Como Educar Las Emociones La Inteligencia Emocional en La Infancia y La Adolescencia
Como Educar Las Emociones La Inteligencia Emocional en La Infancia y La Adolescencia
'HODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDODODHGXFDFLyQ
HPRFLRQDO
5DIDHO%LVTXHUUD
/DLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO
6HFRQVLGHUDTXHHOSULPHUDUWtFXORFLHQWtILFRVREUHLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOHVHOGH6DORYH\
\ 0D\HU FRQ HO WtWXOR (PRWLRQDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH (VWH DUWtFXOR SDVy SUiFWLFDPHQWH
GHVDSHUFLELGRHQHOPRPHQWRGHVXSXEOLFDFLyQ\KXERTXHHVSHUDUFLQFRDxRVKDVWDTXHOR
GLYXOJy'DQLHO*ROHPDQ
&RQ DQWHULRULGDG HQ VH IXQGy HO &ROODERUDWLYH IRU $FDGHPLF 6RFLDO DQG (PRWLRQDO
/HDUQLQJ &$6(/ FRQ REMHWR GH SRWHQFLDU OD HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO \ VRFLDO HQ WRGR HO
PXQGR &$6(/ HV XQD LQVWLWXFLyQ TXH VH SURSRQH OD GLIXVLyQ GH VRFLDO DQG HPRWLRQDO
OHDUQLQJ6(/TXHVHSXHGHWUDGXFLUSRUDSUHQGL]DMHVRFLDO\HPRFLRQDO$6('LFKRHQ
RWUDV SDODEUDV DQWHV GH OD SXEOLFDFLyQ GHO OLEUR GH *ROHPDQ \D KDEtD XQD
LQVWLWXFLyQGHGLFDGDDVXGLIXVLyQHQODHGXFDFLyQ
$ SDUWLU GH OD SXEOLFDFLyQ GHO OLEUR (PRWLRQDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH GH 'DQLHO *ROHPDQ VH
SURGXFH XQD JUDQ GLIXVLyQ GH HVWH FRQFHSWR (O OLEUR HV XQ EHVW VHOOHU PXQGLDO TXH KD
WHQLGRJUDQWUDVFHQGHQFLDVRFLDOKDVWDWDOSXQWRGHHFOLSVDUDORVFUHDGRUHVGHOFRQFHSWR
6HJ~Q 6DORYH\ \ 0D\HU \ OD UHYLVLyQ SRVWHULRU GH 0D\HU \ 6DORYH\ OD
LQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOFRQVLVWHHQODKDELOLGDGSDUDPDQHMDUORVVHQWLPLHQWRV\HPRFLRQHV
GLVFULPLQDUHQWUHHOORV\XWLOL]DUHVWRVFRQRFLPLHQWRVSDUDGLULJLUORVSURSLRVSHQVDPLHQWRV\
DFFLRQHV6XPRGHORVHHVWUXFWXUDHQFXDWUREORTXHV
3HUFHSFLyQHPRFLRQDO/DVHPRFLRQHVVRQSHUFLELGDVLGHQWLILFDGDVYDORUDGDV\
H[SUHVDGDV6HUHILHUHDODVHPRFLRQHVHQXQRPLVPR\HQORVGHPiVH[SUHVDGDV
D WUDYpV GHO OHQJXDMH OD FRQGXFWD REUDV GH DUWH P~VLFD HWF ,QFOX\H OD
FDSDFLGDGSDUDH[SUHVDUODVHPRFLRQHVDGHFXDGDPHQWHDVtFRPRODFDSDFLGDGGH
GLVFULPLQDUHQWUHH[SUHVLRQHVSUHFLVDVHLPSUHFLVDVKRQHVWDVRGHVKRQHVWDV
24
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
HPRFLRQDOHV IDFLOLWDQ HO DIURQWDPLHQWR 3RU HMHPSOR HO ELHQHVWDU IDFLOLWD OD
FUHDWLYLGDG
5HJXODFLyQ HPRFLRQDO &RQWURO GH ODV HPRFLRQHV TXH LQFOX\H OD KDELOLGDG SDUD
GLVWDQFLDUVH GH XQD HPRFLyQ OD KDELOLGDG SDUD UHJXODU ODV HPRFLRQHV HQ XQR
PLVPR\HQRWURVODFDSDFLGDGSDUDPLWLJDUODVHPRFLRQHVQHJDWLYDV\SRWHQFLDU
ODVSRVLWLYDVVLQUHSULPLURH[DJHUDUODLQIRUPDFLyQTXHWUDQVPLWHQHWF
3DUD*ROHPDQODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOFRQVLVWHHQ
&RQRFHUODVSURSLDVHPRFLRQHV
0DQHMDUODVHPRFLRQHV
0RWLYDUVHDVtPLVPR
5HFRQRFHUODVHPRFLRQHVGHORVGHPiV
(VWDEOHFHUUHODFLRQHVSRVLWLYDVFRQRWUDVSHUVRQDV
6L QRV ILMDPRV HQWUH HVWRV GRV PRGHORV GH LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO QR FRLQFLGHQ 3HUR
DGHPiVVXUJHQRWURVPRGHORVFRPRHOGH5HXYHQ%DU2QHOGH3HWULGHV\)XUQKDPHWF
(VWRDEUHXQGHEDWHVREUH¢TXpHVUHDOPHQWHODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO"¢FXiOHVHOPRGHOR
PiV DSURSLDGR" ¢FXiO QRV FRQYLHQH VHJXLU" /D SROpPLFD HVWi VHUYLGD 3HUR PiV DOOi GH
HVWHGHEDWHKD\XQDFXHUGR JHQHUDOHQTXH H[LVWHQXQDVFRPSHWHQFLDV HPRFLRQDOHVTXH
GHEHUtDQ DSUHQGHU WRGDV ODV SHUVRQDV /D HVWUDWHJLD SDUD GHVDUUROODU ODV FRPSHWHQFLDV
HPRFLRQDOHVVHGHQRPLQDHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO
&RPSHWHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHV
25
DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL A LA EDUCACIÓN EMOCIONAL – RAFAEL BISQUERRA
/D©FRQFLHQFLDHPRFLRQDOªFRQVLVWHHQFRQRFHUODVSURSLDVHPRFLRQHV\ODVHPRFLRQHVGH
ORV GHPiV (VWR VH FRQVLJXH D WUDYpV GH OD REVHUYDFLyQ GHO SURSLR FRPSRUWDPLHQWR DVt
FRPRGHOGHODVSHUVRQDVTXHQRVURGHDQ(OORVXSRQHVDEHUGLVWLQJXLUHQWUHSHQVDPLHQWRV
DFFLRQHV\HPRFLRQHVFRPSUHQGHUODVFDXVDV\FRQVHFXHQFLDVGHODV~OWLPDVHYDOXDUVX
LQWHQVLGDG \ UHFRQRFHU \ XWLOL]DU VX OHQJXDMH WDQWR HQ FRPXQLFDFLyQ YHUEDO FRPR QR
YHUEDO
/D ©UHJXODFLyQ GH ODV HPRFLRQHVª VLJQLILFD GDU XQD UHVSXHVWD DSURSLDGD D ODV HPRFLRQHV
TXH H[SHULPHQWDPRV 1R KD\ TXH FRQIXQGLU OD UHJXODFLyQ HPRFLRQDO FRQ OD UHSUHVLyQ /D
UHJXODFLyQ FRQVLVWH HQ XQ GLItFLO HTXLOLEULR HQWUH OD UHSUHVLyQ \ HO GHVFRQWURO 6RQ
FRPSRQHQWHVLPSRUWDQWHVGHODKDELOLGDGGHDXWRUUHJXODFLyQODWROHUDQFLDDODIUXVWUDFLyQ
HO PDQHMR GH OD LUD OD FDSDFLGDG SDUD UHWUDVDU JUDWLILFDFLRQHV ODV KDELOLGDGHV GH
DIURQWDPLHQWRHQVLWXDFLRQHVGHULHVJRLQGXFFLyQDOFRQVXPRGHGURJDVYLROHQFLDHWFHO
GHVDUUROORGHODHPSDWtDHWF
$OJXQDVWpFQLFDVFRQFUHWDVVRQGLiORJRLQWHUQRFRQWUROGHOHVWUpVUHODMDFLyQPHGLWDFLyQ
UHVSLUDFLyQ DXWRDILUPDFLRQHV SRVLWLYDV DVHUWLYLGDG UHHVWUXFWXUDFLyQ FRJQLWLYD
LPDJLQDFLyQ HPRWLYD DWULEXFLyQ FDXVDO HWF (O GHVDUUROOR GH OD UHJXODFLyQ HPRFLRQDO
UHTXLHUH GH XQD SUiFWLFD FRQWLQXDGD (V UHFRPHQGDEOH HPSH]DU SRU OD UHJXODFLyQ GH
HPRFLRQHV FRPR LUD PLHGR WULVWH]D YHUJHQ]D WLPLGH] FXOSDELOLGDG HQYLGLD DOHJUtD
DPRUHWF
/D ©DXWRQRPtD HPRFLRQDOª HV OD FDSDFLGDG GH QR YHUVH VHULDPHQWH DIHFWDGR SRU ORV
HVWtPXORVGHOHQWRUQR6HWUDWDGHWHQHUVHQVLELOLGDGFRQLQYXOQHUDELOLGDG(VWRUHTXLHUHGH
XQD VDQD DXWRHVWLPD DXWRFRQILDQ]D SHUFHSFLyQ GH DXWRHILFDFLD DXWRPRWLYDFLyQ \
UHVSRQVDELOLGDG/DDXWRQRPtDHPRFLRQDOHVXQHTXLOLEULRHQWUHODGHSHQGHQFLDHPRFLRQDO\
ODGHVYLQFXODFLyQ
/DV©KDELOLGDGHVVRFLRHPRFLRQDOHVªFRQVWLWX\HQXQFRQMXQWRGHFRPSHWHQFLDVTXHIDFLOLWDQ
ODVUHODFLRQHVLQWHUSHUVRQDOHV/DVUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHVHVWiQHQWUHWHMLGDVGHHPRFLRQHV/D
HVFXFKD\ODFDSDFLGDGGH HPSDWtDDEUHQODSXHUWDDDFWLWXGHVSURVRFLDOHVTXHVH VLW~DQ
HQ ODV DQWtSRGDV GH DFWLWXGHV UDFLVWDV [HQyIREDV R PDFKLVWDV TXH WDQWRV SUREOHPDV
VRFLDOHVRFDVLRQDQ(VWDVFRPSHWHQFLDVVRFLDOHVSUHGLVSRQHQDODFRQVWLWXFLyQGHXQFOLPD
VRFLDOIDYRUDEOHDOWUDEDMRHQJUXSRSURGXFWLYR\VDWLVIDFWRULR
/DV©FRPSHWHQFLDVSDUDODYLGD\HOELHQHVWDUªVRQXQFRQMXQWRGHKDELOLGDGHVDFWLWXGHV\
YDORUHV TXH SURPXHYHQ OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GHO ELHQHVWDU SHUVRQDO \ VRFLDO (O ELHQHVWDU
26
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
HPRFLRQDO HVORPiVSDUHFLGR DODIHOLFLGDGHQWHQGLGDFRPRODH[SHULHQFLDGHHPRFLRQHV
SRVLWLYDV1RSRGHPRVHVSHUDUDTXHQRVYHQJDQHVWRVHVWDGRVHPRFLRQDOHVVLQRTXHKD\
TXH FRQVWUXLUORV FRQVFLHQWHPHQWH FRQ YROXQWDG \ DFWLWXG SRVLWLYD (VWR HV SRVLEOH \
GHVHDEOH
/DHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO
/D HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO HV XQ SURFHVR HGXFDWLYR FRQWLQXR \ SHUPDQHQWH TXH SUHWHQGH
SRWHQFLDU HO GHVDUUROOR GH ODV FRPSHWHQFLDV HPRFLRQDOHV FRPR HOHPHQWR HVHQFLDO GHO
GHVDUUROORKXPDQRFRQREMHWRGHFDSDFLWDUOHSDUDODYLGD\FRQODILQDOLGDGGHDXPHQWDUHO
ELHQHVWDU SHUVRQDO \ VRFLDO %LVTXHUUD (VWH SURFHVR VH SURSRQH RSWLPL]DU HO
GHVDUUROORKXPDQRHVGHFLUHOGHVDUUROORLQWHJUDOGHODSHUVRQDItVLFRLQWHOHFWXDOPRUDO
VRFLDO HPRFLRQDO HWF (V SRU WDQWR XQD HGXFDFLyQ SDUD OD YLGD XQ SURFHVR HGXFDWLYR
FRQWLQXR\SHUPDQHQWH$HVWRVHOHGHQRPLQD©HQIRTXHGHOFLFORYLWDOª
/D HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO HV XQD IRUPD GH SUHYHQFLyQ SULPDULD LQHVSHFtILFD (QWHQGHPRV
