round t PTM U U U H U H U d t n U V Y
number is three or less the pack will be reshuffl-
ed and dealt again. If round is over three then XUnder1invd c h a r a c t e r s *
y o u w i l l be given an o p p o r t u n i t y either t o carry * are entered in *
on or end the g a m e . XGRArmrs mode. *
1600-1680 If g a m e is t o end the programmer is directed t o
this section.
1690-1 780 Subroutine to check that an input is the correct i n n n y i r r rM Y l i - l (Til - l ) * 1 3 * 7 2 )
length and w i t h i n the required limits. t: r r r rn v « t i ^ A * ( r N YII TO FM
1790-1 880 The pack is set up and s h u f f l e d ready for play.
1900 The graphics are set up f r o m D A T A at end of YM*-D: r»Fr TN W«(»-A«(RM YM S
the p r o g r a m m e . TO TM y ( i - n
1 920-2060
2080-2250
Instructions for play. Option t o read.
Graphics D A T A .
i n i o r n F F 736T>8,B: BCIRDFR I: rAr
9980-9993 Start save and load routines. It is important t o PR 1: TMK o : c\5
auto start at 9 9 8 0 or graphics will not f o r m . IN?O nn ?IJB 1910: TNK P: GO SUB

84 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 SPECTRUM CAME
" THEN NEXT N: IF H«-"
I C ^ n PEM PPTMT HAND • THEM GO TO 1760
1 0 1 0 TOP v - j j n 7 ^ STEP 7 : TOR N 17-10 TT VAL P*(2 TO ~51"VA1 H« (7
- 1 TD t o STEP 16: PPTMT AT N,YJ TO 7) N AND R*(41^H*(41 THEN LE
PAPER 6»CHR* (IMT Y / 7 + 6 4 ) : NE V T T NN-M: G O TO 17^0
V
M: NEXT Y 1 ""SO NE T N
IO^O rnp Y-I M I A STEP <T: PPTMT L""6N I ET 71-71B: LET 77^"77B: GO
AT Y , O f PAPER 6 J Y / 4 : NEYT Y ^IIB MIPL: I ET A* (FN Y(> TO FN Y(
106O 1 ET POIJND-=ROUNDM : PPTMT AT >M)-R«: I ET Y^YH: GO SUB 1790:
n , n ; PAPER "PRESS mm0P mm TO E GN TO 11S0
fin PNUNTI"; AT 70,0;-POUND POUND L-'-'O I FT Y-=YH: LET A* (FN Y() TO
: I FT R-I: rnp Y^T TO 18 STFP <1 : TN Y ( > * 4 ) ~ C * : GO SUB 1790: t ET
RNP IN *^TEP 7: IR ATTP ( r.% (MM TO NN + 1 ) ^ O *
YI THEN i ET r*-A«(r TN r 178P GO TO 11 s p
i n ; r.n ^ u b 1 7^0 1790 REM PPTNT A CARD
IFR-N I FT MF~T Y: ME^T Y: n n n INK VAL C « ( " 5 ) : PAPER ~>
I C n n REM PEMOVE APES 1"M0 TE r * ( l ) = " T " THEN PR TNT AT
10^0 PRINT «I;AT 0,0;-YOU MUST P Y, v ;"OO"
PMOVE THE APES. • ; A T 1 , 0 ; " P L E A S E TF C * < 1 ) ' N " T " THEN PPTNT A
PPESS ENTER Tfl CONT T Ml IE " : PAUSE T Y,XJ C«(1 ) ; c « ( 1 )
V
n PLOT *G, 1 68-( Y*81 : INK 0:
I 1 CIO I ET G * - " " DRAW 0,8: DRAW 16,0: INK VAL C«(
1 T J P FOR B =1 TO 4 *=i)
I P P T N T AT 71,0;"ENTER COORDT TF THEM PPTNT AT
NATES OE ACE No. ";B: INPUT LTN Y4 J , Y; " RB" ; AT Y 4 - 7 , Y ; " C D "
E 7«: GO SUB 1690: GO SUB 1410: TE C * M 1 = " D " THEN PRINT AT
I E A* f EN YfM'^-A" THEM PRINT « VM, ! V ; AT Y * 7 , Y ; " G H "
1;"SOPPY NOT AM APE ": PAUSE 100 1760 TE r « ( 1 ) - T " THEN PRINT AT
: INPUT "": GO TO 1 1 20 Y < 1 , Y; " I-J" 1 AT YT7,YJ"KL"
1170 GO sun 1100: LET G«=G*+Z«: TP VR«M)="H" THEN PRINT AT
I ET A* (EN Y(1 TO EN YM+4)»" Y T 1 , J " MM" ; AT Y*-7,Y;"QP-
" : NEYT B 1780 RETURN
1 M O PPTNT AT 7 l f 0 | PAPER 4 f " NTL REM BL ANK A PAPD
• 1 <100 TOR M—1 TO 7 : PR TNT AT Y + N,
1 1 ^ 0 REM MOVE A CARD PAPER I; INK 0;" ": NEYT M:
1 1 6P TNPIIT AT 0 , 0 ; " W H T P H CARD TO RETURN
MOVF- ENTEP J T N E ' J A T 1 , 0 ; " T H E N Mid PEM PARD COORDTMATES
r n i IIMN EG.7E I THE 7 * 1170 I ET 77* 7 1
l l - o TT T t - ^ ' n r i " THEN GO TO 1170 t ET Y~ < 71 IM ) - 7
l i o n GO ^ n p 1 6 ^ 0 : LET o * = 7 « : GO 1-140 RETURN
SUB H i n ; i ET P « - F N Y * M 14*^0 REM END A POUND
M 90 TE R*=" " THEN TMPIJT 5 M60 LET APF^L: I ET " " : LET F
AT 0,0;"SORRY BUT THAT WAS A SPA -0: FOP M~ 1 TO 7 6 0 STEP TF A *
RE«";AT 1 "PI EASE ENTEP AGATN" (ML= " 7 " AND (M=L OR M=66 OR M^17
; I TNE 7«: GO TO 11 ~*0 1 pp M=196> THEN IET F~l: MEYT
1700 I ET A* (EN YU TO FN Y()+41= M
": I ET 71B^7L: 1 ET 77B=Z2: 1 4 ""0 TF A*(M TO M + 4 ) " " THE
nn SUB 14 0 0 N 1 FT E-0: LET P*^P* + E*(ACE TO
1710 TE C«(I)®"2" THEN FOR N~1 APEM): 1 ET ARE = ACE + I: NEYT M
C
TO 8 STEP 2: IE G*(N*J)~"A" THEN 1-180 TF P*-E* THEM I ET RFS=0: G
I ET 7*=G*(N TO N+L): GO SUB 16 O TO 1600
<?N: GO SUB MIP: I ET NN^N: GO TO 11*70 TE NOT E THEN GO TO 1S70
1 2~'0 TT VAL A*(M+1 TO M+7)~VAL A
1770 TE r * ( 1 ) ^ " 7 " THEN NEXT M: t ' M 4 TO M AND (M + 7 ) ( M
GO TO 1760 71 THEN ME 'T M V

1 770 FOR N-L TO 8 STEP 7: LET 1 ^ 1 0 I FT r - n

= G*(N TO N+L): GO SUB 1690; GO S 1S-«0 TF THEM I FT Y-(M'*S
UB 1410: LET H*=FN W«()• IF T MT I M / ^ H H ) | : I FT Y-TMT fM

- ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 85
 SPECTRUM CAME
7: GO SUB 1^0: LET F TAPF": LOAD ""
R*TA*(M M MM) : I N A*<M TO M + 4 1690 REM CHECK VAL TD INPUT
>•=•• MFVT M: TT r*-am THFN 1^00 TF LEN 7*<N7 THEN GO TO 17
I F T P F S ^ n : G O TO 1 6 0 0 S0
I^Tf* TF P O U N D ' ! T H F M G O TO 1^60 1^10 FOP V-L TO 7: TF 7*<V)="" T
t^^in r P T M T AT 1<?,0; P A P E R 5 INK HEN GO TO 1 ~*50
n; " Y O U APF O N L Y S U P P O S E D TO HAV I ~*70 NEXT V
F * ; A T 7 0 , 0 ; " T H R F F G O F S TF YOU I "'30 TF CODE 7*(L><49 OR CODE 7*
W A N T TH C H F A T • J AT 7 1 , 0 ; " A N D KEEP ML^? V 7
OP CODF 7«T7)-'6? OR CODF
G O TNG F N T F P C. TF N O T •! G O SUB 7«(2) "'' THEN GO TO 1 ""SO
1 -'"O I 'AG I.FT Z1=VAL Z*(L): LET Z2=CO
TF 7 « - " " T H E N I FT RES=1: G DE 7*(7)-64: RETURN
0 TO T600 RSP INPUT AT 0,0;"ENTRY UNACCEP
1 ^ 6 0 OO S U B 1">60: T P TNT AT 7 1 , 0 ; TAPIF";AT 1,0;"PLEASE CHOOSE AGA
"Mn>>>>S H U F F L T N G <<<<< TN"; I TNF 7*: GO TO 1690
' " : F O R M- 1 TO 4: G O S U B 1 8 5 0 L-,60 FOR M=-19 TO 71: PRINT AT N,
1*5^0 G O S U B 1 ^ 6 0 0; PAPFR A;"
1"SR0 L F T C P E P = l : F O R N= 1 T O 2 6 0 ": NEXT N: RETURN
STFP IF A * ( N ) = " " T H E N LET A 1 ^ 0 INPUT AT 0,0; TNK 0; PAPER
<*(N TO N + 4 ) = P * ( C R E P TO C R E P + 4 ) : ; " PRESS ENTER TO CONTINUE
I FT r R F P = r R F P t ? •; LTNE 7*: RETURN
1S9P N E X T N: G O TO 1 0 6 0 I ~*80 RFM SET UP PACK
1 6 0 O R E M ENT) G A M F 1 "'90 PRINT AT 3, 6; "PREPARING THE
1 6 1 0 B O R D E R l: P A P E R 6: TNK 0: C PACK": LET ROUND=0: LET P*="":
tS LET B*-"SDCH": LET D*="A01202303
1 6 7 0 TF P E S T H E M FOP N = 3 0 TO 1 40450560670~'80890OT10J 1 1Q12K13" :
S T F P -!• B F E P N / 1 0 0 , N : P R I N T A T LET £%='A01S0A01C0A01H2A01D2"
1,31-NJ "N " : N E Y T N 1800 FOR 0=1 TO 39 STEP 3: FOR P
1 6 ^ 0 TF P F S T H E N PRT NT A T 3 , 3 ; • -I TO a: LET COL^0: IF P=2 OR P=
SOPPY BUT YOU DTDN'T M A K E •;AT A THEN LET C0L=2
4 , 1 ; " T T T H A T T T M F " : TF R O U N D > 3 T 1810 LET P*=P*+D*<Q TO 9+2>+B*<P
HEN PRTMT AT A , 1 3 ? " . . E V E N THOUG )+STR* COL
H YOU"J A T 5, 105 " H A D " J R O U N D J " RO 1820 NEXT P: NEXT Q
IJNDS" 1830 CLS : PRINT AT 7,9; PAPER 5
1 6 4 0 TF N O T R E S THEN F O R N= 1 T ; INK 1 ; " 6BEFT.JMMT.JC FOB" ; AT 8,9?
0 T 0 : F O R M=1 T O 6 S T E P 5: B E E P - COGHTLLQETLLQHCD-; AT 10,12; PAPER
(<31-N1/100)*(M=1),N: PRINT AT M FLASH 1 ; "SHUFFLING" ; AT 12,9;
, N; F L A S H l; P A P E R 7j B R I G H T 0? PAPFP S? INK IT FLASH 0;"RBFFT.J
TNK 2 ; " ' " : N E X T M: N E X T N I1MTJFFRF" ; AT 13,*?; - CDGHKLOPKLGHC
16°i0 IF N O T R E S T H E N LET N*="GR P "
F A T ' Y O U D T D TT": F O R N=1 T O 17: 1840 FOR M-1 TO 4: LET A=21+(5*<
P R I N T AT 3 , N + 5 ; P A P E R 3; INK 7; 1+TNT (RND*20))): LET P«=P*(A TO
B R T G H T | ; N * ( N ) : B E E P .01,NJ N E X ) +P* ( TO A- 1 )
T N: TF R O U N D > 3 T H E N P R I N T AT 4 1850 FOR N~6 TO LEN P*-5 STEP 5*
,5;"BUT TOOK ";ROUND-3;" EXTRA (1•INT (RND* 4) ) : LET C«^P*(N TO
P O U N D " : TF R 0 U N D > 4 T H E N PR T NT A M»4): LET P*=P*< TO N-1)«-P*(N*5
T 4 , 78? " S " TO )+C«: BEEP .01,N/10-10
1 6 6 0 P P T N T AT l 7 , 3 | " Y O U M A Y : - " ; A 1860 NEXT N: NEXT M: IF ROUND >0
T 11,1;"1) PLAY THTS GAME AGAIN" THFN RFTURN
;AT 1 5 , 3 ; " ? ) P L AY N E X T G A M E ON TA 18^0 NEXT N: NEXT M: CLS : LET A
TF";AT 1 5 ;• P R E S S K E Y TO C H O O S F RETURN
H 1880 INPUT "PRESS ENTER TO CONTI
16"*^ PAUSE 0: TF TNKEY*="L" THEM NUE"; LTNE Z«: BEEP .05,10: RETU
TAPFP 4: TMK 0: BORDER 4: CIS PN
. N FAP : ON SUB I~,T?0: GO TO 103 1890 REM GRAHICS
1<?00 PRINT AT 2,8; "FORMING GRAPH
1 /jp0 Tr T N K E Y * - " 7 " T H E N CLS : P TCS": RESTORE 20^0: FOR N=1 TO 1
P T N T AT 1 0 , 1 0 ! F L A S H l; " S T A R T T H 8: READ RS: FOR M=0 TO 7: BORDER

86 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 SPECTRUM GAME
M: READ R: POKE USR RT + M , R : NEX 7F* C ;0 PRINT '" UNLIKE MANY GAMES
T M: NEXT N: RETURN NR PATTENCE"'" TH T S GAME DOES MO
1910 REM INSTRUCTIONS T PELY PURELY"*" ON CHANCE. YOUR
1970 t. E T 1 $ = ' * * * * * **-* * * * CHOICE OR CARD"'" TO BE MOVED W
* * * * * * * * * *
ILL ALTER THE " ' " PROGRESS OF TH
* * * * * *** ** * * * F GAME."
*** * * * * * * * * *
7<V,N PRINT " THE GAME CONSISTS
I * * * * * * * * * * * OR THREE " ' " ROUNDS. WHEN YOU C
* * *** *** " AM MOVE " ' " MO MORE PRESS ""00""
1<*30 PAPER 4: CLS GO SUB CLS : RETURN
1 9 1 0 TNK 2: P R T N T A T 4 , 0 ; P A P E R 20" , 0 R E M G R A P H I C S D A T A
1; T N K 4 ; I * ; A T 1 2 , 6 ; P A P E R 6 ; IN 7080 DATA "A",255,128,129,131,13
K p;-A G A M E OF P A T I E N C E " ; A T 16,2 143, 1 4 3 , 1 5 9
0> ' b y C . N . G O O C H " ; A T 2 1 , 0 ; " PRE DATA "B",255,1,129,193,225,
SS ANY KFY TO C O N T I N U E "! P A U S 241,241,249
F 2 0 : INK 4: P R I N T AT 4 , 0 ; INK 1 2 1 0 0 D A T A " C " , 1 5 9 , 191 , 1 9 1 , 1 5 7 , 13
;T»: PAUSE 70: IF INKEY*<>"" THE 131 , 1 2 8 , 2 5 5
N GO TO 1960 2110 DATA "D",249,253,253,185,14
1950 GO TO 1940 5,193,1,255
1960 TF I N K E Y * ' > " THEN GO TO 1 7170 DATA "E",255,128,129,131,13
96P 5,143,159,191
19**0 PRINT AT 20,0; TNK 0; PAPER 2130 DATA "F",255,1,179,193,225,
5;- no YOU WANT INSTRUCTIONS 741,249,253
"JAT 2 1 , 0 ; • PRESS • " Y" 2140 DATA "G",191,159,143,135,13
"ES OR " " N" " O 1,179,128,2^5
1980 TF TNKEY*="N" THEN CLS : R 71^0 DATA "H",253,249,241,225,19
FTURN 3, 1 2 9 , 1 f 2 5 5
1990 TF TNKEY*="Y" THEN GO TO 2 7160 DATA "l",255,128,131,135,14
010 3,135,131,153
7000 GO TO 19~*0 7!~'0 D A T A " J" , 2 5 5 , 1 , 1 9 3 , 2 2 5 , 2 4 1 ,
7 0 1 0 I N K 0 : C L S : P R I N T *" A P A C ??S, 19^, IS^t
K OF C A R D S W I L L B E D E A L T " ' " I N T 7 1 8 0 D A T A " K " , 1 8 9 , 191 , 1 5 9 , 14 1 , 1 2
D F O U R R O W S OF T H I R T E E N "'" C A R 9,131,128,255
O S . " ' " THE ROWS DOWN THE SCREEN 2190 DATA "L",189,253,249,177,12
ARF * * " N U M B F R E D 1 T O 4 ; A N D T H E " 9,193,1,255
'" r o t U M N S A C R O S S A R E A T O M. 2200 DATA "M",255,128,156,190,19
*" C A R D S A R F R E F E R E N C E D B Y R O W # 1,191,159,143
*• F O L L O W E D FY C O L U M N E G . 3 K " 7 2 1 0 D A T A " N " , 2 5 5 , 1 , 5"*, 1 2 5 , 2 5 3 , 2
7 0 2 0 P R I N T ' " YOU M U S T F I R S T OF 53,249,241
A L L F N T F R "'" T H E R E F E R E N C E S OF 7220 DATA *O-,143,135,135,131,12
THF A C E S "'" T H E S E W I L L BE R E M O 9,129,128,255
VET). " 7230 DATA "P",241,225,225,193,12
7 0 T P P R I N T *" T H E O B J E C T TS T O G 9,179,1,255
ET FOUR " " ROWS RUNNING FROM 2240 DATA -Q",0,36,42,42,42,42,3
7 TO K I N G " ' * " T H I S IS D O N E B Y M 6,0
O V I N G C A R D S " ' * INTO G A P S SUCH TH 2750 DATA " R " , 0 , ">2 , 8 1 , 8 4 , 8 4 , 8 4 , 7
AT THE CARD"'" TO THE LEFT TS TH 2,0
F ONE BEFORF"'' IT IN A C E T O K I N ?000 RETURN
r, S E Q U E N C E , " T " IN EACH SUIT": G «Q80 C L S : P R I N T AT 10,10; F L A S H
o SUB L Y-'E 1;" S T O P T H F T A P E ": F O R N - 1 T O
2010 CLS : PRINT '" YOU WILL NOT 10: B E E P . I , N : P A U S E 10: N E X T N
BE ALLOWED TO " " MAKE AN ILLEG : GO S U B 1 9 0 0 : G O TO 1000
AL MOVE. IN THE"'" EVENT OF AN I 9990 SAVE "patienceD" LINE 9980
NCORRECT ENTRY"'" YOU WILL BE AS °90o rL<5 . PRINT " R E W I N D TH
KI7D TO ENTER"*" AGAIN. THE CARD F TAPE"'" PLAYBACK TO VERI
CONCERNED WILL FLICKER ONCE FY '
TO SHOW "*" THAT AN INPUT WAS RE VERIFY "patienceD": CLS : P
TETVFD." PTMT ; RI A S H L;" ALL OK"

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY,MARCH 1985 87

 ZX81 SIMULATION

Chess Clock
Fed up w i t h t h r a s h i n g " G r a n d -
master C h e s s " at level ten?
W h y not t a k e o n a real live o p p o -
nent — y o u r son for instance (or
your old man — Ed.) Y o u m i g h t
s h o w h i m a t h i n g or t w o w i t h the
old chess pieces e v e n if y o u
c a n ' t g e t near his score o n
Galaxians! Here's a p r o g r a m t o
Use your ZX81 as an impartial time
help y o u — help y o u play, t h a t is
n o t w i n ! I t ' s a fully a u t o m a t i c
keeper when playing that next game of
chess clock.
I w a s d r i v e n t o w r i t e CHESS-
chess! The Rev. J H wall of Newcastle
CLOCK for our poor old d u s t y
Z X 8 1 because I c o u l d n ' t get
shows you how.
near the S p e c t r u m for all t h e
b u r n t o u t space ships. This pro- T h e use of PAUSE t h o u g h the first session and t h e n invites Blitz chess
g r a m does all t h a t a proper chess o b v i o u s is far t o o crude and ac- y o u t o begin.
clock w o u l d d o , a n d m u c h m o r e t u a l l y d o e s n ' t a l l o w for s u f f i - The display s h o w s y o u h o w This popular f o r m of chess, in
besides. T h a t c o u l d save y o u ciently accurate adjustment. m a n y m o v e s are stil to be m a d e w h i c h each player m u s t m a k e all
£ 2 0 if y o u w e r e b u y i n g one f o r Satisfactory adjustment was and t h e t i m e left for each player. his m o v e s in, say 1 0 m i n u t e s
h o m e use. a c h i e v e d by t h e FOR-NEXT loop W h e n W h i t e has m a d e his first can be played by entering a high
at lines 3 7 2 - 3 7 6 (black m o v e he presses " 1 " w h i c h m o v e - r a t e ie 1 0 0 0 per hour.
Tournament clocks 4 7 2 - 4 7 6 ) f o r basic s e t t i n g , a n d
by a c o u p l e of d o d g e s for fine
s t o p s his c l o c k and s t a r t s
Black's. Black t h e n replies w i t h a
The player w h o first uses u p his
t i m e is the loser, unless m a t e
T h e c h e s s c l o c k used in tour- t u n i n g . Lines 3 7 1 and 4 7 1 h a v e m o v e a n d presses " 0 " . Tourna- has been reached f i r s t . Blitz is
n a m e n t s is just t w o cheap clock e x t r a s p a c e s o n t h e e n d of m e n t rules usually require y o u t o very g o o d for sharpening your
m e o v e m e n t s joined t o g e t h e r . A " S T O P " which fractionally use the same h a n d t o m o v e t h e reactions and for i m p r o v i n g your
lever w i t h t w o b u t t o n s a l l o w s s l o w the routine, and for B l a c k ' s pieces and t o press t h e c l o c k . sight of the board.
y o u t o start one c l o c k w h e n y o u c l o c k , line 4 7 4 — w h i c h ap-
s t o p t h e o t h e r . T w o little flags parently prints n o t h i n g gives
s h o w w h e n y o u h a v e run o u t of a repeated a d j u s t m e n t in the
loop. Incidentally, PRINT A T 0 , 0
5 REM "CHESSCLOCK"
time.
This simple p r o g r a m copies t a k e s far m o r e t i m e t h a n PRINT 10 CLS
t h e chess c l o c k , but in digital A T 2 1 , 1 2 t h o u g h I h a v e no idea 12 PRINT "ENTER MOVE RATE IN M
f o r m . In addition, the p r o g r a m w h y ! I w o u l d be very i n t e r e s t e d
t o k n o w if every Z X 8 1 will w o r k OVES/HOUR"
shows you h o w many moves
y o u still m u s t m a k e before y o u r w i t h the same a d j u s t m e n t s or 14 INPUT X$
t i m e runs o u t . W h e n y o u h a v e w h e t h e r y o u will need t o m a k e 16 IF X$=" u THEN GOTO 14
m a d e t h e required n u m b e r of provisions for your own
m a c h i n e . I a c h i e v e d an a c c u r a c y 18 IF CODE X*<29 OR CODE X$>37
moves w i t h i n the time allowed,
t h e p r o g r a m a u t o m a t i c a l l y adds of 1 / 5 t h of a s e c o n d in 5 THEN GOTO 14
y o u r n e x t ration of t i m e a n d t h e m i n u t e s for b o t h c l o c k s . 20 LET X=VAL X$
extra moves you have t o make. 22 PRINT X;"MOVES
Should y o u exceed the time
HOUR"
limit, t h e display i n f o r m s y o u of How to use 30 PRINT
t h e bad n e w s ie y o u h a v e lost o n CHESSCLOCK 32 PRINT "HOW MANY
time.
Set up y o u r board w i t h t h e
MINUTES TO TIME CHECK?"
Z X 8 1 , w i t h the VDU on White's 34 INPUT Y*
Program left. C h o o s e a m o v e - r a t e . 1 6 36 IF Y$="" THEN GOTO
description m o v e s per hour is G r a n d m a s t e r
38 IF CODE Y$<29 OR
s t u f f , 2 4 per hour is usual Club
Lines 1 0 - 1 0 0 ask y o u t o set the rate and n o v i c e s probably play CODE Y$>37 THEN GOTO 34
m o v e - r a t e , a n d t h e d u r a t i o n of at a r o u n d 6 0 m o v e s per hour! 40 LET Y=VAL Y$
t h e first a n d s u b s e q u e n t ses- N e x t , decide h o w long your
p l a y i n g session w i l l be t o t h e
42 PRINT Y;" MINUTES TO
sions. Lines 1 1 0 t o 2 9 2 set up
the initial values of t h e variables first time-check. (Remember TIME CHECK"
and create the display. The this is the t i m e for each player so 50 PRINT
3 0 0 ' s are the routines for up- t h e session c o u l d be t w i c e as
d a t i n g t h e m o v e n u m b e r and the long).
actual c l o c k for W h i t e , Black is N e x t , enter t h e l e n g t h of t h e
c a t e r e d for in t h e s a m e w a y in sessions after t h e first, assum-
the 4 0 0 ' s . 5 0 0 a n d 6 0 0 c o n - ing the game isn't finished
tain the bad n e w s if y o u lose o n b e f o r e y o u get t h a t far! The
t i m e . T h e routine at 8 0 0 up- c o m p u t e r calculates h o w m a n y
dates the variables w h e n y o u m o v e s each player m u s t m a k e in
have m a d e all t h e m o v e s re-
quired for one session. Lines
9 0 0 t o 9 2 0 enables y o u t o s t o p
both clocks while y o u have tea
or w r i t e d o w n a sealed m o v e .
The m a i n p r o b l e m in w r i t i n g
t h e p r o g r a m w a s to m a k e b o t h
digital c l o c k s as a c c u r a t e as
possible. W h i t e ' s c l o c k is c o n -
tained w i t h i n lines 3 5 0 - 3 9 8 ,
w i t h Black's almost identical
r o u t i n e in 4 5 0 t o 4 9 8 .

