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Nokia 5G Solution
Introduction
TP00009SG01CB7F - V001_Ed1
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Learning objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:

• Classify 5G functions in RAN, Core, IMS, Management, Cloud, Transport

& Routing, Security families
• Identify Nokia Solution blueprint as a complete 5G Solution

In the course, this icon gives you a pointer/reference for

more details. This can be an external link, or a link to
another module, in the same course or in another course.

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 5G Core Network Functional Description
“Core Network Functions” chapter in the
“Know 5G System Principles” course (TP00002)
5G Core Service Based Architecture (SBA)
Service based interfaces
Policy Ctrl Function
(APIs) “on demand”
Session Mgmt Data Storage
Unified data Mgmt Network Functions
Function
(R)AN (Radio) Access Network
Authentication Application AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
AUSF UDM PCF DSF Function AP Access Point
Access & AF Application Function
Mobility Mgmt AUSF Authentication Server Function
NRF 3rd party AF DSF Data Storage Function
AMF SMF NEF appl.
NEF Network Exposure Function
CONTROL PLANE Network NRF Network Repository Function
Exposure N3IWF Non-3GPP InterWorking Function
UE (R)AN UPF UPF PDN function PDN Packet Data Network
USER PLANE PCF Policy Control Function
Local PDN SMF Session Management Function
UE AP N3IWF User Network UDM Unified Data Management
Plane repository UE User Equipment
Function Function UPF User Plane Function

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Here is a view of the ***5G Core Service Based Architecture, next to the Access Network. You
should be familiar with this view, as it is described in detail ***in the “Core Network Functions”
chapter of the course “Know 5G System Principles” course. For further details, please refer to
this course.

Some of the core functions perform similar roles as the existing EPC while others are new.

***The AMF (Access and Mobility Manager) is the User Equipment entry point to the Core
Network. The AMF makes use of most of the Core Services, for authentication, user profile,
policy management etc. in the Control Plane.

***The SMF (Session Management Function) manages ***the UPF (User Plane Function), which is
the central element in the User Plane.

The principles of ***Service Based Architecture (common communication bus between

potentially all functions) and ***CUPS (Control Plane User Plane Separation – as you see them
clearly separated in this diagram) are new to 5G.

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 _______Slide Updated (lalapier: 19/04/2019)

SU2
LL(-F2
5G E2E Solution
LL(-F4

RAN Core IMS Management

Data Subs Policy Data
CSCF TAS NWDAF
UDSF UDR
Data
SBC DRA Network mgt/OSS

AUSF UDM NEF PCF BSF CHF … …

DRA/CSD
Cloud
SDN
AMF NRF SMSF SMF NSSF SEPP Security
ng- Cloud MANO
eNB Control
MEC
5G UE gNB Data
UPF UPF Network Cloud
User Infrastructure
Non-3GPP
N3IWF
access

Transport & Routing

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Now, we see the 5G End-to-end solution. Compared to the previous slide, *** the Radio Access
Network is clearly identified, we have added additional areas for *** IP Multimedia Subsystem
(responsible for services such as Voice over IP, and for the overall support functions: *** Cloud,
as now most if not all elements can be cloudified, *** Management with specific functions, ***
Transport and Routing which is used through all RAN, Core and IMS, and *** Security Functions
which are for one part, embedded inside RAN, Core and IMS elements, and for another part, the
role of specific functions and products.

Take a few seconds to see if you recognize some elements in this diagram. If not, don't worry,
we will describe each element later in the course.
Then, click the next button in the web based training player to advance to next slide.

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SU3
LL(-F6
5G E2E Solution – Access Network area
LL(-F8

5G Access Network can be 3GPP or non-3GPP compliant.