FRPR WDO OD DGTXLVLFLyQ GH FRPSHWHQFLDV TXH VH SXHGHQ DSOLFDU D XQD PXOWLSOLFLGDG GH
VLWXDFLRQHV WDOHV FRPR OD SUHYHQFLyQ GHO FRQVXPR GH GURJDV SUHYHQFLyQ GHO HVWUpV
DQVLHGDGGHSUHVLyQYLROHQFLDHWF/DSUHYHQFLyQSULPDULDLQHVSHFtILFDSUHWHQGHPLQLPL]DU
OD YXOQHUDELOLGDG GH OD SHUVRQD D GHWHUPLQDGDV GLVIXQFLRQHV HVWUpV GHSUHVLyQ
LPSXOVLYLGDGDJUHVLYLGDGHWFRSUHYHQLUVXRFXUUHQFLD3DUDHOORVHSURSRQHHOGHVDUUROOR
GHFRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDVSDUDODYLGD
$ WtWXOR GH HMHPSOR VH FLWDQ D FRQWLQXDFLyQ DOJXQRV GH ORV REMHWLYRV GH OD HGXFDFLyQ
HPRFLRQDO
$GTXLULUXQPHMRUFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODVSURSLDVHPRFLRQHV
,GHQWLILFDUODVHPRFLRQHVGHORVGHPiV
27
DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL A LA EDUCACIÓN EMOCIONAL – RAFAEL BISQUERRA
'HQRPLQDUDODVHPRFLRQHVFRUUHFWDPHQWH
'HVDUUROODUODKDELOLGDGSDUDUHJXODUODVSURSLDVHPRFLRQHV
6XELUHOXPEUDOGHWROHUDQFLDDODIUXVWUDFLyQ
3UHYHQLUORVHIHFWRVQRFLYRVGHODVHPRFLRQHVQHJDWLYDV
'HVDUUROODUODKDELOLGDGSDUDJHQHUDUHPRFLRQHVSRVLWLYDV
'HVDUUROODUODKDELOLGDGGHDXWRPRWLYDUVH
$GRSWDUXQDDFWLWXGSRVLWLYDDQWHODYLGD
$SUHQGHUDIOXLU
/RV FRQWHQLGRV GH OD HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO SXHGHQ YDULDU VHJ~Q ORV GHVWLQDWDULRV QLYHO
HGXFDWLYR FRQRFLPLHQWRV SUHYLRV PDGXUH] SHUVRQDO HWF &RPR WHPDV UHIHUHQWHV GH OD
HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO HVWiQ ORV VLJXLHQWHV HO PDUFR FRQFHSWXDO GH ODV HPRFLRQHV TXH
LQFOX\H HO FRQFHSWR GH HPRFLyQ ORV IHQyPHQRV DIHFWLYRV HPRFLyQ VHQWLPLHQWR DIHFWR
HVWDGR GH iQLPR SHUWXUEDFLRQHV HPRFLRQDOHV WLSRV GH HPRFLRQHV HWF FRQRFHU ODV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH ODV HPRFLRQHV SULQFLSDOHV FRPR PLHGR LUD DQVLHGDG WULVWH]D
YHUJHQ]D DYHUVLyQ DOHJUtD DPRU KXPRU R IHOLFLGDG OD QDWXUDOH]D GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD
HPRFLRQDO HV XQ DVSHFWR LPSRUWDQWH FRQ P~OWLSOHV DSOLFDFLRQHV SDUD OD SUiFWLFD 3HUR OR
PiVLPSRUWDQWHVRQODVFRPSHWHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHV
/D HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO VLJXH XQD PHWRGRORJtD HPLQHQWHPHQWH SUiFWLFD GLQiPLFD GH
JUXSRV DXWRUHIOH[LyQ UD]yQ GLDOyJLFD MXHJRV FRQ REMHWR GH IDYRUHFHU HO GHVDUUROOR GH
FRPSHWHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHV&RQODLQIRUPDFLyQQRHVVXILFLHQWH
/DVDSOLFDFLRQHVGHODHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDOVHSXHGHQGHMDUVHQWLUHQP~OWLSOHVVLWXDFLRQHV
FRPXQLFDFLyQHIHFWLYD\DIHFWLYDUHVROXFLyQGHFRQIOLFWRVWRPDGHGHFLVLRQHVSUHYHQFLyQ
LQHVSHFtILFD FRQVXPR GH GURJDV VLGD YLROHQFLD DQRUH[LD LQWHQWRV GH VXLFLGLR HWF (Q
~OWLPR WpUPLQR VH WUDWD GH GHVDUUROODU OD DXWRHVWLPD FRQ H[SHFWDWLYDV UHDOLVWDV VREUH Vt
PLVPR GHVDUUROODU OD FDSDFLGDG GH IOXLU \ OD FDSDFLGDG SDUD DGRSWDU XQD DFWLWXG SRVLWLYD
28
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
DQWHODYLGD7RGRHOORGHFDUDDSRVLELOLWDUXQPD\RUELHQHVWDUHPRFLRQDOTXHUHGXQGDHQ
XQPD\RUELHQHVWDUVRFLDO
&RQWH[WRVGHDSOLFDFLyQGHODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO
/DLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOWLHQHDSOLFDFLRQHVHQP~OWLSOHVFRQWH[WRV6HSXHGHGHFLUTXHHQ
WRGR OXJDU \ HQ WRGR PRPHQWR VH GHEHUtDQ DSOLFDU ODV FRPSHWHQFLDV GH LQWHOLJHQFLD
HPRFLRQDO&RQODLQWHQFLyQGHVXEUD\DUDOJXQRVGHORVFRQWH[WRVGHDSOLFDFLyQSULRULWDULD
QRV YDPRV D UHIHULU D FRQWLQXDFLyQ DO GH OD HGXFDFLyQ IRUPDO HQ ODV IDPLOLDV HQ ODV
RUJDQL]DFLRQHVHQJHQHUDO\HQODVDOXGHQSDUWLFXODU
(GXFDFLyQHVXQFRQFHSWRPX\DPSOLRTXHSXHGHHVWDUSUHVHQWHDORODUJRGHODYLGD8QD
SDUWHGHODHGXFDFLyQHVODHVFRODUL]DFLyQREOLJDWRULDHQODHGXFDFLyQIRUPDO(QFDStWXORV
SUy[LPRV VH WLHQH SUHVHQWH HO PDUFR GH OD HGXFDFLyQ IRUPDO FRPR UHIHUHQWH LPSRUWDQWH
3HURODHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDOQRVHOLPLWDDHVWHFRQWH[WR
(O FRQWH[WR IDPLOLDU HV XQD RSRUWXQLGDG LGyQHD SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH FRPSHWHQFLDV
HPRFLRQDOHV /DV UHODFLRQHV LQWHUSHUVRQDOHV HQ HO VHQR GH OD IDPLOLD HV XQ FRQWLQXR GH
HPRFLRQHV GRQGH HO FRQIOLFWR VH KDFH LQHYLWDEOH /D JHVWLyQ SRVLWLYD GH FRQIOLFWRV HV XQ
DSUHQGL]DMH TXH VH LQLFLD HQ OD IDPLOLD 0DGUHV \ SDGUHV GHEHUtDQ WRPDU FRQFLHQFLD GH VX
LPSRUWDQFLD\GHVHDUIRUPDUVH FRQXQDGREOHILQDOLGDG3RUXQDSDUWH FRQODLQWHQFLyQGH
DSUHQGHU D HMHUFHU OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO HQ Vt PLVPRV SRU OD RWUD SDUD FRQWULEXLU D
TXHORVKLMRVWHQJDQPiVLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO(QHVWHVHQWLGRHOFDStWXORGHGLFDGRDOD
LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO HQOD IDPLOLDLQFOX\H DOJXQDV UHIHUHQFLDV SDUD SRQHU HQ SUiFWLFD HQ
HVWHFRQWH[WR
(Q FXDOTXLHU WLSR GH RUJDQL]DFLyQ WLHQH DSOLFDFLRQHV OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO 6RQ
HMHPSORV GH RUJDQL]DFLRQHV ODV HPSUHVDV LQGXVWULDOHV FRPHUFLDOHV ILQDQFLHUDV
RUJDQL]DFLRQHV QR JXEHUQDPHQWDOHV OD $GPLQLVWUDFLyQ S~EOLFD HWF $TXHOORV DVSHFWRV HQ
ORV TXH WLHQH XQD DSOLFDFLyQ OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO HQ ODV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV VRQ SRU
HMHPSOR OD VHOHFFLyQ GH SHUVRQDO OD IRUPDFLyQ FRQWLQXD OD SUHYHQFLyQ GH ULHVJRV
ODERUDOHVHOWUDEDMRHQHTXLSRRODJHVWLyQSRVLWLYDGHFRQIOLFWRV&RQYLHQHWHQHUSUHVHQWH
TXH OD PD\RUtD GH EDMDV ODERUDOHV OR VRQ SRU FDXVDV SVLFRVRFLDOHV HV GHFLU VH GHEHQ D
DQVLHGDG HVWUpV GHSUHVLyQ EXUQ RXW HWF (O VXVWUDWR HPRFLRQDO SUHVHQWH HQ OD YLGD
ODERUDOKDFHQHFHVDULDODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO
29
DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL A LA EDUCACIÓN EMOCIONAL – RAFAEL BISQUERRA
'HQWURGHODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVKD\XQWLSRHVSHFLDOGHHOODVTXHVRQODVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQOD
VDOXG KRVSLWDOHV FOtQLFDV DPEXODWRULRV FRQVXOWDV PpGLFDV HWF (Q HVWRV FRQWH[WRV ODV
HPRFLRQHV FREUDQ XQ YDORU HVSHFLDO /D SHUVRQD HQIHUPD VH SXHGH YHU DIHFWDGD SRU
HVWDGRV HPRFLRQDOHV TXH OH FXHVWD VXSHUDU (VWR DIHFWD D ORV IDPLOLDUHV TXH GHEHQ GDUOH
DSR\RDXQTXHDYHFHVVRQORVIDPLOLDUHVORVTXHQHFHVLWDQDSR\RHPRFLRQDO
(Q HVWH VHQWLGR HV PX\ LPSRUWDQWH HO DSR\R HPRFLRQDO TXH SXHGHQ SURSRUFLRQDU ORV
SURIHVLRQDOHV GH OD VDOXG ©&yPR GDU PDODV QRWLFLDVª VH FRQVLGHUD XQD FRPSHWHQFLD GH
LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO TXH FLHUWRV HVSHFLDOLVWDV GH OD PHGLFLQD GHEHQ GRPLQDU \D TXH VH
YHQHQVLWXDFLRQHVFUtWLFDVGHYH]HQFXDQGRHQHVWRVPRPHQWRVODIRUPDGHFRPXQLFDUVH
HV FUXFLDO (Q FOtQLFDV \ KRVSLWDOHV SXHGH KDEHU QLxRV TXH HVWiQ HQ XQD VLWXDFLyQ FUtWLFD
WDQWR ItVLFD FRPR HPRFLRQDOPHQWH 'LYHUVDV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV KDQ SXHVWR GH UHOLHYH FyPR
ODVHPRFLRQHVDIHFWDQDOVLVWHPDLQPXQLWDULR$GHU$GHUHWDO9LGDO
/DVHPRFLRQHVQHJDWLYDVGLVPLQX\HQODVGHIHQVDVGHOVLVWHPDLQPXQLWDULR\SRUOR
WDQWR SUHGLVSRQHQ D FRQWUDHU HQIHUPHGDGHV PLHQWUDV TXH ODV HPRFLRQHV SRVLWLYDV
FRQWULEX\HQDDXPHQWDUODVGHIHQVDVGHOVLVWHPDLQPXQLWDULR\SRUORWDQWRSUHYLHQHQGH