88
 ZX81 SIMULATION
52 PRINT "HOW MANY MINUTES TO 240 PRINT AT 14,5; "| I" ; A
BE ADDED AT EACH TIME CHECK?" T 15,5; I" ; AT 16,5; "I
54 INPUT Z*
56 IF Z$ = "" THEN GOTO 54 242 PRINT AT 14,19;
58 IF CODE Z*<29 OR CODE Z$>37 AT 15,19;"! I" ; AT 16, 19; "L
THEN GOTO 54 I"
60 LET Z=VAL Z* 250 PRINT AT 10,8;XW;AT 10,22;X
62 PRINT Z;" MINUTES EXTRA AT B
EACH TIME CHECK" 252 PRINT AT 15,6;HW;":";MW;" :
70 FOR N=1 TO 100 ";SW;AT 15,20;HB;":";MB;" :";SB
72 NEXT N 260 PRINT ) M 1 1 t II li II 1 <1 II AFTER WH
73 PRINT ITES MOVE", 0"" AFTER BLACKS M
74 LET XX = INT (X*Y/60) OVE", S"" TO START"
75 IF X*Y/60>XX THEN LET XX=XX 270 IF INKEY$="S" THEN GOTO 290
+1 272 GOTO 270
76 PRINT "EACH PLAYER MUST MAK 290 PRINT AT 6,7;"TO MOVE"
E "; XX ; " MOVES BEFORE FIRST PE 292 GOTO 350
RIOD ENDS" 300 LET XB=XB-1
78 PRINT 305 IF XB=0 THEN GOSUB 800
80 PRINT S"" TO START" 310 PRINT AT 10,22;XB;" ";AT 6,
90 IF INKEY*="S" THEN GOTO 100 7;"TO MOVE";AT 6,21;"
350 PRINT AT 15,10;":";SW
92 GOTO 90 355 IF SW<10 THEN PRINT AT 15,1
100 CLS 2;" "
110 LET HW=INT (Y/60) 360 IF SW=0 THEN GOTO 380
120 LET HB=INT (Y/60) 365 IF INKEY$="S" THEN GOSUB 90
140 LET MW=Y—HW*60 0
150 LET MB=Y—HB*60 370 LET SW=SW-1
160 LET SW=0 371 PRINT AT 21,0 ; S"" TO STO
M
170 LET SB—0 P
180 LET XW=XX 372 FOR N=1 TO 9
190 LET XB=XX 373 IF INKEY*="1" THEN GOTO 400
200 PRINT ,,,," ;XX;" MOVE 376 NEXT N
S IN ";Y;" MINUTES" 378 GOTO 350
210 PRINT ,,,," 380 LET SW=59
382 IF MW=0 THEN GOTO 390
220 PRINT ,,,, MOVES STI 383 LET MW=MW—1
LL TO MAKE" 384 FOR N=1 TO 8
230 PRINT AT 12,12;"TIME LEFT 1 386 NEXT N
387 PRINT AT 15,8;MW;" "
388 GOTO 350
390 LET MW=59
392 IF HW=0 THEN GOTO 500
394 LET HW=HW-1
396 PRINT AT 15,6;HW;":"
397 PRINT AT 15,8;MW;" "
398 GOTO 350
400 LET XW=XW-1
410 PRINT AT 10,8;XW;" ";AT 6,7
";AT 6,21;"TO MOVE"
420 PRINT AT 17,7;"
II

450 PRINT AT 15,24;":";SB

455 IF SB<10 THEN PRINT AT 15,2
6;
460 IF SB=0 THEN GOTO 480
465 IF INKEY$="S" THEN GOSUB 90
0
470 LET SB=SB-1

89
 ZX81 SIMULATION
471 PRINT AT 21,0;"""S" M TO STO i t * B"" TO BEGIN ANOTHER GAME"
H H II II ^ II 14
TO RESET CONDITIONS"
» i i
472 FOR N=1 TO 6 660 IF INKEY$="E" THEN GOTO 999
473 IF INKEY$="0" THEN GOTO 300 9
474 PRINT AT 21,12 665 IF INKEY$="B" THEN GOTO 100
476 NEXT N 670 IF INKEYf="R" THEN RUN
478 GOTO 450 680 GOTO 660
480 LET S 13=59 800 LET XB=XB+INT <X*Z/60)
482 IF MB=0 THEN GOTO 490 810 LET XW=XW+1 NT (X*Z/60>
483 LET MB=MB-1 820 LET MB=MB+Z
484 FOR N=1 TO 8 830 LET HB=HB+INT (MB/60)
486 NEXT N 840 IF MB>=60 THEN LET MB=MB-(I
487 PRINT AT 15,22;MB;" " NT (MB/60) )'*60
488 GOTO 450 845 PRINT AT 17,7;"TIME + MOVES
490 LET MB=59 ingBBg"
492 IF HB=0 THEN GOTO 600 850 LET MW=MW+Z
494 LET HB=HB-1 B60 LET HW=HW+INT (MW/60)
496 PRINT AT 15,20;HB;":" 870 IF MW>—60 THEN LET MW=MW—(I
497 PRINT AT 15,22;MB;" " NT (MW/60))*60
498 GOTO 450 875 PRINT AT 10,8;XW;" ";AT 10,
500 CLS 22;XB;" "
510 PRINT BLRCK 877 PRINT AT 15,6;HW;":";MW;AT
WON ON TIME 15,20;HB;":";MB
520 GOTO 650 880 RETURN
600 CLS 900 PRINT AT 21,0;' R"" TO RES
610 PRINT ,, HH I TE TART"
HON ON TIMEn 910 IF INKEY$="R" THEN RETURN
650 PRINT » i »»» » E"" TO END", 920 GOTO 910

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But which ones?
Every week millions of advertisements appear in print, on posters or
in the cinema.
Most of them comply with the rules contained in the British Code of
Advertising Practice.
But some of them break the rules and warrant your complaints.
If you're not sure about which ones they are, however, drop us a line
and we'll send you an abridged copy of the Advertising Code.
Then, if an advertisement bothers you, you'll be justified in y
bothering us. m

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If an advertisement is wrong, were here to put it right.
A S A Ltd, Dept2 Brook House, Tomngton Place, London W C 1 E 7 H N

This space is donated in the interests of high standards of advertising.

90 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 SOFTWARE REVIEWS!

The ZX81 soft Extended Basic

F J C Beniest

selection
E x t e n d e d Basic is designed t o
o v e r c o m e t h e l i m i t a t i o n s of
Sinclair Basic on the Z X 8 1 . It
e n a b l e s s o m e of t h e s t a t e -
m e n t s , f o u n d in c o n v e n t i o n a l
The ZX81 soft selection Basic b u t m i s s i n g f r o m t h e
Z X 8 1 , t o be used.
ZX81 software reviewed by Nick Pearce. READ, D A T A , RESTORE,
D R A W , U N D R A W , IN, O U T and
FILL are all p r o v i d e d . PRINT,
CLS a n d SCROLL f u n c t i o n s are
included a n d w o r k very m u c h
faster than their Sinclair
Micromouse Goes w h e t h e r further i n n o v a t i v e pro- Bears in The wood, c o u n t e r p a r t s , a n d utilise the
g r a m m i n g m i g h t lead t o still
De-Bugging better s o f t w a r e . The Z X 8 1 and Climber w h o l e screen t o o .
M C Lothlorian seems far f r o m being o n the Unicorn Micro The interpreter is in 2 . 2 K of
machine c o d e s i t u a t e d in Basic
shelf.
W h e n the p r o g r a m is c o m -
Systems line 0 . The s o f t w a r e is simplicity
M i c r o m o u s e is an excellent fast itself t o use. No R A N D USR
m o v i n g arcade g a m e for the plete it w i l l run and y o u progress
s t a t e m e n t s or POKE c o m -
Z X 8 1 . It is w r i t t e n entirely in t o the n e x t level. T o m a k e things Back t o n o r m a l Z X 8 1 graphics in
m a n d s . The e x t e n d e d Basic
m a c h i n e c o d e , a n d the display is d i f f i c u l t there are bugs w h i c h these t w o cassettes from
s t a t e m e n t s are w r i t t e n in REM
in hi-resolution graphics yvithout m o v e a r o u n d t h e program steal- U n i c o m . Firstly, Bears, w h i c h
lines and a simple G O S U B 0
the need for any a d d i t i o n a l hard- ing letters, but w h i c h y o u c a n resembles a maze t y p e arcade
causes the interpreter t o exe-
ware. d e s t r o y using " d a t a k i l l " , (but g a m e . Your task is t o assist the
c u t e all the n e w s t a t e m e n t s in
The hi-res graphics give a M i c r o m o u s e c a n n o t carry b o t h last remaining grizzly t o get as
the next REM line.
screen display w h i c h is more letters a n d data-kill). If more m a n y of her c u b s as possible,
The REM lines can c o n t a i n a n
e f f e c t i v e t h a n can be a c h i e v e d t h a n a c e r t a i n percentage of the a n d provisions (in the f o r m of
u n l i m i t e d number of e x t e n d e d
using the graphics characters in p r o g r a m ' s letters are s t o l e n , honey), t o s a f e t y in a cave. A s
Basic s t a t e m e n t s , separated by
the Z X 8 1 ROM, and the there is a s y s t e m crash a n d y o u the bear m o v e s t h r o u g h the
the usual " : " , together w i t h the
machine code programming h a v e t o s t a r t a g a i n — this f o r e s t collecting honey the c u b s
n e c e s s a r y v a r i a b l e s . Indeed,
enables a fast responsive g a m e . usually h a p p e n e d to m e . It is not occasionally b e c o m e lost and
e x t e n d e d Basic REM lines look
High resolution p r o g r a m m i n g is an easy g a m e , but perseverence have t o be rescued before hun-
identical to multi-statement
b e c o m i n g quite c o m m o n n o w c a n lead t o a long g a m e a n d a ters, w h o r o a m the f o r e s t , reach
lines in c o n v e n t i o n a l Basic.
and c a n be used to particularly high score. them.
The program is pretty w e l l
g o o d e f f e c t in a r c a d e t y p e M i c r o m o u s e is a first-class Instructions can be called up
crash p^oof, any errors in the
g a m e s , it is certainly b r e a t h i n g high-resolution arcade g a m e . at the start of the g a m e , w h i c h
e x t e n d e d Basic s t a t e m e n t s are
n e w life into m a n y a t r u s t y at first sight does seem c o m -
clearly identified b y c o m p r e h e n -
Z X 8 1 . Indeed one w o n d e r s M C Lothlorian is at 56A Park plicated until y o u start t o see it
sive error c o d e s . The only pro-
w h e t h e r the limit of the m a c h i n e Lane, Poynton, Stockport, as a maze t y p e g a m e — the trees
b l e m 1 had w a s r e m e m b e r i n g t o
potential has been reached, or Cheshire SKI2 1 RE being the maze w a l l s , hunters
get back to single k e y s t r o k e s
being g h o s t s , a n d so on. Care
after spelling out e x t e n d e d Basic
needs t o be taken not t o get the
s t a t e m e n t REM lines.
bear trapped at the edge of the
The e x t e n d e d Basic graphic
forest b e t w e e n her c u b s and the
f u n c t i o n s ( D R A W , FILL, etc) are
trees. A c t i o n is reasonable at the
i m p r e s s i v e l y d e m o n s t r a t e d in
faster s e t t i n g s .
t w o d e m o p r o g r a m s included in
The g a m e has s o m e nice the c a s s e t t e . T h e e x t e n d e d IN
t o u c h e s , the player can define and OUT statements offerexcit
his^ier o w n m o v e m e n t keys, ing possibilities. It s h o u l d be
the skill level c a n be altered t o possible t o a c c e s s any h a r d w a r e
a n y one of six levels, and there is directly a n d very q u i c k l y , (eg
a hall of f a m e to record the best disks, s o u n d generator, joy-
score. sticks, measuring equipment,
T h e s e c o n d release f r o m etc.).
Unicorn is Climber. A l s o simitar Mr Beniest's English is far
in s o m e respects to a maze superior t o m y D u t c h , a n d he
g a m e , but perhaps better des- m u s t be f o r g i v e n f o r lapses in
cribed as a c o m p u t e r version of g r a m m a r in t h e i n s t r u c t i o n
snakes a n d ladders. " P l a s m a sheets that a c c o m p a n y the pro-
bolts" and "guardian droids" g r a m . W i t h a little t h o u g h t they
are out to get y o u rather t h a n can be deciphered.
snakes, a n d there are p o w e r Extended Basic is a first class
b a t o n s t o collect as y o u c l i m b t o p r o g r a m a n d excellent value. It
the t o p . Like Bears there is an c o u l d very w e l l b e c o m e the
o p t i o n f o r c o n t r o l key redefini- regulation programming
tion, a n d speed and d i f f i c u l t y e n h a n c e m e n t f o r the Z X 8 1 .
c a n be set t o a n y of nine levels.
Both Bears a n d Climber are
reasonably g o o d g a m e s .
Extended Basic costs €4.00
Unicorn Micro Systems is at from F J G Beniest, Lin-
3 12 Charminster Road, naeusstraat 16, Den Haag,
Bournemouth Holland

ZX COMPUTING 91
 SOFTWARE REVIEW!

Racehorse Trainer trainers, s o y o u need t o keep a r o p e y , d i d n ' t p e r f o r m w e l l in

c a r e f u l e y e on f o r m , a n d y o u c a n races even w i t h L Piggott in the
and Adventure sell y o u r o w n horses t o o . saddle, and o n one o c c a s i o n a
C Barker Disasters c a n s o m e t i m e s o c c u r . horse just died b e t w e e n races.
M y horses w e r e generally p r e t t y The race itself is d i s p l a y e d ,
Racehorse T r a i n e r is a v e r y g o o d the horses in the race m o v i n g
s i m u l a t i o n of a flat horse racing f r o m left t o right across the
season on the Z X 8 1 . T h e o b j e c t screen. Not a particularly in-
is t o train y o u r fine t h o r o u g h b r e d spired display, but e v e n the
racehorses t o success by enter- c h u n k y Z X 8 1 graphics can get
ing t h e m in races over a 2 0 w e e k the adrenalin f l o w i n g as y o u
period, a n d m a k e a profit in the shout your d o n k e y on.
process if y o u c a n . You c o m p e t e The p r o g r a m is m e n u d r i v e n
w i t h 1 5 o t h e r t o p trainers o w n - and w o r k s very w e l l . A g a m e
ing a t o t a l of 3 5 horses. can last a long t i m e , one partially
Each horse is rated o n a num- c o m p l e t e d can be s a v e d a n d
ber of f a c t o r s ; breeding, opti- c o n t i n u e d later.
m u m race d i s t a n c e , s t a m i n a , R a c e h o r s e T r a i n e r is a
fitness e t c , and a f t e r a race t h o r o u g h l y enjoyable s i m u l a t i o n
t h e s e a t t r i b u t e s are u p d a t e d and excellent value for m o n e y .
a c c o r d i n g t o race p e r f o r m a n c e . T h e s e c o n d c a s s e t t e con-
You c a n list a horse's rating at tains three g o o d quality adven-
any t i m e , a n d it is a c o m p l e x tures. The Challenge and
m a t t e r deciding o n the horse H a u n t e d H o u s e use b o t h
m o s t likely t o d o w e l l in each graphics a n d t e x t . In Search of
e v e n t . There are other c o m p l i c a - t h e Black S t a f f is a t e x t only
tions t o o . For e x a m p l e , cost a d v e n t u r e . All three are absorb-
m u s t be b o r n e in m i n d . Y o u start ing w i t h plenty of objects and
w i t h £ 2 5 , 0 0 0 but w e e k l y ex- locations in the tradition of role
penses f o r s t a b l i n g , f o o d , v e t s playing computer adventures.
fees and s o on, c a n be o n o r o u s , Again excellent value for
a n d y o u have t o pay race f e e s , money.
j o c k e y s expenses e t c .
The b e t t e r t h e j o c k e y y o u hire Racehorse Trainer costs £2.60
for a race the better y o u r and Adventure costs €3.20
chances, but the m o r e he w i l l from Gavin Barker, 12 Fleming
cost y o u . Horses are occasion- Field, Shotton Colliery, County
ally o f f e r e d f o r sale b y other Durham.

Campbell systems for spectrum 48k

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Readers
Reviews
Taking pen in handv you
tell us what the public
really think about the
goods on sale.
PYJAMARAMA by There is a p r o g r a m w h i c h I
w o u l d g o so far as t o say is a c o m p u t e r s w e r e s u p p o s e d to
MIKRO CEN m u s t f o r any g a m e s player and is speed t h i n g s up (more f o o l roe).
Richard Oakley a classic of it's t y p e . I have s o m e T h e maze isn't t o o d i f f i c u l t t o
of M i k r o Gen's earlier programs get t h r o u g h a n d a m a p can of it " T u d o r R o s e " l o g o in h i g h
I b o u g h t this one because I liked a n d t h e y w e r e p r e t t y ordinary — can be got each time y o u kill a resolution and a " w e l c o m e "
A u t o m a n i a w h i c h w a s the first t h e y really have i m p r o v e d their bat, but the g a m e d r a w s the m e s s a g e . You are t h e n asked t o
in the M i k r o Gen's series featur- s t a n d a r d s r e c e n t l y . I w i l l be m a p line by line a n d this takes t y p e in your n a m e a n d t h e cur-
ing t h e i r c h a r a c t e r " W a l l y looking out for f u r t h e r releases a b o u t 2 0 s e c o n d s . Once again, rent d a t e before the p r o g r a m
W e e k " a n d I t h o u g h t t h a t e v e n if from them. you're sitting d o w n , twiddling itself begins.
it w a s half as g o o d it w o u l d be y o u r t h u m b s . T h e graphics of " L o n g multiplication" offers
w o r t h the m o n e y . t h e maze are p r e t t y ordinary and the c h o i c e of t w o levels of dif
I w a s amazed t o f i n d that in- TRANSYLVANIAN at t i m e s , the w i n d o w s on the f i c u l t y , m u l t i p l y i n g either t w o
stead of being a quick and in- TOWER side w a l l are out of p e r s p e c t i v e , 2 - d i g i t n u m b e r s or t w o 3 - d i g i t
ferior c o p y of the first it w a s
even better, a n d the graphics
RICHARD SHEPHERD giving the program a very
a m a t e u r i s h l o o k . You only get
n u m b e r s . I n s t r u c t i o n s are
available if required a n d it is not a
are f a n t a s t i c ! SOFTWARE one life a n d so if y o u ' r e killed, g o o d idea t o skip these, unless
This p r o g r a m is one of the Dermot Reidy y o u have t o w a i t a n o t h e r t w o y o u have had previous ex-
wander a r o u n d a n d j u m p over, m i n u t e s before y o u can start prience w i t h the p r o g r a m , as
dodge, j u m p up and collect I a m glad I d i d n ' t buy this g a m e again. they s h o w y o u h o w t o enter
things v a r i e t y , but w h a t m a k e s but got a present of it. It w o u l d If y o u ' r e a person w i t h plenty your answers and, perhaps
it one of the best is the large have been a s h a m e t o w a s t e of t i m e t o be looking at blank m o r e i m p o r t a n t l y , h o w to " r u b
number of d e t a i l e d g r a p h i c s . g o o d m o n e y on it. A f t e r h a v i n g c o m p u t e r screens, this g a m e is o u t " errors!
The r o o m s are not s i m p l y areas played so m a n y g o o d a n d en- for y o u . T r a n s y l v a n i a n T o w e r A sample run is t h e n w o r k e d
w i t h p l a t f o r m s in but are fully joyable games o n my S p e c t r u m , also probably suits players w i t h t h r o u g h line by l i n e a n d y o u r f i r s t
furnished in great detail. this one w a s the w o r s t o f f e r i n g I a heart c o n d i t i o n a n d is liable t o q u e s t i o n appears. Y o u use the
There is a lot of h u m o u r in the have yet seen a n d m u s t be a be a g o o d w a y t o put the kids t o screen display in e x a c t l y the
game apart f r o m Wally's n e w l o w for S p e c t r u m s o f t - sleep at night. But if y o u ' r e a same w a y as a pencil a n d paper
gormless e x p r e s s i o n . Try the ware. space invader/Krazy Kong f a n , w h e n w o r k i n g o u t the a n s w e r ,
games for e x a m p l e , w h e r e y o u Y o u begin the g a m e by fin- stay w e l l a w a y f r o m this. entering each line of w o r k i n g ,
have t o fire knives and f o r k s at ding yourself in Count Kreepie's T r a n s y l v a n i a n T o w e r is pric- one n u m b e r at a t i m e , s t a r t i n g
descending c h i c k e n s in space in- castle. Y o u have t o f i n d y o u r e d at £ 6 . 5 0 and c o m e s f r o m f r o m the r i g h t h a n d side. If y o u
vaders s t y l e g a m e . w a y t h r o u g h five mazes, kill Richard Shepherd S o f t w a r e , m a k e a n error, pressing " R " w i l l
The plot is q u i t e s i m p l e . Y o u C o u n t K r e e p i e a n d f i n d his Elm H o u s e , 2 3 - 2 5 Elmshott erase the last n u m b e r printed.
are W a l l y ' s s l e e p w a l k i n g alter treasure t r o v e . A l o n g the w a y , Lane, C h i p p e n h a m , Slough, W h e n e a c h line is c o m p l e t e d ,
ego and y o u h a v e t o f i n d the y o u have t o kill m a n - e a t i n g , Berks, y o u press " E n t e r " a n d w h e n all
alarm clock a n d w i n d it up s o b l o o d - s u c k i n g bats. A c e r t a i n y o u r lines have been displayed,
that Wally w i l l w a k e up in t i m e
f o r w o r k . Various o b j e c t s w i l l try
a m o u n t of bats h a v e t o be killed
b e f o r e y o u can m o v e o n t o the
INTERMEDIATE the p r o g r a m p r o m p t s y o u t o add
t h e m all u p and enter the final
and prevent y o u , a n d all t h e t i m e next maze. Sounds interesting, MATHS 1 a n s w e r , again s t a r t i n g f r o m the
you are running o u t of " s n o o z e d o e s n ' t it? ROSE SOFTWARE right.
e n e r g y " w h i c h is represented
by a glass of milk. Collect s o m e
W h e n y o u first load the pro-
g r a m , there is no screen, a n d
Jim Lock The p r o g r a m t h o u g h t f u l l y in-
cludes a " H e l p " facility for
of the f o o d l y i n g a r o u n d t o t h u s y o u have no nice picture t o £4.95 those w h o are really stuck —
restore this e n e r g y . look a t . There is n o t h i n g w r o n g Intermediate M a t h s 1 by Rose pressing " H " enables y o u t o s e e
You can only carry t w o o b w i t h this a n d it does save t i m e S o f t w a r e consists of six pro- the w h o l e s u m w o r k e d o u t in im-
jects at a time a n d s o m e o b j e c t s w h e n y o u ' r e loading your pro- grams dealing with long m a c u l a t e f a s h i o n . It w i l l also d o
need to be c a r r y i n g a n o t h e r par- g r a m . T h e i n s t r u c t i o n s in the m u l t i p l i c a t i o n , long division a n d this if y o u a n s w e r e d i n c o r r e c t l y .
ticular object b e f o r e y o u can col- p r o g r a m are q u i t e g o o d . T h e n , f r a c t i o n s . The p r o g r a m p a c k a g e Your score so far, of correct
lect or use t h e m . the w o r s t h a p p e n s . Y o u have t o is a t t r a c t i v e l y cased w i t h an in- and incorrect a n s w e r s , is s h o w n
The keys are responsive a n d wait approximetly t w o minutes lay card w h i c h gives the poten- and the o p t i o n of c o n t i n u i n g
easy t o use a n d y o u c a n also before y o u m o v e into the first tial purchaser a clear d e s c r i p t i o n w i t h the p r o g r a m is o f f e r e d .
define y o u r o w n or use Sinclair maze. The program is of each p r o g r a m ' s c o n t e n t s . H a v i n g o p t e d , an a n i m a t e d
or K e m p s t o n j o y s t i c k o p t i o n . g e n e r a t i n g the maze during this The six programs are record- " r e w a r d s e q u e n c e " of a five-pin
The p r o g r a m uses 0 a n d P for time. After getting through a e d separately, three to e a c h side b o w l i n g alley is s h o w n . The
left/hght a n d M t o j u m p . M i k r o m a z e , y o u have t o w a i t a n o t h e r of the c a s s e t t e . Loading a pro- more correct a n s w e r s y o u have
Gen's fast load s y s t e m loads the t w o m i n u t e s b e f o r e y o u get o n t o ram also loads, line by line, a s c o r e d , t h e greater t h e n u m b e r ^
program w i t h o u t any p r o b l e m . the n e x t maze. A n d I t h o u g h t screen s h o w i n g the p r o d u c e r ' s of pins k n o c k e d d o w n . Five pins W'

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY,MARCH 1 9 8 5 93
 SOFTWARE REVIEWS
d o w n wins you a " s t r i k e " and a W i t h any of the six p r o g r a m s , Cup, A r t i e ' s latest release is really a fault of the p r o g r a m ,
congratulatory tune. o p t i n g not t o c o n t i n u e at any ideal. Called W o r l d Cup Football more a fault of the c o m p u t e r .
T h e s e c o n d p r o g r a m is s t a g e p r i n t s a c e r t i f i c a t e of it is for t h e 4 8 K S p e c t r u m and T h e screen scrolls left a n d right
" L o n g d i v i s i o n " and they are a c h i e v e m e n t on the screen, c o s t s £ 6 . 9 5 . Up to 9 people w i t h t h e play, the w h o l e field be-
not k i d d i n g — the w o r k e d e x a m - s h o w i n g y o u r y o u r n a m e , the c h o o s e f r o m a pool of 4 0 t e a m s i n g a b o u t t h r e e s c r e e n s in
ple is 8 1 1 2 3 4 ! A s w i t h the d a t e , p r o g r a m n a m e and your f r o m E n g l a n d or B r a z i l t o l e n g t h . A clock in the corner
previous p r o g r a m , a n s w e r s a n d percentage s c o r e . If y o u have Tasmania a n d the Phillipines. counts d o w n from 9 0 minutes.
w o r k i n g are e n t e r e d e x a c t l y as been f o o l i s h e n o u g h t o s h o w Worlcf Cup Football is the first Each m i n u t e lasts 4 -5 seconds,
y o u w o u l d w r i t e t h e m . T o save y o u r o f f s p r i n g or pupils h o w to of its kind for the S p e c t r u m . It is giving a total playing time of
y o u losing y o u r place in the s u m , use the printer, y o u run the risk unlike the strategy t y p e f o o t b a l l about 7 minutes.
a f t e r each phase of w o r k i n g is of f i n d i n g all y o u r e x p e n s i v e rolls g a m e s eg. " F o o t b a l l M a n a g e r " , T h r o u g h o u t t h e g a m e the
c o m p l e t e d , the p r o g r a m brings of paper t u r n e d into scholastic it is m o r e like an arcade g a m e , as c o m p u t e r plays d i f f e r e n t f o o t -
d o w n the n e x t n u m b e r for y o u . records!! y o u c o n t r o l the players. ball s o n g s , " Y o u ' l l Never W a l k
There is n o m e s s i n g a r o u n d w i t h T h e p r o g r a m s in " I n t e r - On selecting w o r l d c u p m o d e A l o n e " , " W e ' r e Forever Blow-
decimals a n s w e r s are g i v e n m e d i a t e M a t h s 1 " have been f r o m the initial m e n u , y o u are ing B u b b l e s " and, w h e n
as w h o l e n u m b e r s p l u s re- w e l l designed t o provide a real given a choice of the number of s o m e o n e s c o r e s , " N i c e One
mainder. challenge t o the user. It is a people t a k i n g part (1 - 9 ) a n d the C y r i l " . These c a n be t u r n e d off
The r e w a r d s e q u e n c e for this pleasure t o see s o f t w a r e w h i c h t e a m s each w i l l represent. T h e n t h a n k f u l l y . In the b a c k g r o u n d
p r o g r a m s h o w s a r o c k e t being s e t s it's sights higher t h a n the the first round begins. The the c r o w d in the s t a n d w a v e
launched at t h e m o o n , a n d y o u elementary "table-tester" and t e a m s run o n t o the p i t c h a n d their a r m s a n d at Half-time the
only need three c o r r e c t a n s w e r s " s i m p l e s u m " level. Careful at- t a k e up their positions t o the t e a m s change ends w h i l e A r t i e
to succeed. t e n t i o n t o p r o g r a m d e t a i l is t u n e of " M a t c h of the D a y " . a d v e r t s scroll along the t o p of
d e m o n s t r a t e d by the inclusion There are only six a side w h i c h the s t a n d .
The next t w o programs
of help a n d erase facilities, w h i l e a l t h o u g h u n r e a l i s t i c , is less T h r o w ons a n d goal kicks are
demonstrate, w i t h well worked
the o p t i o n of entering w o r k i n g is crowded. taken automatically and
e x a m p l e s , h o w t o use prime
an original and m o s t c o n c e p t . T h e g a m e s t a r t s w h e n player apparently aimlessly. There is
numers t o calculate the highest
T h e r e w a r d sequences all m a k e o n e ' s Centre F o r w a r d runs up t o also a practice m o d e for one or
c o m m o n fator and lowest com-
g o o d use of the S p e c t r u m ' s take t h e c e n t r e kick and the t w o players.
m o n multiple of a series of frac-
s o u n d and graphics capabilities w h i s t l e b l o w s . You c o n t r o l the In c o n c l u s i o n , the g a m e is a
tions. Both programs incor-
a n d are great f u n . player, o n y o u r side, nearest the little easy w h e n p l a y i n g t h e
p o r a t e t h e u s e f u l o p t i o n of
e n t e r i n g r o u g h w o r k i n g , in A t only £ 4 . 9 5 for over 1 0 0 K ball, w h o turns a d i f f e r e n t colour c o m p u t e r and e v e n easier w h e n
several stages if necessary. T h e of s o u n d l y based a n d w e l l pro- so he is easier to recognise. One p l a y i n g little sisters! H o w e v e r if
d u c e d p r o g r a m s , this c a s s e t t e p r o b l e m is t h a t y o u lose c o n t r o l you can find someone w i t h
usual " H e l p " facility is available
o f f e r s a l m o s t unbeatable value of t h a t player if another in y o u r s o m e e n t h u s i a s m to play
and if used, w i l l s h o w y o u all the
for m o n e y . I c a n n o t r e c o m m e n d t e a m gets closer. But, o n c e y o u against it w i l l be more e x c i t i n g .
prime n u m b e r c o m b i n a t i o n s a n d
it t o o highly . are used t o this, the t e a m s are There is more to it t h a n just
t h e n leave y o u to enter the
easy t o c o n t r o l using either the w i n n i n g the c u p . For e x a m p l e it
answer.
k e y b o a r d or a j o y s t i c k (Kemp- w o u l d be easy t o set u p a league
A s w i t h the first p r o g r a m ,
five correct a n s w e r s are r e w a r d - world Cup Football s t o n or Sinclair). w i t h a f e w friends using the
practice m o d e g a m e . If y o u are
The a n i m a t e d running a c t i o n
ed w i t h a c o m p l e t e s e q u e n c e of Artie Computing of the players is g o o d but unfor- not keen o n f o o t b a l l I w o u l d not
a n i m a t e d graphics and s o u n d ,
w h i l e less t h a n f i v e c o r r e c t
Colin Young t u n a t e l y there are problems w i t h r e c o m m e n d this g a m e but if y o u
the clashing of the colours if d o enjoy f o o t b a l l and it is raining
means c o r r e s p o n d i n g l y less of o u t s i d e , " W o r l d Cup F o o t b a l l "
For t h o s e of y o u w h o c a n n o t players overlap, leading t o a
the s e q u e n c e s h o w n . W i t h the is w e l l w o r t h the m o n e y .
w a i t t w o years for the W o r l d c o n f u s i n g m e s s . This is not
" f a c t o r " p r o g r a m , y o u get a
train crash (!), a n d w i t h the
" m u l t i p l e " p r o g r a m , a cater-
pillar reaching s o m e f o o d , g r o w -
ing f a t a n d t u r n i n g i n t o a butter-
fly.
The final t w o programs o n
the c a s s e t t e are " F r a c t i o n s 1 " ,
w h i c h t e s t s y o u r ability t o a d d
and subtract fractions, and
" F r a c t i o n s 2 " , w h i c h deals w i t h
their m u l t i p l i c a t i o n a n d division.
The i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r b o t h pro-
grams explain the terms
" n u m e r a t o r " and "denomina-
t o r " and r e m i n d y o u t o express
y o u r final a n s w e r in the l o w e s t
possible t e r m s . T h e d i v i s i o n s i g n
used in the i n s t r u c t i o n s looks
rather o d d , being m a d e up f r o m
the S p e c t r u m character set. In
the q u e s t i o n s t h e m s e l v e s h o w -
ever, a user d e f i n e d graphic is
used, w h i c h looks m u c h tidier!
T h e usual w o r k e d e x a m p l e s
are p r o v i d e d at the start of each
p r o g r a m , a n d the " e n t e r w o r k -
i n g " and " h e l p " facility are in-
cluded. T h e r e w a r d sequences
are, r e s p e c t i v e l y , a n archery tar-
get and m o v i n g a r r o w ( w h i c h
w a s obviously loosed b y Robin
H o o d ) , a n d a repeat of the b o w l -
ing alley seen p r e v i o u s l y .

