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CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access)

CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) is a protocol where nodes listen to detect if a shared channel is in use before transmitting data to avoid collisions. There are three variants: I-persistent CSMA where nodes transmit immediately if the channel is idle, leading to the highest chance of collisions; non-persistent CSMA where nodes wait a random time if the channel is busy, reducing collisions but leaving the channel idle at times; and p-persistent CSMA which combines the first two by allowing nodes to transmit with probability p if the channel is idle or wait with probability q, balancing collisions and efficiency.

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45 views3 pages

CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access)

CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) is a protocol where nodes listen to detect if a shared channel is in use before transmitting data to avoid collisions. There are three variants: I-persistent CSMA where nodes transmit immediately if the channel is idle, leading to the highest chance of collisions; non-persistent CSMA where nodes wait a random time if the channel is busy, reducing collisions but leaving the channel idle at times; and p-persistent CSMA which combines the first two by allowing nodes to transmit with probability p if the channel is idle or wait with probability q, balancing collisions and efficiency.

Uploaded by

Aashu Rajput
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access): It is a 

carrier sense multiple access based on media


access protocol to sense the traffic on a channel (idle or busy) before transmitting the data. It
means that if the channel is idle, the station can send data to the channel. Otherwise, it must
wait until the channel becomes idle. Hence, it reduces the chances of a collision on a
transmission medium.

Using CMSA protocols, more than one users or nodes send and receive data through a shared
medium that may be a single cable or optical fiber connecting multiple nodes, or a portion of
the wireless spectrum.

I-persistent CSMA: • In this method, station(node) that wants to transmit data continuously
senses the shared channel to check whether the channel is idle or busy.

• If the channel is busy, the station waits until it becomes idle.


• When the station detects an idle-channel, it immediately transmits the frame with probability
1. Hence it is called I-persistent CSMA.
• This method has the highest chance of collision because two or more stations may find
channel to be idle at the same time and transmit their frames.
• When the collision occurs, the stations wait a random amount of time and start allover again.

Non-persistent CSMA : • In this scheme, if a station wants to transmit a frame and it finds
that the channel is busy (some other station is transmitting) then it will wait for fixed interval
oftime.
• After this time, it again checks the status of the channel and if the channel is.free it
will transmit.
• A station that has a frame to send senses the channel.
• If the channel is idle, it sends immediately.
• If the channel is busy, it waits a random amount of time and then senses the channel again.
• In non-persistent CSMA the station does not continuously sense the channel for the purpose
of capturing it when it detects the end of previous transmission.
Advantage of non-persistent: It reduces the chance of collision because the stations wait a
random amount of time. It is unlikely that two or more stations will wait for same amount of
time and will retransmit at the same time.
Disadvantage of non-persistent: It reduces the efficiency of network because the channel
remains idle when there may be stations with frames to send. This is due to the fact that the
stations wait a random amount of time after the collision.
P-Persistent: It is the combination of 1-Persistent and Non-persistent modes.
• This method is used when channel has time slots such that the time slot duration is equal to
or greater than the maximum propagation delay time.
• Whenever a station becomes ready to send, it senses the channel.
• If channel is busy, station waits until next slot.
• If channel is idle, it transmits with a probability p.
• With the probability q=l-p, the station then waits for the beginning of the next time slot.
• If the next slot is also idle, it either transmits or waits again with probabilities p and q.
• This process is repeated till either frame has been transmitted or another station has begun
transmitting.
• In case of the transmission by another station, the station acts as though a collision has
occurred and it waits a random amount of time and starts again.
Advantage of p-persistent: It reduces the chance of collision and improves the efficiency of the
network.

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