HQIHUPHGDGHV R DFHOHUDQ OD FXUDFLyQ 7RGR HVWR VRQ HMHPSORV GH OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH ODV
HPRFLRQHVHQODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVGHODVDOXG
0DWHULDOHVSDUDODSUiFWLFD
3DUD DSR\DU OD ODERU GHO SURIHVRUDGR \ GH ODV IDPLOLDV VH KDQ HODERUDGR PDWHULDOHV
SUiFWLFRVFRQHMHUFLFLRV\DFWLYLGDGHVHQIRFDGDVDOGHVDUUROORGHODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO\
ODVFRPSHWHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHV6HSXHGHUHFXUULUDHVWRVPDWHULDOHVGRQGHVHHQFRQWUDUiQ
DEXQGDQWHV VXJHUHQFLDV \ DFWLYLGDGHV HQ HO PRPHQWR GH SRQHU HQ SUiFWLFD OD HGXFDFLyQ
HPRFLRQDO &RQVXOWDU ORV UHFXUVRV GHO FDStWXOR ©5HIHUHQFLDV ELEOLRJUiILFDV SDUD OD
SUiFWLFDª
/DLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOHQORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ
/RVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQVHSXHGHQFRQVLGHUDUFRPRXQFRQWH[WRPiVSDUDODSRVLEOH
DSOLFDFLyQ GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO /RV PHGLRV DXGLRYLVXDOHV FRPR OD WHOHYLVLyQ \ OD
UDGLR WLHQHQ XQ HQRUPH SRGHU SDUD LQIOXLU HQ OD VRFLHGDG 3RGUtDQ VHU XWLOL]DGRV SDUD
FRQWULEXLUDODHGXFDFLyQGHIRUPDHQWUHWHQLGDPH]FODQGRIRUPDFLyQ\GLYHUVLyQ
/DUHDOLGDGHVTXHHVFDVHDQORVSURJUDPDVGHFDOLGDGTXHWHQJDQFRPRREMHWLYRFRQWULEXLU
DO GHVDUUROOR GH ODV FRPSHWHQFLDV HPRFLRQDOHV GH ODV DXGLHQFLDV 3RU HMHPSOR ORV SRFRV
HVSDFLRV TXH SRGHPRV HQFRQWUDU HQ &DWDOXxD VRQ5HGHV %ULFRODWJH (PRFLRQDO /¶2ILFL GH
9LXUH\)zUXP-XQLRU
30
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
8Q SURJUDPD GH UHIHUHQFLD HV 5HGHV TXH GLULJH (GXDUG 3XQVHW HQ /D GH 7HOHYLVLyQ
(VSDxROD TXH WUDWD FDGD VHPDQD XQ WHPD GH FLHQFLD 0XFKRV GH ORV SURJUDPDV DERUGDQ
GLUHFWD R LQGLUHFWDPHQWH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO \ VX HGXFDFLyQ GHVGH XQD SHUVSHFWLYD
SULQFLSDOPHQWHFLHQWtILFD$OJXQRVHMHPSORVORVHQFRQWUDPRVHQORVHSLVRGLRVWLWXODGRV©/D
UHFHWDSDUDHOHVWUpVªHPLWLGRHOGHRFWXEUHGHO©(GXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDOGHVGHHO
~WHUR PDWHUQRª GH RFWXEUH GHO ©(PRFLRQHV LQGLYLGXDOHV \ FROHFWLYDVª GH
PD\R©(GXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDOªGHDEULO©3DUDTXpVLUYHQODV HPRFLRQHVª
QRYLHPEUH©1RVDEHPRVTXpQRVKDFHIHOLFHVªIHEUHUR©/DIyUPXOD
GH OD IHOLFLGDGª VHSWLHPEUH ©&XDQGR HO FHUHEUR VH HPRFLRQDª QRYLHPEUH
©¢3DUDTXpVLUYHQORVFHORV"ªVHSWLHPEUH©&ODYHVYLROHQWDV,\,,ª
\GHHQHURGH©/DVEDVHVJHQpWLFDVGHODDQVLHGDG\ODWULVWH]DªDEULO
2WURSURJUDPDHV%ULFRODWJH(PRFLRQDOGH*DVSDU+HUQjQGH]HQ79HOFXDOWUDWDWHPDV
GH HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO GH IRUPD ULJXURVD \ DPHQD /RV WHPDV HPLWLGRV VRQ ©/D ERQD
VRUWª©/DSDUHOODLGHDOª©$SUHQGUHDGLUQRª©3HUGUHODSRUGHODPRUWª©/DFULVLFRP
DRSRUWXQLWDWª©9qQFHUODSRUª©9qQFHUODWLPLGHVDª©/DVH[XDOLWDWLQWHOāOLJHQWª©3RVDU
ILDO
HVWUqVª©)HUDPLFVª©*XDQ\DUPpVGLQHUVª©6DEHUQRVHQIDGDUª\©/DIHOLFLWDWª
31
DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL A LA EDUCACIÓN EMOCIONAL – RAFAEL BISQUERRA
(O PLVPR *DVSDU +HUQjQGH] GLULJH HO SURJUDPD /¶2ILFL GH 9LXUH GH &DWDOXQ\D 5jGLR 6H
WUDWDGHXQSURJUDPDVREUHGHVDUUROORSHUVRQDOSVLFRORJtDSRVLWLYD\QXHYDHVSLULWXDOLGDG
(MHPSORV GH WHPDV WUDWDGRV VRQ ©/¶DPRU DXWqQWLFª RFWXEUH ©'RORUV ItVLFV
GRORUV HPRFLRQDOVª RFWXEUH ©7RW VREUH O¶DQVLHWDWª RFWXEUH ©9DORUV
PpVQHFHVVDULVTXHPDLªGLFLHPEUHHWF
)zUXP-~QLRUHVXQSURJUDPDGH7HOHYLVLyGH&DWDOXQ\DGLULJLGRSRU -RUGL9LODUGHOOHQHO
FXDOXQJUXSRGHMyYHQHVFRPHQWDQWHPDVGHVXLQWHUpV(QWUHORVWtWXORVHPLWLGRVHVWiQ
©3HWRQV UHEXLJ L HQDPRUDPHQWª ©&RQGLFLRQV DGYHUVHVª ©3XEHUWDW FRPSOH[RV L
DFFHSWDFLyª\©6XSHUDUOHVSqUGXHVª
'HVJUDFLDGDPHQWHDEXQGDQPiVRWURWLSRGHSURJUDPDVTXHVHSRGUtDQFDOLILFDUGHEDVXUD
HPRFLRQDO R WHOHEDVXUD (VWRV SURJUDPDV WLHQHQ XQD LQIOXHQFLD PD\RU GH OD TXH VHUtD GH
GHVHDU\DTXHGHDFXHUGRFRQODWHRUtDGHODSUHQGL]DMHVRFLDOVHDSUHQGHPXFKRDSDUWLU
GH OR TXH VH YH KDFHU D RWUDV SHUVRQDV 'H DKt OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH SRQHU DO HVSHFWDGRU
VREUHWRGRFXDQGRVRQQLxRV\MyYHQHVDQWHPRGHORVTXHSXHGDQVHUYLUGHUHIHUHQFLD
/RVQLxRV\MyYHQHVHVWiQLQGHIHQVRVDQWHHOSRGHUGHORVPHGLRVVREUHWRGRODWHOHYLVLyQ
6H LPSRQH XQD LPSOLFDFLyQ GH OD VRFLHGDG SDUD DSURYHFKDU HVWH PHGLR WDQ SRWHQWH SDUD
HGXFDURFRPRPtQLPRSDUDQRGHVHGXFDU&UHDUXQDRSLQLyQVRFLDO\XQFULWHULRVREUHOD
VHOHFFLyQGHSURJUDPDVSXHGHVHUXQDYtDKDFLDGRQGHDYDQ]DU3RUHMHPSORXQHTXLSRGH
H[SHUWRV SRGUtD LQIRUPDU D OD VRFLHGDG D WUDYpV GH OD SUHQVD \ XQD ZHE VREUH ORV
SURJUDPDV UHFRPHQGDEOHV \ QR UHFRPHQGDEOHV GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD HGXFDWLYR (VWR
SRGUtDVHUXWLOL]DGRSRUODVIDPLOLDV\HOSURIHVRUDGRSDUDRULHQWDUKDFLDXQXVRDSURSLDGR
GHORVPHGLRV$IRUWXQDGDPHQWHKD\H[SHULHQFLDVTXHDYDODQODYLDELOLGDGGHSUR\HFWRVHQ
HVWHVHQWLGR
$Vt SRU HMHPSOR ORV SDWURFLQDGRUHV GH XQ SURJUDPD GH WHOHYLVLyQ UHWLUDURQ VXV
VXEYHQFLRQHVFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODSURWHVWDVRFLDOSURGXFLGDDQWHODHPLVLyQHQSULPH
WLPHGHFLHUWDVLQIRUPDFLRQHV/RVDQXQFLDQWHVQRTXLHUHQMXJDUVHVXSUHVWLJLRDSDUHFLHQGR
HQ SURJUDPDV FHQVXUDEOHV VRFLDOPHQWH 6L QR KD\ SDWURFLQDGRUHV QL SXEOLFLGDG QR SXHGH
KDEHU SURJUDPD (VWD HYLGHQFLD DEUH XQD SXHUWD LPSRUWDQWH D OD HVSHUDQ]D GH FDUD D
DSURYHFKDU ODV UHGHV VRFLDOHV SDUD FUHDU FRQFLHQFLD \ RULHQWDU VREUH ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
HGXFDWLYDV R QR GH FLHUWRV SURJUDPDV (VWD ~OWLPD H[SHULHQFLD MXQWR FRQ HO p[LWR GH ORV
FXDWURSURJUDPDVDQWHULRUPHQWHFLWDGRVSHUPLWHHQIRFDUHOIXWXURFRQXQFLHUWRRSWLPLVPR
32
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
$GHPiVGHODWHOHYLVLyQ\ODUDGLRGHHQWUHORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQKD\TXHFLWDUDOD
SUHQVD /RV SHULyGLFRV HQ JHQHUDO VH GHGLFDQ D GLIXQGLU LQIRUPDFLyQ SROtWLFD \ QRWLFLDV
&XULRVDPHQWH PXFKDV GH ODV LQIRUPDFLRQHV TXH WUDQVPLWHQ VRQ XQ HMHPSOR GHO
©DQDOIDEHWLVPR HPRFLRQDOª /DV VHFFLRQHV KDELWXDOHV GH XQ SHULyGLFR VXHOHQ VHU SROtWLFD
QDFLRQDO LQWHUQDFLRQDO DUWtFXORV GH RSLQLyQ FXOWXUD HVSHFWiFXORV GHSRUWHV HFRQRPtD
UHSRUWDMHV HWF $OJXQRV SHULyGLFRV WLHQHQ VHFFLRQHV GH HGXFDFLyQ XQD YH] D OD VHPDQD
SHUR OD HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO KD SDVDGR SUiFWLFDPHQWH GHVDSHUFLELGD KDVWD HO PRPHQWR
$XQ DVt DOJXQD YH] KDQ DSDUHFLGR UHSRUWDMHV UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO \
WHPDVDILQHV
(Q ©/D FRQWUDª GH /D 9DQJXDUGLD DSDUHFH XQD HQWUHYLVWD FRQ XQ HVSHFLDOLVWD HQ DOJ~Q
FDPSR FLHQFLD FXOWXUD SURIHVLRQHV HWF TXH D PHQXGR DGRSWD XQ FRQWHQLGR TXH VH
SRGUtD FRQVLGHUDU GH HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO 3RU HVWD SiJLQD KDQ SDVDGR LOXVWUHV
UHSUHVHQWDQWHV H LQYHVWLJDGRUHV GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO \ FRQVLGHUDPRV TXH HV XQ
UHIHUHQWHFLWDGRIUHFXHQWHPHQWHKDVWDWDOSXQWRTXHPXFKDVSHUVRQDVKDQH[SUHVDGRTXH
SDUD HOODV HV OR PiV LQWHUHVDQWH GH HVWH SHULyGLFR &RQVLGHUDPRV TXH HV XQ HMHPSOR GH
SUHVHQFLDGHHGXFDFLyQHQLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOTXHSXHGHGDUSLVWDV\DQLPDUSDUDRWUDV
H[SHULHQFLDVHQHVWHVHQWLGR
1RYDPRVDFRPHQWDUODVUHYLVWDVHVSHFLDOL]DGDVHQDXWRD\XGDODVFXDOHV\DWLHQHQXQRV