94 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985

 SOFTWARE REVIEWS!
descends f r o m the t o p o n t o a
r a n d o m l y m o v i n g ship at the
b o t t o m , b u t y o u have t o get it
e x a c t l y right. Y o u are told h o w
m u c h loot y o u t o o k , and after
1 0 d o c k i n g s or misses, y o u are
t o l d y o u r t o t a l , and y o u m o v e o n
to the next game.
S p a c e f i r e l is w h e r e y o u con-
t r o l a n a r r o w on the left a n d try
t o s h o o t the r a n d o m l y m o v i n g
Z X 8 1 w i t h your laser, but y o u
c a n only fire w h e n it d o e s n ' t fire
at y o u .
G a m e 7 , Spacef ire 2 is e x a c t -
ly the same e x c e p t the Z X 8 1
m o v e s f r o m right t o left t o w a r d s
y o u e a c h go, a n d if y o u d o n ' t
s h o o t each other by then, it
returns t o t h e right a n d tries
again.
Car Crash is a s u b s t a n d a r d
car d r i v i n g p r o g r a m w h e r e y o u
h a v e t o c o n t r o l a n inverse V
t h r o u g h a c o n s t a n t w i d t h road
Stop the Express So the evil R e d m e n y o u m u s t
beware.
The 1K Games pack w i t h o u t h i t t i n g the edge or a V
Sinclair by ARTIC c o m i n g the o t h e r w a y . You can
S. Garner The t i m e it takes a s e c o n d t o Computing only see a f r a c t i o n of the road at
a t i m e . W h e n y o u c r a s h , it
tick'
Is h o w t o t i m e your j u m p s a n d
£6.00 m u l t i p l i e s t h e n u m b e r of
kicks. Brian Owen S C R O L L S it m a d e b y 1 0 0
m e t r e s and tells y o u h o w f a r y o u
This is my r e v i e w of " S t o p the
drove.
Express" H o w d o y o u kill the evil reds,
I hope I f i n i s h it before the press. Y o u m u s t kick t h e m o n their M a n - e a t i n g budgies is one of
heads. This cassette c o n s i s t s of 11 the f e w g a m e s w h e r e the w h o l e
You are an agent o n the ITA ' g a m e s ' , a l t h o u g h I use the t e r m screen is in p e r m a n e n t use. You
train. A f t e r y o u h a v e s t o p p e d the loosely. They c a n be s u m m a r i z - have t o crash into ' O ' s w i t h o u t
To get to the f r o n t is y o u r a i m . " I T A " train. ed by the w o r d ' r u b b i s h ' , b u t I crashing i n t o any of the w e i r d 3
Back toe b e g i n n i n g y o u go w i l l g o t h r o u g h t h e m one by one. c h a r a c t e r s h a p e s that are
Across the train y o u duck a n d again. The first g a m e . Slot M a c h i n e , n o t h i n g like budgies.
jump. is a crude representation of a In Maze, y o u have to m o v e in
To s t o p it get t o the very f r o n t . R e d m e n t h r o w n f r o m the train 1 p-a-go fruit m a c h i n e . You pay y o u r o w n t i m e t h r o u g h suc-
score p o i n t s . 1 p for it t o pick 3 n u m b e r s and cessive lines of r a n d o m blot-
Your e n e m y is t h e evil r e d m a n . But t o d o this y o u need double display t h e m in the w i n d o w s of c h e s / s p a c e s , u n t i l y o u have
If their daggers hit y o u , y o u are a joints. the m a c h i n e , w h i c h d o e s n ' t ap- either hit a blob or gone t h r o u g h
dead m a n . pear until y o u press n e w l i n e t o 5 0 b l o c k s . Y o u can either m o v e
This g a m e is rather q u i c k a t i v e , insert the first 1 p. T h e handle h o r i z o n t a l l y , or m o v e d o w n
Only ten more carriages t o g o . T h a t s w h y I think its a d d i c t i v e . s t a y s s t a t i o n a r y as the n u m b e r s a n o t h e r line, or fall asleep.
W a t c h o u t , help, w h o a ! c h a n g e . You w i n by either get- Program 1 1 , Wall, is a primi-
The graphics and colour are ting 3 in a r o w , or b y the tive a t t e m p t at ' B r e a k - o u t ' .
Over the gaps y o u m u s t d o really the flicks n u m b e r s a d d i n g u p t o 7 . It either Of the g a m e s , only one auto-
jumps. A n d the s o u n d of the train g o e s a n n o u n c e s y o u ' r e b u s t , or, if ran, at least t w o ran o u t of
If y o u w a n t t o c o m e u p t r u m p s . clickety click. y o u ' v e got a t o t a l of 2 5 p y o u m e m o r y , and t h e y all had trou-
w i l l have bust the bank. This is ble listing. Games 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 and
Against the r e d m a n , take my T h i s g a m e is p r o d u c e d b y printed a b o u t 1 0 t i m e s a n d t h e n 7 w e r e all m a d e w o r s e by the
word. Sinclair, the m a c h i n e runs out of f a c t that there w a s a CLS state-
It h e l p s t o u s e t h e g r e a t A t a place far a w a y , I k n o w not memory. m e n t in the main loop. H o w
Snakebird. where. Game 2 A r t , is a familiar pro- crude!! There w e r e however
g r a m w h e r e y o u plot a picture by t w o g o o d things t o be said f o r all
You t h r o w this bird across the The K i s O K a t 4 8 K m o v i n g either a PLOTting or of the p r o g r a m s : firstly, t h e y all
train. A n d it came out just after M a y . U N P L O T t i n g cursor a r o u n d . I loaded o k , and s e c o n d l y , they all
To kill the reds in y o u r d o m a i n . h a d n ' t got far w i t h mine, w h e n it used the cursor keys — my
The price is a mere £ 5 .9 5 , ran o u t of m e m o r y . favourite.
W i t h one s w i f t t h r o w it c h o p s A n d t o get it all y o u need d o is I d o n ' t k n o w a b o u t the £ 6
off their f e e t . Game 3 , Slalom, is w h e r e
drive. charged for this package; it's
y o u have t o m o v e a small repre- hardly w o r t h sixpence and it
They fall o n the track just like
s e n t a t i o n of s o m e t h i n g t h r o u g h w o u l d n ' t c o m e as a surprise t o
mincement. To y o u r local c o m p u t e r store,
a gate, represented by t w o o ' s me t o learn that this has been
Usually o n t h e s e c o n d floor.
Running f r o m a n evil Redman, and as m a n y t i m e s as y o u c a n . It w i t h d r a w n f r o m sale to prevent
A passing s t a n c h i o n hits m y does k n o w n w h e n y o u ' v e crash- t o o m u c h long t e r m d a m a g e to
I ' m sure t h e y w i l l have it in no
headman. ed, h o w e v e r . ARTIC c o m p u t i n g . It is a c o m -
t i m e at all.
So it can drive y o u all up the C a t c h m e if y o u c a n is a g a m e plete m y s t e r y t o me h o w this
After ten carriages have rolled wall. w h e r e y o u have t o guide an ' X ' f o u n d its w a y o n t o the shelves.
by. o n t o a randomly moving ' 0 ' that Surely ARTIC w o u l d have
Into the train y o u m u s t c o m p l y . Thank y o u for reading m y silly d o e s n ' t k n o w w h e r e it is. k n o w n t h a t n o t h i n g of any
verse, S p a c e Pirate, g a m e 5 , is s u b s t a n c e w o u l d be possible t o
No help f r o m the snakebird is F r o m G a r n e r , S t e p h e n of w h e r e y o u have t o guide a w r i t e w i t h i n 1 K of Z X 8 1
given here. course. 3-character 'ship' which BASIC!!!

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 95
 isliVlCTS February 198 S

The magazine fortiiose who take their computer and video games seriously

VIC, Spectrum,
BBC and Amstrad

Doomdark's,
Revenge
 HARDWARE REVIEW

The Saga 1 Emperor w i t h base t o the b o t t o m half of

the k e y b o a r d case. It is then
b o l t e d in place, on m y instruc-

Keyboard
tions the act of bolting w a s not
m e n t i o n e d and I w a s uncertain if
this w a s c o r r e c t for quite a
w h i l e . A l s o y o u have t o t i g h t e n
the bolts just right as my over
t i g h t e n i n g resulted in the base
ending up shaped like a banana!
If s o m e plastic spacing tubes t o
fit over the l e n g t h of the bolts
had been supplied t h e n this pro-
b l e m w o u l d have been cheaply
a n d e f f e c t i v e l y eliminated.
A brief c o m m e n t t o the e f f e c t
that early models {mine is!) may
require " s l i g h t m o d i f i c a t i o n " to
the k e y b o a r d housing translates
t o " u s e a s a w t o c u t o f f a couple
of b i t s " . No real p r o b l e m , it took
m e three m i n u t e s .
The diagrams, photocopied
p h o t o g r a p h s , are n o t g o o d
e n o u g h a n d need t o be c o m m e r -
cially r e p r o d u c e d or presented
as d r a w i n g s , especially as y o u
need t o use t h e m t o position the
key legends. The k e y b o a r d rib-
b o n s , the one sent already had
t h e interface a t t a c h e d , but the
i n s t r u c t i o n s tell y o u t o a t t a c h it,
are p l u g g e d in and the t o p f i t t e d
a n d s c r e w e d in place.

in use
The unit actually stands o n the
original S p e c t r u m ' s base and is
about off the ground,
overlapping at the front and
sides. I t h o u g h t that this
o v e r h a n g m a y cause problems
but in practice none w e r e en-
c o u n t e r e d , only the most heavy
handed w o u l d cause it t o tip.
A s it uses the original base
the Sinclair Interface I w i l l fit
w i t h o u t any problem. The
m i c r o d r i v e lead is j u s t l o n g
e n o u g h t o allow it t o sit by the
side of the k e y b o a r d and it all
seems to f u n c t i o n property. The
Keyboards are n o w available in venient. quick tip here is t o CAREFULLY - only reservation I have is that
many shapes a n d sizes f o r the The extra keys have not just paint each one w i t h v a r n i s h us the k e y b o a r d m a y t h e n be tilted
Spectrum, each having their been a d d e d at r a n d o m in order t o ing a fine brush. This w i l l e x t e n d t o o far f o r w a r d f o r s o m e people.
o w n a d v a n t a g e s a n d disadvan- m a k e the k e y b o a r d look g o o d , their life greatly. A numeric k e y p a d is not in-
t a g e s , t h i s o n e has a n im- but have been carefully selected The keys are slightly s t e p p e d c l u d e d o n this k e y b o a r d , a n d if
pressive range of additional keys t o make using the c o m p u t e r as the board is tilted f o r w a r d s y o u enter a lot of data it may be
and a very elegant style. easier, and I m u s t admit that b u t s e e m a little c r a m p e d . The w o r t h bearing this in m i n d .
It is s o m e w h a t c o n f u s i n g at a f t e r m y initial t r e p i d a t i o n at not space bar is excellent and has
first as s o m e keys are not w h e r e f i n d i n g keys w h e r e I e x p e c t e d been balanced so that c a t c h i n g
they used t o be! The t o p r o w of t h e m , a n d a little t i m e using this
k e y b o a r d , it really does m a k e it
it o n the end does not cause it to Summary
keys are o f f s e t one position to tip, miss or stick as has been
the right, there are t w o k e y s ad- easier t o use! k n o w n to happen on some! A l t h o u g h the key f u n c t i o n s are
ded b e t w e e n the C A P S SHIFT For e x a m p l e , DELETE can not as w e l l designed as o n the
and the Z key o n the b o t t o m n o w be also accessed by t w o n e w Spectrum-)- the quality of
r o w , a dot key b e t w e e n M and keys next t o each other at the the keys is better and, as Sinclair
S Y M B O L SHIFT, an extra l o w e r left of the k e y b o a r d , in-
stead of s t r e t c h i n g (or using t w o
Installation Research are not m a k i n g the
k e y b o a r d available separately,
ENTER w h e r e the SPACE key
w a s and, m o s t i m p o r t a n t l y , a hands) the full l e n g t h of the nor- this is a n a t t r a c t i v e buy for the
full sized space bar u n d e r n e a t h mal b o a r d . Fitting the k e y b o a r d to your unit " n o r m a l " Spectrum owners.
the n o r m a l k e y s . D o t t e d a r o u n d T h e k e y s t h e m s e l v e s are m a y cause s o m e slight problems Overall a beautiful and w e l l
at s t r a t e g i c p o i n t s are e x t r a positive and respond nicely, the as the i n s t r u c t i o n s are not as p r o d u c e d piece of e q u i p m e n t
S y m b o l Shift k e y s , these are t o l e g e n d s are s u p p l i e d so I idiot proof as t h e y c o u l d be. The w h i c h w i l l enhance not only
make using the additional p r e s u m e they e x p e c t t h e m to t o p of the S p e c t r u m ' s case is your c o m p u t i n g but the look of
specific f u n c t i o n keys more con- w e a r out at s o m e t i m e , but a r e m o v e d and it is f i t t e d c o m p l e t e the m a c h i n e as w e l l .

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY'MARCH 1 9 8 5 97
 ZX ADVENTURE

Andy Turner, recovering from his Martian Affair,

now finds himself Stranded in Hull
Oh dear, I s e e m t o have misplac- 2 X 8 1 and, w i t h only minor BACK TO EARTH.
ed m y m a t t e r t r a n s p o r t e r , h o w c h a n g e s , the S p e c t r u m .
careless c a n y o u g e t . In case a n y t h i n g goes w r o n g
THE YEAR IS 2020
Never m i n d , all I ' v e got t o d o h e r e is a l i s t o f t h e m a j o r AND I SHOULDTHINK THAT IF YOU AR
is look a r o u n d this planet, Thear, variables t o help t r a c k it d o w n . E LUCKY YOU MIGHT GET HOME IN A
until I f i n d it!
Of c o u r s e , n o b o d y c o u l d
CENTURY OR THREE.
e v e n imagine t h e t h i n g s y o u w i l l VARIABLES ALL THAT IS LEFT
encounter; hungry meteorite IS FOR'ME TOWISH YOU THE WORST P
craters and intelligent FOOD - f o o d left
m u s h r o o m s are t w o of t h e more LIFE - lives left
OSSIBLE LUCKAND GOODBYE.
credible! W — water P.S. YOU HAVE THR
T o give y o u s o m e sort of a G - gold EE LIVES TO BEGIN W I T H . - B Y E —
c h a n c e y o u have three lives and D — M u t a n t dissolver
t e n f o o d units t o start w i t h — left
203 RETURN
y o u ' r e g o i n g t o need t h e m ! WD — magic w a n d 300 GOSUB 875
Finally this is t h e m o s t user SS — Spam 301 PRINT AT 0,0; YOU HAVE BEAT
UNfriendly g a m e I've m e t , as sandwiches
Andy says; " I f the Mutants RH — Red Herrings EN THE ADVENTURE I HATE PEOPLE
d o n ' t get y o u t h e n the bad jokes SCORE - score LIKE YOU YOU MAKE ME S
w i l l ! " So take y o u r t i m e a n d X£fY — position c o o r d s . ICK.
t y p e this masterpiece i n t o y o u r Q$,K,N, — gen purpose
m a c h i n e , it s h o u l d w o r k o n b o t h variables. BUT I BET YOU
CANT DO IT AGAIN."
302 LET SCORE=SCORE+10000
10 GOSUB 200 303 PRINT
20 LET X=5 304 PRINT "YOUR SCORE WAS ";SCO
25 LET Y=5 RE
30 LET FOOD=10 305 GOTO 450
35 LET D=0 390 PRINT "YOU HAVE EATEN SO MU
40 LET LIFE=3 CH THAT YOU HAVE JUST BURST,HA H
45 LET W=0 A HA SERVES YOU RIGHT FOR
50 LET G=0 BEING SO GREEDY."
60 LET SS=0 391 LET FOOD=10
65 LET RH=0 395 PRINT "YOU HAVE GOT FAR TOO
67 LET WD=0 MANY LIVES,THIS WILL JUST HAVE
70 LET SCORE=0 TO STOP SO ILL JUST KILL YOU AN
72 PRINT "***- D TAKE AWAY ALL YOUR LIVES."
TINUE ***" 396 GOTO 400
75 INPUT Q$ 397 PRINT "YOU HAVE JUST RUN OU
76 CLS T OF FOOD AND HAVE THEREFORE S
77 GOTO 900 TARVED HA HA"
200 PRINT "IZXXXXXZXXXXXXXXZZXZl 398 GOTO 400
s m i m a 1111 — • — • • 400 IF FOOD<10 THEN LET FOOD=10
I N 5 T R U C I I 0 402 GOSUB 875
403 PRINT AT 0,0;"YOU ARE NOW D
EAD YOU STUPID LITTLE SPACE
£ Si ili MAN. IT SERVES YOU
202 PRINT YOU ARE A LITTLE RIGHT."
LOST SPACE MAN,YOU ARE ST 404 IF LIFE=0 THEN PRINT " YO
RANDED ON A DESOLATE PLANET. U HAVE NO LIVES LEFT HA HA SO
TO ESCAPE ALL YOU YOU WILL STAY DEAD FOR THE REST
HAVE TO DO IS FIND THE MATTER T OF YOUR LIFE. YO
RANSPORTER WHICH WILL SEND YOU UR SCORE WAS ";SCORE

98 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARYyMARa
 405 IF LIFE=0 THEN GOTO 450
406 PRINT "DO YOU WANT TO BE RE
INCARNATED Y/N?"
407 INPUT G$
408 IF B$="N" THEN GOTO 475

fs
40? PRINT
m p, 410 PRINT "WAIT FOR A MOMENT WH
ILE I PASS THE HIGH VOLTAGE ELE
CTRIC CURRENT THROUGH YOUR
EARS."
411 FOR N=1 TO 200
412 NEXT N
413 FAST
414 FOR N=0 TO 21
415 PRINT AT N,0; "|

416 NEXT N
417 FOR N=1 TO 100
418 FAST
419 FOR Q=1 TO 5
420 SLOW
421 NEXT N
422 CLS
423 PRINT AT 0,0;"I BET THAT BR
OUGHT TEARS TO YOUR EYES,
YOU MAY NOW C
ARRY ON YOUR SEARCHWHERE YOU LEF
i- J OFF. "
424 LET•LIFE=LIFE-1
W f c <rfJ 425 GOTO 870
450 PRINT
452 PRINT
453 PRINT "DO YOU WANT TO START
ANOTHER ADVENTURE Y/N?"
454 INPUT G$
456 PRINT "WAIT A MO."
457 FOR N=1 TO 100
458 NEXT N
459 CLS
460 CLEAR
461 RUN
475 PRINT "BYE BYE."
476 FOR N=1 TO 100
477 NEXT N
478 NEW
870 GOSUB 875
872 GOTO 900
875 PRINT AT 21,0;"*** NEWLIN
E TO CONTINUE ***"
876 INPUT
880 FOR N=1 TO 22
890 SCROLL
895 NEXT N
897 PRINT AT 0,0;
899 RETURN
9 0 2 PRINT "WHICH DIRECTION?
N,S,E OR W. "
905 INPUT
910 IF D$="N" THEN LET X=X-1 •

99
 ZX ADVENTURE
915 IF D$="S" THEN LET X=X+1 FOOD DO YOU :-1)EAT IT?
920 IF D$="E" THEN LET Y=Y+1 2)DIG A HOL
925 IF D$="W" THEN LET Y=Y-1 E AND BURY IT?
930 IF D$<>"N" AND D$<>"S" AND 3)IGNORE IT
D$<>"E" AND D$<>"W" THEN GOTO 90
5 2501 INPUT Q*
935 LET SCORE=SCORE+100 2502 IF Q$="l" THEN PRINT "YUM Y
936 IF FOOD>=30 THEN GOTO 390 UM. "
937 IF FOOD=0 THEN GOTO 397 2503 IF Q$<>"2" THEN RETURN
938 IF LIFE>=6 THEN GOTO 395 2504 PRINT "WHILE DIGGING THE HO
939 LET FOOD=FOOD—1 LE YOU FALL IN AND DIE OF STARVA
940 IF X=0 THEN LET X=9 TION HA HA YOU WONT TRY TO BE F
945 IF Y=0 THEN LET Y=9 UNNY ON THISPROGRAM AGAIN WILL Y
950 IF X=10 THEN LET X=1 OU. "
955 IF Y=10 THEN LET Y=1 2505 GOTO 400
960 GOSUB ((X*1000)+(Y*100)> 2600 GOTO 1300
970 GOTO 800 2700 PRINT "THERES A DESERT NEAR
1100 PRINT "TREAD CAREFULLY." AND A FOREST FAR FAR TO S.
1110 RETURN W. "
1200 GOTO 2100 2710 RETURN
1300 PRINT "ITS GETTING VERY HOT 2800 PRINT "YOU FIND A NOTE SAY I
AROUND HERE" NG 8 W. 5 S. "
1310 RETURN 2810 RETURN
1400 GOTO 1500
1500 PRINT "YOUVE ENTERED A SCOR 2900 PRINT "I DARE YOU TO GO N. "
CHING HOT RADIOACTIVE DESERT
2910 RETURN
DO YOU:-1)TURN BACK?
2)TRY TO CRO 3100 PRINT "YOU HAVE FOUND A BAR
SS IT?" OF GOLD DO YOU :~1)EAT IT?
1501 INPUT Q$ 2)TAKE IT W
1502 IF "2" THEN GOTO 1510 ITH
?" YOU? 3)IGNORE IT
1503 PRINT "GOOD CHOICE." 3101 INPUT Q*
1504 RETURN 3102 GOTO <(VAL Q$*10)+3100)
1510 PRINT "IDIOT YOU HAVE JUST 3110 PRINT "BURP,THAT DIDNT DO M
BEEN FRIED HA HA -SIZZLE-" UCH FOR YOURINDIGESTION."
1511 GOTO 400 3111 LET FOOD=FOOD+1
1600 GOTO 1500 3112 RETURN
1700 GOTO 1300 3120 PRINT "WISE."
1800 PRINT "I DARE YOU TO GO E. " 3121 LET G=1
3122 RETURN
1810 RETURN 3130 PRINT "NOW WAS THAT WISE???
•t
1900 GOTO 7800
2100 PRINT "YOU HAVE JUST ENTERE 3131 RETURN
D AN AREA WHERE THE EARTHS CRU 3200 PRINT "THERES A DESERT TO T
ST IS VERY THIN-TREAD CAREFULLY HE N.E."
II 3210 RETURN
a
3300 GOTO 7800
2101 IF G=0 THEN RETURN 3400 PRINT "YOU HAVE COME ACROSS
2102 PRINT "OH DEAR THAT GOLD OF SOME RATHERUNFRIENDLY RADIOACTI
YOURS IS SOHEAVY THAT IT HAS CA VE ROCKS DO YOU s-1)PANIC?
USED YOU TO SINK THROUGH THE CRU 2)RUN LIKE
ST AND FALL INTO OBLIVION -BYEEE HELL?"
EEEEEEEEEEEE" 3401 IF W=1 THEN PRINT TAB 9;"3)
2103 GOTO 400 POUR WATER ON THEM?"
2200
2300 GOTO
PRINT 3100
"RICHES ARE AT HAND." 3402 INPUT Q$
3403 GOTO ((VAL Q$*10)+3400)
2310 RETURN 3410 PRINT "OH DEAR THE ROCKS GO
2400 GOTO 1300 T YOU,YOU HAVE BEEN FRIED HA H
2500 PRINT "YOU HAVE FOUND SOME A SIZZLE."

100 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 ZX ADVENTURE
3411 GOTO 400 4100 PRINT "THERES A FOREST TO T
3420 IF RND<.5 THEN GOTO 34 10 HE SOUTH."
3421 PRINT "YOU ARE LUCKY,YOUVE 4110 RETURN
ESCAPED." 4200 PRINT "FOOD IS CLOSE."
3422 RETURN 4210 RETURN
3430 PRINT "ARENT YOU CLEVER THE 4300 GOTO 2500
ROCKS HAVE DISSOLVED-YOU MAKE M 4400 GOTO 3500
E SICK." 4500 PRINT "YOU HAVE FOUND A MAG
3431 LET W=0 IC WAND DO YOU:-1)PICK IT UP
3432 RETURN ? 2)THROW IT A
3500 PRINT "THERES A HINT OF MAG WAY? 3)USE IT AS
IC IN THE AIR." A TOOTHPICK? 4)IGNORE IT?
M
3510 RETURN
3600 GOTO 6200 4501 INPUT Q$
3700 PRINT "YOU HAVE ON YOUR SEA 4502 GOTO ((VAL Q$*10>+4500)
RCH COME ACROSS A VERY INTELL 4510 PRINT "VERY WISE."
IGENT MUSHROOM...DO YOU : - 4511 LET WD=1
1)PLAY A GAME OF CHE 4512 RETURN
SS WITH IT? 2)ASK IT THE WAY? 4520 PRINT "IT DIDNT LIKE BEING
3)EAT IT? THROWN AWAY SO IT HAS THROWN YOU
4)PICK IT?" AWAY IN SOME OBSCURE DIRECTI
3705 INPUT ON HA HA."
3710 GOTO ((VAL Q$*10>+3710) 4521 LET X=INT (RND*9)+1
3720 PRINT "THE MUSHROOM BEATS Y 4522 LET Y=INT (RND*9)+1
OU AND TURNSYOU TO STONE FOR BE 1 4523 RETURN
NG SUCH A BAD PLAYER-SERVES YO 4530 PRINT "WHILE USING IT AS A
U RIGHT FOR BEING A CLEVER DICK. TOOTHPICK YOU SWALLOWED IT AND
ii DIED HA HA STOP TRYING TO BE A
3725 GOTO 400 CLEVER DICK."
3730 LET K=RND 4531 GOTO 400
3731 IF K >=. 5 THEN PRINT "MUSHRO 4540 PRINT "WISE."
OMS ANSWER : - GO 4 T 4541 RETURN
IMES SOUTH AND TW 4600 GOTO 5300
0 TIMES EAST YOU MA 4700 PRINT "SOMETHING INTELLIGEN
Y BE LUCKY OR A M T LIES TO THE N."
UTANTS FEAST." 4710 RETURN
3732 IF K<.5 THEN PRINT "MUSHROO 4800 GOTO 6200
MS ANSWER : - GO 2 TI 4900 GOTO 7800
MES EAST AND 5 T 5100 PRINT "YOU ARE GETTING CLOS
IMES NORTH AND YOU ER TO A FOREST."
LL FIND THE TRANSPORTER AT LEAS 5110 RETURN
T I THINK YOU OUGHTA." 5200 PRINT "WATERS NEAR."
3733 RETURN 5210 RETURN
3740 LET K=RND 5300 PRINT "YOUVE FOUND A BOTTLE
3741 IF K>=.75 THEN PRINT "HARD OF WATER DO YOU :-l)DRINK IT?
LUCK THE MUSHROOM IS POISO 2)CARRY IT
NOUS AND YOUR DEAD." WITH YOU? 3)IGNORE IT
3742 IF K>=.75 THEN GOTO 400 ?"

