Animal Nutrition – Questions (Part 1)
1. Explain the term diet.
** The food we each daily is known as diet.
2. What are the 7 types of nutrients that animals need in their diet. Explain each in brief.
** Carbohydrates – Used to release Energy
**Fats – Used to store Energy
** Proteins – Used to repair and make new cells
** Vitamins - Organic substances which is used in small amounts. Lack of Vitamins cause deficiency diseases such
as Scurvy & Rickets.
** Minerals – Inorganic substances which is used in small amounts. There are 2 types of minerasl known as
Calcium and Iron. Lack of minerals cause deficiency diseases such as Anaemia & brittle teeth and bones & poor
blood clotting.
** Fibre – Keep alimentary canal healthy through peristalsis. Fibre is common is Oatmeal, Cereal grains and
Brown/Unpolished sugar.
** Water – Present in human bodies.
3. Define the term ‘Balanced Diet’.
** A diet which contains all the nutrients in correct amounts and proportions.
4. What factors affect the amount of energy used by a person?
** Age, Gender/Sex & activities a person involves in.
5. a. Explain why children need less energy than teenagers/adults.
** Children’s internal body organs still haven’t been developed. Also, children have a less body mass and involve
in less physical activities. However, teenagers and adults have a larger body mass than children and teenagers
undergo certain development stages. Therefore, energy isn’t needed for the development of the body.
b. Why do teenagers require more energy than adults?
** Teenager’s internal body organs start to develop since they reach puberty and energy is needed for the
development and growth. However, adults have been already developed and grown-up therefore energy isn’t
needed for development and growth.
c. Why do males require more energy than females?
** Males have a larger muscle mass, denser bones & involves in lot of physical activities which require more
respiration than females.
d. Why do pregnant females & breast-feeding mothers require more energy than usual adult females?
** Pregnant females have to take in more nutrient foods since she carries a baby and the fetus should be given
many nutrients; including Iron for bones, teeth and blood. Breast-feeding mothers should take in many Calcium
in order feed the baby with good quality milk. However, normal adult woman doesn’t have to carry a baby or
feed breast-milk. Therefore, no need to take in more energy.
e. Why do people eat less when they are old.
** When people are old, their metabolism slows down. Therefore, food digestion is really hard and slow.
6. Why is it important to consume a balanced diet?
** In order be healthy, we need to consume a balanced diet.
7. a. Vitamins are ** Organic Substances. They are only needed in small amounts.
b. What deficiency diseases are caused by
(I) Vitamin C
** Scurvy, pains from joints and muscles. Bleeding from gums and other places.
(II) Vitamin D
** Rickets, soft and deformed bones.
Explain what happens when a person suffers from the above.
c. Why are vitamin C & D essential for our bodies. Name 2 sources for each.
** Vitamin C Citrus fruits
** Vitamin D Butter, egg yolk & Sunlight until 10.00 am
8. a. Minerals are ** Inorganic substances.
b. Name 2 important minerals, and name 2 sources for each.
** Calcium Dairy products & Bread
** Iron Liver, Red meat, Egg yolk & Dark green vegetables
c. What are the functions of the 2 above minerals. What deficiency disease is caused by the lack of each?
** Calcium For bones & teeth. For blood clotting.
Brittle bones & teeth. Poor blood clotting
** Iron For making Hemoglobin.
Anaemia – not enough blood cells to transport O2 for tissues.