OHFWRUHV TXH EXVFDQ LQIRUPDFLRQHV UHODFLRQDGDV FRQ OD VDOXG \ HO GHVDUUROOR SHUVRQDO
6RODPHQWH FRPHQWDU TXH GHQWUR GHO DPSOLR EORTXH GH DXWRD\XGD WDQWR GH OLEURV FRPR
UHYLVWDV VH SXHGH HQFRQWUDU GH WRGR (Q OD PLVPD FDWHJRUtD KD\ WH[WRV GH JUDQ QLYHO \
EXHQDIXQGDPHQWDFLyQ MXQWRFRQ RWURVTXHVRQPiVSURSLRVGH FLHQFLDVRFXOWDV RVHFWDV
UHOLJLRVDV /RV OHFWRUHV GHEHQ WHQHU XQD LQIRUPDFLyQ SUHYLD \ XQ MXLFLR FUtWLFR SDUD SRGHU
VHOHFFLRQDUFRQFULWHULRORTXHYDQDOHHU
(QODHGLFLyQGHOGHODV-RUQDGDVGH(GXFDFLyQ(PRFLRQDOTXHFHOHEUDDQXDOPHQWHOD
8QLYHUVLWDW GH %DUFHORQD YHU ORV HQODFHV UHFRPHQGDGRV DO ILQDO GH HVWH FDStWXOR \ OHHU
WDPELpQHOFDStWXORGHHVWHLQIRUPHHOWHPDFRQGXFWRUIXH©/DHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDOHQ
ORV PHGLRV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQª (VWDV MRUQDGDV FRQWDURQ FRQ OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ GH SRQHQWHV
FRPR (GXDUG 3XQVHW *DVSDU +HUQjQGH] ,PD 6DQFKtV -RUGL 9LODUGHOO %RUMD 9LODVHFD \
RWURVDXWRUHV
0HGLDQWH HVWDV OtQHDV TXHUHPRV KDFHU XQD OODPDGD D ORV SURIHVLRQDOHV GH ORV PHGLRV GH
FRPXQLFDFLyQSDUDTXHVHLPSOLTXHQHQSUR\HFWRVHQIRFDGRVDOGHVDUUROORGHODLQWHOLJHQFLD
HPRFLRQDO(VWRUHTXLHUHVHQVLELOLGDG\FRQFLHQFLDFLyQVREUHODLPSRUWDQFLD\QHFHVLGDGGHO
WHPD7DPELpQUHTXLHUHXQFDPELRGHDFWLWXGHV\XQDIRUPDFLyQHQLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO
GHORVSURIHVLRQDOHVGHOPHGLRSDUDSRGHULQWURGXFLULQJUHGLHQWHVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQHOWHPD
HQSURJUDPDVWDQGLYHUVRV FRPRVHULHVWHOHYLVLYDVGRFXPHQWDOHV SURJUDPDV HGXFDWLYRV
33
DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL A LA EDUCACIÓN EMOCIONAL – RAFAEL BISQUERRA
SUHQVDOLEURVHWF(Op[LWRGHORVSURJUDPDV\H[SHULHQFLDVDQWHULRUPHQWHFLWDGRVSHUPLWH
YLVOXPEUDUHOIXWXURFRQHVSHUDQ]D
(QODFHVUHFRPHQGDGRV
-RUQDGDVGH(GXFDFLyQ(PRFLRQDO
KWWSZZZMRUQDGHVHGXFDFLRHPRFLRQDOFRPPDWHULDOHGLFLRQVDQWHULRUV
3URJUDPD%ULFRODWJH(PRFLRQDOHQ7HOHYLVLyGH&DWDOXQ\D
KWWSZZZWYFDWEULFRODWJHHPRFLRQDO
3URJUDPD)zUXP-XQLRUHQ7HOHYLVLyGH&DWDOXQ\D
KWWSZZZWYFDWIRUXPMXQLRULQGH[KWPO
3URJUDPD/¶2ILFLGH9LXUHHQ&DWDOXQ\D5jGLR
KWWSZZZFDWUDGLRFDWSURJUDPD/RILFLGHYLXUH
3URJUDPD5HGHV
KWWSZZZUWYHHVWHOHYLVLRQUHGHV
KWWSZZZUHGHVSDUDODFLHQFLDFRP
%LEOLRJUDItD
34
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
*yPH]%UXJXHUD-(GXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO\OHQJXDMHHQODHVFXHOD%DUFHORQD2FWDHGUR5RVD
6HQVDW
*523 $FWLYLGDGHV SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO HQ ORV QLxRV %DUFHORQD
3DUUDPyQ
*HOO00XxR]-&RRUG(GXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO3URJUDPDSDUDODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
SRVWREOLJDWRULD%DUFHORQD3UD[LV
+Xp*DUFtD&%LHQHVWDUGRFHQWH\SHQVDPLHQWRHPRFLRQDO0DGULG3UD[LV
,EDUUROD%&XHQWRVSDUDVHQWLU(GXFDUORVVHQWLPLHQWRV0DGULG60
/ySH]&DVVj((GXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO3URJUDPDSDUDDxRV%DUFHORQD3UD[LV
/ySH]&DVVj ( (GXFDU ODV HPRFLRQHV HQ OD LQIDQFLD GH D DxRV 5HIOH[LRQHV \
SURSXHVWDVSUiFWLFDV0DGULG:ROWHUV.OXZHU
0D\HU-\6DORYH\3:KDWLVHPRWLRQDOLQWHOOLJHQFH"
3DVFXDO)HUULV9&XDGUDGR%RQLOOD0(GXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO3URJUDPDGHDFWLYLGDGHVSDUD
HGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDREOLJDWRULD%DUFHORQD3UD[LV
3XQVHW((OYLDMHDODIHOLFLGDG%DUFHORQD'HVWLQR
3XQVHW((OYLDMHDODPRU%DUFHORQD'HVWLQR
3XQVHW(9LDMHDODVHPRFLRQHV%DUFHORQD'HVWLQR
3XQVHW(([FXVDVSDUDQRSHQVDU%DUFHORQD'HVWLQR
3XQVHW(9LDMHDORSWLPLVPR%DUFHORQD'HVWLQR
5HGRUWD-2ELROV0%LVTXHUUD5(PRFLyQ\FRQIOLFWR$SUHQGDDPDQHMDUODVHPRFLRQHV
%DUFHORQD3DLGyV
5HQRP$(GXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO3URJUDPDSDUDODHGXFDFLyQSULPDULD%DUFHORQD3UD[LV
6DORYH\ 5 \ 6OX\WHU '- (PRWLRQDO GHEHORSPHQW DQG HPRWLRQDO LQWHOOLJHQFH SS
1XHYD<RUN%DVLF%RRNV
6DORYH\ 3 0D\HU -' (PRWLRQDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH ,PDJLQDWLRQ &RJQLWLRQ DQG 3HUVRQDOLW\
6DVWUH*0RUHQR05HVROXFLyQGHFRQIOLFWRV\DSUHQGL]DMHHPRFLRQDO%DUFHORQD*HGLVD
6HJXUD 0 $UFDV 0 (GXFDU ODV HPRFLRQHV \ ORV VHQWLPLHQWRV ,QWURGXFFLyQ SUiFWLFD DO
FRPSOHMRPXQGRGHORVVHQWLPLHQWRV0DGULG1DUFHD
6KDSLUR/(/DLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOGHORVQLxRV%DUFHORQD(GLFLRQHV%
6ROHU - &RQDQJOD 00 (O DUWH GH WUDQVIRUPDU SRVLWLYDPHQWH ODV HPRFLRQHV /D HFRORJtD
HPRFLRQDO%DUFHORQD$PDW
9LGDO*yPH]-$SXQWHVGHSVLFRQHXURLQPXQRORJtD%DUFHORQD(GLFLRQVGHOD8QLYHUVLWDWGH
%DUFHORQD
35
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
,QWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOHQHODXOD
ÊOLD/ySH]&DVVj
&yPRGHVDUUROODUODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO
8QDIRUPDSDUDGHVDUUROODUODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOHVPHGLDQWHSURJUDPDVGHHGXFDFLyQ
HPRFLRQDO(VWRVSURJUDPDVGHEHUtDQLQLFLDUVHHQODVSULPHUDVHWDSDVGHODYLGD\DTXHHQ
HVWDVHGDGHVVHGDQODVSULPHUDVEDVHVGHDSUHQGL]DMH\UHODFLyQ3RUHMHPSORFXDQGRXQ
QLxR HPSLH]D D KDEODU HV LPSRUWDQWH GHFLUOH FRVDV UHODFLRQDGDV FRQ VXV HPRFLRQHV ©<D
YHR TXH WH VLHQWHV WULVWH SRUTXH PH HFKDV HQ IDOWDª ©7H VLHQWHV FRQWHQWR ¢YHUGDG" <R
WDPELpQ PH VLHQWR FRPR W~ £TXp DOHJUtDª &RQ HMHUFLFLRV VHQFLOORV GH HVWH WLSR OH
D\XGDPRVDSRQHUXQQRPEUHDVXVHPRFLRQHVFRPSDUWLPRVODVQXHVWUDV\FRQVHJXLPRV
TXHORVQLxRVDVRFLHQODHPRFLyQFRQXQDVLWXDFLyQYLYLGDORTXHIDYRUHFHHOGHVDUUROORGH
ODFRQFLHQFLDHPRFLRQDO\GHODHPSDWtD
1R WDQ VyOR QRV FHQWUDUHPRV HQ OD LQIDQFLD VLQR TXH HQ FXDOTXLHU HWDSD GH OD YLGD SRU
HMHPSOR HQ OD HWDSD HGXFDWLYD GH OD (GXFDFLyQ 6HFXQGDULD 2EOLJDWRULD (62 VH KDFH
QHFHVDULD OD DSOLFDFLyQ GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO /RV DGROHVFHQWHV QHFHVLWDQ
DXWRDILUPDUVHYDORUDUVXVFDSDFLGDGHV\OLPLWDFLRQHVWRPDUVXVSURSLDVGHFLVLRQHVWHQHU
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVVHQWLUVHDFHSWDGRVSRUORVGHPiVHWF(QFXDOTXLHUHGDGHVSULPRUGLDO
HO GHVDUUROOR GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO \D TXH QRV D\XGD D FRQRFHUQRV PHMRU FRPR
SHUVRQDV\DFRPSUHQGHUPHMRUDORVGHPiV
45
INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AULA – ÈLIA LÓPEZ CASSÀ
/DVDFWLYLGDGHVTXHVHGHVDUUROODQHQHODXODVRQHOSULQFLSDOYHKtFXORSDUDODUHODFLyQHQWUH
HO SURIHVRUDGR \ HO DOXPQDGR \ HV DOOt GRQGH VH SRQH HQ MXHJR OD FDUJD HPRFLRQDO \
DIHFWLYD /D PHWRGRORJtD HGXFDWLYD PiV HILFD] HV DTXHOOD EDVDGD HQ ORV FRQRFLPLHQWRV
SUHYLRVGHORVQLxRV\DGROHVFHQWHVHQVXVLQWHUHVHV\QHFHVLGDGHVSHUVRQDOHV\VRFLDOHV\
HQ VXV YLYHQFLDV GLUHFWDV 3DUD HOOR SXHGHQ D\XGDU UHFXUVRV GLGiFWLFRV LPiJHQHV
IRWRJUDItDVFDQFLRQHVFXHQWRVOLWHUDWXUDMXHJRVYtGHRVREMHWRVQRWLFLDVGHSUHQVDUROH
SOD\LQJ HWF TXH VXVFLWHQ OD FRQFLHQFLD HPRFLRQDO \ TXH RIUH]FDQ OD SRVLELOLGDG GH
H[SHULPHQWDU HPRFLRQHV &RQYLHQH RIUHFHU HVSDFLRV HQ HO DXOD GH UHIOH[LyQ \ GH
LQWURVSHFFLyQIRPHQWDUODFRPXQLFDFLyQFRQORVGHPiV\WUDEDMDUHQHTXLSR
(V HIHFWLYR SUHSDUDU HVSDFLRV DELHUWRV FRQ VLOODV R FRMLQHV HQ ORV TXH GHVGH XQD FLHUWD
FRPRGLGDGSRVWXUDOVH SXHGDQH[SRQHUFRPSDUWLU\YLYHQFLDU VLWXDFLRQHVGHDSUHQGL]DMH
HPRFLRQDO\IDYRUH]FDQODFRPXQLFDFLyQYLVXDO\FRUSRUDOGHORVDOXPQRV