3744 PRINT "TASTY WAS IT?" 5301 INPUT

3745 LET FOOD=FOOD+2 5302 IF Q*="3" THEN RETURN
3746 RETURN 5303 IF Q$="2" THEN GOTO 5310
3750 PRINT "YOUVE KILLED IT MURD 5304 PRINT "SLURP GUZZLE"
ERER." 5305 LET F00D=F00D+2
3751 RETURN 5306 RETURN
3S00 GOTO 7800 5310 LET W=1
3900 PRINT "YOU FIND A NOTE SAYI 5311 RETURN
NG EAST? OR WEST? 5400 PRINT "YOU SEE A CRASHED SP
NO SOUTH IS BEST." ACE SHIP ANDFOOTPRINTS LEADING S
3910 RETURN

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1 9 8 b 101

 ZX ADVENTURE
5410 RETURN 6821 PRINT "I HOPE YOURE VERY HA
5500 PRINT "YOU HAVE RETURNED TO PPY TOGETHER"
THE START YOU IDIOT,I THOUGHT 6822 RETURN
I TOLD YOU TO FIND THE MATTER T 6830 PRINT "WELL DONE THEYRE VIC
RANSPORTER." IOUS THESE SPAM SANDWICHES."
6831 RETURN
5510 RETURN 6840 PRINT "YOU SHOULD HAVE RAN
5600 GOTO 7800 AWAY COS ITSJUST TURNED NASTY AN
5700 GOTO 2500 D HAS EATEN YOU -GULP."
5800 PRINT "YOU HAVE FOUND A FIS 6841 GOTO 400
H, A SMELLY RED HERRING 6900 PRINT "YOU HAVE FOUND THE E
TO BE EXACTDO YOU :-l)EAT IT? VIL VIDEO GAMES WIZARD WHO IS
2)TAKE IT W ABOUT TO TURN YOU INTO A SPAM
ITH YOU? 3)PUT YOUR SANDWICH COS HES HUNGRY,
OXYGEN MASK ON AND RU DO YOU :-1)CRY?
N?" 2)PRAY?
5801 INPUT Q* 3)OFFER HIM
5802 GOTO ( <VAL Q$*10)+5800> A SPAM SANDWICH?
•I
5810 PRINT "RATHER YOU THAN ME."
6901 IF WD=1 THEN PRINT TAB 9;"4
5811 LET FOOD=FOOD+l )USE YOUR MAGIC WAND
5812 RETURN ON HIM?"
5820 PRINT "PHEW WHAT A STINK." 6902 INPUT Q$
5821 LET RH=1 6903 GOTO ((VAL Q$*10)+6900>
5831 RETURN 6920 PRINT "THERE IS A LITTLE PU
5900 GOTO 6800 FF OF GREEN SMOKE AND YOUR A SPA
6100 PRINT "THERE IS A FOREST JU M SANDWICH MUNCH MUNCH GULP,WER
ST SOUTH." E. "
6200 PRINT "YOU HAVE JUST FOUND 6921 GOTO 400
A BOTTLE OF REINCARNATING OIL,SO 6930 IF SS=0 THEN GOTO 6935
YOUVE JUST GAINED ANOTHER LIFE. 6931 LET SS=0
DAMN." 6932 PRINT "HES TAKEN YOUR WHOLE
6201 LET LIFE=LIFE+1 SUPPLY OF SPAM SANDWICHES,BUT
6202 RETURN HAS LET YOU GO."
6300 PRINT "YOU ARE VERY CLOSE T 6933 RETURN
0 A FOREST." 6935 PRINT "HE WAS GOING TO TAKE
6310 RETURN YOUR SANDWICHES,BUT YOU H
6400 PRINT "YOU SEE A LINE OF FO AVENT GOT ANY AW WHAT A SHAME.
H
OTPRINTS COMING FROM N. AND T
URNING TO GOO." 6936 GOTO 6920
6410 RETURN 6940 PRINT "THE WIZARD DISAPPEAR
6500 PRINT "YOU SEE A SKELETON I S IN A PUFF OF GREEN SMOKE LEAVI
N A SPACE SUIT." NG BEHIND A SPAM SANDWICH."
6510 RETURN 6941 GOSUB 875
6600 GOTO 4800 6943 GOTO 6800
6700 GOTO 3400 7100 PRINT "YOU ARE IN A DARK DA
6800 PRINT "YOU HAVE FOUND A SPA MP ALIEN FOREST-DO YOU EAT TH
M SANDWICH DO YOU :-l)EAT IT? E FRUIT OF THE TREES Y/N?"
2)TAKE IT W 7101 INPUT Q$
ITH YOU? 3)RUN AWAY 7102 IF Q*="N" THEN GOTO 7120
IN CASE IT EATS YOU? 7103 IF RND<.45 THEN GOTO 7115
4)IGNORE IT 7104 PRINT "YUM YUM"
?" 7105 LET FOOD—F00D+2
6801 INPUT Q$ 7106 GOTO 7120
6802 GOTO ((VAL Q$*10>+6800) 7115 PRINT "IDIOT THIS FRUIT IS
6810 PRINT "YUK." POISONOUS."
6811 LET FOOD =F00D+2 7116 GOTO 400
6812 RETURN 7120 PRINT "ITS UP TO YOU."
6820 LET SS=SS+1 7121 IF RND>.2 THEN RETURN

102 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 ZX ADVENTURE
7122 PRINT " YOU CLUMSY FOOL YOU MAY USE IT TO PROTECT YOURSELF
HAVE JUST STEPPED ON THE ROOT WHEN YOU SEEA MUTANT."
OF A TREE MAKING IT VERY ANGRY 8201 LET D=D+3
,SO IT HAS EATEN YOU MUNCH MUNC 8202 RETURN
H GULP HA HA" 8300 GOTO 7100
7123 GOTO 400 8400 GOTO 8500
7300 GOTO 7100 8500 PRINT "YOU CAN SEE A FOREST
7400 GOTO 7800 TO THE WEST."
7500 GOTO 6300 8510 RETURN
7600 GOTO 3400 8600 PRINT "THERES FOOD NEAR."
7700 GOTO 5300 8601 RETURN
7800 PRINT "YOUVE STUMBLED ACROS 8700 GOTO 2500
S A RATHER LARGE HUMANOID-WHOOP 8800 PRINT "A TERRIBLE FISHY SME
S OH DEAR HES A MUTANT" LL FILLS THE AIR."
7801 IF D=0 THEN PRINT "AND A HU 8810 RETURN
NGRY MUTANT AT THAT HES JUST 8900 GOTO 5800
EATEN YOU HA HA — B Y E BY 9300 GOTO 7100
E-GULP SLURP." 9400 GOTO 8400
7802 IF D=1 THEN PRINT "YOU RAN 9500 PRINT "YOU HAVE JUST MET A
OUT OF SPRAY." RATHER UNFRIENDLY AND ALSO
7803 IF D=1 THEN LET D=0 VERY HUNGRY METEORITE CRATER WHO
7804 IF D=0 OR D=1 THEN GOTO 400 EITHER WANTS FOOD OR GOLD T
0 BUY SOME WITH,FROM THE VIDEO
7805 PRINT "BUT LUCKILY YOU HAVE GAMES WIZARDAFTER THIS ADVENTURE
SOME MUTANT DISSOLVING SPRAY AN DO YOU :—1)RUN?
D HAVE USED IT." 2)OFFER HIM
7806 LET D=D-1 GOLD? 3)OFFER HIM
7807 RETURN A SPAM SANDWICH?"
7900 PRINT "YOUVE FOUND THE MATT 9501 INPUT Q$
ER TRANSPORTER,BUT DART 9502 GOTO ((VAL Q$*10)+9500>
H VADER GOT HERE FIRST. 9510 PRINT "AW HOW UNFRIENDLY CA
HE HAS A LITTLE ROBO R YOU GET."
T DOG CALLEDREX WHO JUST HAPPENS 9511 RETURN
TO BE HUNGRY,AND HELL ONLY 9520 IF G-0 THEN GOTO 9525
EAT HERRINGS,RED ONES.AN 9521 PRINT "HES TAKEN ALL YOUR G
D DARTH WONTLET YOU USE THE TRAN OLD BUT HAS LET YOU GO."
NY WHILE REXIS HUNGRY." 9522 LET G=0
7901 IF RH=0 THEN GOTO 7920 9523 RETURN
7902 PRINT "DO YOU GIVE REX A RE 9525 PRINT "AW YOU HAVENT GOT AN
D HERRING? Y/N?" Y GOLD SO HES EATEN YOU BYE
7903 INPUT Q* BYE. "
7905 IF Q$="N" THEN GOTO 7910 9526 GOTO 400
7906 PRINT "THATS A GOOD BOY,DAR 9530 IF, SS=0 THEN GOTO 9535
TH HAS LET YOU USE THE TRANSPOR 9531 PRINT "YOUR LUCKY HE LIKES
TER,SO YOUVEESCAPED,—YOU MAKE ME SPAM... HES LET YOU GO."
SICK'" 9532 LET SS=SS-1
7907 GOTO 300 9533 RETURN
7911 PRINT "DARTH HATES GREEDY P 9535 PRINT "WHAT A SHAME HE PREF
EOPLE AND SOHE HAS KILLED YOU WI ERS TASTY LITTLE SPACE MEN LIK
TH HIS LIGHTSABER HA HA." E YOU SO HES EATEN YOU-GUL
7912 GOTO 400 P. "
7920 PRINT "AW WHAT A SHAME YOU 9536 GOTO 400
HAVENT GOT ANY HERRINGS,SO YOUL 9600 GOTO B800
L JUST HAVE TO GO AND GET ONE HA 9700 GOTO 5800
HA. " 9800 PRINT "A FRIENDLY TIME TRAV
7921 RETURN ELLER SUGGESTS YOU GO N.E.
II
8100 GOTO 7100
8200 PRINT "YOU HAVE FOUND A CAN 9810 RETURN
OF MUTANT DISSOLVING SPRAY,YOU 9900 GOTO 5100

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 198b 103

 PROGRAMMING TIPS

Getting a program typed in is often only the

start of your problems. Ed to the rescue.
T y p i n g in a p r o g r a m is a useful
exercise. Apart f r o m the pa-
tience required, techniques
learned and t h e e n d p r o g r a m t o
be u s e d , p r o b a b l y t h e m o s t
e d u c a t i o n a l part of it is t r a c k i n g
d o w n the b u g s i n t r o d u c e d by
yourself or occasionally b y our
publication system.
In d e b u g g i n g y o u g a i n a
m u c h deeper insight and
u n d e r s t a n d i n g o n h o w the pro-
g r a m actually w o r k s than by
merely t y p i n g 11 in, but t r a c k i n g
d o w n t h e s e errors is an art in
itself and needs s o m e skill. So
here are s o m e tips to help y o u in
your e f f o r t s w h e n faced w i t h
t h a t c r y p t i c error report!

1 NEXT w i t h o u t FOR
Look back t h r o u g h t h e p r o g r a m ,
either t h e loop has not been set
u p - no related FOR 'letter' =
N o 1 T O N o 2 line, or the letter
has been re-used as an ordinary
variable w i t h i n the loop w i t h a
LET ' l e t t e r ' - No.

2 Variable not f o u n d
This is one of the m o s t c o m m o n 3 Subscript w r o n g 7 RETURN w i t h o u t GOSUB this and it can happen o n an a u t o
errors. A g a i n , the p r o b l e m m a y C o n n e c t e d w i t h D I M A ( N o ) or S o m e h o w the c o m p u t e r has start p r o g r a m (saved w i t h a LINE
not lie in the line w h e r e the error D I M A $ ( N o | . If the number in the reached a RETURN c o m m a n d number). Good programming
w a s d e t e c t e d and reported. If b r a c k e t s o n the line w h e r e the other than via a G O S U B instruc- usually RESTORES to the cor
there is only one variable, w h i c h error is r e p o r t e d is greater t h a n tion. Check a G O T O h a s n ' t been rect line number before using
m a y be o n e or more letters or a the one in the original D I M state- entered in place of a GOSUB. READ.
string ($) variable, t h e n that is m e n t , is not an integer or is less Check for a missing G O S U B
t h e p r o b l e m . There m a y be m o r e t h a n 1, t h e n t h i s r e p o r t is I FOR w i t h o u t NEXT
t h a n one variable in the line sec generated. If the subscript See report 1 but this t i m e the
B Integer out of range
t i o n r e p o r t e d and y o u will have n u m b e r in b r a c k e t s - is a NEXT is missing 1
An integer (whole number)
t o identify the o f f e n d i n g one. In n u m b e r t h e n c h e c k and c h a n g e ,
either as a number of variable is
a line PRINT A T Y , X ; A $ the h o w e v e r , if it is a variable t h e n
t o o big or small and y o u are at
culprit c o u l d be Y or X or A $ . To f o l l o w the procedure for tracing N o t e that t h e letters I have used
t e m p t i n g to d o s o m e t h i n g like
f i n d out w h i c h of t h e m is caus- variables. It has probably ex for e x a m p l e s c o u l d by A N Y let
PRINT A T 0 , 3 3 not a l l o w e d !
ing the p r o b l e m (it m a y be more ceeded the limits, look for lines t e r s n o t just A $ , X , Y etc and de
Check any variables involved as
t h a n one) t y p e in t u r n as a direct w i t h the variable being altered pend o n the particular choice of
per report 2 and trace it back
command: with * * : if necessary add (he p r o g r a m m e r
t h r o u g h the p r o g r a m looking for
limiting c o d e . For e x a m p l e This is by n o m e a n s a c o m
a d j u s t m e n t s t o it by •+ *
PRINT Y E n t e r ; N e w l m e prehensive list but I h a v e tried t o
A d d limiting c o d e if needed -
PRINT X Enter,'Newline IF X > 1 0 T H E N LET X 10 cover m a n y of the m o s t c o m
see report 3
PRINT A $ E n t e r / N e w l i n e m o n error reporis. Personally, I
4 Out of m e m o r y g e l almost as m u c h s a t i s f a c t i o n
N o t e w h i c h p r o d u c e s the error A s w e l l as for p r o g r a m s w h i c h E Out of D A T A f r o m d e b u g g i n g as I d o f r o m pro
report. N o w look back t h r o u g h are t o o big, it m a y h a p p e n if the A S p e c t r u m problem. Check the g r a m m i n g I do assure you,
the p r o g r a m printout for the line p r e v i o u s p r o g r a m set R A M t o p . number of D A T A i t e m s m a t c h h o w e v e r , that there is absolute
w h i c h sets it u p - usually a LET Before despairing, enter CLEAR the number of READs; usually ly no t r u t h in the rumour that w e
or FOR c o m m a n d . Did y o u leave U S R " a " - 1 o n the S p e c t r u m : o n one (or more) has been missed deliberately inject bugs into our
it out? Does the p r o g r a m get the 2 X 8 1 S A V E the p r o g r a m , out A t t e m p t i n g t o reread a listings in order t o i n t r o d u c e you
there or has a G O T O / G O S U B t u r n the m a c h i n e off and on, D A T A list w i t h o u t first using a to t h e d u b i o u s d e l i g h t s of
been w r o n g l y addressed? t h e n reload the p r o g r a m . RESTORE c o m m a n d w i l l cause debugging!

104 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985

 HARDWARE

The Rotroriics
novelty of rapid access, s t o r i n g
and retrieving programs and
data, takes a long t i m e t o w e a r
off.

wafadrive
The Wafadrive operating
s y s t e m reserves about 2K of the
S p e c t r u m ' s m e m o r y for the t w o
drive directories, w h i c h hold all
the information about the
w a f e r s in the drives and the files
stored on t h e m . Also for
s y s t e m s v a r i a b l e s , s o m e of
Colin Christmas gets in the fast lane w h i c h c a n be usefully PEEKed
and POKEd and also for the
r e a d / w r i t e b u f f e r s used by the
s y s t e m t o hold sections of pro-
g r a m s as t h e y are read f r o m or
w r i t t e n t o the w a f e r s .

EXTENDED BASIC
The o p e r a t i n g s y s t e m also
provides t h e Extended BASIC
c o m m a n d s w h i c h give access t o
all the extra facilities of the
W a f a d r i v e . Separate interfaces
are not necessary w i t h this unit.
Rotronics have incorporated
b o t h the C e n t r o n i c s and R S 2 3 2
Interfaces and along w i t h the
familiar e x p a n s i o n bus, p o r t s for
these are located at the rear.
This m e a n s of course that the
S p e c t r u m c a n t h e n drive any
c o m p a t i b l e printer. But via the
R S 2 3 2 I n t e r f a c e t h o u g h in
many ways unsatisfactorily
s l o w , i n f o r m a t i o n can be receiv-
e d say f r o m m o d e m s or even
other c o m p u t e r s .
Finally, a User M a n u a l , a
blank w a f e r and a w o r d pro-
cessor w a f e r are supplied w i t h
the unit. For those of us w h o
c h o o s e t o spend a lot of t i m e
over a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d pro-
d u c i n g v a s t a m o u n t s of material
w h i c h t h e n has t o be docu-
m e n t e d and t h e n filed, this latter
is a useful facility w h i c h can be
used as s o o n as the W a f a d r i v e is
c o n n e c t e d u p after u n p a c k i n g .
r e c o g n i s e d the potential of t h e a w a y and stored for f u t u r e T h e r e again, w o r d processor
new hardware. reference. Here, the other facilities have a special appeal if
not f u n c t i o n for me in any case.
HARDWARE O n e of the n e w e s t is t h e
ROTRONICS W A F A D R I V E . It is
w a f e r s fulfill their m o s t useful
f u n c t i o n . L o c a t i o n of files o n the However, after using
an i m p r e s s i v e , neat and 6 4 K a n d 1 2 8 K w a f e r s or car- T A S W O R D for a l o n g t i m e , it is
businesslike unit w e i g h i n g s o m e tridges takes longer of course. m y opinion that it is hard t o beat.
When fast access storage 9 0 0 g and o c c u p y i n g a pride of Nevertheless w i t h a search T h e m a n u a l is easy t o use for
s y s t e m s for t h e S p e c t r u m w e r e place 2 3 0 m m x 1 1 Omm x speed of 1 5 inches per second, b o t h beginner and e x p e r t , y o u n g
first i n t r o d u c e d t o us o u t here in 8 0 m m behind t h e S p e c t r u m . It b o t h drives in the unit offer a and old alike. I liked its' f o r m a t
User C o u n t r y , e v e r y b o d y w h o is c o n n e c t e d t o t h e e x p a n s i o n m a x i m u m or ' w o r s t ' a c c e s s a n d s i z e , s o m e t h i n g like an
c o u l d a f f o r d it w e n t for a Drive, port by a s t u r d y ribbon cable. It t i m e of 4 5 seconds using t h e o f f i c e file or m a n u s c r i p t itself.
Disc or M i c r o — the m e m b e r s of uses t w o m a g n e t i c tape drives 128K wafer. M o r e of a M a n u a l t h a n an
t h e n e w elite w o u l d ask one i n c o r p o r a t e d in t h e unit a n d T h e infinite loop tape (one i n s t r u c t i o n b o o k . It c o n t a i n s
a n o t h e r . W h a t ' s it like? asked small c o m p a c t plastic cartridges s i x t e e n t h of a n inch wide) inside masses of i n f o r m a t i o n relating
the rest of us t a k i n g a knife t o or w a f e r s , 6 7 x 4 5 x 6 m m in each w a f e r is c o m p l e t e d by a t o the s t r a i g h f o r w a r d use of the
the piggy bank. size. These are available w i t h c o n d u c t i v e splice w h i c h can be unit but at t h e same t i m e o f f e r s
O n c e again it s e e m e d that three n o m i n a l capacities of 1 6 K , 'read' by t h e W a f a d r i v e S y s t e m t o s t r e t c h your k n o w l e d g e and
the S p e c t r u m w a s being raised 6 4 K and 1 2 8 K . w h e n the drives are operating. experience of b o t h the Spec-
t o n e w heights. T h o s e c a s s e t t e In practical t e r m s , the 16K LEDs are used t o indicate the t r u m a n d BASIC. Not t o m e n t i o n
recorders suddenly s e e m e d t o w a f e r is m o s t u s e f u l w h e n s t a t u s of e a c h drive a n d also a lot of useful and well express-
look q u a i n t a n d o u t d a t e d . speedy access to limited w h e n the p o w e r is o n in t h e unit. ed i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t h o w the
Serious m i c r o users w h e t h e r a m o u n t s of i n f o r m a t i o n , small The w a f e r s are not easily unit w o r k s .
p r o g r a m m e r s or like m y s e l f just p r o g r a m s , is required, Rather d a m a g e d , handle w e l l and can A n y o n e going for a Drive
users and c o n s u m e r s of soft- like a pad or n o t e b o o k , a ' t r y out have the i n f o r m a t i o n stored o n needs t o take this n e w c o m e r
w a r e and peripherals t h a t look area' before the finished data or t h e m p r o t e c t e d in t h e same w a y into a c c o u n t w h e n the day
as t h o u g h t h e y m e a n business. p r o g r a m needs t o be safely filed as n o r m a l c a s s e t t e s . T h e comes.

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1 9 8 5 105

 ZX81 CAME

A grasphically excellent
fruit machine simulation
from lan Driver who
gambles in Lancashire.
This is a p r o g r a m w h i c h uses reasonably accurate — I lost.
several subroutines t o amuse To give the complete
t h e player, t h e graphics have package t h e 'professional' look,
been used e f f e c t i v e l y t o pro- c u t o u t and use the cassette in-
duce full a n d v a r i e d s c r e e n sert provided.
displays.
P r o m p t s are given at each NB. All w o r d s t y p e d in bold ink
stage and playing is straightfor- are in inverse video, only enter
w a r d . G o o d l u c k , I f o u n d it t o be space w h e r e space is w r i t t e n .

Bandit cassette insert

QNV19N3 NL 30VIN

aaAiaa NVI xa a a a n a o H d « N3J.na/w

L8X2 >191
noting 1 CLS
2 PRINT

3 PRINT BE T
BRNDIT
4 PRINT

5 PRINT D E C ! 5 1 ON
WM
6 PRINT
1 1
7 PRINT HI N NING5
•
Play t h e b e / t 8 PRINT
1 1
Play t o win
9 PRINT
• •
10 PRINT
• •
11 PRINT
CO an = < Q. O c r n c
CD o O 3* CD ^ tIC O cn r • •
3
CD o
$ - 3 S! c a) =;• O 12 PRINT
—i ==5 3 3c -c3 V
CDCO Q .
CD o CD C D • •
i-+ ZJ CL _> r-f —
CD CD 13 PRINT
(/) CD o CD o ,-v CD
OJ — z r CD
• •
» £ CD 3" 3 C -O
II 5 ' -C*XD C CD 3 _ 3 3" 14 PRINT
CD "O a> -•CO o V5
O ft) 0} o' 3
CO 3
o V)
II OS w • •
3
c = c c/> c ^ <T> 3N 15 PRINT
z 3 Q. CD
o o T3 n c X CD
c -<
r-* 7T CL 9-
-< CO <£
00 c • •

1
CD CO
CO $
3 ' Cfl" 3 ' CD <*>C D CD 16 PRINT
•
Q. 3 —I CO
® ST
Cfl CD 3* •< CD 3" •
CO 0) {/>' *? M ? 0 ) Q Q) cu
17 PRINT

106 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985

 ZX81 GAME
I I 4 ; " £ " ; P ; " "
18 PRINT IZX81! O N E RRME 240 IF P<10000 THEN PRINT AT 5,
i,
P PRNtH I 14;"£";P;"
19 PRINT 241 IF P<100000 THEN PRINT AT 5
1 1 ,14;"£";P;"
20 PRINT 242 IF P<1000000 THEN PRINT AT
• 5,14;"£";P;"
w 21 PRINT it
243 IF P<10000000 THEN PRINT AT
1 1 5,14;"£";P;"
22 PRINT " • NO BETS ABOVE £ 244 IF P>=20000000 THEN GOTO 42
100000 50
23 LET A=7 250 GOTO 25
24 LET P=0 270 IF P<0 THEN GOTO 4050
25 PRINT AT 18,4;" *PLACE YO 271 IF P=0 THEN GOTO 4150
UR BETS* 272 IF P>0 THEN GOTO 4250
27 PRINT AT 1,9;" 349 GOTO 1000
30 INPUT M 350 IF W=1 THEN GOTO 401
34 IF M>100000 THEN GOTO 30 355 FOR N=1 TO 12
35 IF M=0 THEN GOTO 270 356 PRINT AT 3,15;"TOP WINNER"
40 PRINT AT 1,9;"£";M 357 PRINT AT 3,15;"
45 LET M=INT (M) 358 NEXT N
50 FOR N=1 TO 6 360 LET P=<<<30*M)+M)+P>
55 LET W=INT <RND*6>+1 370 GOTO 235
60 LET X=INT <RND*6)+1 401 FOR N=1 TO 6
65 LET Y=INT <RND*6>+1 402 PRINT AT 7,2;" - .
70 LET Z=INT (RND*6)+1 II

75 LET B=2 403 PRINT AT 8,2;" • _ V

80 GOSUB <W*100)+1000
85 LET B=9 404 PRINT AT 9,2;"
90 GOSUB (X*100)+1000 _ m i • •
95 LET B=16 405 PRINT AT 10,2;"
100 GOSUB (Y*100)+1000
105 LET B=23 406 PRINT AT 11,2;" I
110 GOSUB (Z*100)+1000 I * r m u m U
120 NEXT N 407 PRINT AT 12,2;" I
150 PAUSE 125 m u M M _

160 IF W=X OR Y=Z OR X=Y OR W=Z 408 PRINT AT 13,2;" I

OR W=Y OR X=Z THEN GOSUB 2500 I X - A " "
170 IF W=X AND X=Y AND Y=Z THEN 409 PRINT AT 14,2;"
GOTO 350 • m •
180 IF W=X AND X=Y AND Y<>Z THE 410 PRINT AT 7,2;" .
N GOTO 449
190 IF X=Y AND Y=Z AND W<>X THE 411 PRINT AT 8,2;" L • L
N GOTO 450 I L • L
200 IF W=X THEN GOTO 549 412 PRINT AT 9,2;" U ^ • U ^
210 IF Y=Z THEN GOTO 550 I U —I | U —1 "
215 FOR N—1 TO 12 413 PRINT AT 10,2;" C I • C I
217 PRINT AT 3,14;" • C I I C | "
H
414 PRINT AT 11,2;" K I • K I
220 PRINT AT 3,14;" YOU LOST • K | • K I "
ii
415 PRINT AT 12,2;" Y I • Y I
225 NEXT N • Y I • Y |
230 LET P=P-M
• * *•* * "
416 PRINT AT 13,2;" * * • * *
235 PRINT AT 5,14;"£";P
1
237 PRINT AT 3,14;" 417 PRINT AT 14,2;" "• •

238 IF P=0 THEN PRINT AT 5,14;" 418 NEXT N

£11 . p . II
420 LET P=(((100*M)+M)+P)
239 IF P<1000 THEN PRINT AT 5,1 422 GOTO 235

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 107

 ZX81 CAME
449 IF W=1 THEN GOTO 500 1550 RETURN
450 IF X=1 THEN GOTO 500 1800 PRINT AT A, B; " mmm " \ AT A+
451 FOR N=1 TO 12 1,B;" "; AT A+2,B;" / * ";A
452 PRINT AT 3,17;"BULLSEYt" T A+3,B;" L * ";AT A+4,B;" I
453 PRINT AT 3,17*" I " ; A T A + 5 » B ; " * V " ; A T A+6,B;"
454 NEXT N •• % "; AT A+7, B; " • •»
455 LET P=(((10*M>+M)+P> 1850 RETURN
460 GOTO 235 2500 PRINT AT 18, 4; "EBEESAGIinia^
500 FOR N=1 TO 12 NUDGE C H H E H 3 3 '
501 PRINT AT 3,16;"TREBLE 7" 2505 INPUT J*
502 PRINT AT 3 t 1 6 j " 2510 IF J*="A" THEN GOSUB 3000
503 NEXT N 2515 IF J*="B" THEN GOSUB 3050
504 LET P=<<<20*M)+M)+P) 2520 IF J S ^ C " THEN GOSUB 3100
505 GOTO 235 2525 IF J*="D" THEN GOSUB 3150
549 IF W=1 A N D W=X THEN GOTO 60 2530 RETURN
0 3000 LET B=2
550 IF Y=1 AND Y=Z THEN GOTO 60 3005 FOR N=1 TO 6
0 3010 LET W=INT (RND*6)+1
551 FOR N=1 TO 12 3020 GOSUB (100*W)+1000
552 PRINT AT 3,17; "WINNER" 3030 NEXT N
553 PRINT AT 3,17; n ii
3040 RETURN
554 NEXT N 3050 LET B=9
555 LET P=<((2*M)+M)+P> 3055 FOR N=1 TO 6
560 GOTO 235 3060 LET X=INT <RND*6)+1
600 FOR N=1 TO 12 3070 GOSUB <100*X)+1000
601 PRINT AT 3,16;"DOUBLE 7" 3080 NEXT N
602 PRINT AT 3,16;" 3090 RETURN
603 NEXT N 3100 LET B=16
604 LET P=<<<7*M)+M)+P) 3105 FOR N=1 TO 6
605 GOTO 235 3110 LET Y=INT <RND*6)+1
1100 PRINT AT A,B;" • .";AT A+ 3120 GOSUB <100*Y)+1000
M
1, B: " L | AT A+2,B;" U -"1 "|A 3130 NEXT N
T A+3,B;" C I "jAT A+4,B;" K I 3140 RETURN
";AT A+5,B;" Y I ";AT A+6,B;" 3150 LET B=23
* * ";AT A+7,B;" • •" 3155 FOR N=1 TO 6
1150 RETURN 3160 LET Z=INT <RND*6)+1
1200 PRINT AT A,B; " . . " ; AT A+ 3170 GOSUB (100*Z)+1000
u
l , B i H "; AT A+2,B; " W ";A 3180 NEXT N
T A+3,B; " T "; AT A+4,B;" J J 3190 RETURN
• " ; AT A+5, B; " H I " ; AT A+6,B;" 4000 SAVE "0"
W ";AT A+7,B|" • " 4001 GOTO 4005
1250 RETURN 4005 PRINT AT 6,5 *MONEY*MONEY*
1300 PRINT AT A,B;" ";AT A+ MONEY*MON"
1,5; " Iff* *; AT A + 2 , B; " J H L " ; A 4010 PRINT AT 7,5 "MP
T A+3,B; " • • AT A+4,B;" •E'
I"; AT A+5, B; " • • • * " ; AT A+6,B;" 4011 PRINT AT 8,5 oi r . n r .
— ";AT A+7,B;" IY"
1350 RETURN 4012 PRINT AT 9,5 ni n u v r
1400 PRINT AT A,B;" • .";AT A+ G A M B L E §»"
1,B;" ";AT A+2,B;" J f c " ; A 4013 PRINT AT 10,5;"El k a 1111
T A+3,B; " J B M b "; AT A+4,B;" W ON IT'
• "; AT A+5,B; " " ; AT A+6,B;" 4014 PRINT AT 11,5;"Y| • • • •
";AT A+7,B;" • •" a s m s io"
1450 RETURN 4015 PRINT AT 12,5;"*| U l l l l J
1500 PRINT AT A,B;" . ";AT A+ ZX81 IM"
1 , B ; " _ " ; A T A+2, B; " I _ I" ; A 4016 PRINT AT 13,5;"Ml I l l l l
T A+3,B; " l l . l l "; AT A+4,B;" | | - | IE"
I"; AT A+5,B; " "; AT A+6,B;" • 4017 PRINT AT 14,5;"0|
AT A+7,B;" - |Y"

