Illustration of Events,
Union and
Intersection of Events
Presented by: Belery C. Flaviano
Our Target:
❖ illustrate an event, union and
intersection of events; and
❖ solve problems involving union and
intersection of events.
Try this:
A. Tossing a coin twice B. Throwing a Die and a Coin Together
1. Experiment: Tossing a coin 1. Experiment: Throwing a die and a coin together
2. Outcomes: TT, HH,TH,HT 2. Outcomes: 1T, 1H,2T,2H,3T,3H,4T.4H,5T,5H,6T,6H
3. Sample Space: S = {TT, HH,TH,HT} 3. Sample Space: S = {1T, 1H,2T,2H,3T,3H,4T.4H,5T,5H,6T,6H}
4. Event: {TT}, {HH},{TH},{HT} 4. Event: {1T}, {1H},{2T},{2H},{3T},{3H},{4T}.{4H},{5T},{5H},{6T},{6H}
Experiment – any activity with an
observable result
Outcome – the single result of that
experiment
Sample Space – set of all possible
outcomes of that experiment
- denoted with the symbol S
- cardinality of the sample space or the
total number of possible outcome
denoted with n(S)
Event – subset of sample space; a
specific or collection of outcomes
Simple Events – any event consisting of a single
outcome in the sample space
Compound Events – any event which consist of
more than one outcomes
Venn Diagram
Graphical way of presenting the relationships
between sets. The set is represented by a
closed curve. The region inside the curve
represents the element that belong to the set,
while the region outside the curve represents
the elements that are excluded from the set.
Venn Diagram
A B
Union of Events
- an event that has happened and is always associated with an experiment
- consist of elements belonging to event A, event B or both A and B
- written as (A U B) “A or B”
Venn Diagram
A B
Intersection of Events
- Events are occurring together
- Consist of all elements in event A and event B at the same time
- written as (A ∩ B) “A and B”
Union
the blending of both sets (indicates
“or” ) with mathematical symbol U
Intersection
when the two sets overlap (indicates
“and”) with mathematical symbol ∩
State whether the following
is True or False
If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 4, 5, 6};
Remember to
write each
element once
then A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
State whether the following
is True or False
✓✓ ✓ ✓ ✓✓
If P = {e, l, i, j, a, h} and Q = {a, b, e, l};
then P ∩ Q = {e, a, l}.
State whether the following
is True or False
Considering the sets: A = {magenta, lime, cyan} B = {magenta,
yellow, brown} C = {magenta, brown, yellow, lime, cyan, purple};
then A ∩ B = {magenta, lime, cyan, yellow, brown}
✓ ✓ ✓
Considering the sets: A = {magenta, lime, cyan}
✓ ✓ ✓
B = {magenta, yellow, brown} ✓
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
C = {magenta, brown, yellow, lime, cyan, purple};
(A ⋂ B) = {Magenta}
A B
magenta
cyan brown
lime yellow
purple
C
State whether the following
is True or False
Suppose M = {Levi, Eren, Armin, Sasha},
R = {Eren, Connie, Erwin, Petra, Armin}
S = {Erwin, Armin, Jean, Reiner, Sasha};
then (M ⋂ R) ⋃ S = {Eren, Connie, Erwin, Jean, Reiner, Sasha}
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Suppose M = {Levi, Eren, Armin, Sasha}, R = {Eren,
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Connie, Erwin, Petra, Armin}, and S = {Erwin, Armin,
✓ ✓ ✓
Jean, Reiner, Sasha}; then
(M ⋂ R) ⋃ S = {Eren, Erwin, Armin, Jean, Reiner, Sasha}
Levi Connie
M Eren R
Petra
Armin
Sasha Erwin
Jean
Reiner
S
State whether the following
is True or False
If Z = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, X = {0, 1, 3, 10}, Y ={0},
W = {1, 3, 7, 9, 10}, T = {2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10},
and S = {negative natural numbers}
then W ∪ S = ∅.
State whether the following
is True or False
The natural
numbers (or
counting numbers)
do not
If Z = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, X = {0, 1, 3, 10}, Y ={0},
include negative
numbers.
W = {1, 3, 7, 9, 10}, T = {2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10},
and S = {negative natural numbers}
Since the event is
then W ∪ S = ∅.
impossible to
occur, we write
“null” ∅ or { } to
represent that the
set is empty
Out of forty students, 14 are taking English
Composition and 29 are taking Chemistry.
1. If five students are in both classes, how many
students are in neither class? 14 29
Two students are taking neither class. English Chemistry
2. How many are in either class?
There are 38 students in at least one of
the classes.
9 5 24
3. What is the probability that a randomly-chosen
student from this group is taking only the
Chemistry class? 2
There is a 60% probability that a randomly-
chosen student in this group is taking Chemistry
but not English.
Remember!
❖ Event – subset of sample space; a specific or
collection of outcomes.
❖ Simple Events – any event which consist of a single
outcome in the sample space.
❖ Compound Events – event which consist of more
than one outcomes.
❖ Union – the blending of both sides (indicates “or”)
❖ Intersection – when the two sets overlap (indicates
“and”)
Q3W6 ASSIGNMENT!
https://docs.google.c
om/forms/d/e/1FAIp
QLSfh098SPhuoxp-
d-
qlyxASvtdVaZWNr90
GIvrBbmdW87EMDU
w/viewform
Q3 Assessment 2
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSctTTxtVFfz-
oZlrlsVqIZ2sd2ggc09lBDkI7wOBF-dBMxIhg/closedform
Any
Questions?