(Q ODV SULPHUDV HGDGHV HVFRODUHV HV QHFHVDULD OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ FRQWLQXD HQWUH HO
SURIHVRUDGR \ODV IDPLOLDV (Q HVWDV HGDGHV HV FRQYHQLHQWH HOXVRGH PDWHULDOHV YLDMHURV
HQWHQGLGRV FRPR DTXHOORV TXH RIUHFHQ OD SRVLELOLGDG D ODV IDPLOLDV \ WDPELpQ D RWURV
HGXFDGRUHV GH TXH SXHGDQ SDUWLFLSDU GLUHFWDPHQWH HQ OD HGXFDFLyQ GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD
HPRFLRQDO6HWUDWDGHKDFHUOOHJDUDORVDJHQWHVHGXFDWLYRVORTXHVHWUDEDMDHQODHVFXHOD
VREUHLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOSDUDTXHWRPHQFRQFLHQFLDGHVXYDORUSHGDJyJLFR\SDUDTXH
SXHGDQFRQWULEXLUHQXQDHGXFDFLyQFRPSDUWLGD(QODDGROHVFHQFLDVHKDFHPiVKLQFDSLp
HQ HO WUDEDMR FRQ HO DOXPQDGR SDUD TXH pVWH SXHGD WUDQVIHULUOR D VX HQWRUQR \ D ODV
SHUVRQDVPiVSUy[LPDV
(O HQWRUQR HVFRODU HV LPSUHVFLQGLEOH SDUD IDYRUHFHU OD HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO +D\ GLYHUVDV
HVWUDWHJLDV SDUD SRQHUOD HQ SUiFWLFD 8QD GH HOODV HV LQWHJUiQGROD HQ ODV GLYHUVDV iUHDV
DFDGpPLFDV \ D OR ODUJR GH WRGRV ORV FXUVRV GH IRUPD WUDQVYHUVDO &XDQGR HVWR QR HV
SRVLEOH FRPR PtQLPR KDEUtD TXH SURFXUDU OOHJDU DO Pi[LPR GH PDWHULDV \ HQ WRGRV ORV
FXUVRVSRVLEOHV/DWXWRUtD\ODDVLJQDWXUDGHHGXFDFLyQSDUDODFLXGDGDQtDVRQXQHVSDFLR
LGyQHRSDUDODHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO
(V PX\ LPSRUWDQWH HO URO GHO SURIHVRU R SURIHVRUD HQ HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO \D TXH SRU
LPLWDFLyQ HO DOXPQR R DOXPQD DSUHQGH D GHVDUUROODU \ D SRQHU HQ SUiFWLFD VX SURSLD
LQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO(OSURIHVRUFRQVXVDFWLWXGHV\FRPSRUWDPLHQWRVSXHGHRIUHFHUXQ
FOLPDGHVHJXULGDGUHVSHWR\FRQILDQ]DDQWHORVDOXPQRVTXHGHVHDHGXFDU3RUHMHPSOR
HODGXOWRWUDQVPLWH\FRQWDJLDVXHVWDGRHPRFLRQDODWUDYpVGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQYHUEDO\QR
46
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
YHUEDOFRPRJHVWRVWRQRGHYR]FRQWDFWRItVLFRHWF6LHODGXOWRFDGDYH]TXHVHHQIDGD
FKLOODHOQLxRDSUHQGHUiDKDFHUORPLVPRFRQORVGHPiV
(O SURIHVRU GHEH GHVDUUROODU VX FDSDFLGDG HPSiWLFD FRQ HO DOXPQR SDUD SRGHU HVWDEOHFHU
UHODFLRQHVGHFRQILDQ]D\FRUGLDOLGDG'HEHVHUUHFHSWLYRDOFRQWDFWRKXPDQRSDUDIDFLOLWDU
TXHODFRPXQLFDFLyQDIHFWXRVDVHDILDQFHHQODVUHODFLRQHVSRVLWLYDVHQWUHODVSHUVRQDV
$VtSXHVHOSURIHVRUDGRGHEHVHQVLELOL]DUVH\IRUPDUVHHQFRPSHWHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHVFRPR
SDVR SUHYLR D OD HGXFDFLyQ GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO 3DUD HOOR SXHGH UHDOL]DU FXUVRV
OHFWXUDVLQWHUFDPELRVGHH[SHULHQFLDVHWF(OSURIHVRUWXWRUWLHQHXQSHVRUHOHYDQWHHQOD
DSOLFDFLyQGHSURJUDPDVGHHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO\DTXHHVHOUHIHUHQWHLQPHGLDWRGHVXV
DOXPQRV\DOXPQDVSRURWUDSDUWHVXHOHVHUHOTXHWLHQHPiVFRQWDFWRFRQHOORVDORODUJR
GHODVHPDQD
/D HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO GHEHUtD WHQHU FRQWLQXLGDG D OR ODUJR GH OD HVFRODULGDG DVt FRPR
GLVSRQHUGHP~OWLSOHVRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDOOHYDUDODSUiFWLFDHVWRVDSUHQGL]DMHV<QRVROR
GHQWUR GHO HVSDFLR HVFRODU VLQR WDPELpQ HQ OD IDPLOLD DFWLYLGDGHV H[WUDHVFRODUHV WLHPSR
OLEUHHWF&XDQGRVHWUDWDGHGHVDUUROODUFRPSHWHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHVWRGRHOSURFHVRYLWDO
GHEH FRQYHUWLUVH HQ HO HVFHQDULR GHO FDPELR SRUTXH OD YLGD PLVPD HV OD PHMRU GH ODV
HVFXHODV
/DSUiFWLFDGHODHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDOHQHODXOD
(QHVWHDSDUWDGRVHH[SRQHQDOJXQRVHMHUFLFLRVSUiFWLFRVTXHIDYRUHFHQHOGHVDUUROORGHOD
LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO (V LPSRUWDQWH OOHYDUODV D FDER GH IRUPD LQWHQFLRQDO \ VLVWHPiWLFD
(Q WRGR HO SURFHVR HV PX\ LPSRUWDQWH OD LPSOLFDFLyQ \ HO HQWXVLDVPR GHO SURIHVRU (Q OD
PHGLGDHQTXHHOSURIHVRUORKDFHSRUSURSLDFRQYLFFLyQORVUHVXOWDGRVVRQPiVHIHFWLYRV
¢&yPRPHVLHQWR"
(VWD DFWLYLGDG FRQVLVWH HQ TXH ORV QLxRV \ QLxDV FRQWHVWHQ D OD SUHJXQWD ©¢&yPR PH
VLHQWR"ª (O DOXPQDGR GHEH DSUHQGHU D LQWHULRUL]DU IRUPDV GH H[SUHVDUVH \ UHODFLRQDUVH
FRQHOPXQGRHPRFLRQDO3DUDHOORHVQHFHVDULRWUDEDMDUSUHYLDPHQWHFRQXQYRFDEXODULR
TXHD\XGHDLGHQWLILFDU \UHFRQRFHUODVSURSLDV HPRFLRQHV3DUD HOORVHSXHGHQSUHVHQWDU
XQRV WpUPLQRV HPRFLRQDOHV EiVLFRV TXH VH LUiQ DPSOLDQGR FRQ OD HGDG DOHJUtD WULVWH]D
HQIDGRYHUJHQ]DPLHGRVHQWLUVHTXHULGRIHOL]HWF
(O SURIHVRU GHEH WDPELpQ IRUPDU SDUWH GH OD DFWLYLGDG \ DO LJXDO TXH VX DOXPQDGR GHEH
H[SUHVDU FyPRVHVLHQWH$ YHFHVORVQLxRV\QLxDVH[SUHVDQ VXV HPRFLRQHVGHIRUPDQR
47
INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AULA – ÈLIA LÓPEZ CASSÀ
YHUEDO (Q WDO FDVR HO DGXOWR GHEH DFRPSDxDU HVWD H[SUHVLyQ FRQ XQD SDODEUD TXH
LGHQWLILTXHODHPRFLyQTXHVLHQWH
3LHQVR\VLHQWRFRVDVSRVLWLYDV
8QDIRUPDSDUDD\XGDUDVHQWLUVHPHMRUHVSHQVDUHQFRVDVSRVLWLYDV\VHQWLUODV3DUDHVWH
ILQ FRQYLHQH GHGLFDU WLHPSR D TXH HO DOXPQDGR PXHVWUH FLHUWRV SHQVDPLHQWRV SDUD TXH
SXHGDQJHQHUDUHPRFLRQHVSRVLWLYDVHQHOORVPLVPRV\FRQWDJLDUODVDORVGHPiV+HDTXt
DOJXQRVHMHPSORV
©&XDQGRSLHQVRHQPLVDQLPDOHVGHFRPSDxtDPHVLHQWRPX\DOHJUHª
©&XDQGRYR\DYHUDPLVDEXHORVGLVIUXWRPXFKRHOGtDª
©&XDQGRSLHQVRHQODVYDFDFLRQHVVLHQWRJDQDVGHGLYHUWLUPHª
©&XDQGRSLHQVRHQIORUHVGHFRORUHVPHVLHQWRWUDQTXLORª
6LDGHPiVGHH[SUHVDUHVWRVPHQVDMHVRUDOPHQWHORVHVFULELPRV\ORVH[SRQHPRVHQDOJ~Q
HVSDFLRItVLFRHQHODXODHVWRVSXHGHQWHQHUXQDPD\RUUHSHUFXVLyQSRVLWLYDFRQORTXHVH
IDYRUHFHUiHOELHQHVWDUGHOFRQMXQWRGHODFODVH
0HFXLGDQ\PHFXLGR
/OHYDU D OD SUiFWLFD VLWXDFLRQHV HQ ODV TXH ODV SHUVRQDV VH VLHQWDQ FXLGDGDV \ UHVSHWDGDV
SRUORVGHPiVQRWDQVRORIDYRUHFHODVUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHVVLQRTXHWDPELpQFRQWULEX\HDOD
SURSLDDXWRHVWLPD&RQYLHQHUHDOL]DUHVWDVSUiFWLFDVSULPHURFRQXQRPLVPRSDUDFRQRFHU
VXVEHQHILFLRV\SDUDIDPLOLDUL]DUVHFRQHOODV
%DLODUVLQSHUGHUHOFRQWDFWRItVLFR\YLVXDOFRQRWUDSHUVRQD
'HFLUVHFRVDVSRVLWLYDV\PHQVDMHVSRVLWLYRVSDUDVHQWLUVHTXHULGR\UHFRQRFLGR
3UDFWLFDUORVDEUD]RV
6HQWLU\FRPXQLFDUHPRFLRQHV
7RGDSHUVRQDQHFHVLWDVHQWLUVHHVFXFKDGDVREUHWRGRFXDQGRVLHQWHPDOHVWDU'LVSRQHUGH
WLHPSR SDUD TXH ORV QLxRV \ QLxDV H[SUHVHQ VXV DJUDGHFLPLHQWRV IHOLFLWDFLRQHV TXHMDV \
FRQIOLFWRV HV XQD IRUPD HQ OD TXH GHVDUUROODUiQ VXV FDSDFLGDGHV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ \
48
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
UHODFLyQDSUHQGHUiQDHPSDWL]DUFRQORVGHPiV\VHUiQPiVDVHUWLYRV(VWDQLPSRUWDQWH
H[SUHVDUHPRFLRQHV\VLWXDFLRQHVSRVLWLYDVFRPRQHJDWLYDV
(Q HO DXOD VH SXHGHQ SRQHU GRV EX]RQHV HQ ORV TXH HO DOXPQDGR SXHGD GHSRVLWDU VXV
PHQVDMHV SDUD TXH SXHGDQ VHU H[SUHVDGRV \ FRPSDUWLGRV FRQ ORV GHPiV 8QR VHUi HO
EX]yQ GHO ELHQHVWDU \ HO RWUR HO GHO PDOHVWDU 'XUDQWH XQD VHPDQD XQD YH] DO GtD VH
DEULUiQORVEX]RQHVSDUDTXHVXVPHQVDMHVVHDQOHtGRVH[SUHVDGRV\FRPSDUWLGRVFRQORV
GHPiV /D H[SUHVLyQ \ FRQFLHQFLD HPRFLRQDO HV XQ SDVR SUHYLR SDUD EXVFDU VROXFLRQHV
FRQMXQWDV
(OHQIDGR
(O HQIDGR HV XQD HPRFLyQ TXH GHEH H[SUHVDUVH GH IRUPD
DSURSLDGD QR GH IRUPD LPSXOVLYD \D TXH HVR FRQOOHYD D XQD
IDOWDGHUHJXODFLyQHPRFLRQDO
0HHQIDGRFRQORVGHPiVFXDQGR«««««««
&XDQGRPHHQIDGRQRWRTXHPLFXHUSR«««««««
&XDQGRORVGHPiVPHPXHVWUDQVXHQIDGRPHVLHQWR««««««
&XDQGRPHHQIDGR«««««««
