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Csma CD

CSMA/CD is a MAC protocol used in local area networks that regulates communication on a shared transmission medium. It works by having nodes first sense if the channel is idle before transmitting, and includes a collision detection mechanism where if a collision occurs, nodes send a jam signal and retransmit later.

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Aashu Rajput
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68 views3 pages

Csma CD

CSMA/CD is a MAC protocol used in local area networks that regulates communication on a shared transmission medium. It works by having nodes first sense if the channel is idle before transmitting, and includes a collision detection mechanism where if a collision occurs, nodes send a jam signal and retransmit later.

Uploaded by

Aashu Rajput
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision detection) is a Media Access

Control (MAC) protocol used in Local Area Networking:


It uses early Ethernet technology to overcome collision when it occurs.

This method organizes data transmission properly by regulating communication in a


network with a shared transmission medium.

The CSMA/CD protocol works with a medium access control layer. Therefore, it
first senses the shared channel before broadcasting the frames, and if the
channel is idle, it transmits a frame to check whether the transmission was
successful. If the frame is successfully received, the station sends another
frame. If any collision is detected in the CSMA/CD, the station sends a jam/
stop signal to the shared channel to terminate data transmission. After that, it
waits for a random time before sending a frame to a channel.

individual component of CSMA/CD.


1. CS – It stands for Carrier Sensing. It implies that before sending data, a
station first senses the carrier. If the carrier is found free, then the station
transmits data else it refrains.
2. MA – Stands for Multiple Access i.e. if there’s a channel, then there are many
stations that are trying to access it.
3. CD – Stands for Collision Detection. It also guides to proceed in case of
packet data collision.
Algorithm
The algorithm steps include:
 First, the station that wants to transmit the data senses the carrier as to
whether it is busy or idle. If a carrier is found idle, then the transmission is
carried out.
 The transmission station detects a collision, if any, using the condition: Tt >=
2 * Tp where Tt is the transmission delay and Tp is the propagation delay.
 The station releases the jam signal as soon as it detects a collision.
 After collision has occurred, the transmitting station stops transmitting and
waits for some random amount of time called the ‘back-off time’. After this
time, the station retransmits again.
CSMA/CD Flow Chart
Efficiency Of CSMA/CD
The efficiency of CSMA/CD is better than Pure ALOHA however there are some
points that need to be kept in mind while measuring the efficiency of CSMA/CD.

These include:
 If the distance increases, then the efficiency of CSMA/CD decreases.
 For Local Area Network (LAN), CSMA/CD works optimally but for long-
distance networks like WAN, it’s not advisable to use CSMA/CD.

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