108 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985

 ZX81 GAME
4018 PRINT AT 15 t 5; " N k ^ - 4097 PRINT AT 18,0;"
•T PRESS N/L TO
4019 PRINT AT 16,5;"EY*MONEY*MON 4098 PRINT AT 19,0;" — •
EY*MONEY*»" - GET EVEN
4020 PRINT AT 18,5; "I P R E S S N L 4099 PRINT AT 14,5;P;
T0 5 T RPT 4100 INPUT L$
4025 INPUT G* 4101 IF L$="" THEN GOTO 1
4030 IF G*<>"" THEN GOTO 4020 4102 IF L*<>"" THEN GOTO 4100
4035 IF G$="" THEN GOTO 1 4150 CLS
4050 CLS 4151 PRINT AT 5,5;" P I . I
4055 PRINT AT I I 1"
4152 PRINT AT 6,5;" I m . P I / l
4060 PRINT AT 1 ,0; | CHR$ 151 i n n i"
; " • • • • " ; CHR$ 1511 ;C 4153 PRINT AT 7,5;" I I M i l P. I
HR* 151; " ; CHR$ - i n i r
4154 PRINT AT 8,5;" I LIIILIM
4065 PRINT AT 2,0;"»";CHR$ 151;" J l l . « I"
M H M " ; C H R * 151; ;CHR* 4155 PRINT AT 9,5;" •
• "
151; ;CHR* 1 5 1 ; ' W 1
4156 PRINT AT 10,5;" I ONLY BREA
4070 PRINT AT 3,0;" K EVEN |"
4157 PRINT AT 11,5;" I
4075 PRINT AT 4,0; "•••' , ;CHR$ 15
i; " • • • • M " ; CHR* 151 i " m m m m m m 4158 PRINT AT 12,5;" I PPE55 NL
F 0 P r
•B1";CHR$ 151;"HBH"
4080 PRINT AT 5 , 0 ; " W ; C H R $ 151 4159 PRINT AT 13,5;" L F RE 5 H
GAME

4085 PRINT AT 6,0j"| 4160 INPUT ES

;CHR* 151; " H " ; CHR$ 151 ; "| 4165 IF E*<>"" THEN GOTO 4160
• • " ; C H R * 151; " M " ; CHR* 151; "I 4170 IF THEN GOTO 1
4250 CLS
4086 PRINT AT 7 , 0 ; " H B T RIP W 4251 PRINT AT 5,2;"I
;CHR* 151; " H i ^ W ; C H R * 151; "Hi I
•T'jCHR* 151; "HI" ; CHR$ 151 4252 PRINT AT 6,2;"I BANK OF 2X81
4087 PRINT AT 8,0; I"
H " ; C H R * 151;"| 4253 PRINT AT 7,2;"I
51; "•" ; CHR$ 151; "I I"
4088 PRINT AT 9,0; "| 4254 PRINT AT 8,2;"I
M H H " ; CHR* 151; "I I"
RS 151;"•" 4255 PRINT AT 9,2;"|PAY THE BEAR
4089 PRINT AT 10,0; ERi
I" ; CHR$ 151; 4256 PRINT AT 10,2;"|WHO HIS VER
Y LUCKY, BECAUSE |"
4090 PRINT AT 11 ,0; "| WHO 4257 PRINT AT 11,2;"I ANYMORE WO
• • • " ; C H R * 151; "| ULD BE TOO MUCH I"
4258 PRINT AT 12,2;"I FOR THE
4091 PRINT AT 12,0; "I NEVER BANK MANAGERS I"
4259 PRINT AT 13,2;"I NERVOUS S
4092 PRINT AT 13,0;"| PAYED YSTEM TO STAND I"
m m m m m m m m " ; c h r * i5i;"i 4260 PRINT AT 14,2;"I

4093 PRINT AT 14,0; "I 4265 PRINT AT 15,2;"I PPE55 ML

OR ME TO EVEN UP
4094 PRINT AT 15,0;"I 4270 PRINT AT 16,2;"L

4095 PRINT AT 16,0;" 4274 PRINT AT 9,18;"£"jP;

L 4275 INPUT Y*
4096 PRINT AT 17,0;" 4280 IF Y$< >"" THEN GOTO 4275
4285 IF Y*="" THEN GOTO 1

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 109

 HARDWARE NEWS

The Fuller phoenix

In the d i m , dark ages Fuller had their fingers b u r n t .
gained a g o o d r e p u t a t i o n as sup- S o N o r d i c K e y b o a r d s of
pliers of g o o d add on units, Merseyside took a big chance
s o u n d b o x e s , k e y b o a r d s e t c . for w h e n t h e y d e c i d e d to retain the
the Z X 8 1 . Fuller n a m e w h e n t h e y t o o k over
W i t h the p r o d u c t i o n of the the m a n u f a c t u r i n g a n d distribu-
S p e c t r u m they w e n t f o r a re- tion of the c o m p a n i e s p r o d u c t s .
d e s i g n e d u p m a r k e t replace- The FDS Executive is the up-
ment keyboard and from then on d a t e d version of the k e y b o a r d
t h e y never s e e m e d t o be out of a n d looks identical e x c e p t that
trouble. the board is c o n n e c t e d by a rib-
A f r i e n d of mine w a s a t t e m p - b o n cable t o the user port a n d
ting t o get one a n d the range of does not need the t o p of the
" r e a s o n s " f o r n o n delivery w a s S p e c t r u m to be r e m o v e d . The
varied indeed: T h e quality of the price is also slightly higher at
first b a t c h w a s not a c c e p t a b l e £59.95.
s o w e ' r e behind w i t h our orders. Personally t w i s h t h e m w e l l
There has been a delay at the a n d I look f o r w a r d to r e v i e w i n g • S t e p h e n A d a m s has several items of interest on the m a r k e t , the
f a c t o r y . W e ' v e redesigned it to this a n d other p r o d u c t s they pro- PZ1 tape controller for the Z X 8 1 S p e c t r u m w i l l c o n t r o l u p t o t w o
allow for the Interface I and d u c e , a l t h o u g h I can u n d e r s t a n d cassette decks via the r e m o t e s o c k e t ,
Microdrives, W e ' v e had a fire o n any reticence on the b u y e r s side A series of adaptors for using m a n y of the Z X 8 1 peripherals o n
the p r e m i s e s . . . t o purchase mail order, it is the S p e c t r u m are also available for a r o u n d £ 9 . 0 0 . Further informa
A great p i t y , a n d w h e n the w o r t h l o o k i n g at t h e m in your t i o n can be o b t a i n e d f r o m him at 1 L e s i w n Rd. London N1 6 7 N L .
inevitable liquidation of the c o m - local s t o r e .
pany h a p p e n e d a lot of people • From A G F c o m e s an invaluable a c c e s s o r y , a small e x t e n d e r
w h i c h plugs into the back of your Z X 8 1 or S p e c t r u m w i t h an iden

Opus option
tical port on the other e n d , this has the e f f e c t of m o v i n g the port
a b o u t half an inch out f r o m the c o m p u t e r .
This is perfect if y o u have a n o n s t a n d a r d k e y b o a r d f i t t e d a n d
w a n t t o use one of t h e tight f i t t i n g " l i p p e d " interfaces. It is also
useful if y o u are f r e q u e n t l y c h a n g i n g peripherals as it is cheaper t o
replace if the e x t e n d e r b e c o m e s w o r n t h a n the c o m p u t e r .
These simple but precious devices c o s t £ 1 .99 each a n d there
are three versions available, a Z X 8 1 , S p e c t r u m a n d an angled one
w h i c h is designed t o bring the Currah speech unit back over the t o p
of any other units so that the rather short leads f i t t e d to it reach the
s o c k e t s w i t h o u t strain.

• Cambridge S y s t e m s T e c h n o l o g y are d e v e l o p i n g their Q L inter-

faces, their Q-PI Centronics parallel interface has been reduced t o
£50.00 + VAT.
T h e y also have a full i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of the international
IEEE-488 p r o t o c o l interface o n sale, the Q - 4 8 8 . Its cost w a s not
available at the t i m e of g o i n g t o press, but more i n f o r m a t i o n can be
o b t a i n e d f r o m C S T , 3 0 Regent St., C a m b r i d g e , CB2 1 DB.

• A stylish c o m p u t e r trolley is available f r o m Paul Gallini Enter-

prises, 1 4 6 M y t o n Rd., W a r w i c k , C V 3 4 6PR for £ 6 5 . 0 0 inc.

Research interface t h e n y o u w i l l • A super l o o k i n g four colour printer/plotter is n o w available f r o m

Opus supplies Ltd. have m a d e
have t o get a p o w e r s u p p l y f i t t e d Datafax Ltd., Basingstoke, Hants for the unbelievably l o w price of
their mark as a supplier of c o m -
and this w i l l c o s t y o u e x t r a . £199.95.
puter h a r d w a r e . The first i t e m t o
I hope t o be looking at one e n d and r e p o r t i n g back on it in the
c o m e t o m y notice w a s their A 3 inch drive i s a l s o a v a i l a b l e
near f u t u r e .
b u d g e t priced m o n i t o r f r o m J V C under their brand n a m e , this is a
advertised on the c o m p u t e r double sided drive g i v i n g 2 5 0 K
press. I h a v e been supplied w i t h • Prices reach a n e w l o w w i t h Fischertechnics n e w six-in-one
( 5 0 0 K double density) and
one and w i l l report e l s e w h e r e r o b o t a r m . This is supplied in kit f o r m and c o n t a i n s all the elec-
c o s t s £ 1 1 9 . 9 5 . No i n f o r m a t i o n
h o w it p e r f o r m s w h e n used in tronics needed as long as an " a p p r o p r i a t e " interface is used on the
a s t o w h e t h e r a PSU is f i t t e d w a s
conjunction w i t h the Adapt controlling m i c r o .
g i v e n . Of c o u r s e w i t h all this
Electronics RGB o u t p u t unit for The price is £ 6 4 . 9 5 ! !
h a r d w a r e a r o u n d y o u ' l l need
the S p e c t r u m . s o m e t h i n g t o put it on, a n d Opus
T h e latest a d d i t i o n t o their h a v e v e n t u r e d i n t o this area as
m o n i t o r range is the high resolu- well.
tion v e r s i o n available for the Q L T h e y have a range of c o m -
at £ 2 9 9 . 9 5 , it w i l l also w o r k puter furniture for b o t h the
w i t h the S p e c t r u m and m o s t business and the h o m e m a r k e t s .
other popular c o m p u t e r s . Prices range f r o m £ 6 0 . 0 0 f o r
Disk drives are another area the h o m e unit t o £ 2 4 0 . 0 0 f o r
in w h i c h O p u s are l o w e r i n g the best business desk.
prices, t h e y have i n t r o d u c e d a A n d n o w , if y o u d o n ' t live in
£ 5 . 2 5 single sided, 1 0 0 K drive L o n d o n y o u are still able t o avail
for £ 1 1 9 .9 5 , h o w e v e r if y o u in- yourself of their g o o d s as Boots
tend t o use it w i t h a S p e c t r u m have agreed t o s t o c k their pro-
via the excellent T e c h n o l o g y d u c t s in their chain of stores.

110 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5

 PROGRAMMING FEATURE

First steps in
Machine code
Part 2: working with registers
An introduction to Z80 Machine Code
by David Nowotnik
Last t i m e 1 i n t r o d u c e d t o y o u t h e highest value in hex w i t h just load values into the registers m a y w i s h t o load the equivalent
c o n c e p t s of t h e Z 8 0 m i c r o - t w o characters is ' F F ' , w h i c h is f r o m o u t s i d e the CPU. One w a y of a variable (i.e. the c o n t e n t s of
processor, m a c h i n e c o d e and 2 5 5 in decimal. A n d that just t o d o this is to load data f r o m t h e a n address in m e m o r y ) into one
assembly language pro- h a p p e n s t o be the highest value program. For example, the in- of the registers. There are a
gramming. Using those con- t h a t c a n be stored in a b y t e (or in s t r u c t i o n : n u m b e r of w a y s y o u c a n d o this.
c e p t s , I gave a f e w simple ex- a single register). So, every b y t e For r e a s o n s w h i c h w i l l
a m p l e s of m o v i n g data t o and value can be d e f i n e d by a t w o LD B, n b e c o m e apparent later, the A
f r o m the Z 8 0 CPU. T o remind character n u m b e r using hex register is special. For e x a m p l e ,
y o u of t h e internal l a y o u t of this (e.g. OA for ten, FA for 2 5 4 w i l l load the B register w i t h a it is the register in w h i c h all one
CPU, the d i a g r a m of the CPU is decimal). value r e p r e s e n t e d by ' n ' . In b y t e a r i t h m e t i c is carried o u t .
s h o w n again this t i m e (fig. 1). as S o m e of the other advan- m a c h i n e code, LD B,n appears So, there are m o r e o p t i o n s t o
I'll be referring t o it again as I t a g e s of h e x w i l l b e c o m e as a t w o b y t e i n s t r u c t i o n . The L O A D A t h a n any o t h e r single
d e v e l o p s o m e more of the w a y s apparent as w e g o t h r o u g h the first b y t e is 0 6 h e x , w h i c h is the register. Y o u can load the A
in w h i c h m a c h i n e c o d e can series. T o e n c o u r a g e y o u t o use o p c o d e for LD B,n. T h e value in register w i t h the c o n t e n t s of a
transfer data f r o m m e m o r y t o hex rather t h a n decimal, I have the m e m o r y address immedi- b y t e f r o m a specific m e m o r y
t h e internal registers of the CPU. i n c o r p o r a t e d a hex t o decimal ately f o l l o w i n g this o p c o d e is address w i t h LD A , ( n n ) . ' n n '
But before w e begin w i t h these c o n v e r s i o n p r o g r a m (suitable for the value t o be loaded into the B represents a m e m o r y address,
aspects of t h e m a c h i n e code, I'd b o t h Z X 8 1 and S p e c t r u m ) , in register. This is k n o w n as the and y o u may r e m e m b e r f r o m
like t o i n t r o d u c e y o u t o a dif- F i g . 2 , and, later, t w o n e w operand. For e x a m p l e , if the t w o last t i m e t h a t the b r a c k e t s mean
ferent w a y t o deal w i t h n u m b e r s m a c h i n e code loaders w h i c h use bytes (opcode and operand) ' t h e c o n t e n t s o f ' . LD A , ( m m ) i s a
w h e n working with computers. hex rather t h a n decimal, as w a s w e r e 0 6 F B , t h e n the value FB 3 b y t e i n s t r u c t i o n in machine
This n u m e r i c s y s t e m is called used last time. But, for n o w , w o u l d be loaded i n t o t h e B c o d e ; the fist b y t e ( 3 A ) is the
h e x a d e c i m a l ( c o m m o n l y ab- back t o m a c h i n e code. register. All the other registers o p c o d e , the second and third are
breviated t o hex). can be loaded f r o m the p r o g r a m the l o w and high b y t e respec
More LOADing in the same w a y , and all t h e
o p c o d e s for these i n s t r u c t i o n s
tively of the address of the byte
w h o s e value is loaded into A .
Hexadecimal I i n t r o d u c e d last time the appear in table 2. Remember, Similarly a register pair can be
T h e n u m e r i c s y s t e m w e use in assembly language c o m m a n d of y o u m u s t have a second b y t e t o loaded directly f r o m m e m o r y ;
every day life is called decimal. L O A D . It happens t o be t h e m o s t c o m p l e t e this instruction. i.e. LD dd, (nn), w h e r e d d
T o use decimal, w e h a v e 1 0 f r e q u e n t l y used m a c h i n e code Y o u c a n , if y o u w i s h , load a represents HL, DE, or BC. W h e n
c h a r a c t e r s (0 to 9) w h i c h w e o p e r a t i o n of all. T h e r e a r e r e g i s t e r pair d i r e c t l y w i t h a d d is HL, there is a single o p c o d e
c o m b i n e t o define a n u m b e r . several variations o n L O A D ; the single i n s t r u c t i o n , rather t h a n ( 2 A ) , f o l l o w e d b y a t w o byte
Decimal is easy for us t o learn as simpler and m o s t frequently use t w o i n s t r u c t i o n s . F r o m last operand. T o load BC or DE a t w o
w e have ten fingers t o use in used will n o w be described. t i m e , y o u will recall t h a t the H b y t e o p c o d e is r e q u i r e d ,
counting. T h e simplest of all are the and L, B and C, and D and E f o l l o w e d by the address
The computer, however, s e r i e s of L O A D c o m m a n d s registers can be paired s u c h t h a t operand. The address operand
finds d e c i m a l c u m b e r s o m e as it w h i c h a l l o w the c o n t e n t s of one they e f f e c t i v e l y c a n hold any points t o the b y t e w h o s e value is
has eight ' f i n g e r s ' ; t h e n u m b e r r e g i s t e r to be c o p i e d i n t o number b e t w e e n 0 and 6 5 5 3 5 loaded i n t o the l o w register of
of bits in a register or a b y t e s in a n o t h e r register. The B A S I C ( 0 0 t o FFFF hex). C,E, and L the pair; the n e x t address in
m e m o r y . W h e n using BASIC, equivalent is LET B ^ C (for LD f o r m the l o w b y t e of the pair, m e m o r y after t h e operand ad-
the interpreter in ROM B,C); t h e o r i g i n a t i n g register w h i l e B,D, and H are the high dress is loaded i n t o the high
translates n u m b e r s t o decimal remains unaltered, but the value bytes. register of the pair.
to m a k e life easier f o r us. But in it holds (a n u m b e r b e t w e e n 0 0 Three b y t e s make u p t h e For y e t more flexibility, y o u
using m a c h i n e c o d e , it b e c o m e s and FF hex) is c o p i e d into the m a c h i n e c o d e i n s t r u c t i o n t o load c a n use the HL register pair t o
easier t o a d o p t the c o m p u t e r ' s other register. A single o p c o d e a register pair directly. T h e first point t o an address in m e m o r y
n u m e r i c s y s t e m . T h i s is a carries o u t this operation; table is t h e o p c o d e , the s e c o n d is the w h o s e value is loaded into a
system which has 16 1 displays t h e o p c o d e s for all value w h i c h goes in the l o w register. T h u s , LD r,(HL)
c h a r a c t e r s ( ' t w o h a n d s ' of eight possible inter-register transfers. b y t e , and the third the value to w h e r e r represents any register
' f i n g e r s ' ) w h i c h m a k e u p all There is no equivalent instruc- g o in t h e high b y t e . N o t e t h a t the — is an i n s t r u c t i o n requiring only
numbers, and is called t i o n t o copy t h e c o n t e n t s of one l o w b y t e preceeds t h e high b y t e one b y t e (the opcode) w h i c h
hexadecimal. register pair i n t o another pair, in a t w o b y t e n u m b e r . This is a t a k e s the number s t o r e d in the
H e x a d e c i m a l w o r k s like this: but this can be achieved by t w o Z 8 0 c o n v e r s i o n , and w e ' l l see HL register as t h e address in
T h e n u m b e r s 0 t o 9 in decimal single register transfers, e.g. more of t h a t in a m o m e n t . T h e m e m o r y f r o m w h i c h a value is
are t h e same in h e x a d e c i m a l (or t w o b y t e load i n s t r u c t i o n s also c o p i e d into the register. T h e A
hex, for short). 1 0 decimal LD H, B appear in Table 2 . register a l l o w s the BC and DE
b e c o m e s ' A ' in h e x , eleven is LD L,C The direct load i n s t r u c t i o n s r e g i s t e r pairs t o p e r f o r m as
' B ' , a n d so o n u p t o 1 5 , w h i c h is are equivalent to, for e x a m p l e , p o i n t e r s as w e l l ( e . g . LD
' F ' h e x . S i x t e e n is t h e n ' 1 0 ' hex, t o c o p y BC into HL. LET B - 5 , or LET B C = 1 2 2 5 in A,(BC». ^
and 2 6 decimal is ' 1 A ' h e x . T h e It is, of course, necessary t o BASIC. For more flexibility, y o u W h e n e v e r it is possible t o ^

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY;MARCH 1 9 8 5 11 1
 [PROGRAMMING FEATURE
j u m p , and there is little w o n d e r
w h y ! One of t h e great benefits
of w r i t i n g in assembly language,
and h a v i n g an assembler pro
g r a m translate t o m a c h i n e c o d e
is t h a t the c a l c u l a t i o n is carried
out for y o u . If y o u d o calculate
relative j u m p s for yourself, t h e n
r e m e m b e r t h a t the s t a r t i n g point
for the s u m is t h e address of the
opcode immediately following
t h e D J N Z i n s t r u c t i o n . T h a t ' s the
place y o u w o u l d end u p if y o u
^ ^ ^ CONTROL
had D J N Z 0 .
LINES For simple loops in machine
code, y o u w i l l be j u m p i n g back
following the DJNZ instruction,
and y o u ' l l see t h a t in the
e x a m p l e s I will be giving. Y o u ' l l
also n o t i c e t h a t every t i m e a loop
w i t h D J N Z is set up, t h e B
r e g i s t e r is f i l l e d w i t h a n
appropriate value, m u c h like the
FOR statement in a
Figure 1. Internal Architecture of the Z80 CPU
FOR . . . NEXT loop.
One final o p c o d e for n o w ;
y o u ' l l see it in s o m e of the
toad a register (or register pair) ple, if the value of t h e A register implemented. e x a m p l e s — t h a t is NOP. It simp-
f r o m a n address in m e m o r y , it is is 3 A , t h e n INC A will increase it H o w t h e value of n c o n t r o l s ly m e a n s d o n o t h i n g ! It is
also possible t o c o p y t h e register t o 3B, and DEC A w i l l decrease it t h e j u m p is quite c o m p l i c a t e d . It m a c h i n e codes w a y of carrying
value into memory. For t o 3 9 h e x . If t h e value of A w e r e allows y o u to j u m p both forward o u t PAUSE. NOP only s l o w s
e x a m p l e , LD ( H U , A w i l l c o p y FF (the highest possible) t h e n and b a c k w a r d s ; this is called d o w n m a c h i n e c o d e for a frac-
the c o n t e n t s of the A register t o INC A w o u l d c o n v e r t the value in relative j u m p i n g (as PC is altered tion of a s e c o n d , so y o u ' l l need
an address in m e m o r y indicated A t o zero; similarly, DEC A w h e n relative t o its current position). q u i t e a f e w N O P ' s (in a loop) t o
by t h e value of the HL register. A is zero w o u l d m a k e A hold t h e Here's h o w it w o r k s ; see any e f f e c t .
The final L O A D i n s t r u c t i o n value FF, If t h e value of n is b e t w e e n 0 P h e w ! T h a t w a s a lot of
for n o w a l l o w s y o u t o place a On paired registers, INC and and 1 2 7 , then the program t h e o r y in a small space. L e t ' s t r y
value i n t o R A M w i t h o u t g o i n g DEC w o r k o n t h e c o m b i n e d c o u n t e r j u m p s f o r w a r d by the s o m e e x a m p l e s n o w as light
t h r o u g h o n e of t h e registers of value held by the pair of value of n; i.e. PC - PC + n. But if relief, and h o p e f u l l y , t o clarify
t h e CPU. T h a t is LD (HL),n. A registers. So, b e w a r e , INC HL is t h e value of n lies b e t w e e n 1 2 8 the t h e o r y . Y o u ' l l notice t h a t I
t w o b y t e i n s t r u c t i o n , the second n o t t h e same as INC H and INC L. and 2 5 5 , then the program h a v e split u p e x a m p l e s for the
being t h e value w h i c h goes into A g a i n , the e x a m p l e s should c o u n t e r j u m p s back a c c o r d i n g Z X 8 1 and S p e c t r u m . T h a t ' s
t h e address indicated by t h e clarify any d o u b t s a b o u t INC and t o the s u m P C - P C - ( 2 5 6 - n ) . because the differences
value held in t h e HL register pair. DEC. The m o s t c o m m o n l y o c c u r i n g b e t w e e n the m a c h i n e s are quite
W e l l , that w a i a lot of t h e o r y fault in w r i t i n g m a c h i n g code is considerable w h e n it c o m e s t o
in a s h o r t space. If it w a s n ' t A Simple Loop the m i s c a l c u l a t i o n of a relative m a c h i n e c o d e . So, G O T O the
clear, read the s e c t i o n again,
and look at Tables 2 a n d 3 , W i t h t h e m a c h i n e c o d e I have Figure 2 Hex to Dec conversion program
w h i c h c o n t a i n o p c o d e s for all given y o u so far, it w o u l d only be
the L O A D instructions dealt possible t o g o t o the start of a 10 LET A$ = " 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F "
w i t h just n o w . Several of t h e m c o d e (the USR f u n c t i o n ) , carry 100 INPUT B$
w i l l appear in the e x a m p l e s I give o u t a list of i n s t r u c t i o n s , and, 110 IF B$ (1) = " $ " T H E N G O T O 3 0 0
later on, w h i c h s h o u l d also help w i t h t h e RET i n s t r u c t i o n , return 120 LET Z = V A L B$
t o clarify these i n s t r u c t i o n s . t o BASIC. F r o m BASIC, y o u w i l l 130 LET A = Z
h a v e learnt t h e p o w e r and utility 140 LET H$ = " "
150 IF A = 0 T H E N G O T O 4 0 0
Simple Arithmetic of F O R . . . N E X T l o o p s ; i t ' s
possible t o d o a similar t h i n g in 160 LET R = INT ( A r t 6 )
machine code. The simplest 170 LET S = A - 1 6 * R
C o m p u t e r s w o u l d n ' t g e t very
far if all y o u c o u l d d o w a s t o w a y is w i t h a c o m p l e x instruc- 180 LET H$ = A $ ( S + 1 ) + H$
transfer b y t e s of data f r o m one t i o n D J N Z n. 190 LET A = R
place t o a n o t h e r . M u c h of t h e T h e letters s t a n d for Decre- 200 GOTO 150
rest of t h e series will deal w i t h m e n t B and J u m p if Not Zero. 300 LET H$ = B$ (2 T O )
h o w registers c a n be manipu- W h a t it does is t o use the B 310 LET Z = 0
lated; w e ' l l start n o w w i t h s o m e register as a c o u n t e r , j u s t like the 320 FOR J = 1 T O LEN H$
simple a r i t h m e t i c . N e x t issue I'll variable in a FOR . . NEXT loop. 330 FOR I = 1 T O 1 6
d e m o n s t r a t e a d d i t i o n and sub- W h e n t h i s i n s t r u c t i o n is 340 IF H$ (J) = A$ (I) T H E N G O T O 3 7 0
t r a c t i o n in m a c h i n e c o d e , but if e n c o u n t e r e d , t h e B register is 350 NEXT I
all y o u w a n t t o d o is add or sub- d e c r e m e n t e d , and its value is 360 STOP
t r a c t t h e n u m b e r one f r o m a t e s t e d . If it is not equal t o zero, 370 LET Z = Z + H - 1 ) * 16 * * (LEN H$ - J)
register (or register pair) t h e n the then the Program Counter 380 NEXT J
Z 8 0 p r o v i d e s a simple w a y of (remember t h a t f r o m last time?) 400 PRINT Z,H$
d o i n g it. w i l l j u m p t o a value g o v e r n e d by 410 GOTO 1 0 0
T h e i n s t r u c t i o n s INC a n d the value of n, t h e operand t o
D J N Z (this is a 2 b y t e instruc- This program interconverts decimal and hex numbers. When you run the
DEC will, r e s p e c t i v e l y , add or
tion). If the value of B is zero, program, enter a decimal number or a hex number with a '$ ' sign prefix
s u b t r a c t one f r o m any register or
t h e n PC is i n c r e m e n t e d in t h e This tells the program (tine 1101 whether the number is hex or decimal
register pair. All t h e s e instruc- Both Hex and decimal numbers will he printed on the screen
tions are just one b y t e l o n g (the normal w a y , such that the next
N.B. In line 3 70, the double star * * 'is to the power of on the ZX8 1
o p c o d e ) , and their values are instruction (immediately follow-
On the Spectrum, this should be A'.
s h o w n in table 4 . A s a n e x a m - i n g t h e D J N Z i n s t r u c t i o n ) is

112 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985

 (PROGRAMMING FEATURE!