3RVWHULRUPHQWHVHFRPSDUWLUiQORVPHQVDMHVFRPSOHWDGRVHQSHTXHxRJUXSRSDUDGLVFXWLU
\SRQHUHQFRP~QORVDVSHFWRVVHPHMDQWHV\GLIHUHQWHV
(V LQWHUHVDQWH FRQRFHU ODV DSRUWDFLRQHV GH ORV GLIHUHQWHV JUXSRV SDUD UHIOH[LRQDU
FRQMXQWDPHQWH\DGRSWDUFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVTXHVHDQ~WLOHVSDUDHOJUXSR
$OILQDOVHSXHGHQUHGDFWDUPHQVDMHVHQORVTXHVHVLQWHWLFHQODVLGHDV\DSRUWDFLRQHVGHO
JUXSRFODVHFRPRSRUHMHPSOR
49
INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AULA – ÈLIA LÓPEZ CASSÀ
7RGDSHUVRQDVHSXHGHHQIDGDUFXDQGR«««««««
3DUDUHJXODUODHPRFLyQGHHQIDGRVHSXHGH«««««««
&XDQGRORVGHPiVPHH[SUHVDQVXHQIDGR\R«««««««
/DUHFHWDHPRFLRQDO
(Q HVWD DFWLYLGDG FDGD DOXPQR GHEH LPDJLQDUVH TXH HV FRFLQHUR \ GHEH HVFRJHU GH ORV
VLJXLHQWHV ©LQJUHGLHQWHV HPRFLRQDOHVª XQ FRQMXQWR GH HPRFLRQHV TXH IRUPDUiQ SDUWH GH
VX©UHFHWDªIHOLFLGDGWULVWH]DWUDQTXLOLGDGYHUJHQ]DSDVLyQLOXVLyQUDELDDVFRDPRU
HVSHUDQ]D PLHGR DOHJUtD (V LQWHUHVDQWH TXH FRQWHVWHQ LQGLYLGXDOPHQWH D HVWDV
SUHJXQWDV
¢3RUTXpKDVHVFRJLGRHVWRVLQJUHGLHQWHV\QRRWURV"
¢6LWXYLHUDVTXHHODERUDUXQDUHFHWDSDUDRWUDSHUVRQDDTXLHQHOHJLUtDV"¢3RU
TXp"
¢4XpLQJUHGLHQWHVSRGUtDVHQODUHFHWD"¢3RUTXp"
&RPSDUWHWXUHFHWDFRQORVGHPiV\MXVWLILFDODHOHFFLyQGHLQJUHGLHQWHVTXHKDV
KHFKR
/DGXFKD
8QDSURSXHVWDTXHD\XGDDIDYRUHFHUHOELHQHVWDUItVLFR \PHQWDOGHORVQLxRV\QLxDVHV
PHGLDQWHODSUiFWLFDGHOPDVDMH(OPDVDMHHVWDPELpQXQDEXHQDSUiFWLFDSDUDIRUWDOHFHU
YtQFXORVDIHFWLYRVFRQXQRPLVPR\FRQORVGHPiV\GHVDUUROODUXQDEXHQDDXWRHVWLPD
(VWD DFWLYLGDG FRQVLVWH HQ UHSURGXFLU GLIHUHQWHV PDVDMHV FRPR VL HO QLxR R QLxD HVWXYLHUD
©GXFKiQGRVHª 3ULPHUR HO PDVDMH GH OD GXFKD HV HQVHxDGR SRU HO SURIHVRU SDUD TXH
GHVSXpVSXHGHQ UHDOL]DUORORVDOXPQRV HQWUHHOORV RELHQSUDFWLFiUVHOR DVtPLVPRV (VWRV
VRQORVSDVRVSDUDUHSURGXFLUXQD©GXFKDªPHGLDQWHHOPDVDMH
/RVGHGRVGHODVPDQRVVHPXHYHQSRUWRGRHOFXHUSRFRPRVLIXHUDQJRWDVGH
DJXDHODJXD
0DVDMHVFRQWRGDODSDOPDGHODVPDQRV\KDFLHQGRPRYLPLHQWRVURWDWLYRV
HQMDERQDGR
/RVGHGRVGHODVPDQRVVHPXHYHQFRPRVLIXHUDQJRWDVGHDJXDHODJXD
50
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
/DVPDQRVDELHUWDVWRFDQGRHOFXHUSRFRPRVLIXHVHXQDWRDOODVHFDGR
/DVPDQRVDELHUWDVUHDOL]DQGRPRYLPLHQWRVDVFHQGHQWHV\GHVFHQGHQWHVFRPR
VLSXVLpUDPRVFUHPDFRUSRUDO
8QDEUD]RR©DXWRDEUD]RªFRPRVLIXHUDHODOERUQR]
(OSURIHVRURSURIHVRUDSUHJXQWDUiDORVDOXPQRVFyPRVHVLHQWHQTXpOHVKDJXVWDGRTXp
QROHVKDJXVWDGRWDQWR\OHVDQLPDUiDTXHSXHGDQSUDFWLFDUORFRQVXVVHUHVTXHULGRV
/DFDMDGHORVDIHFWRV
/D FDMD GH ORV DIHFWRV HV XQD SURSXHVWD TXH D\XGD D GHVSOHJDU HVWUDWHJLDV GH UHODFLyQ \
DSUR[LPDFLyQ KDFLD XQR PLVPR \ KDFLD ORV GHPiV GHVDUUROODQGR SUiFWLFDV FRPXQLFDWLYDV
YHUEDOHV\QRYHUEDOHVDVtFRPRSRWHQFLDQGRXQDEXHQDDXWRHVWLPD
(O SURIHVRU PRVWUDUi XQD FDMD GHFRUDGD FRQ WRQRV FODURV \ DWUDFWLYRV \ HQ HOOD VH
GHSRVLWDUiQ WRGDV ODV SRVLEOHV PDQHUDV GH PRVWUDU DIHFWRV (VWR VH SXHGH KDFHU
GHSRVLWDQGRPHQVDMHVHVFULWRVIRWRJUDItDVREMHWRVHWF/DFDMDVHDEULUiHQORVPRPHQWRV
HQTXHVHQHFHVLWHWUDVPLWLUPXHVWUDVGHDIHFWRHVWLPDFLyQ\FDULxRDDOJXLHQ
'HILHQGHWXVGHUHFKRV
(QHVWDDFWLYLGDGORVQLxRV\QLxDVLGHQWLILFDUiQORVFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVDVHUWLYRVDJUHVLYRV\
VXPLVRV(QSULPHUOXJDUHOSURIHVRUSHGLUiDORVDOXPQRVTXHEXVTXHQLQIRUPDFLyQVREUH
ORV FRQFHSWRV ©DVHUWLYRª ©DJUHVLYRª \ ©VXPLVRª 3DUD HOOR SXHGHQ SUHJXQWDU EXVFDU
LQIRUPDFLyQSRU,QWHUQHWFRQVXOWDUOLEURVHWF
3RVWHULRUPHQWH VH H[SRQH HQ JUDQ JUXSR OD GHILQLFLyQ GH FDGD FRQFHSWR SDUD FRPSDUWLU
HQWUHWRGRVHOPLVPRVLJQLILFDGR(QSHTXHxRVJUXSRVGHWUDEDMRORVDOXPQRVWHQGUiQTXH
EXVFDUHMHPSORVGHORVWUHVWLSRVGHFRPSRUWDPLHQWR\JHQHUDUXQDOLVWDGHHOORV
)LQDOPHQWH VH SRQHQ HQ SUiFWLFD SRU SDUHMDV XQD GHODQWH GH OD RWUD FDGD XQR GH ORV
FRPSRUWDPLHQWRVTXHKDQGLFKRORVGHPiVJUXSRV\HVWRVGHEHQFODVLILFDUORVVHJ~QVHDXQ
FRPSRUWDPLHQWR DJUHVLYR VXPLVR R DVHUWLYR 3RU HMHPSOR PLUDUVH D ORV RMRV DO KDEODU
DVHUWLYRFKLOODUDJUHVLYRREDMDUODFDEH]DVXPLVR
8QD YH] YLYHQFLDGR D QLYHO GH JUXSR HV LQWHUHVDQWH FRQRFHU FyPR VH KDQ VHQWLGR ORV
DOXPQRV DQWH ORV WUHV WLSRV GH FRPSRUWDPLHQWR \ YDORUDU ORV FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV PiV
SRVLWLYRVSDUDODVUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHV\ODDXWRHVWLPD
51
INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AULA – ÈLIA LÓPEZ CASSÀ
$IHFWRV
(Q HVWD SURSXHVWD ORV DOXPQRV H[SUHVDUiQ VXV VHQWLPLHQWRV \ HPRFLRQHV SRVLWLYDV D ORV
FRPSDxHURV \ FRPSDxHUDV GH FODVH (V LPSRUWDQWH SRWHQFLDU HO HVIXHU]R \ OD LPSOLFDFLyQ
SDUD SDUWLFLSDU HQ HVWH WLSR GH DFWLYLGDGHV (O SURIHVRU SURFXUDUi WDPELpQ TXH HQWUH HOORV
HVWpQORVDOXPQRVPHQRVSRSXODUHVRLQFOXVRUHFKD]DGRVSRUSDUWHGHOJUXSR
6H RUJDQL]D HO JUXSR SRU SDUHMDV D HVFRJHU SRU HODOXPQDGR 7RGRV WHQGUiQ XQD SDUHMD
6HKDFHQGRVFtUFXORVXQFtUFXORLQWHULRU\XQFtUFXORH[WHULRUHQHOTXHODVSDUHMDVHVWiQ
XQDDOIUHQWHGHODRWUD3ULPHURHPSLH]DHOFtUFXORH[WHULRUGXUDQWHVHJXQGRVWHQHPRV
TXH GHFLUOH D OD SHUVRQD TXH WHQHPRV GHODQWH WRGR OR TXH VHQWLPRV SRVLWLYDPHQWH KDFLD
HOOD/DRWUDSHUVRQDVRORHVFXFKDQRKDEOD
3RVWHULRUPHQWH WUDQVFXUULGRV ORV VHJXQGRV OD RWUD SHUVRQD SXHGH DJUDGHFHUOH
GLFLpQGROHJUDFLDVGiQGROHXQDSUHWyQGHPDQRVXQDEUD]RHWFORVPHQVDMHVSRVLWLYRV
UHFLELGRV 'HVSXpV VH UHDOL]DUi OR PLVPR GDQGR WXUQR DO FtUFXOR LQWHULRU /RV GRV FtUFXORV
URWDUiQ FRQ OD ILQDOLGDG GH TXH VH HQFXHQWUHQ RWUDV SDUHMDV \ VH UHSLWD HO SURFHVR (V
LQWHUHVDQWH FRQRFHU FyPR VH KDQ VHQWLGR ORV DOXPQRV TXp PHQVDMHV KDQ UHFLELGR TXp
FRPSDxHURRFRPSDxHUDOHVKDVRUSUHQGLGRHWF
/DUDGLR
8QDYH]RUJDQL]DGDVODVSDUHMDVGHEHQDFRUGDUXQWHPDTXHVHDFRQWURYHUWLGRRSROpPLFR
8QDGHODVGRVSHUVRQDVKDUiGHORFXWRUGHUDGLR\HORWURGHR\HQWH(OORFXWRUVHOLPLWDD
FRPXQLFDUODQRWLFLD\HOR\HQWHDHVFXFKDU
(OR\HQWHVRORLQWHUYHQGUiFXDQGRHOORFXWRUOHGpSHUPLVRSDUDKDFHUORFRPRLQYLWDGRGHOD
WHUWXOLD 3RVWHULRUPHQWH VH LQWHUFDPELDUiQ ORV UROHV ([SRQHPRV DOJXQDV SUHJXQWDV D
UHIOH[LRQDUSRUSDUHMDV\HQJUDQJUXSR
52
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
¢4XpUROWHKDJXVWDGRPiV"¢3RUTXp"¢4XpQRWHKDJXVWDGRGHORWURURO"
¢&yPRWHVLHQWHVFXDQGRWHKDEODQVLQPLUDUWH\DOQRSRGHUYHUORVJHVWRVGHOD
RWUDSHUVRQD"
¢4XpWHFXHVWDPiVHVFXFKDURKDEODU"¢3RUTXp"
4XLpQVR\\TXLpQHUHV
$ WUDYpV GH HVWD DFWLYLGDG VH IDYRUHFH HO FRQRFLPLHQWR GH XQR PLVPR \ GH ORV GHPiV
LGHQWLILFDU \ UHFRQRFHU ODV HPRFLRQHV SURSLDV \ DMHQDV FRPXQLFDU \ GLDORJDU FRQ ORV
FRPSDxHURV\FRPSDxHUDVGHFODVH
(VWD DFWLYLGDG WLHQH XQ UHTXLVLWR SUHYLR &DGD DOXPQR R DOXPQDGH OD FODVH GHEH HVFRJHU
WUHV REMHWRV SHUVRQDOHV TXH D\XGHQ D LGHQWLILFDUOH FRPR SHUVRQD 3XHGHQ VHU REMHWRV
IDYRULWRVUHFXHUGRVFRVDVGHXVRFRWLGLDQRHWF&DGDDOXPQRWUDHUiXQDFDMDFRQVXVWUHV
REMHWRV3DUDHOORQRSXHGHQYHUTXLpQGHSRVLWDODFDMLWDGHQWURGHXQDJUDQFDMD
/RVDOXPQRVVHVLHQWDQHQFtUFXOR\YDQVDFDQGRFDGDXQDGHODVFDMLWDV&DGDXQRDEULUi
XQD \ UHVSHWDQGR HO WXUQR LUi GHVFULELHQGR ORV REMHWRV TXH HVWiQ HQ OD FDMD \ GLUi HO
QRPEUHGHXQDSRVLEOHSHUVRQDTXH VHDVHPHMH HQVXSHUILOGHVFULSWLYR 3RU HMHPSOR©$
HVWDSHUVRQDOHJXVWD«VHGHEHVHQWLU«FUHRTXHSXHGHVHU«ª8QDYH]GLFKRHOQRPEUH
ORVGHPiVSXHGHQRSLQDU
$VtVHKDUiFRQFDGDXQDGHODVFDMLWDVSDUDTXHILQDOPHQWHFDGDSHUVRQDGHVFXEUDFXiOHV
ODVX\D\SRUTXpKDHVFRJLGRGLFKRV REMHWRV 6LVHTXLHUHVHSXHGHXWLOL]DUOiSL]\SDSHO
SDUD UHFRJHU HQ IRUPD GH OLVWD ORV SRVLEOHV SURSLHWDULRV GH ODV FDMLWDV (V LQWHUHVDQWH