Table 1 Opcodes for loading between registers Figure 4 Assembly language listings for ZX8 1 Example 1

L D r.f LD HL, ( 1 6 3 9 6 ) 2A0C40 S t a r t of display file

L D B,3 2 0620 l o o p c o u n t e r set
L o a d f r o m : (r) L O O P INC HL 23 N e x t p l a c e in display
LD (HL),33 3621 Put ' o ' o n t h e s c r e e n
A B C D E H L DJNZLOOP 10FB J u m p back t o LOOP
RET C9 or r e t u r n if 3 2 d o n e .
Load to: A 7F 78 79 7A 7B 7 C 7 D Example 2
A 47 40 41 42 43 44 45 L D HL,{1 6 3 9 6 ) 2A0C40 S t a r t of display file
(r') C 4F 48 49 4A 4B 4 C 4 D LD A , 2 2 3E16 N u m b e r of r o w s
D 57 50 51 52 53 54 55 LD D E , 3 0 1 0 0 1 19475 Place t o s t o r e r o w
E 4F 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5 D LD (DE),A 12 counter
H 67 60 61 62 63 64 65 ONE LD B,32 0620 N o . of c o l u m n s
L 6F 68 69 6A 6B 6 C 6 D TWO INC HL 23 Next screen position
Table 2. Load registers with numbers from the program LD (HL),33 3621 Put ' 5 ' o n s c r e e n
DJNZ T W O 10FB J u m p back to ' T W O '
LD r,n LD d d . n n J u m p o v e r N E W LINE
INC HL 23
LD A , n 3 E LD BC,nn 01 LD A,(DE) 1 A Check on r o w counter
L D B,n 06 LDDE.nn 11 LD B,A 47
LDC.n 0E LDHL.nn 21 DEC A 3 D
LD D,n 16 LD(DE),A 12 Store the r o w counter
L D E,n 1 E DJNZ ONE 10F2 J u m p back t o ONE'
LD H,n 26 RET C9 unless 2 2 r o w s c o m p l e t e
Example 3
LDL.n 2 E
Table 3. Loading registers to and from memory LD H H 1 6 3 9 6 ) 2A0C40 S t a r t of display file
LD DE,301 0 0 119475 Column counter
Loading f r o m memory Loading t o m e m o r y LD A , 3 0 3E1 E N u m b e r of c q l u m n s
LD A,(nn) 3 A LD (nn),A 32 LD ( D E ) , A 12 stored 1

LDA,(BC) OA LD (BC),A 02 ONE INC HL 23 Next screen address

LDA.(DE) 1A LD (DE).A 12 LD (HL),33 3621 Place ' 5 ' o n t h e s c r e e n
LD A , ( H L ) 7E LD (HL),A 77 LD B . 2 5 5 06FF Delay c o u n t e r
TWO NO P 00 Delay l o o p
DJNZ T W O 10FD
LDB.(HL) 46 LD (HL),B 70 L D (HL),0 3600 Erase ' 5 '
LDC.(HL) 4E LD (HL),C 71 LD A,(DE) 1 A Check on column counter
LDD,(HL) 56 LD (HL),D 72 LD B,A 47
L D E,(HL) 5E LD (HL),E 73 DEC A 3 D
LD H,(HL) 6 6 LD (HL),H 74 LD (DEC),A 12 Replace c o u n t e r v a l u e
LDL(HL) 6E LD (HL),L 75 DJNZ ONE 10F0 J u m p back t o ONE
RET C9 Unless all d o n e .
LD BC,(nn) ED4B LD |nn),BC ED43 Figure 5. Spectrum Hex loader
L D DE,(nn) EDS B LD (nn),DE ED53 10 C L E A R 2 9 9 9 9
LD HL,(nn) 2 A LD(nn),HL 22
2 0 LET X = 3 0 0 0 0
3 0 R E A D a$ : IF a$ = " s ' ' T H E N S T O P
(LD (HL),n 36) 4 0 FOR i = 1 T O LEN a$ S T E P 2
Table 4. Increment and Decrement registers.
5 0 LET y = 0
A B C D E H L BC DE H L 60 FORj = 0 TO 1
INC 3 C 0 4 OC 14 1 C 2 4 2 C 0 3 13 2 3 7 0 LET r = C O D E (aS(i + j))
DEC 3 D 0 5 0 D 1 5 I D 2 5 2 D OB IB 2 B
8 0 LET s = r - 4 8 - ( r 5 7 ) * 7
9 0 LET y = y + 1 6 # s * ( j = 0 ) + s * ( j = 1 )
1 0 0 NEXT j
1 1 0 POKE ' x , y : LET x = x + 1
Figure 3 Hex loader program
1 2 0 N E X T i: G O T O 3 0
10 POKE 1 6 3 8 8 , 4 7
20 POKE 1 6 3 8 9 . 1 1 7 2 000 DATA " s "
30 LET MS = " " Example 1
40 LET X = 3 0 0 0 0
1000 DATA " 2 1 0 0 5 8 1 1 9 4 7 5 3 E 1 6 1 2 "
50 FOR C = 1 TO LEN M$ STEP2
60 POKE X. 11 6 * ( C O D E M $ (C) - 2 8 ) + ( C O D E M $ ( C + 1 I - 2 8 ) ) 1 0 1 0 D A T A " 0 6 2 0 3 6 8 7 2 3 1 0FB1 A 4 7 3 D "
8 0 NEXT C 1020 DATA " 1 21 0 F 3 C 9 "
Example 1. Example 2.
3 0 LET M $ = " 2 A O C 4 0 0 6 2 0 2 3 3 6 2 1 1 0 F B C 9 " A s a b o v e , b u t c h a n g e line 1 0 0 0 t o
Example 2
3 0 LET M $ = " 2 A O C 4 0 3 E l 6 1 1 9 4 7 5 1 2 0 6 2 0 2 3 3 6 2 1 1 0 1000 DATA " 2 1 0 0 4 0 1 194753 ECS12"
FB231 A 4 7 3 D 1 2 1 0 F 2 C 9 " Example 3.
Example 3
1000 DATA "2100581 194753E0612"
3 0 LET M $ = " 2 AO C 4 0 1 1 9 4 7 5 3 E 1 E 1 2 2 3 3 6 2 1 0 6
F F 0 0 1 0 F D 3 6 2 0 1 A 4 7 3 D1 2 1 0 F0 C9 " 1010 DATA "3E003295753 A95750680"
1020 DATA "77 2310FC06083C1 0FD"
1030 DATA " 3 2 9 5 7 5 1 A47 3D121 0E9C9"

appropriate section! s u b s t i t u t e t h e line 3 0 in ex- y o u ' l l g e t a s c r e e n f u l l of ' 5 ' s — issue.

a m p l e s one t o t h r e e , t h e n R U N , i n s t a n t l y (try t h a t in B A S I C ) . T h e A l s o , t r y v a r y i n g t h e hex
f o l l o w e d by t h e d i r e c t c o m m a n d final e x a m p l e w i l l g i v e y o u a ' 5 ' n u m b e r s u n d e r l i n e d (generally
ZX81 Examples R A N D USR 3 0 0 0 0 t o a c t i v a t e
the routines.
d a s h i n g a c r o s s — d o n ' t blink or
y o u ' l l m i s s it.
use a smaller n u m b e r ) a n d see
w h a t happens.
A l l e x a m p l e s use t h e d i s p l a y S p a c e d o e s n ' t p e r m i t t o o full
To try the machine code file; t h a t is, y o u ' l l see t h e e f f e c t an e x p l a n a t i o n o f h o w t h e s e
e x a m p l e s in t h i s i s s u e y o u ' l l of the machine code on the r o u t i n e s w o r k . T r y t h e m o u t for Spectrum
y o u r s e l f , look at t h e a s s e m b l y
n e e d t h e hex loader in f i g . 3 .
T y p e t h i s in a n d S A V E it. T h e
screen.
In e x a m p l e 5, y o u ' l l g e t a r o w l a n g u a g e l i s t i n g , a n d see if y o u Examples
m a c h i n e c o d e g o e s in as a s t r i n g of ' 5 ' s p r i n t e d o n t h e t o p line of c a n w o r k o u t w h a t is h a p p e n i n g .
of h e x v a l u e s in line 3 0 , so t h e s c r e e n . In e x a m p l e t w o , You'll get some more clues next M y S p e c t r u m m a c h i n e c o d e hex

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 113

 [PROGRAMMING FEATURE
loader appears in Fig. 5. First should be able t o w o r k o u t w h a t
Example 3
e n t e r i t , t h e n s a v e it. T h e is happening, all e x a m p l e s use
t h e S p e c t r u m ' s d i s p l a y or LD H L , 2 2 5 2 8 210058 S t a r t of a t t r i b u t e s
machine c o d e appears in D A T A
s t a t e m e n t s in line 1000 a t t r i b u t e file, so the e f f e c t is LD D E , 3 0 1 0 0 119475 Storage byte
o n w a r d s , so for e a c h e x a m p l e , a l w a y s visual. LD A , 6 3E06 First l o o p c o u n t e r
t y p e in t h e D A T A lines W i t h the appropriate D A T A LD (DE).A 12 stored
appropriate for t h a t e x a m p l e . In lines in place (in fig 5) RUN the LD A.O 3EOO A t t r i b u t e value
all cases leave line 2 0 0 0 as t h e p r o g r a m , t h e n call the m a c h i n e LD ( 3 0 1 0 1 ),A 329575 stored
last line; this c o n t a i n s a s y m b o l c o d e w i t h R A N D O M I Z E UR ONE LD A , ( 3 0 1 0 1 ) 3A9575 Recover a t t r i b u t e value
Cs') t h a t i n f o r m s the p r o g r a m 3 0 0 0 0 , a n d see w h a t happens. LD B,1 2 8 0680 Loop counter
y o u have c o m e t o the end. T r y e x p e r i m e n t i n g by c h a n g i n g TWO L D (HL),A 77 Place a t t r i b u t e i n file
From t h e details g i v e n in the t h o s e n u m b e r s w h i c h are INC HL 23 next position
a s s e m b l y language listing y o u underlined in Fig 5. G o o d luck! DJNZ T W O 10FC until 1 2 8 d o n e
L D B,8 0608 A d d eight
Figure 6 Assembly language listings for Spectrum Example 1 TRE INC A 3C t o a t t r r i b u t e value
D J N Z TRE 10FD
LD H L , 2 2 5 2 8 210058 Start of t h e a t t r i b u t e s LD ( 3 0 1 0 1 ),A 329575 Store n e w value
LD D E . 3 0 1 0 0 119475 Storage byte LD A,(DE) 1 A REcover c o u n t e r
LD A , 2 2 3 El 6 Loop c o u n t e r LD B . A 47 Copy into B
ONE LD (DE),A 12 S t o r e d at 3 0 1 0 0 DEC A 3 D C o u n t e r m i n u s one
LD B,32 0620 Column counter LD (DE),A 12 Store n e w c o u n t e r value
TWO LD (HL), 1 2 7 367 F A t t r i b u t e value D J N Z ONE 10E9 J u m p b a c k t o ONE
INC HL 23 placed in r o w RET C9 Unless B = 0
DJNZ T W O 10FB
LD A.(DE) 1 A Recover loop c o u n t e r
LD B , A 47 c o p y in B
DEC A 3 D Loop c o u n t e r m i n u s one
LD (DE),A 12 Replace loop c o u n t e r
DJNZ ONE 10F3 J u m p back t o ONE
RET C9 unless all done.
Example 2.
This is t h e s a m e as 1 e x c e p t for t h e first t h r e e tines:
LD H L , 1 6 3 8 4 210040 Start of display file
LD D E . 3 0 1 0 0 119475 Storage b y t e
LD A , 2 0 0 3EC8 Loop c o u n t e r .

WHAT?

Tortoise-wise
or more lines from a parent who gets ~
left behind. By David Stewart
I ' m still s t r u g g l i n g . But w h y His n a m e is Peter and his son t o o for help. There is s u c h a thing as PEEK, s t r i n g s a n d v a i a b l e s
w o r r y ? It's o n e of t h e t h i n g s w e has a S p e c t r u m . loyalty and s a f e t y in n u m b e r s . relocated in a n already over-
parents are s u p p o s e d to be g o o d " W h a t can I do for y o u T h e Tortoise m o v e s o n late taxed vocabulary.
a t , isn't it? Pete?" i n t o t h e night. N o w is m y c h a n c e T h e y are t h e hares a n d I ' m
Remember the tale of the " H a v e your kids gone t o bed t o m a k e u p s o m e g r o u n d . I settle t h e Tortoise. I k n o w I ' m not
Tortoise and t h e Hare? W e l l I ' m yet?" m y s e l f in f r o n t of t h e T V keeping up. T o r t o i s e - w i s e , I ' m
the Tortoise and I ' v e got at least "Yes. W h y ? " m o n i t o r . S p e c t r u m annual n e x t not g i v i n g u p either. I'll get there
t w o hares t o c o n t e n d w i t h . " i ' m p u t t i n g a p r o g r a m in t o the keyboard. in the end. A t o r t o i s e I m a y be. A
Right n o w the house is quiet. f r o m one of those magazines, It's e x c i t i n g in a w a y t h a t the Dinosaur I ' m n o t . Y e t .
B o t h m y sons have gone t o bed, t h o u g h t I m i g h t learn s o m e t h i n g Hares asleep upstairs h a v e long \ plod o n t h r o u g h t h e m a n u a l
b o t h their one t r a c k m i n d s are d o i n g it this w a y . D o e s n ' t m e a n f o r g o t t e n . I t ' s n e w to m e still. I w o n d e r i n g if being useless at
probably pursuing flapping a n y t h i n g t o m e of c o u r s e but feel like s o m e o n e in t h e T w e n t y languages has got a n y t h i n g t o
lavatory seats t h r o u g h c o u n t - t h e n nor does t h e manual m u c h . First C e n t u r y . They d o it as d o w i t h t h e pitifully s l o w pro-
less mazes, zapping their w a y A n y w a y I think there's some- naturally as sitting d o w n t o fish gress I m a k e . Or is it M a t h s 1 w a s
t h r o u g h their s l u m b e r s , coun- t h i n g w r o n g s o m e w h e r e and m y and chips. I ' m still filled w i t h a useless at? Or b o t h ? A n d w h y
ting t h e screens until m o r n i n g . k i d ' s g o n e t o bed t o o . " sense of a w e . I ' m still impress- d o t h e y call BASIC a language?
T h e S p e c t r u m is c o o l i n g " C a n I h e l p ? " I ask. ed. I s t i l l d o n ' t u n d e r s t a n d A n d if there are o t h e r languages
d o w n at the end of the day. T h e " I d o u b t it. I w a s h o p i n g one e n o u g h . T o t h e m , the c o m p u t e r for c o m p u t e r s are there any
j o y s t i c k is still. of y o u r kids w a s still u p so I is a tool, a t o y , a g a m e . It takes a m o r e suited t o Tortoises? W h a t
The t e l e p h o n e rings. Thank- c o u l d ask h i m . Never m i n d . tot t o impress t h e m . M a t t h e w are t h e d i f f e r e n c e s a n y w a y ?
fully there are still s o m e in- Must g o . " S m i t h impresses t h e m , screen A n d if I ask the hares in the mor-
s t r u m e n t s of m o d e r n tech- W e T o r t o i s e s s h o u l d stick graphics impress t h e m . Hackers ning I k n o w t h e y ' l l laugh and I'll
nology I k n o w h o w t o use. I t o g e t h e r , I think t o m y s e l f . W e impress t h e m . B u t I ' m still t r y i n g g o back into m y shell, Tortoise-
a n s w e r it. It is another T o r t o i s e . s h o u l d n ' t be asking the Hares to get w o r d s like INPUT, POKE, wise.

114 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5

 COMPUTER SOUND

Music Micro Please!

An outline of some of the more
harmonious programs and devices
recently produced. Ray Edler takes up
the Baton and conducts the
investigation.
For t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l / d e d i c a t e d / Z X 8 1 and S p e c t r u m , available g a p s w h i c h left me c o n f u s e d — M a k e r f r o m M a l a n are t w o pro-
expert m u s i c i a n there is the M i d i from Newtech Developments t h e use of t h e E n v e l o p e g r a m s w h i c h help y o u c o m p o s e
interface and synthesiser Ltd. C o s t ranges f r o m £ 2 4 . 9 5 generator for instance. T h e soft- simple t u n e s w i t h the inbuilt
s y s t e m , b u t for m a n y o t h e r s , in- t o £ 2 6 . 9 5 d e p e n d i n g on m o d e l w a r e itself is g o o d a n d a l l o w s Beep.
c l u d i n g y o u r s t r u l y , the c o s t of and internal a m p f i t t e d or n o t . y o u t o create tunes in 3 part har- M u s i c M a k e r f r o m Bellflower
s u c h e q u i p m e n t is b e y o n d the WILLIAM STUART m o n y and is cursor controlled, is an early a t t e m p t w h i c h d i d n ' t
realms of a n o v e r d r a f t . SYSTEMS sound generator t h i s m e a n s t h a t it c a n b e quite c o m e up t o s c r a t c h ,
For us i n t e r e s t e d b u t im- u n i t , designed t o g o w i t h their o p e r a t e d by a j o y s t i c k . H o w e v e r editing and printer copies are vir-
poverished w o u l d be m u s i c i a n s s p e e c h r e c o g n i t i o n and s y n - I f o u n d it a little tedious t o use tually n o n e x i s t e n t and there are
there are a f e w more a f f o r d a b l e , thesiser units but c a n be used o n and t h e editing is almost n o n ex- irritating pauses w h e n a n e w line
t h o u g h m u c h less v e r s a t i l e , its o w n (if plugged i n t o a stereo istent, an error early o n m e a n s is needed.
alternatives. s y s t e m it sounds superb). S o f t - re-entry of t h e rest of t h e line. S i n c l a i r ' s o w n o f f e r i n g is
w a r e is available separately and During playback the three M u s i c m a s t e r . W h e n it c a m e out
Forte! is excellent, the ARP program
k e p t m e f a s c i n a t e d for hours.
lines of music are s h o w n as a let- I said t h a t it probably p u s h e d this
ter/number representing note aspect of S p e c t r u m c o m p u t i n g
A n essential first step is t o d o FULLER (reinstated by Nor- and o c t a v e . W i t h o u t prior t o t h e limit and it remains a t o p
s o m e t h i n g a b o u t t h e BEEP, dic) h a v e a s o u n d unit and a musical knowledge you may p r o g r a m in this field. This has
there are several w a y s around master unit w h i c h includes find it hard to get a n y t h i n g of t w o m o d e s of e n t r y , note names
this, y o u c a n s i m p l y a m p l i f y t h e speech, w e have not tried one w o r t h f r o m it. and k e y b o a r d simulated, editing
t h i n g or, if y o u w a n t t o get the out y e t , but the n e w look T h e s o u n d quality itself is is g o o d , replay is fast and a stave
m o s t f r o m the c o m p u t e r , t h e n p a c k a g i n g is nice. very g o o d , t h e speaker handles printout is provided.
y o u w i l l need t o purchase a unit A n d finally DK'TRONICS the o u t p u t w i t h minimal distor-
which incorporates a sound
c h i p . M o s t of these units use a
again, identical t o their beep
a m p in size and shape is a full
t i o n and m a n y a long hour w a s
happily spent w i t h this p r o g r a m .
And Finally...
version of the A Y - 3 - 8 9 1 0 / S o u n d S y n t h e s i s e r . T h i s is A unit w h i c h is nicely m a d e , f r o m a small c o m p a n y (you m a y
8 9 1 2 c h i p and this is a w e l l based on t h e A Y chip and is sup- looks and sounds g o o d and is like t o play " s p o t the a d v e r t " for
t e s t e d and reliable c h i p w h i c h plied w i t h a d e m o tape. C o s t w e l l w o r t h considering. their products) c o m e s my
can p r o d u c e s o m e impressive £29.95. It also w o r k s w e l l w i t h other f a v o u r i t e p r o g r a m so far!
sounds. peripherals, the Technology M U S I C TYPEWRITER f r o m
Simple a m p l i f i c a t i o n of the
BEEP c a n be a c h i e v e d in several
The Dk'tronics 3 Research Disk drive unit func-
tioned w i t h o u t problems a n d it
R o m a n t i c Robot, 11 3 Melrose
A v e . L o n d o n N W 2 4 L X is a very
w a y s and is t h e least expensive Channel Sound w a s easy t o c o n v e r t t h e s o f t professional piece of programm-
of t h e t w o o p t i o n s . Beep a m p s Unit ware supplied to disk. The ing, easy t o use, excellent
either h a v e a built in speaker or Z X L p r i n t III Centronics unit also screen p r e s e n t a t i o n , error
send the s o u n d t o t h e T V and I w i l l give a detailed a c c o u n t of sat at the back quite happily, and t r a p p i n g and helpful p r o m p t s .
s o m e s u c h units are: this unit as it is one of t h e f e w of c o u r s e D K ' s o w n u n i t s , Fast replay, versatile editing,
THE C H E E T A H BEEP A M P , still left in m y possession, m o s t j o y s t i c k interface etc. p r o v e d stave and note printouts,
this p u t s t h e s o u n d t h r o u g h t h e of the o t h e r s had t o be returned compatible. t r a n s p o s i n g t o other keys, six
T V a n d is in the s a m e size b o x as after e a c h specific r e v i e w , and o c t a v e s , treble and bass clefs,
their o t h e r units, c o m p l e t e w i t h a n y w a y its o n e of t h e latest o n
t h e m a r k e t , and m o s t are similar
Make Music 2 3 - 2 5 5 M M (metronomescale),
m e n u d r i v e n and up to 1 6 pieces
a full t h r o u g h port for other
peripherals. C o s t £ 9 . 9 5 . in operation. is a p r o g r a m p r o d u c e d by the of m u s i c held in m e m o r y at one
C U R R A H M I C R O SPEECH This is supplied w i t h an eight B u f f e r micro shop w h i c h w o r k s time.
u n i t . This is primarily a s p e e c h page booklet w h i c h gives set- in c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h any Spec- E v e n w i t h o u t a n a m p it
unit but it also routes the Spec- t i n g u p details, the v o l u m e is ad- t r u m sound unit using the soundsgood.
t r u m Beep t h r o u g h t h e T V and is justable by a small s c r e w d r i v e r A Y - 3 - 8 9 1 2 c h i p and a t t e m p t s Do y o u get t h e impression
w o r t h c o n s i d e r i n g if y o u w a n t t o t h r o u g h a little hole in t h e t o p of to emulate a three track I ' m impressed?
i n v e s t i g a t e t h e w o r l d of speech the u n i t , full v o l u m e is loud r e c o r d e r , similar t o t h e BBC A k e y b o a r d overlay is provid-
as w e l l . C o s t £ 2 9 . 9 5 . e n o u g h for m o s t purposes! M u s i c Processor p r o g r a m . It is ed and versions of t h e p r o g r a m
D K ' T R O N I C S BEEP A U D I O S o m e d e m o programs are quite successful a l t h o u g h rather are available for use w i t h a
A M P . This is a self c o n t a i n e d g i v e n w h i c h explain t h e basics a w k w a r d t o operate, the screen sound generator chip a n d e v e n
unit in t w o parts, the amplifier of p r o g r a m m i n g t h e b e a s t , display is not as i n f o r m a t i v e as w i t h t h e Midi interface if y o u so
i n t e r f a c e a n d a separate 1 " p o d t h e s e are in B A S I C but a the BBC, and e n v e l o p e c o n t r o l is require.
m o u n t e d loudspeaker. The in- m a c h i n e c o d e p r o g r a m m e r can n o n e x i s t e n t . G o o d , but not as If y o u are interested in music
terface has a full t h r o u g h port glean e n o u g h i n f o r m a t i o n t o versatile as it c o u l d have been, a n d o w n a c o m p u t e r t h e n get it.
and, a l t h o u g h lipped, fits b o t h enable him/her t o i n c o r p o r a t e a n d as far as I k n o w , the only Cost £ 9 . 9 5 .
v e r s i o n s of t h e S p e c t r u m routines in their p r o g r a m s . one of its t y p e for t h e S p e c t r u m . For those of y o u w h o enjoy
securely. Cost £ 1 4 . 9 5 . M o s t o f t h e m a n u a l is XOR f r o m a c o m p a n y called DIY t h e n w a t c h out for our Beep
THE TRICHORD, a full s o u n d d e d i c a t e d t o operating instruc- X o r s o f t and d e s c r i b e d by a m p h a r d w a r e project and s o m e
box including A Y chip, a m p and t i o n s for t h e p r o g r a m supplied, r e v i e w e r Clive S m i t h as " o n e of musical p r o g r a m s s o o n t o be
speaker and s o f t w a r e for b o t h these are brief a n d there are the b e t t e r o n e s " a n d M u s i c published in ZX Computing.

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1985 115

 SPECTRUM CAME
1 REM M » » i m i m i » M » « n i i m
•Underlined characters*
• a r e e n t e r e d in •

boing!
•GRAPHICS mode. •
••••^HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHI
2 LET hi-0: LET ji-0
3 POKE 23658,0! LET a « - , C C C g C
GGGGgg GGGGGG GGGGGG GGGGG"
4 POKE 32296,2: POKE 32306,3:
POKE 32320,1: POKE 32332,3
5 LET h-0
6 B O R D E R 4 : I N K IS P A P E R 5 : C
The classic Froggy arcade LS

game has been superbly

7 LET s - 0 : LET 1-3
9 LET tc-0

programmed by Thomas 9 LET td-5

Baker who hops around

10 PRINT AT 0 , 0 f a «
11 G O T O 4 7

Cheshire 12 F O R a — 1 T O 10001 IF I N K E Y « -
•• T H E N NEXT a
13 IF a - 1 0 0 1 T H E N GO T O 2
A s in the arcade version y o u You m a y also croak it if y o u 14 L E T j i - 1 : G O T O 2
have t o get y o u r poor f r o g g e t carried off the end of the
across t h e b u s y f o u r lane screen or run out of t i m e . Not a n 13 L E T y - y - < x - 2 > - < x - 8 ) «• (x-4) M
h i g h w a y a n d t h e n across the easy life being a f r o g ! x-10 AND y<>31)
fast f l o w i n g river.
16 R E T U R N
T h e road has lorries, cars and Making it fit 17 L E T y — y • ( x — 6 OR x - 4 ) - ( x - 8 O
e v e n r a c i n g cars w h i c h y o u
m u s t avoid w h i l e the river has In order t o get it all i n t o 1 6 K, it is R x-2>
logs and turtles w h i c h y o u m u s t e n t e r e d in t h r e e p a r t s , t h e
20 RETURN
hop o n for a ride. graphics, machine code and
Once y o u have reached the basic. 21 IF 2 - 0 T H E N L E T v - I N T (RND
bank at the t o p of the screen First t y p e in the m a c h i n e •10)+1
then you must jump into an c o d e entry p r o g r a m , RUN it and 2 2 IF z < > 0 T H E N L E T z - z - l : IF
u n o c c u p i e d h o m e , s h o u l d there enter one by one the n u m b e r s in
be a fly there at the t i m e (a d o t ) the m a c h i n e c o d e list. z—0 THEN PRINT INK 11 P A P E R 5
then y o u get a bonus of 2 0 0 N E W the c o m p u t e r a n d t y p e I AT 0 , 0 | a * : R E T U R N
points. in the graphic e n t r y p r o g r a m ,
2 3 IF z < > 0 T H E N RETURN
J u s t in case y o u f i n d this t o o RUN it a n d enter t h e n u m b e r s in
easy there is an alligator w h o the graphic data list. N E W the 2 4 IF v >3 T H E N RETURN
m a k e s u n e x p e c t e d appearances c o m p u t e r again a n d t h e n t y p e in 25 LET d-5+<v^7>: LET r-2
in the h o m e s , land o n him a n d the m a i n listing. O n c e this has
been completed then type
3 0 IF S C R E E N * ( 0 , d > - " ' T H E N R
y o u ' r e a nasty green blob o n the
landscape, as is also true s h o u l d GOTO 9 9 9 9 and save the ETURN
y o u get hit by the t r a f f i c or land w h o l e lot, this saves in three 3 1 IF h > - 8 T H E N L E T r - I N T <RN
in the river. s e c t i o n s so be ready t o keep
pressing a key w h e n p r o m p t e d . D^2)*1
T u r t l e s are u n p r e d i c t a b l e
t h i n g s and at the higher levels G o o d luck a n d happy hopp- 3 2 IF r - 2 T H E N PRINT AT 0,d|
they may turn pink and t h e n dive; INK 2 | P A P E R 5 J "."
d o o m to any poor f r o g still on
t h e m or w h o t h e n tries t o hop
3 3 IF r — 1 T H E N PRINT AT 0,d|
onto them. INK 2f P A P E R 51 I N K 21 P A P E R 5 | •
N"
34 LET z-10: RETURN
35 LET y — y + ( x — 2 OR x - 0 ) - ( x - 6 ) -
 SPECTRUM CAME
(x-4>-(x-4) 0 1 s : P R I N T A T 2 1 , 1 9 1 P A P E R 3| I
3 0 IF y < 0 T H E N LET y-0: GO TO NK 0 ) 1 : P R I N T AT 2 1 , 2 6 } P A P E R 3f
2000 INK 0 | h i
3 9 IF y >31 T H E N LET y-31 : GO 2 0 4 IF j i - 1 T H E N GO TO 213
TO 2 0 0 0 211 P R I N T A T 10,51 P A P E R 6J INK
4 0 GO TO 2 9 0 0 1 ' P r e s s a n y key t o s t a r t "
47 PRINT 212 LET t-USR 32295: LET t-USR
49 PRINT INK 0!"BEBBE EBBB 32344
B BEBBB EE 2 1 3 IF I N K E Y * - " " O R I N K E Y * - " p "
49 PRINT THEN GO TO 212
30 PRINT INK 21" QEEEEEEE9 214 P R I N T AT 10,0) PAPER 6,,
OPPPPO 215 LET ti-194: PRINT AT 10,0|
60 PRINT INK 01 P A P E R 6 1 " T I M E - " : P L O T IN
70 PRINT INK 21"QPPPO OPPPO K 3)45,91: DRAW INK 3 | 1 3 9 , 0
OPPPPO QPPO - 2 2 0 GO TO 9 0 0
60 PRINT 231 LET z - 0
90 PRINT INK 0|" EEEE EEEE 2 3 3 P A P E R l: INK 7
BBBEBE BE " 2 4 0 LET x-xl: LET y-yl
100 PRINT INK 250 PRINT O V E R If INK 9} P A P E R
91 A T x , y I " F "
110 PRINT PAPER 6| INK 4|" 251 PLOT INK 31 I N V E R S E l | t i , 9
l: L E T t i - t i - l : IF t i - 4 4 T H E N L
120 PRINT PAPER 0| INK 6|"' ET 1 - 1 : G O T O 2 0 0 0
2 5 2 IF h< 4 T H E N GO TO 2 5 3
130 PAPER 0 2 5 3 L E T t c - t c + l : IF t c - 2 0 T H E N
140 PRINT INK 4 | " R B CDC GO SUB 5000
DE CDCDE " 2 3 4 IF t c - 2 4 T H E N GO SUB 5 0 2 0
150 PRINT f, 2 3 5 IF h > - 2 T H E N G O S U B 21
160 PRINT INK 21 B R I G H T 1»"STU 2 5 7 IF t c - 3 0 T H E N GO SUB 5100
260 PRINT F L A S H 0J O V E R 1J INK
170 PRINT * f 8; P A P E R 8 ; A T x p y i * E "
190 PRINT INK 3|"MI JKlj 2 6 1 IF h < 8 T H E N GO TO 2 8 0
JKLKL " 2 6 2 IF t d = 2 4 T H E N GO SUB 5 0 1 2
190 PRINT ,, 2 6 3 IF t d = 3 0 T H E N GO SUB 5 0 1 3
200 PRINT INK 5|-«B 2 6 4 L E T t d = t d + l : IF t d = 2 0 T H E N
£BE E§ " GO SUB 5011
201 PRINT INK 3|*mmm 2 8 0 IF A T T R ( x , y ) = 4 1 T H E N GO T
,": P R I N T PAP O 2000
E R 3p r , , 2 8 4 IF S C R E E N * < x f y > « " T H E N G
202 PRINT AT 21,0| PAPER 3 | INK O TO 35
01'Score- Lives- Hi- 2 8 5 IF x< > 1 0 T H E N IF S C R E E N * <
x,y>=" " THEN GO TO 2 0 0 0
203 PRINT AT 21,61 PAPER 3| INK 2 8 6 IF INKEY*°=" " T H E N GO TO 30

2 9 0 L E T y = y + ( I N K E Y * = " x " A N D y<>

3 1 ) - ( I N K E Y * = " z " A N D y<>0>
2 9 2 IF I N K E Y * — " 1 " A N D x < > 1 0 T H E
N G O S U B 17: L E T x - x + 2
2 9 3 IF I N K E Y * - " p " T H E N GO SUB
15: L E T x = x - 2 : L E T s - s + 1 0 : P R I N T
A T 2 1 , 6 | P A P E R 3f INK 0 1 5
3 0 1 IF x = 0 T H E N GO TO 6 0 0
305 LET t-USR 32344
310 GO TO 250
6 0 0 IF S C R E E N * ( x , y ) - - " T H E N G
O TO 2 0 0 0
6 1 0 L E T b * = S C R E E N * <x,y)
. --t: /""• . ^ --'y'lmny 6 2 0 IF b * - " . " T H E N GO TO 7 0 0
630 LET a*<y+l)-"F-

ZX C O M P U m W ^ M U A R Y MARCH 1 9 8 5 11 7
 SPECTRUM CAME
6 3 5 P R I N T A T 0 , 0 | P A P E R 5| INK K 3;45,9l: DRAW INK 3 ; 1 3 9 , 0
1 | a* 6 8 6 P R I N T A T 0,0? P A P E R 5J INK
6 3 6 L E T h-h + 1 1; a *
6 4 0 IF h-1 T H E N POKE 32308,5: 6 9 0 G O TO 8 0 0
POKE 32296,4: POKE 32320,6: POKE 7 0 0 P R I N T AT 0 , y ~ l ; F L A S H If IN
32332,3 K 2; P A P E R 5 ; " 2 0 0 "
6 4 5 IF h - 2 T H E N POKE 32332,4 720 LET a»(y+l)-"F"
6 4 6 IF h - 3 T H E N POKE 32308,12: 725 LET s-s+200
POKE 32296,5: POKE 32320,4: POK 7 3 0 GO T O 6 3 6
E 32332,5 8 0 0 LET x=20: LET y-16
6 4 7 IF h - 5 T H E N POKE 32296,6: 8 1 0 P R I N T A T 21,01 P A P E R 3j INK
POKE 32320,5: POKE 32332,6 0{"Score- Llves= Hi-
6 4 8 IF h - 6 T H E N POKE 32296,7: N

POKE 32320,6: POKE 32332,7 8 2 0 P R I N T AT 2 1 , 6 1 P A P E R 3i INK

6 4 9 IF h - 7 T H E N POKE 32296,8: 0 } s : P R I N T AT 2 1 , 1 8 ; P A P E R 3J I
POKE 32320,7: POKE 32332,8 NK 0 } l : P R I N T AT 2 1 , 2 6 ; P A P E R 31
6 5 0 IF h - 4 T H E N POKE 32308,15: INK 0 ; h i
P R I N T A T 14,01 INK 2| P A P E R 0 | " 8 3 0 P R I N T A T 1 0 , 2 3 ; INK 2; P A P E
I I u STy R 6{ "LEVEL-"J h
•
835 PLOT INK 3; I N V E R S E l j t i , 9
6 5 1 IF h - 8 T H E N POKE 32308,18 l: L E T t i - t i - l : IF t i - 4 4 T H E N L
6 5 2 IF h - 1 0 T H E N POKE 32308,20 E T 1 - 1 : GO TO 2 0 0 0
6 5 3 IF h - 1 2 T H E N POKE 32308,23 840 LET r*=INKEY*: LET xl=x+(2*
6 5 5 IF h - 8 T H E N PRINT AT 14,0) (r*="1" A N D x < > 2 0 ) > - ( 2 * ( r » - " p - ) )
INK 21 P A P E R 0 | " § I U 5 8 5 0 IF x l - 1 0 T H E N PRINT INK 8
TU siy • } P A P E R 8 ; A T x , y ; " •: L E T x - x l :
6 5 7 IF h - 1 4 T H E N P R I N T AT 14,0 GO TO 231
I INK 2 | P A P E R 0f"5TU STU 8 5 5 IF r * - " p " T H E N LET s=s+10:
5TU STU • P R I N T AT 21,6» P A P E R 3; INK 0 } s
6 5 9 IF ( h / 8 ) - I N T (h/8) T H E N LE 8 6 0 LET yl-y+(r«="x" A N D y<>31)
T 1-1+1 - < r * = " z - A N D y< >0)
6 6 0 IF ( h / 4 ) - I N T (h/4) T H E N LE 8 7 0 IF 1" A N D y < > 2 0 O R r » = "
T a * - " G C J G G CgCGGG CGgCCC GGGGGG p" T H E N BEEP .002,5: BEEP .002,
GGGGG' 20
661 IF h - 8 T H E N POKE 32296,9: 880 PRINT INK 8J PAPER 8;AT x,
POKE 32320,7: POKE 32332,8 y; • "
6 6 2 IF h — 9 T H E N POKE 32296,1^: 8 9 0 LET t=USR 32295
POKE 32320,8: POKE 32332,9 900 LET x=xl: LET y-yl
6 6 3 IF h - 1 0 T H E N POKE 32296,11 9 1 0 IF S C R E E N * <x,y) = " THEN G
: POKE 32320,9: POKE 32332,10 O TO 2 0 0 0
6 6 4 IF h - 1 1 T H E N POKE 32296,12 920 PRINT INK 8; P A P E R 8;AT x,
: P O K E 3232£?,1£J: P O K E 3 2 3 3 2 , 1 1 y;"E"
6 6 5 If- h = 12 T H E N POKE 32296,13 9 3 0 GO TO 8 3 5
: P O K E .52320,11: P O K E 3 2 3 3 2 , 1 2 2 0 0 0 IF t i = 4 4 T H E N P R I N T A T 10,
i£>0 JF h- 13 T H E N POKE 32296,14 0; P A P E R 6; INK 0; F L A S H 1 » " T I M E
: POKE 32320,12: POKE 32332,13 = • : G O TO 2 0 0 2
i 6 7 IF h — 1 4 T H E N POKE 32296,15 2001 PRINT INK 81 P A P E R 8; O V E R
: POKE 32320,13: POKE 32332,14 11 F L A S H l;AT x , y ; " F "
6 6 3 IT h = 15 T H E N POKE 32320,14 2004 LET j1-0
: POKE 32332,15 2 0 0 5 F O R m-1 TO 100: N E X T H
6 6 9 IF h = 1 6 T H E N POKE 32320,15 2006 PRINT O V E R 1J INK 8; P A P E R
6 8 0 F O R v ~ 1 T O 5 : F O R m=l TO 5: 8{ F L A S H 0 ; A T x , y * » F "
N E X T m: B E E P . 0 0 3 , 0 : B E E P .003, 2 0 1 0 F O R m — x TO 2 0
10: B E E P . 0 0 3 , 2 0 : B E E P . 0 0 3 , 3 0 : 2020 PRINT O V E R 1; INK 81 P A P E R
BEEP .003,40: BEEP .003,30: BEEP 8;AT w,yf-F-
.003,20: B E E P .003,10: B E E P .00 2 0 2 5 B E E P .01
3,0: NEXT v 2030 PRINT O V E R If INK 8} P A P E R
6 8 5 LET ti=184: P R I N T AT 10,0; 8| AT w,y;"F-
INK 0 | P A P E R 6 f " T I * E = " : P L O T IN 2040 NEXT h

118 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 SPECTRUM GAME
Green boing machine code.
SSSBBSiSi i)).ii,mnmi Please refer to text.
***** ** ***** *****
\MUMUMUm (3JLHMJO G

(JJMJUB CTjfBlB GH
****** ** **** ****
- - - L E U E L » S

+ murn*

em v m m

Score-230 L i v e s - 2 Hiscore -120

2 0 4 1 L E T 1 * 1 - 1

2 0 4 2 P R I N T A T 2 1 , 1 8 * P A P E R 3* IN
K 01 1
2 0 4 3 IF 1 = 0 T H E N GO TO 2 0 6 0
2 0 4 5 L E T t i = 1 8 4 : P R I N T A T 10,0?
INK 0 | P A P E R 6 » " T I H E = " : P L O T IN
K 3!45,91I DRAW INK 3 * 1 3 9 , 0
2050 GO TO 800
2 0 6 0 P R I N T A T 2 0 , 1 1 ) INK 2* P A P E
R 6;"Game Over"
2 0 6 1 IF s > h i T H E N LET hi=s
2 0 6 5 P R I N T A T 0 , 0 ! P A P E R 4i INK
0; F L A S H 1 | " PRESS ANY KEY T
O START
2 1 0 0 GO TO 12
5 0 0 0 P R I N T A T 8 , 0 1 INK 3 | P A P E R
5J O V E R 1 ; "
•

5010 RETURN
5011 PRINT AT 2,0} INK 3* PAPER
5; O V E R 1|"
": RETURN
5 0 1 2 P R I N T AT 2 , 0 | INK 1* PAPER
5 i O V E R 1J "
": RETURN
5 0 1 3 PRINT AT 2 , 0 * INK 0* PAPER
5* O V E R U "
Graphic Entry Program
•: LET td=0: RETURN
5025 PRINT AT 8 , 0 ; INK 1* P A P E R
5* O V E R 1 * " n
• 10 F O R USR "a" TO USR a" +
168
5040 RETURN
20 INPUT b
5110 PRINT AT 8,0| OVER 1| INK 0
30 POKE a,b
* PAPER 51"
40 NEXT a

5120 LET tc-0: RETURN

9 9 9 8 C L E A R 3 2 2 4 3 : P A P E R 02 B O R D E Machine Code Entry Program
R 0 : INK 0 : C L S : B R I G H T 0 : PRIN
T A T 1 0 , 6 * P A P E R 2* INK 6{ F L A S H
1|"Please Malt a moment": LOAD 5 CLEAR 32243
"•CODE : LOAD ""CODE : RUN 10 FOR a = 3 2 2 4 4 TO 32392
9 9 9 9 S A V E " F r o g g y 2" L I N E 9 9 9 8 : 20 INPUT b
S A V E " m c " C O D E 3 2 2 4 3 , 1 4 9 : S A V E "u 30 POKE a,b
dg"CODE USR "a",168 40 NEXT a

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY,MARCH 1 9 8 5 119

 ISPECTRUM PROGRAMMING!

Mr w Simister of Haverford west

describes in graphic detail some useful
ideas.
A m o n g the m a n y problems fac- each of the 7 0 4 positions
ing w o u l d - b e p r o g r a m m e r s — 1 ( 4 4 6 2 5 points in all the c o m -
particularly those w i s h i n g to 2 6 3 1 plete screen). The b o t t o m (or x |
8 4 2 6 8 4 2 1
w r i t e ' g a m e s ' programs — is c o l u m n s of pixels run f r o m 0 t o
t h a t of f u r n i s h i n g the screen 1 1 1 224 2 5 5 , left t o right. The right hand
w i t h suitable c h a r a c t e r s ; b o t h t o side (or y ) r o w s of pixels run
reduce the e m p t i n e s s of the 1 16 from 0 to 1 7 5 , bottom to top.
screen, a n d t o provide more life- Therefore PLOT x , y : means
like c h a r a c t e r s in the g a m e . This 1 32 position pixel 6 4 , pixels 4 8 T O
is one of t h e simplest parts of 1 1 2 8 steps apart (because in
p r o g r a m m i n g t h e ZX S p e c t r u m , 1 1 1 1 1 124 t h e previous line x and y had
f o r it requires just three t h i n g s : been g i v e n t h o s e values). The
The ability t o reduce a shape t o a 1 1 1 1 1 1 126 STEP 8 means t h a t w h e n a line
series of n u m b e r s ; a k n o w l e d g e has been d r a w n the next line is
of h o w t h e FOR-NEXT l o o p 1 1 1 1 1 1 63 t o be 8 pixels f r o m t h a t , and so
operates; and a k n o w l e d g e of o n until the entire 4 8 t o 1 1 2 has
h o w to use the P R I N T - A T 1 1 1 1 15
been used up. T h a t repetition
command. has been put i n t o e f f e c t by
1 4
T o deal w i t h the first require- NEXT y , w h i c h c o m m a n d s the
m e n t t have w r i t t e n a small sub- c o m p u t e r t o go back t o the first
Fig. 1 Sampler character design grid
routine w h i c h appears before line until all the plots b e t w e e n
the main program, enter 4 8 t o 11 2 have been filled.
Sampler, RUN it, and t h e n s t u d y 15,4 - and - D A T A BIN been run o n c e , the letter w i l l T h e position of those n u m b e r s
the checker board square in the 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 , BIN 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 , have t a k e n over the character of e a c h side of the c o m m a is very
c e n t r e of the screen. It is s h o w n BIN 00 10 0 0 0 0 , BIN the D A T A y o u t y p e d in. If y o u i m p o r t a n t . They reflect the x,y
in figure 1. There are 8 squares 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 , BIN 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 , are using a lot of characters y o u p o s i t i o n . 6 4 , 0 means t h a t a
by 8 squares. A t the t o p are BIN 00111111, BIN m a y f o r g e t t h e m . Such REM horizontal line is d r a w n f r o m
s o m e n u m b e r s , w h i c h are read 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 , BIN 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 . reminders m u s t only be at the LEFT t o right; 0 , 6 4 means t h a t a
f r o m t o p t o b o t t o m , and then left Either w a y w i l l w o r k , but I prefer e n d of a line (unless on their vertical line is d r a w n f r o m bot-
to right. They are to use d e c i m a l numbers. o w n ) for the c o m p u t e r w i l l ig- t o m t o t o p , - 6 4 , 0 w o u l d pro-
1 2 8 , 6 4 , 3 2 , 1 6 , 8 , 4 , 2 , 1 . From H o w e v e r , using D A T A BIN the nore a n y t h i n g in the line after d u c e a h o r i z o n t a l line f r o m
right t o left they are (1), double c o m p u t e r w o r k s slightly f a s t e r . REM. RIGHT to left; and 0 , - 6 4
that (2), double t h a t {4), double A d i f f e r e n t set of FOR-NEXT w o u l d produce a vertical line
that (8), double t h a t (1 6 ) , a n d so loops is s h o w n in lines 5 0 7 0 TO from top to bottom. Draw
on to the e n d . T h e y indicate the LOOPS 5 0 8 5 . There they are used t o 6 4 , 6 4 w o u l d i n s t r u c t the c o m -
value of any filled-in square in d r a w the lines f o r m i n g the 8 x 8 puter t o d r a w a line diagonally
the c o l u m n b e l o w t h e m . FOR-NEXT loops are equally square. Those t w o loops should u p w a r d s t o the right.
T h e n u m b e r s t o t h e right of simple t o u n d e r s t a n d . T o make a be c o m p a r e d f o r their dif-
the squares are the totals of t h e g r a p h i c c h a r a c t e r w e use 4 ferences, for one d r a w s horizon-
filled-in squares in t h a t r o w . The c o m m a n d s : FOR x = 0 T O tal lines f r o m left t o right, a n d Other commands
first (top) r o w is 2 2 4 , w h i c h is 7 : ( w h i c h means x stands for the the other d r a w s the vertical lines
the t o t a l of 1 2 8 + 6 4 + 3 2 . The 8 r o w s of 8 squares; READ y : from b o t t o m to top. The T h a t is e n o u g h a b o u t FOR-NEXT
s e c o n d r o w is 1 6 , a n d so o n (this means the place w h e r e t h e horizontal lines are g o v e r n e d by: loops f o r the m o m e n t . N o w
d o w n the right h a n d side of the computer will store the 5 0 7 0 LET x = 6 4 : F o r y - 4 8 TO press P for the s e c o n d SUB-
square. character); POKE USR " A " + x,- 1 12 STEP 8 a n d b y : 5 0 7 5 ROUTINE: the PRINT-AT c o m -
Those figures o n the right y : (means t h a t A w i l l be used t o PLOT x , y : Draw 6 4 , 0 : NEXT y m a n d s . S t u d y the screen w e l l
hand side are the o n e s used s t a n d f o r the graphic c h a r a c t e r F i r s t of a l l it m u s t be ( s h o w n in figure 2), T h e position
( f r o m t o p t o b o t t o m ) in the — b u t only w h e n it is entered in understood that PLOT-DRAW where any letter/
D A T A line. T h e y are e n t e r e d as the graphic m o d e ) ; NEXT x tells c o m m a n d s m a k e the c o m p u t e r c h a r a c t e r / n u m b e r can be placed
y o u w i l l see in the p r o g r a m at t h e c o m p u t e r t o g o back t o the look f o r a 'pixel' n u m b e r . In each is indicated b y a single d o t . Look
line 3 0 0 . T o list the p r o g r a m previous 'FOR x ' p o s i t i o n and one of the squares, in the 8 x 8 at r o w 1 2 (line 5 5 7 0 ) . Each dot
again use BREAK, a n d t h e n LIST repeat the loop a f u r t h e r 7 t i m e s , square w e are w o r k i n g on, are 8 i n t h a t s t a t e m e n t c o u l d be
ENTER. There are p r o g r a m m e r s c o l l e c t i n g the D A T A f o r each r o w s of 8 pixels in each r o w . replaced by a space, for spaces
w h o use the ' B I N 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 ' r o w in s u c c e s s i o n until all 8 PRINT-AT commands (which enclosed by double q u o t e s are
f o r m a t f o r their D A T A lines, but r o w s are filled. w i l l be explained later) deal w i t h a l w a y s recognised by the c o m -
t h e y are harder t o e n t e r . Study REM A (or B,C, or D) is a the 7 0 4 position o n the c o m - p u t e r . 1 h a v e used a dot b e t w e e n
the d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n ; 1 6 0 reminder t o yourself w h i c h letter plete screen. P L O T - D R A W c o m - ' ' and ' f i r s t ' , but spaces bet-
D A T A y o u u s e d f o r this c h a r a c t e r , m a n d s deal w i t h the 6 4 pixels w e e n ' f i r s t ' & 'OR' & ' x ' . Alter-
224,1 6,32,1 24,1 26,63, b e c a u s e after the p r o g r a m has (points t h a t can be d r a w n ) in natively, if there w e r e a lot of

120 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1 9 8 5

 SPECTRUM PROGRAMMING
spaces t o insert, the line c o u l d j o u r n e y . It does t h a t , and t h e n ,
read: 5 5 7 0 PRINT A T 1 2 , 0 ; 0123455789 i, o n to 31 being fulfilled, it goes o n t o the
l i , t t t i a Y i i i i t l i > < l l « > * * < > i i i < >
" 1 2 " ; AT 12,5; " (s) next line. A t 1 0 2 0 a second set
f i r s t ( s ) o r ( s ) x " . In this c o n t e x t (s)
2 second or Y ..... of FOR-NEXt loops (e and f),
s t a n d s f o r a s p a c e . Notice the m a k e t h e e l e p h a n t travelling
s e m i - c o l o n before A T in the se- 5 SCREEN X ,Y POSITIONS f r o m right to left make 2
c o n d part of t h e line. 6 journeys also. T h e n , w i t h loop a
P r o g r a m m e r s i n t e r e s t e d in 7 still u n c o m p l e t e d , it returns t o
sub-routines s h o u l d s t u d y line 1 0 1 0 , and does it all again, so
5 0 5 : G O S U B 5 0 0 0 . This, c o m - that loop a also is c o m p l e t e d .
i n g a f t e r t h e c o m p u t e r has 10 T h e n it passes on to the n e x t
d i g e s t e d the long list of graphics section.
(so t h a t one of these can be used i s . . i . f i rs t o r X It is w e l l w o r t h w h i l e t o enter
in the sub-routine) tells it t o skip
13 RUN 1 0 0 0 ENTER t o w a t c h this
the rest for the m o m e n t , and
14- on its o w n , A n y s e c t i o n of this
G O T O 5 0 0 0 . N o w scroll the
15 y o u can position........ entire p r o g r a m can be selected
16,.. . . . a n y t h i n g anywhere.......
p r o g r a m on t o line 5 0 0 0 . This is 1 7 . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . * . in a similar w a y t o s t u d y it. M y
the first p r o g r a m t o appear o n l O . . , . usual practice w h e n w o r k i n g o n
t h e screen. A t line 5 0 9 5 it in- 19 a s e c t i o n is t o LIST 1 0 0 0 (or
s t r u c t s the c o m p u t e r t o print SO w h i c h e v e r line 1 w a n t ) . It is sim-
"Press P for next p r o g r a m " : SI. .press M for wain program... ple t h e n t o bring d o w n each line
PAUSE 5 0 0 0 . in t u r n , c o n v e r t its number t o
This pause is a b o u t 1 Kh m i n u t e s Fig.2 Example Screen of Sampler PRINT A T option one w e l l b e y o n d the p r o g r a m -
long (50 is a b o u t 1 s e c o n d } and say 9 0 0 0 — and w o r k on it
ensures t h a t the user w i l l have there w i t h o u t upsetting the
s o m e t i m e to s t u d y the screen. If 1 0 1 0 . It provides a g o o d e x a m - the s e c o n d elephant (from right main p r o g r a m . W h e n finished,
y o u need longer, then alter that ple of nested F O R - N E X T l o o p s : a t o left). That has PAUSE 2 . Try t h e lines c a n be o b l i t e r a t e d
pause t o 5 0 0 0 0 , a n d y o u ' l l t h e n is o u t s i d e t w o other loops; b t o altering either of these pauses t o ( 9 0 0 0 ENTER and so on) or t h e y
have 1 6 Vi m i n u t e s . m a k e elephant " C " travel 2 1 or 5 , a n d n o t e the d i f f e r e n c e . can be used to replace the lines
Line 5 1 0 0 b r i n g s in t h e j o u r n e y s , and c to m a k e him This is a g o o d w a y t o c o n t r o l t h e y c a m e f r o m by r e n u m b e r i n g
INKEY$ c o m m a n d . IFINKEY$ = travel f r o m left t o right. In line speed. t h e m back t o their original
" P " (this means t h a t if y o u 1 0 1 5 the elephant ( n o w A$ ) is T o c o n t i n u e w i t h the FOR- numbers.
press P) THEN C L S : ( w h i c h printed at r o w 1 2 , c times (0 TO NEXT loops. A f t e r the PRINT- In order t o s t u d y t h e w a y in
means clear the screen). T h e n 3 1 ) , a n d behind him spaces are A T s t a t e m e n t s is N E X T c : w h i c h FOR-NEXT loops can be
c o m e s GOTO 5 5 0 0 (next pro- printed t o p r e v e n t a r o w of PAUSE 2 0 : NEXT b. The pause nested look at figure 3 w h i c h is
g r a m ) . N o t i c e t h e use of ' O R ' : IF elephants being left on the of 2 0 (less than '/i a second) a n e x a m p l e of the lines 1 0 1 0 t o
INKEY$ = " P " OR INKEY$ - screen. N o w , in b e t w e e n these a l l o w s a tiny interval b e t w e e n its 1 0 2 5 , r e w r i t t e n to separate out
" p " . This ensures t h a t if y o u t w o print s t a t e m e n t s , is PAUSE disappearance o n the right, a n d all the s e c t i o n s of a line t h a t are
press either P or p it w i l l proceed 3 : T h i s s h o u l d be s t u d i e d . its reappearance o n the left. You separated by a c o l o n . You w i l l
t o 5 5 0 0 . In this s e c o n d sub- W i t h o u t t h a t pause the elephant c o u l d use PAUSE 3 0 instead. see t h a t brackets have been us-
routine t h e end line, after clear- w o u l d flicker across the screen NEXT b directs the c o m p u t e r ed t o join t o g e t h e r all the FOR-
ing the screen, says three times as f a s t . Note the back to line 1 0 1 0 , and it finds NEXT loops a c c o r d i n g to their
s i m p l y : R E T U R N . A t this c o m - slight d i f f e r e n c e in m o v e m e n t of t h a t the elephant m u s t repeat its letter. Letter 'a' encloses the lot,
m a n d ( w h i c h is p a r t o f a
G O S U B - R E T U R N r o u t i n e ) the
c o m p u t e r goes back t o the line 9000 FOR a = 0 TO 1
after the G O S U B c o m m a n d . So
9001 FOR b = 0 TO 1
it goes back t o 6 0 0 (the line
after 5 0 5 GOSUB 5 0 0 0 ) and 9 0 0 2 FOR c = 0 TO 31
this is the main p r o g r a m . The M
scene is set w i t h bushes a n d 9003 LET AS = "C
trees in green, a n d the animals 900** PRINT AT 12,c; AS
are put in a f t e r w a r d s (so t h a t
t h e y can be a d i f f e r e n t colour).
9005 PAUSE 3
In the PRINT-AT c o m m a n d s for 9006 PRINT AT 12,c; " "
the bushes a space (or spaces) is
used b e t w e e n c h a r a c t e r s . In the
9007 NEXT c
PRINT-AT c o m m a n d s for the 9008 PAUSE 20
animals (lines 8 1 0 t o 8 4 0 ) t h e y
are placed at specific p o i n t s t o
9009 NEXT b
a v o i d any spaces b l o t t i n g out 9010 FOR e = 0 TO 1
previously placed green bushes.
The use of a p l o t t i n g b o a r d is
9011 LET BS = »B"
a l m o s t essential w h e n placing 9012 FOR f = 31 TO 0 STEP -1
characters m a d e of more t h a n 1
letter (like the larger elephant). I
9013 PRINT AT B£
got mine f r o m J.S.E. of Bradford 901^ PAUSE 2
o n A v o n . These f o u r letters,
M N L O , had t o be placed o n 2
9015 PRINT AT 14,f; " "
lines: M N a b o v e LO. Y o u will see 9016 NEXT f
that this is d o n e in lines 8 2 5 ,
8 3 0 and 8 3 5 , 8 4 0 .
9017 PAUSE 20
9018 NEXT e I
9019 PAUSE 20
Motion 9020 NEXT a
T h e first m o v e m e n t in the pro- Fig.3. Nested FOR-NEXT loop structure.
g r a m is n o w s t a r t e d in line •
ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY.MARCH 1 9 8 5 121
 ISPECTRUM PROGRAMMING!
while inside 'a' are t w o nested deer runs t h r o u g h the w o o d , left 215 F O R x = 0 TO 7t R E A D yl POKE
loops: ' c ' inside ' b ' . , and ' f ' in- t o right, startling a large running
USR " £ " + x , y : N E X T x: R E M B Eleph
side ' e ' . Study this, and w a t c h it bird that doubled back t o w a r d s
w o r k i n g . You s h o u l d never the left. In this program it is an t
again be puzzled by FOR-NEXT repeated w i t h a FOR-NEXT loop 220 DATA 0,48,56,126,95,159,18,
loops. (0 TO 5 ) , so that the user can
13
The next m o v e m e n t , lines s t u d y it, but in actual use it could
1 5 0 0 t o 1 5 5 0 , is a flock of birds be just a single instance (by leav- 225 FOR x=0 TO 7: R E A D y: POKE
flying for right t o l e f t . Their ing o u t the FOR-NEXT loop). USR "£"*x,y: N E X T x: R E M C Eleph
m o v e m e n t is controlled by the In Lines 2 5 0 0 t o 2 5 3 5 the
ant
Spectrum 'String Slicing' program reverts t o the original
t e c h n i q u e (an e x p l a n a t i o n of slicing technique, but w i t h a 230 DATA 0,12,28,126,250,249,72
w h i c h is on page 5 1 of the single bird this time. It is a fairly ,72
manual). Of considerable impor s m o o t h sort of m o v e m e n t , and a
235 F O R x = 0 TO 7: R E A D y: P O K E
tance is the grouping of the birds careful comparison of line 2 5 2 5
t o make a f l o c k . w i t h lines 1 5 2 5 and 1 5 3 0 may USR "El"+x,y: N E X T x: R E M D T r e e
The D A T A for bird " H " in line w e l l give the user other ideas for 240 DATA 16,56,56,124,124,254,1
2 6 0 h a s t h r e e O s a t i t s e n d , thus its use.
6,16
lifting the bird's image t o the top The final m o v e m e n t in the
of the 8 x 8 square of pixels. If p r o g r a m is a c h i e v e d in lines 2 4 5 F O R x = 0 TO 7: R E A D y\ POKE
another letter is chosen t o carry 3 0 0 0 t o 3 0 6 0 . It is a frenzied U S R "£" + x , y : N E X T x: R E M E D e e r
another graphic (in this case " J " running b a c k w a r d and f o r w a r d
250 DATA 16,32,64,224,127,63,50
in line 2 8 0 ) and t h o s e three 0 s by t w o deer. W i t h o u t the FOR-
are transferred t o the beginning NEXT l o o p ( 0 T O 4 ) the t w o d e e r ,82
of the D A T A line for that bird, w o u l d m a k e only one visit (there 255 F O R x = 0 TO 7: R E A D y\ POKE
then it will appear at the b o t t o m and back). W i t h an increased
USR " a " + x , y : N E X T x: R E M H
of the pixel square. Quite a dif- number in line 3 0 2 0 (0 TO
ference in level. A judicious 5 0 0 ?) they w o u l d continue that 260 DATA 4,72,223,62,8,0,0,0
Sprinkling of H & J (in graphic a number of times. You w o u l d 265 F O R x = 0 TO 7: R E A D y! P O K E
m o d e , of course) along line be tired long before they w o u l d .
USR "i"+ x , y : N E X T x: R E M I
1 5 0 5 gives t w o levels of bird:
1 5 0 5 LET H$ - " H J J H J H J H
J J H - and so o n " . In line 1 5 2 0 ,
Finally... 270 DATA 3 , 4 , 2 , 7 , 2 5 4 , 2 5 2 , 7 6 , 7 4
275 F O R x = 0 TO 7: R E A D y: P O K E
the PRINT-AT line, w e can n o w USR " J j"+x,y: N E X T x: R E M J
print three r o w s of H$ or J$ or A t the end of the program the
b o t h (see line 1 5 1 0 LET J$ = graphics used are displayed on 280 DATA 0 , 0 , 0 , 4 , 7 2 , 2 2 3 , 6 2 , 3
H$ ) and produce a flock of birds. the screen t o signal the end. But 285 F O R x = 0 TO 7: R E A D y: P O K E
The actual m o v e m e n t is con- it need not be the end for y o u .
Remember that all the sections USR " K " + x , y : N E X T x: R E M K
trolled by lines 1 5 2 5 and 1 5 3 0 .
Lines 1 5 4 0 t o 1 5 5 0 , printing will run separately, s o w h a t is t o 290 DATA 0 , 0 , 2 , 7 , 1 2 6 , 2 5 2 , 7 6 , 1 4 6
" s p a c e s " , are there t o clear the s t o p y o u e x t r a c t i n g a section, 295 F O R x —0 TO 7: R E A D y: P O K E
screen before the next display., making different graphics for it
(and the possibilities in t h a t line USR " & " + x , y : N E X T x: R E M P
Using CLS here w o u l d clear
a w a y the bushes a n d trees. are e n o r m o u s ) and so producing 300 DATA 2 2 4 , 1 6 , 3 2 , 1 2 4 , 1 2 6 , 6 3 , 1
a simple g a m e . This program is
called a Sampler, in imitation of 5,4
More wildlife the Victorian ladies w h o produc- 3 0 5 F O R x = 0 TO 7! R E A D yl P O K E
ed canvases on w h i c h w e r e USR " £ " + x , y : N E X T x: R E M S
Lines 2 0 0 0 t o 2 0 6 5 are an m a n y kinds of s t i t c h — for their
amusing interjection, again us- future reference. I hope y o u will 310 DATA 2 4 , 1 2 6 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 1 2 6
ing the string slicing m e t h o d . A find this sampler as useful. ,24,24
4 0 0 REM M a k i n g larger g r a p h i c s
********************************
1 REM ***********************
*Underlined characters* *
* a r e e n t e r e d in * 4 0 5 F O R x —0 TO 7: R E A D y: P O K E
•GRAPHICS mode. * USR + x , y : N E X T x: R E M F
*********************** 4 1 0 DATA 16,96,224,160,32,32,43
10 R E M S a m p l e r -for p r o g r a m m e r s , 56'
********************************
4 1 5 F O R x = 0 TO 7: R E A D y: P O K E
2 0 R E M W Si m i s t e r * * * * * * * * * * * * U S R " £ " + x , y : N E X T xl R E M G
********************************
4 2 0 DATA 61,63,63,55,51,51,99,9
30 REM T h i s P O K E m a k e s the key 9
s BEEP * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4 2 5 F O R x = 0 TO 7: R E A D yl POKE
4 0 P O K E 2 3 6 0 9 , 2 5 5 : B O R D E R 5: I U S R " L " + x , y : N E X T x: R E M L
NK P 430 DATA 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 3 1 , 6 3 , 1 2 7
200 REM Making single g r a p h i c s 4 3 5 F O R x —0 TO 7: R E A D y: P O K E
********************************
U S R " £ T + x , y : N E X T x! R E M M
2 0 5 F O R x = 0 TO 7: R E A D y\ POKE 440 DATA 0 , 0 , 1 1 2 , 2 4 0 , 2 4 8 , 2 5 2 , 2 5
U S R 1 flM+x,y: N E X T x: R E M A C o c k e 2, 2 5 2
re 1 4 4 5 F O R x = 0 TO 7: R E A D y: P O K E
210 DATA 48,225,49,62,62,28,20, U S R "fcl"+x,y: N E X T x: R E M N
34 450 DATA 255,255,255,255,113,96