LQWHUFDPELDUODVSURSLDVHPRFLRQHV\YLYHQFLDVHQODUHDOL]DFLyQGHHVWDDFWLYLGDG
/DDGROHVFHQFLD\ODVH[SHULHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHV
'HOPLVPRPRGRTXHHQHVWHGRFXPHQWRKDFHPRVUHIHUHQFLDDODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODQLxH]
ODDGROHVFHQFLDHVXQDHWDSDHYROXWLYDTXHGHEHVHUUHFRQRFLGDFRPSUHQGLGD\DFHSWDGD
SRU ORV DGXOWRV /RV DGROHVFHQWHV QHFHVLWDQ D ORV DGXOWRV SDUD FRQVWUXLUVH LQWHJUDOPHQWH
FRPRSHUVRQDV\SDUDVXSUHSDUDFLyQSDUDODYLGDLQGHSHQGLHQWH
&RQ HVWDV OtQHDV SUHWHQGHPRV GDU D FRQRFHU OD DGROHVFHQFLD FRPR XQ SURFHVR TXH VH
HQFXHQWUDHQWUHODLQIDQFLD\ODYLGDDGXOWD(VXQSHUtRGRSDUDDSUHQGHUDFRQYHUWLUVHHQ
DGXOWRQRSDUDFRQYHUWLUVHHQXQDGROHVFHQWHFRQp[LWR3RUHOORQRVUHIHULUHPRVDDOJXQRV
DVSHFWRV TXH YLYH HO DGROHVFHQWH \ TXH QHFHVLWDQ GHO DSR\R GH TXLpQ OH URGHD \ GH OD
HGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO
53
INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN EL AULA – ÈLIA LÓPEZ CASSÀ
/D DGROHVFHQFLD HV VtQWRPD GH LQHVWDELOLGDG HPRFLRQDO (Q HVD HGDG ORV MyYHQHV SDVDQ
V~ELWDPHQWH GH OD GHVHVSHUDFLyQ D OD HXIRULD GHO HQDPRUDPLHQWR D OD FXOSD GHO
DEXUULPLHQWRDODH[FLWDFLyQ/DVHPRFLRQHVHVWiQHQFRQVWDQWHFDPELR\VLQRVHOHVD\XGD
DUHJXODUODVODVFRQGXFWDVSXHGHQUHVXOWDULPSXOVLYDV\GHVFRQWURODGDV
(O DGROHVFHQWH VH FLHUUD HQ Vt PLVPR VH YXHOYH HJRFpQWULFR HVWi WDQ SUHRFXSDGR SRU VX
SURSLDSHUVRQDTXHWLHQGHFRQIUHFXHQFLDDQRFRQVLGHUDUODSHUVSHFWLYDDMHQD7RGRVHVWRV
FRQVWLWX\HQDVSHFWRVTXHGDxDQVXVUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHV\VXDXWRHVWLPD
(O DGROHVFHQWH WDPELpQ GHEH DVXPLU VX QXHYD LPDJHQ FRUSRUDO GHVDUUROODU ODV GLIHUHQWHV
GLPHQVLRQHV GH VX LGHQWLGDG DFHSWDU H[SHULPHQWDU \ UHJXODU VX VH[XDOLGDG DSUHQGHU D
XWLOL]DU FRQ IOH[LELOLGDG VXV QXHYDV FDSDFLGDGHV FRJQLWLYDV DIURQWDU OD SUHVLyQ GH ORV
FRPSDxHURV \ OD SUHVLyQ HVFRODU 'HEH SRQHU D SUXHED VX FDSDFLGDG GH DIURQWDPLHQWR
FRVDQDGDIiFLO3RUWRGRHOORHODGXOWRQRGHEHGHVYLQFXODUVHGHODGROHVFHQWH\DTXHHVWH
D~QORQHFHVLWD
(VEDVWDQWHIUHFXHQWH\GLItFLOILMDUOtPLWHVDORVDGROHVFHQWHV\DTXHVRQFRQVFLHQWHVTXH
RWURVGHVXPLVPDHGDGJR]DQGHPD\RUHVOLEHUWDGHVTXHHOORV/RVOtPLWHVFRQWULEX\HQD
TXH ORV DGROHVFHQWHV FRQR]FDQ VXV REMHWLYRV SDUD HQFDPLQDU VXV HVIXHU]RV \ DFFLRQHV \
ORVDGXOWRVGHEHQD\XGDUOHVDPDUFDUXQRVREMHWLYRVUHDOLVWDV\FRQVWUXFWLYRVSDUDTXHORV
DGROHVFHQWHVVHVLHQWDQDXWyQRPRVUHVSRQVDEOHV\FRQVLGHUDGRV
$Vt SXHV HV QHFHVDULR TXH DSUHQGDQ D XWLOL]DU VXV FRPSHWHQFLDV HPRFLRQDOHV \ TXH HO
DGXOWR HVWp D VX ODGR DQWH ORV PRPHQWRV GH FULVLV \ YXOQHUDELOLGDG DXQTXH HQ DOJXQRV
PRPHQWRV VLHQWD TXH HO DGROHVFHQWH OR UHFKD]D \ PXHVWUH GHVFRQILDQ]D KDFLD pO (Q HVWH
VHQWLGRORVSDGUHV\HOSURIHVRUDGRMXHJDQXQSDSHOPX\LPSRUWDQWHSDUDDVHJXUDUTXHHO
DGROHVFHQWH VH FRQYLHUWD HQ XQ DGXOWR HPRFLRQDOPHQWH LQWHOLJHQWH VLQ SDVDU SRU DOWR HO
RIUHFHUOHDPRUKXPRUOtPLWHV\FRPXQLFDFLyQ
3DUD PiV LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH SURJUDPDV GH HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO FHQWUDGRV HQ OD
DGROHVFHQFLD FRQVXOWDU HO DSDUWDGR ©6($/ HQ HGXFDFLyQ VHFXQGDULD GH (62ª GHO
FDStWXOR GH HVWH LQIRUPH ©,PSOHPHQWDFLyQ GH HQIRTXHV JOREDOHV HQ HO 3URJUDPD 6($/
6RFLDO DQG (PRWLRQDO $VSHFWV RI /HDUQLQJ GHO 5HLQR 8QLGRª $VLPLVPR SDUD DPSOLDU
FRQRFLPLHQWRV VREUH HO $6( HQ ODV DXODV FRQVXOWDU HO FDStWXOR ©5HIHUHQFLDV
ELEOLRJUiILFDVSDUDODSUiFWLFDª
54
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
%LEOLRJUDItD
55
LAS CLAVES DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL
/DVFODYHVGHODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO
2FWDYL3ODQHOOV
9HQLPRVDOPXQGRHTXLSDGRVFRQXQFRQMXQWRGHUHDFFLRQHVLQFRQVFLHQWHVTXHFRQVWLWX\HQ
XQPHFDQLVPRVDELRFRQHOTXHODQDWXUDOH]DKDSODQLILFDGRODVXSHUYLYHQFLDGHODHVSHFLH
ODVHPRFLRQHVEiVLFDV\XQLYHUVDOHV/DHPRFLyQHVDTXHOORTXHQRVLPSHOHDTXHUHUHVWDU
YLYRV HQ LQWHUDFFLyQ FRQVWDQWH FRQ HO PXQGR \ QRVRWURV PLVPRV /D SDUWH HPRFLRQDO GH
QXHVWURFHUHEURJXtDORVSODQHV\GHFLVLRQHVTXHWRPDPRVHQQXHVWUDYLGD/DVHPRFLRQHV
VRQODEDVHIXQGDPHQWDOGHOSURSLRSURFHVRGHUD]RQDPLHQWR\ODWRPDGHGHFLVLRQHV
En la piel de otros
6DEHUH[SUHVDUQXHVWUDVHPRFLRQHVHVFODYHWDQWRSDUDFRPSUHQGHUODVGHORVGHPiVFRPR
SDUDTXHORVGHPiVQRVFRPSUHQGDQ(VWDFRQH[LyQFRQORVVHQWLPLHQWRVDMHQRVQRVKDFH
SDUWtFLSHVGHODV HPRFLRQHVFROHFWLYDV \PHMRUDQXHVWUDLQWHJUDFLyQ VRFLDO/DLQWHOLJHQFLD
HPRFLRQDOUHTXLHUHGHDOWDVKDELOLGDGHVHQODVUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHV\SDUDHOORODHPSDWtDHV
IXQGDPHQWDO$GHPiVODHPSDWtDFRQVWLWX\HXQSLODUEiVLFRSDUDSRGHUHGXFDUDQXHVWURV
KLMRVGHVGHODFRPSUHQVLyQ
/D LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO IDYRUHFH OD FDSDFLGDG GH WRPDU FRQFLHQFLD GH ODV HPRFLRQHV
SURSLDV\DMHQDV\GHJHVWLRQDUGLFKDVHPRFLRQHVSDUDGLULJLUORVSURSLRVSHQVDPLHQWRV\
DFFLRQHV/DHYLGHQFLDHPStULFDDSXQWDKDFLDHIHFWRVSRVLWLYRVGHODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO
HQGLYHUVRVDVSHFWRVGHQXHVWUDVYLGDVHQWUHRWURVPHQRUHVQLYHOHVGHHVWUpVUHGXFFLyQ
GHFRQIOLFWRVGHFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVGHULHVJRPD\RUUHVLOLHQFLDPiVFDSDFLGDGSDUDVDEHU
116
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
HQFDMDUODIUXVWUDFLyQPD\RUUHQGLPLHQWRDFDGpPLFR\HQ~OWLPRWpUPLQRXQDPHMRUDGHO
ELHQHVWDUHPRFLRQDO
0HMRUDUQXHVWUDLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOSDVDSRUGRPLQDUFLQFRKDELOLGDGHVIXQGDPHQWDOHV
ODVGHQRPLQDGDVFRPSHWHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHV3ULPHURKD\TXHWHQHUFRQFLHQFLDHPRFLRQDO
SRGHU UHFRQRFHU ODV HPRFLRQHV \ VHQWLPLHQWRV TXH QRV DIORUDQ /XHJR OHMRV GH UHSULPLU
HVWDV HPRFLRQHV KD\ TXH VDEHU UHJXODUODV DQWH VLWXDFLRQHV WDQWR IDYRUDEOHV FRPR
DGYHUVDV/DLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOWDPELpQVHFRQVWUX\HFRQGRVLVGHHPSDWtDGHVDEHU
SRQHUVHHQODSLHOGHORVGHPiV\FRPSUHQGHUORVVHQWLPLHQWRVDMHQRV(OORQRVOOHYDDVX
YH] D RWUD FRPSHWHQFLD ODV KDELOLGDGHV VRFLDOHV HO VDEHU WUDWDU FRQ TXLHQ QRV URGHD \
HVWDEOHFHU OD]RV VDQRV \ GXUDGHURV (O ~OWLPR LQJUHGLHQWH SDUD FRQVROLGDU QXHVWUD
LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO FRQVWD GH DTXHOODV KDELOLGDGHV TXH SURPXHYHQ OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GHO
ELHQHVWDUSHUVRQDO\VRFLDO
(O SURFHVR SRU HO TXH XQD SHUVRQD SRWHQFLD HVWDV FRPSHWHQFLDV VH GHQRPLQD HGXFDFLyQ
HPRFLRQDO'LFKRSURFHVRWLHQHXQFDUiFWHUFRQWLQXRSURORQJDGRHPLQHQWHPHQWHSUiFWLFR
\ VXV DSOLFDFLRQHV FRQWULEX\HQ HQ PXFKDV VLWXDFLRQHV GH QXHVWUD YLGD GLDULD FRPR OD
FRPXQLFDFLyQ HIHFWLYD \ DIHFWLYD OD UHVROXFLyQ GH FRQIOLFWRV OD WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV (Q
~OWLPRWpUPLQRODHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDOSUHWHQGHFDSDFLWDUDODVSHUVRQDVSDUDDGRSWDUXQD
DFWLWXG SRVLWLYD DQWH OD YLGD FRQ HO ILQ GH DOFDQ]DU XQ PD\RU ELHQHVWDU HPRFLRQDO TXH
UHGXQGDHQXQPD\RUELHQHVWDUVRFLDO
/DHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDOHVXQDIRUPDGHSUHYHQFLyQSULPDULDLQHVSHFtILFD8QDSHUVRQDFRQ
FRPSHWHQFLDV HPRFLRQDOHV HVWDUi PiV SUHSDUDGD SDUD GDU HVTXLQD]R D ODV DGLFFLRQHV OD