122 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 ISPECTRUM PROGRAMMING!
,96,96 ; ; A T 18,28;"OR"
4 5 5 F O R x = 0 T O 7: R E A D y\ POKE 8 3 0 P R I N T AT 1 9 , 6 ; "HQ" ; AT 1 9 , 1 5
USR " Q " + x , y : N E X T x: R E M 0 ;"x";AT 19,22;"a"
460 DATA 2 2 2 , 2 0 6 , 1 9 9 , 1 9 5 , 1 9 5 , 1 9 8 3 5 P R I N T AT 2 0 , 5 ; "LXl"
8,192,192 8 4 0 P R I N T AT 2 1 , 5 ; "HQ" ; AT 2 1 , 1 8
4 6 5 F O R x ~ 0 TO 7: R E A D y: P O K E ;"a";AT 21,21;"E"
U S R "fl"+x,y: N E X T xl R E M Q 1 0 0 0 REM F O R - N E X T l o o p s * * * * * * *
4 7 0 DATA 120,255,31,15,24,40,40 1005 REM Note the p a u s e s * * * * * * *
********************************
,24
4 7 5 F O R x = 0 T O 7'. R E A D y\ POKE 1 0 1 0 FOR a = 0 TO l: F O R b = 0 TO i:
USR H
E " + x , y : N E X T x'. R E M R F O R c = 0 T O 31
480 DATA 0 , 2 2 4 , 2 4 0 , 2 4 8 , 1 0 0 , 8 2 , 8 1 0 1 5 L E T A$="£.": P R I N T AT 1 2 , c ; A
1 , 208 P A U S E 3: P R I N T AT 12,cJ " »: N
4 8 5 F O R x = 0 TO 7: R E A D y: P O K E E X T c: P A U S E 2 0 : N E X T b
USR "I" + x , y : N E X T x: R E M T 1 0 2 0 F O R e = 0 TO 1! L E T B$="ft": F
490 DATA 2 4 , 6 0 , 6 0 , 1 2 6 , 1 2 6 , 1 2 6 , 2 OR -f =31 TO 0 S T E P - l : P R I N T AT 1
55,255 P A U S E 2: P R I N T AT 1 4 , + ; "
": N E X T i
4 9 5 F O R x = 0 T O 7\ R E A D y: P O K E
1 0 2 5 P A U S E 2 0 : N E X T e: P A U S E 2 0 :
USR " U " + x , y : N E X T x: R E M U
NEXT a
500 DATA 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 1 2 6 , 6 0
,24,24 1 5 0 0 REM U s i n g S p e c t r u m s l i c i n g
505 GO SUB 5 0 0 0 m e t h o d for a s t r i n g * * * * * * * * * * * *
********************************
6 0 0 R E M N o w set t h e s c e n e * * * * *
******************************** 1505 LET H$="tU JfcL JHg fcl HH
J H J J H "
605 REM Note where colour (INK
4) is i n t r o d u c e d *************** 1510 LET J$=H$
******************************** 1 5 1 5 F O R x = 0 TO 5 0
l» c 1 5 2 0 P R I N T AT 3 , 0 ; INK 1 ; H $ ; A T 4
610 P R I N T AT 10,0 INK 4 •tat
, 0 ; J * ; A T 2 , 0 ; j * < 3 TO ) + J $ ( l TO
ft a & ft a a ft"
2)
615 P R I N T AT 11,1 INK 4 " f t

ft S ft a £ a ft a 1525 LET H$=H$<2 TO )+H*(l)

6 2 0 P R I N T AT 1 3 , 0 INK " a
1530 LET JS=J$<3 TO ) + H S ( l TO 2
>
ft ft a a a ft a
1535 N E X T x-
625 PRINT AT 15,2 INK "ft a
1540 PRINT AT 2,0;"
ft ft a ft a ft X ft"
6 3 0 P R I N T AT 16,1 INK 4 "ft
£ 1545 PRINT AT 3,0;"
x •a ft ft"
IV
635 PRINT AT 17,4 INK 4 "ft Uft
E> a ft a ft a" 1550 PRINT AT 4,0;"
H
640 PRINT AT 18,2 INK 4 " a
ft x a" 2 0 0 0 R E M S l i c i n g in 2 d i r e c t i o n s
********************************
645 PRINT A T 1199,,00; INK 4;"ft
ft a ft ft ft ft x ft ft" 2005 LET B$="
650 PRINT AT 20,2; INK 4;"X XX "
a ft ft ft
ft u a" 2 0 1 0 F O R x = 0 TO 5
6 5 5 P R I N T AT
AT 21,2} INK 4; "LI a 2015 LET 1=LEN B$
ft a ft a ft a ft fta" 2 0 2 0 F O R i = 2 TO < 1-1 >
8 0 0 R E M N o w p l a c e the s t i l l ani 2 0 2 5 P R I N T AT 1 2 , 0 5 B $ ( (1 - i ) TO 1
m a Is * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * )
8 0 5 REM S o m e with one g r a p h i c 1 2 0 3 0 P R I N T AT 1 2 , 2 6 ; "
e t t e r and o t h e r s w i t h m o r e * * * * * 2035 NEXT i
******************************** 2040 LET C*="
810 PRINT AT 15, 3! "ii" J A T 15,Si" a "
H" 2 0 4 5 L E T 1= L E N C S
8 1 5 P R I N T A T 16,4;"Ji";AT 1 6 , 9 ; " 2 0 5 0 F O R j = ( l - l ) TO 2 S T E P -1
Z" i A T 1 6 , 2 7 ; "£" 2 0 5 5 P R I N T AT 1 4 . S ; C $ ( (1 -j ) TO 1
8 2 0 P R I N T A T 17 , 2 5 *'i" ; AT 1 7 , 2 3 ; )
" E " ; A T 17,27;"ft" 2 0 6 0 P R I N T AT 1 4 , 0 ; "
8 2 5 P R I N T AT 1 8 , 6 ; " L H " j AT 1 8 , 2 4 2 0 6 5 N E X T j: N E X T x

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY.MARCH 1 9 8 5 123

 ISPECTRUM PROGRAMMING!
2 5 0 0 REM S l i c i n g *************** 5085 P L O T x,y: DRAW 0,64: N E X T x
********************************
5090 P R I N T AT 1 7 , 0 ; " E H E E EE
2505 FOR x=0 TO 173 E EE E E PPPP "
2510 LET 5 0 9 5 P R I N T AT 2 0 , 0 ; " P r e s s P for
ti " next p r o g r a m " : P A U S E 5 0 0 0
2515 FOR x = 0 TO 178 5 1 0 0 IF I N K E Y $ = " P " OR I N K E Y $ = " p
2520 PRINT AT 9,0; " THEN C L S : GO TO 5 5 0 0
2525 L E T D $ = D $ < 2 TO )+D$(l) 5 5 0 0 REM Board p l o t t i n g p o s i t i o n
2530 NEXT x s*******************************
2535 P R I N T AT 9 , 0 ; "
H
5510 PRINT AT 0,0;"0123456789 £<
3000 REM Slicing *************** o n to 31 "
3 0 0 5 R E M H u r r i e d to & + r o rnoveme 5515 PRINT AT 1 , 0 ; "1
nt *****************************
3010 LET a$=" 5520 PRINT AT 2,0J"2 second
i i " or Y "
3015 LET 5525 PRINT AT 3 , 0 ; "3
"

3020 F O R x = 0 TO 4 5530 PRINT AT 4,0;"4

3025 L E T 1= L E N a $
3030 FOR i = 0 TO (1-1) 5 5 3 5 P R I N T AT 5 , 0 ; "5 SCREEN
3035 PRINT AT 14,0|a«t(1-i) TO 1 X, Y P O S I T I O N S "
) 5 5 4 0 P R I N T AT 6 , 0 ; "6
3040 NEXT i
3045 F O R j = ( l - l ) TO 0 S T E P -1 5545 PRINT AT 7 , 0 ; "7
3050 P R I N T AT 1 4 , 0 5 b $ < ( 1 - j ) TO M
) 5550 PRINT AT 8, 0; "8
3055 NEXT J >1
3 0 6 0 N E X T x: C L S : P A U S E 2 0 5555 PRINT AT 9 , 0 ; "9
4 0 0 0 REM F i n i s h i n g s t a t e m e n t * * * It

********************************
5560 PRINT AT 10,0;"10
«
4 0 1 0 PRINT AT 1 0 , 1 ; " T h e s e are th
e graphics i n this program" 5565 PRINT AT 11,0;"11
II
4 0 2 0 P R I N T AT 2 0 , i ; " a a a & £ ti
X J. l i E OR Sl" 5570 PRINT AT 12,0J"12..<.first
4 0 3 0 P R I N T A T 1 7 , 5 ; 1 E. m x" or X "
4 0 4 0 P R I N T A T 1 8 , 5 ; ' Q. H Q i i " 5575 PRINT AT 13,0;"13
4045 STOP
5 0 0 0 REM Making USR g r a p h i c s * * * * 5580 PRINT AT 14,0;"14
********************************

5 0 1 5 P R I N T AT 5,8;"1 5 5 8 5 P R I N T AT 15,0; "15 you c

MAKING" an p o s i t i o n "
5 0 2 0 P R I N T AT 6,8;"2631 5 5 9 0 P R I N T AT 16,0; "16 anyth
USR" ing a n y w h e r e "
5025 PRINT AT 7,8f"84268421 5 5 9 5 P R I N T AT 17,0; "17
GRAPHICS"
5030 PRINT 224" 5600 PRINT AT 18,0$"18.
II
5035 PRINT 16"
5040 PRINT 32" 5605 PRINT AT 19,0;"19,
M
5045 PRINT 124"
5050 PRINT 126" 5610 PRINT AT 20,0!"20,
5055 PRINT 3"
5060 PRINT 15" 5 6 1 5 P R I N T AT 2 1 , 0 5 " 2 1 . . p r e s s M
5065 PRINT 4" for m a i n p r o g r a m PAUSE 500
5 0 7 0 LET x = 64 112 S 0
TEP 8 5 6 2 0 IF I N K E Y $ = " M " OR INKEY*="m"
5 0 7 5 P L O T x,y DRAW 64,0: NEXT y THEN CLS : RETURN
5 0 8 0 F O R x = 6 4 TO 1 2 8 S T E P 8: L E T
y = 48 5630 GO TO 5620

124 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY MARCH 1985

 UntbersUtp ^ofttoare
U N I S T A T U IM I M A X
STATISTICAL P A C K A G E LINEAR P R O G R A M M I N G P A C K A G E

Ml I.TIVAKIATI RUGRKSSIOV Main output consist* .'t estimated coelikienis 1 IM \H PROGRAMMING: \ powerful and insiriKlivc optimisation oroeiam capable
t-slals. sunibnl errors. R' cottecicd R standard error o( regression f sta< md ol handling ail s.>:is ol linear piouraiumiiig problems i mm max. any combination oi ••
Durbin-ttjivtn Mai Further output options mullipk' correlation matrix. var-cuvai -. •- constraints and x,> = ". x,< n. *ign const rainls). Primal, canonical,
malm. AM JVA ol regression, residuals. plot ol residua k uitcr|*itaiion Data options dual and their solutions are displayed lit standard mathematical kirm l>nKninded
L - O g l n option loi cach variable. no-uvnxwnl regression, choice ol dependent variable problem and no feasible sotulmn piompis I dit option (or all inputs Capacity examples
selection of independent variables. auto-omissionol linearly dependent v unable* (variables hv constraints! CBM 6J; HUM. 2sx • 4IH> BBC-B: 1(1x25. 2i v2o J.Xk
Spectrum: )iix45 25xts s.
ANALYSIS (It VARI-VNtT, St VI II H DIAGRAMS \M> TI\IF Sl'.KIlS Pl.OTS:
One-way anil two-way I without inier.ielinn) \N<)V A tables. scalier diagrams of paned MxIRIN OPERATIONS: Inversion, transposition, determinant. pre and post
data and lime series plots with auto Haling mulliplicalion scalar mulliplkanon. addition and subtraction of matrices and vectors
Any output can in itirn he used as the mpui of ihi. next operation without re-typing
STATISTICAL TESTS, (OR R K.I M ION ( OI H U 'll NTS AM) PROBABILITY l)lv Matrices can hi saved or lo.uled ai ,inv st,i£e Datable compatible »n|i IMST AT
TRIBITIOSS: Basle slats on each column ol dala(si/c sum mean variance.M.I dev. I p..vka.:v Capacities I ItM-M; A5x.«. BBt'-B: 2*x2* 4Kk Spreiruiti; 45\4<
Chi-squaie (conlingcncv uble), i (one sample. Iwo sample, paired). I-. Mann-Whitncv
I), and Witcoxon signed rank tests Pearson s. Spearman's i.ink .md Kendall's i.mk corr C'BM-Wulisk i.issi €60. BBC-B (disk cavs) i60,4Hk Spcctrum Imdvcarl L . I S S I 14«.
c*Kls Chi-sk|uare. I, F. binomial. Poisson .ind normal (std . non-std) distributions
Results ol lists and corr RKIS arc displ.ived with si^nilkance less Is
IIESCRIPTIVI-: STATISTICS, FHEQI I M ^ DISTRIIII HONS \NI» HISTOGRAMS A L S O AVAILABLE FOR 4 B K S P E C T R U M
Analysis of raw Jala or data with frequency counts Haw data sorted and erouped I M RODUCIION TO ECONOMICS SET: £25
Choice ol lower bounds and class intervals Absolute. cumulative and relative
frequencies Histograms With up 10 2t«l classes Output displays sum. mean, mean ECONOMICCil OGRAPIIY: £9.95 • BIBLIOFII.I £9.95
deviation, median, variance, sid dev trd am) 4ih moments. skewness, kuriosis. range, POLYNOMIALS: £6.95 • INTEGRATION: £6.95
etc.

All programs ,ire ilatafile compatible with Mains Operations program in I NIMAX To I ' N I S O F T L I M I T E D
package Data matin capacity examples |columns hv tows I CHM-M; 2x12511. 5\Ti>> (Dept. A) 29 SI PETER'S STREET. LONDON Nl 8.JP.
I l l x W i BBC-B; 2 x 7 5 0 . 5x4<*>. | l > x 2 I H . 4Hk Spectrum: 2 x l S I B I . 50*111. ( BM-M TEL: 01-3590978
(disk cassl £H5. BBC-B (disk cas*> CK5,4Hk Sptclrum I miUcarl cast): tWl Prices include V A T ant) delivery within the 1 1 K For orders from ( mope add
t l 5ti. outside burupc £3 (HI per item for airmail i*>st Dealers enquiries welcome

C O M M O D O R E G 4 , B B C - B , 4 8 K S P E C T R U M
$ Comprehensive user m a n u a l F u l l data handling facilities (display. p r i n t , change, save, load)
Jfc A l l results can be printed out #

It's easy to complain

about advertisements.
But which ones?
Every week millions of advertisements appear in print, on posters or
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Most of them comply with the rules contained in the British Code of
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But some of them break the rules and warrant your complaints.
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/
and we'll send you an abridged copy of the Advertising Code,
Then, if an advertisement bothers you, you'll be justified : *
bothering us.

The Advertising Standards Authority.

If an advertisement is wrong, were here to put it right.
ASA Ltd. Dept 2 Brook House. Torrington Place. London WC1E 7HN

This space is donated in the interests of high standards ot advertising.

 ( p r o g r a m m i n g tips!

Conversion tips
A guide to ZX81/Spectrum program conversions
from David Nowotnik.
T h e v e r s i o n s of B A S I C o f f e r e d t r u m (see Table 1). but y o u will have to find some c h a n g e s appear in the t a b l e s .
b y t h e t w o Z X c o m p u t e r s are T h e r e are q u i t e a l o t of c o m - a l t e r n a t i v e for t h e h i g h resolu- A c o m m a n d s u c h as POKE
so similar t h a t m a n y p r o g r a m s mands and functions on the t i o n a n d file I/O c o m m a n d s . USR " a " . . . . o n t h e Spec-
f o r one c a n be u s e d b y t h e Spectrum which are not T h e c o m m a n d PLOT a p p e a r s t r u m i n d i c a t e s User D e f i n e d
o t h e r . T h e 2 X 8 1 has o n l y t w o available o n t h e Z X 8 1 . A list of o n b o t h c o m p u t e r s , b u t t h e ef- G r a p h i c s ; Z X 8 1 users d o n ' t
c o m m a n d s w h i c h are n o t pre- t h e s e appears in Table 4 . T h e fect is q u i t e d i f f e r e n t , so h a v e this f a c i l i t y , so y o u ' l l
sent on the Spectrum, stars indicate those c o m m a n d s b e w a r e ! A n o t h e r t i p : PEEK and h a v e t o o m i t this and use a
S C R O L L and U N P L O T , and a n d f u n c t i o n s for w h i c h t h e r e POKE s h o u l d be used w i t h cau- s t a n d a r d c h a r a c t e r instead.
these should cause you f e w is n o s i m p l e t r a n s l a t i o n t o t i o n . In c o n v e r s i o n , addresses
problems when converting Z X 8 1 B A S I C . T h o s e for c o l o u r w i l l a l m o s t c e r t a i n l y have t o be
Z X 8 1 p r o g r a m s t o t h e Spec- a n d s o u n d c a n be o m m i t t e d ; changed. Some of those

ZX81 Spectrum Comments

SCROLL R A N D O M I S E USR 3 5 8 2 If t h e p r o g r a m uses r a n d o m n u m b e r s , t h e y

or c o u l d b e c o m e rather p r e d i c t a b l e w i t h the first
LET t = USR 3 5 8 2 o p t i o n . If so, use t h e s e c o n d , u s i n g a variable (in this
c a s e t | w h i c h is o t h e r w i s e not used.
PLOT Y , X PRINT A T 2 1 - Y / 2 , X / 2 ; Print t h e a p p r o p r i a t e q u a r t e r square g r a p h i c s
character,
UNPLOT Y,X PRINT A T 2 1 - Y / 2 . X / 2 ; Print a s p a c e , or t h e a p p r o p r i a t e q u a r t e r square
graphics character.

Table 1 ZX81 to Spectrum conversions.

Spectrum ZX81 Comments

BIN BIN a l l o w s the represen-

e g LET y = BIN LET y = ( d e c i m a l no.) t a t i o n of a n u m b e r in
10010101 Conversion to decimal: b i n a r y . O n t h e Z X 8 1 use t h e
10010101 =149 decimal equivalent, but
b e w a r e ; BIN is o f t e n
1 2 8 6 4 3 2 16 8 4 2 1 u s e d w i t h User D e f i n e d
A d d these numbers together w h e n G r a p h i c s , w h i c h are n o t
a 1 appears at t h e a p p r o p r i a t e available o n t h e Z X 8 1 .
p o s i t i o n in b i n a r y .

READ/DATA LET READ a n d D A T A are

eg READ x,y LET X = 5 0 u s e d t o s t o r e a lot of
DATA 50,60 LET Y = 6 0 i n f o r m a t i o n in a p r o g r a m . Use
LET i n s t e a d .

DEF FN a n d FN The defined f u n c t i o n can

eg DEF a(x) = SQR x LET X $ = " S Q R X " appear in a s t r i n g . Use
LET t = FN a(i) LET X = l t h e k e y w o r d f o r built-in
LET T = V A L X $ f u n c t i o n s (eg SQR). T h e
e q u i v a l e n t of FN m a y n e e d 2
lines, as s h o w n .

PLOT no equivalent

SCREEN$
e g LET a = S C R E E N $ x , y LET A = PEEK(PEEK 1 6 3 9 6 Used in i n t e r a c t i v e g a m e s
+ 2 5 6 * PEEK 1 6 3 9 7 + 1 + Y + 3 3 * X) t o d e t e c t c h a r a c t e r s in t h e
display file. N o t e — t h i s
f o r m u l a only w o r k s w h e n a
R A M pack is f i t t e d .
Table 2 Spectrum to ZX81 conversions.

126 ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5

 [PROGRAMMING TIPS)
ZX81 Spectrum Comments
1 FRAMES Both c o m p u t e r s have a counter
POKE 1 6 4 3 6 , 2 5 5 POKE 2 3 6 7 2 , O i P O K E 2 3 6 7 3 , 0 w h i c h a c c u r a t e l y varies b v 5 0
POKE 1 6 4 3 7 , 2 5 5 e v e r y s e c o n d . In t h e e x a m p l e .
LET t = (PEEK 2 3 6 7 2 + 2 5 6 * use t h e f i r s t line t o s t a r t t h e
LET T = 16 5 5 3 5 - PEEK PEEK 2 3 6 7 3 ) / 5 0 ' c l o c k ' . T h e variable T w i l l
1 6 4 3 6 - 2 5 6 * PEEK 1 6 4 3 7 ) h a v e t h e t i m e in s e c o n d s a f t e r
/50 For t i m e s greater t h a n 1 0 the start. The counter can
m i n u t e s , y o u c a n use b y t e only be u s e d for 1 0 m i n u t e s .
2 3 6 7 4 as w e l l .
2 Line n u m b e r zero
C o n v e r t s the f i r s t line of a
POKE 16510,0 POKE 2 3 7 5 6 , 0 p r o g r a m t o line n u m b e r zero.
(As t h e s t a r t of BASIC can w h i c h c a n n o t be e d i t e d , a n d
move, eg w i t h microdrives) so is p r o t e c t e d .
use w i t h c a u t i o n ,
3 RAMTOP
POKE 1 6 3 8 8 , X - 2 5 6 * I N T CLEAR x C r e a t e s a safe area at t h e
(X/256) t o p of R A M s t a r t i n g at a d d r e s s
POKE 1 6 3 8 9 , INT ( X / 2 5 6 ) x, f o r s t o r i n g d a t a , m a c h i n e
Table 3 General interconversion hints. code etc.

•
BEEP
*
FORMAT ATTR
•
BORDER INK BIN
BRIGHT *
INVERSE FN
•
CAT • MERGE IN
•
CIRCLE • MOVE OVER
•
CLOSE • OPEN POINT
DATA OUT SCREEN$
•
DEF FN PAPER VAL$
DRAW * READ
•
ERASE RESTORE
FLASH *
VERIFY
Table 4 Spectrum functions not available on the ZX81.

System variables Conversion Table. LAST K

MARGIN
16421
16424
23560
No Equivalent
MEM 16415 23656
Variable ZX81/ Spectrum/ MEMBOTT 16477 23698
T/S1000 TS2068 MODE 16390 23617
NXTLIN 16425 23637
BREG 16414 23655 OLDPCC 16427 23662
CDFLAG 16443 No Equivalent PPC 16391 23621
CH A D D 16406 23645 PRBUFF 16444 23296
COORDS 16438 23677 PR CC 16440 23680
C O O R D S (Byte 2) 16439 23678 RAMTOP 16388 23730
DEST 16402 23629 SEED 16434 23670
DF CC 16398 23684 SPSN 16441 23688
D FILE 16396 No Equivalent S POSN (Byte 2) 16442 23689
DF SZ 16418 23659 STKBOT 16410 23651
E LINE 16404 23641 STKEND 16412 23653
ERR NR 16384 23610 STOP 16419 23660
E PPC 16294 23625 STRLEN 16430 23666
ERR SP 16386 23613 T-ADDR 16432 23668
FLAGS 16385 23611 VARS 16400 23627
FLAGX 16429 23665 VERSN 16393 No Equivalent
FRAMES 16436 23672 X PTR 16408 23647

ZX COMPUTING FEBRUARY/MARCH 1 9 8 5 127

 ZX COMPUTING
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