YLROHQFLD OD GHOLQFXHQFLD ORV FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV GH ULHVJR HO VXLFLGLR OD LPSXOVLYLGDG ORV
WUDVWRUQRV UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ OD IDOWD GH DXWRHVWLPD HWF $GHPiV DGTXLULU FRPSHWHQFLDV
HPRFLRQDOHV GHVGH HGDGHV WHPSUDQDV IDYRUHFH HO GHVDUUROOR DFDGpPLFR \ SURIHVLRQDO
DXPHQWDQGR OD SUHYHQFLyQ GH ODV DGYHUVLGDGHV GH ODYLGD DGXOWD\ UHGXFLHQGR ORV QLYHOHV
GHHVWUpV\GHSUHVLyQ
/DSURQWLWXGFRQTXHODVSHUVRQDVGHEHUtDQHPSH]DUDDGTXLULUHVWDVFRPSHWHQFLDVHVDOJR
TXHHVWiQSRQLHQGRGHPDQLILHVWRXQQ~PHURFUHFLHQWHGHHVWXGLRVFLHQWtILFRV$\XGDUDORV
117
LAS CLAVES DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL
QLxRV HQ HO GHVDUUROOR GH VXV FRPSHWHQFLDV HPRFLRQDOHV HQ XQD IDVH WHPSUDQD GH OD
LQIDQFLD GD OXJDU D JUDQGHV GLIHUHQFLDV HQ VX VDOXG \ ELHQHVWDU D ODUJR SOD]R ,QFOXVR
GXUDQWHHOHPEDUD]RHVPX\LPSRUWDQWHODLQIOXHQFLDGHOHVWDGRHPRFLRQDOGHODPDGUHHQ
ODVUHSHUFXVLRQHVTXHHVWHSXHGHWHQHUHQHOIHWR
En el hogar
6L KD\ XQ HQWRUQR GRQGH HV LPSUHVFLQGLEOH TXH VH Gp HO GHVDUUROOR GH FRPSHWHQFLDV
HPRFLRQDOHV HVWH HV HO GH OD IDPLOLD /RV IXHUWHV OD]RV HPRFLRQDOHV HQWUH SDGUHV H KLMRV
KDFHQQHFHVDULRTXHXQRV\RWURVSXHGDQDSUHQGHUDVHUHPRFLRQDOPHQWHLQWHOLJHQWHVFRQ
HO REMHWLYR GH FRQVHJXLU YLYLU WRGRV FRQ PD\RU ELHQHVWDU /RV SDGUHV GHEHQ VHU XQ
UHIHUHQWHSDUDD\XGDUDGHVDUUROODUODVFRPSHWHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHVHQVXVKLMRVVHUiQVXV
PRGHORV GH FRPSRUWDPLHQWR 'HELGR D HOOR HV LPSUHVFLQGLEOH TXH ORV SDGUHV GHVDUUROOHQ
WDPELpQVXLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOGHFDUDDIDYRUHFHUODGHVXVKLMRV
En la escuela
/RVSURJUDPDVGHHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDOHQODVDXODVGHEHUtDQSRQHUVHHQPDUFKDGHVGHODV
SULPHUDV HWDSDV HVFRODUHV (O GLVHxR GHO SURJUDPD GH HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO WHQGUtD TXH
FRQWDUFRQHODSR\RHLPSOLFDFLyQGHWRGDODFRPXQLGDGHGXFDWLYDSURIHVRUHVDOXPQRV\
IDPLOLDUHV \ FRQWHPSODU VX SXHVWD HQ SUiFWLFD GHVGH XQD SHUVSHFWLYD WUDQVYHUVDO HQ HO
FXUUtFXOR /RV SURIHVRUHV GHEHQ IRUPDUVH SUHYLDPHQWH SDUD SRGHU OOHYDU D FDER HO
SURJUDPD (V LQGLVSHQVDEOH TXH HO SURJUDPD LQFOX\D XQ SODQ GH HYDOXDFLyQ GHO SURJUDPD
TXHHVWpSUHVHQWHDQWHVGXUDQWH\GHVSXpVGHVXDSOLFDFLyQ
118
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
5HIHUHQFLDVELEOLRJUiILFDVSDUDODSUiFWLFD
3DUD DSR\DU OD ODERU GH ODV IDPLOLDV \ GHO SURIHVRUDGR HQ HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO VH KDQ
HODERUDGR PDWHULDOHV SUiFWLFRV FRQ HMHUFLFLRV \ DFWLYLGDGHV SUiFWLFDV HQIRFDGDV DO
GHVDUUROORGHODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO\ODVFRPSHWHQFLDVHPRFLRQDOHV6HSXHGHUHFXUULUD
HVWRV PDWHULDOHV DJUXSDGRV SRU GHVWLQDWDULRV GRQGH VH HQFRQWUDUiQ DEXQGDQWHV
VXJHUHQFLDV\GLQiPLFDVHQHOPRPHQWRGHSRQHUHQSUiFWLFDODHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO
3DUDODHGXFDFLyQLQIDQWLO
*yPH]%UXJXHUD - (GXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO \ OHQJXDMH HQ OD HVFXHOD %DUFHORQD
2FWDHGUR5RVD6HQVDW
*523 $FWLYLGDGHV SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO HQ ORV QLxRV
%DUFHORQD3DUUDPyQYHUVLyQHQFDVWHOODQRFDWDOiQIUDQFpVSRUWXJXpVKRODQGpV\
HVORYHQR
/ySH]&DVVj ( &RRUG (GXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO 3URJUDPD SDUD DxRV
%DUFHORQD3UD[LV
3DORX9LFHQV 6 6HQWLU \ FUHFHU (O FUHFLPLHQWR HPRFLRQDO HQ OD LQIDQFLD
%DUFHORQD*UDy
6KDSLUR/(/DLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDOGHORVQLxRV%DUFHORQD(GLFLRQHV%
3DUDODHGXFDFLyQSULPDULD
&DUSHQD $ (GXFDFLyQ VRFLRHPRFLRQDO HQ OD HWDSD GH SULPDULD %DUFHORQD
2FWDHGUR
(OLDV 0- 7RELDV 6( )ULHGODQGHU %6 (GXFDU FRQ LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO
%DUFHORQD3OD]D-DQpV
5HQRP $ &RRUG (GXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO 3URJUDPD SDUD OD HGXFDFLyQ SULPDULD
%DUFHORQD3UD[LV
9DOOpV$UiQGLJD $ 6,&/( 6LHQGR LQWHOLJHQWH FRQ ODV HPRFLRQHV 9DOHQFLD
3URPROLEUR
119
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS PARA LA PRÁCTICA
3DUDOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD2EOLJDWRULD(62
(OLDV 0- 7RELDV 6( )ULHGODQGHU %6 (GXFDU DGROHVFHQWHV FRQ LQWHOLJHQFLD
HPRFLRQDO%DUFHORQD3OD]D-DQpV
3DVFXDO9&XDGUDGR0&RRUGV(GXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO3URJUDPDGHDFWLYLGDGHV
SDUDOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD2EOLJDWRULD%DUFHORQD3UD[LV
3DUDOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD3RVWREOLJDWRULD\YLGDDGXOWD
*HOO%DUFHOy 0 0XxR]5HGRQ - 'HVFRQyFHWH D WL PLVPR 3URJUDPD GH
DOIDEHWL]DFLyQHPRFLRQDO%DUFHORQD3DLGyV
*HOO 0 0XxR] - &RRUGV (GXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO 3URJUDPD SDUD OD HGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULDSRVWREOLJDWRULD%DUFHORQD3UD[LV
5HGRUWD- 2ELROV 0 %LVTXHUUD5(PRFLyQ\FRQIOLFWR$SUHQGDD PDQHMDUODV
HPRFLRQHV%DUFHORQD3DLGyV
0DWHULDOHVSDUDODVIDPLOLDV
120
¿CÓMO EDUCAR LAS EMOCIONES?
0DWHULDOHV~WLOHVHQODIRUPDFLyQGHOSURIHVRUDGR
$JXOOy0RUHUD 0- HW DO /D HGXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO HQ OD SUiFWLFD %DUFHORQD
+RUVRUL,&(
ÈOYDUH] 0 &RRUG HW DO 'LVHxR \ HYDOXDFLyQ GH SURJUDPDV GH HGXFDFLyQ
HPRFLRQDO%DUFHORQD3UD[LV
%DFK ( 'DUGHU 3 6HG~FHWH SDUD VHGXFLU 9LYLU \ HGXFDU ODV HPRFLRQHV
%DUFHORQD3DLGyV
%LVTXHUUD5(GXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO\ELHQHVWDU%DUFHORQD3UD[LV
%LVTXHUUD 5 (GXFDFLyQ SDUD OD FLXGDGDQtD \ FRQYLYHQFLD (O HQIRTXH GH OD
HGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDO%DUFHORQD3UD[LV:ROWHUV.OXZHU
%LVTXHUUD53VLFRSHGDJRJtDGHODVHPRFLRQHV0DGULG6tQWHVLV
%LVTXHUUD 5 &RRUG (GXFDFLyQ HPRFLRQDO 3URSXHVWDV SDUD HGXFDGRUHV \
IDPLOLDV%LOEDR'HVFOpHGH%URZHU
)HUQiQGH]%HUURFDO35DPRV'tD]1&RUD]RQHVLQWHOLJHQWHV%DUFHORQD.DLUyV
*DOOLID - 3pUH] & 5RYLUD ) HW DO /D LQWHOāOLJqQFLD HPRFLRQDO L O¶HVFROD
HPRFLRQDOPHQWLQWHOāOLJHQW%DUFHORQD('%
6DVWUH * 0RUHQR 0 5HVROXFLyQ GH FRQIOLFWRV \ DSUHQGL]DMH HPRFLRQDO
%DUFHORQD*HGLVD
6DOPXUUL)/LEHUWDGHPRFLRQDO(VWUDWHJLDVSDUDHGXFDUODVHPRFLRQHV%DUFHORQD
3DLGyV
6DOPXUUL)%ODQ[HU13URJUDPDSDUDODHGXFDFLyQHPRFLRQDOHQODHVFXHOD(Q
5 %LVTXHUUD /D SUiFWLFD GH OD RULHQWDFLyQ \ OD WXWRUtD SS %DUFHORQD
3UD[LV
6HJXUD 0 $UFDV 0 (GXFDU ODV HPRFLRQHV \ ORV VHQWLPLHQWRV ,QWURGXFFLyQ
SUiFWLFDDOFRPSOHMRPXQGRGHORVVHQWLPLHQWRV0DGULG1DUFHD
9DOOpV$UiQGLJD $ 9DOOpV7RUWRVD & 'HVDUUROODQGR OD LQWHOLJHQFLD HPRFLRQDO
0DGULG(26
9DOOpV$UiQGLJD$9DOOpV7RUWRVD&3VLFRSHGDJRJtDGHODLQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO
9DOqQFLD3URPROLEUR
0DWHULDOHVGHGLYXOJDFLyQFLHQWtILFD
121
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS PARA LA PRÁCTICA
*ROHPDQ' %R\DW]LV 5 0F.HH$(OOtGHU UHVRQDQWHFUHD PiV (OSRGHUGHOD
LQWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO%DUFHORQD3OD]D -DQpV
0RUD ) ¢6H SXHGH UHWUDVDU HO HQYHMHFLPLHQWR GHO FHUHEUR" 0DGULG $OLDQ]D
(GLWRULDO
3XQVHW((OYLDMHDODIHOLFLGDG%DUFHORQD'HVWLQR
3XQVHW((OYLDMHDODPRU%DUFHORQD'HVWLQR
3XQVHW((OYLDMHDOSRGHUGHODPHQWH%DUFHORQD'HVWLQR
3XQVHW(([FXVDVSDUDQRSHQVDU%DUFHORQD'HVWLQR
3XQVHW(9LDMHDORSWLPLVPR%DUFHORQD'HVWLQR
122