5G-RAN Core IMS Management

Data Subs Policy Data
CSCF TAS NWDAF
UDSF UDR
any 5G device, may also be Data
a Customer Premises Equipment
SBC DRA Network mgt/OSS
for Fixed Wireless Access use case
AUSF UDM NEF PCF BSF CHF … …
DRA/CSD
Cloud
ng-eNB is LTE access, adapted to 5G Networks SDN
AMF NRF SMSF SMF NSSF SEPP Security
ng- Cloud MANO
eNB gNB is the standard Control
5G Access Network element
MEC
5G UE gNB Data
UPF UPF Network Cloud
Non-3GPP accesses need User
to go through an Interworking Infrastructure
Non-3GPP
N3IWF Function to reach the 5G Core.
access

Transport & Routing

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First, let’s look at the Access Network area. ***

***5G as a system supports various Access Networks. ***Ng-eNB, for New Generation – evolved
NodeB, is LTE access, adapted to 5G networks. ***gNB (for next Generation NodeB) is the New
Radio 5G Access, connected to 5G Core. gNB is sometimes called « 5G BTS ».
***Non-3GPP accesses (such as WiFi access) need to go trough an Interworking Function to
reach the 5G Core: the N3IWF, which is 5G Access for non-3GPP accesses.
***The User Equipment can be a smartphone, a sensor or any Internet of Things device, this can
also be a Customer Premises Equipment for the Fixed Wireless Access Use Case.

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 Generic draw (framework) – for illustration only
5G E2E Solution – 5G Core

RAN
RAN Control Plane Core IMS Management

TAS Subscriber data

Data Subs Policy Data
CSCF NWDAF
UDSF UDR (structured and unstructured data)
Data
SBC DRA Network mgt/OSS

AUSF UDM NEF PCF BSF CHF … Network

…
DRA/CSD functions such as
Cloud
authentication, registration,
access policies,SDN
etc.
AMF NRF SMSF SMF NSSF SEPP Security
ng- Cloud MANO
eNB Control Data traffic
“RAN”
MEC
5G UE gNB Data
UPF UPF Network Cloud
User Infrastructure
Non-3GPP
access User Plane
Transport & Routing

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Here this draw is ***generic, to present a full solution. It is for illustration purposes only, and
does not represent a specific 5G deployment option.
For the rest of this training, we will detail 5G Core for Option 2, since it is the target deployment
option for the full 5G Core.

*** 5G Core can be split into 3 areas:

*** Data area, hosting subscriber data (structured and unstructured data – roughly, standardized
data such as user subscription, policy, and non-standardized data such as most network
function application data),
*** Control area, performing all needed network functions such as authentication, registration,
access to resources, etc. For 5G new functions are added.
*** Together, Data and Control areas form the so-called « Control Plane ».
*** User area, performing all needed network and transport functions for data traffic from and
to the User Equipment. In 5G, the core is only a Data Core, there is no more Circuit Core, and
voice calls are supported by IP-Multimedia Subsystem, similar to Voice over LTE for 4G.
*** User area is called “User Plane”.

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 5G E2E Solution – IP Multimedia Subsystem

RAN Core Management

The Telephony Application Server
The Call Session Control
Data Function
Subs Policy Data
supports services such as Call
NWDAF
performs Call Processing.
UDSF UDR IMS Forwarding, Call Barring…
Data
Network mgt/OSS
CSCF TAS

AUSF UDM NEF PCF

SBC BSF DRA CHF
Cloud

… …
DRA/CSD SDN
The Session BorderAMFController
NRF SMSF SMF NSSF SEPP 14the Diameter Routing Agent performs
Security
performsng-
security services, such as Cloud MANO
eNB Control routing and load balancing.
signaling and media firewalls.
MEC
5G UE gNB Data
UPF UPF Network Cloud
User Infrastructure
Non-3GPP
N3IWF
access

Transport & Routing

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Now, in the global picture, let’s have a look at the IP-Multimedia SubSystem. It provides services
such as Voice and Video Calls, it’s main role is to replace the old legacy Voice circuit core for
telephony by a modern Voice over IP network. According to 3GPP, IMS is not much impacted by
the 5G RAN – that’s a design choice from the standard.

IMS contains many functions, only the main ones are quickly described here:
*** The Call Session Control Function performs Session Handling, it receives IP messages such
as “REGISTER” or “INVITE”, for example when the user request a service such as a voice call.
***The CSCF performs some checks and if needed, trigger the Telephony Application Server,
which supports legacy telephony services such as Call Forwarding, Call Barring, etc.
***The Session Border Controller is at the border with other IMS networks and perform security
services, such as signaling and media firewalls, for both Control and User Plan.
***Finally, the Diameter Routing Agent performs routing and load balancing. This is the main
function, however for security, topology hiding and firewall is more important than ever, and
often realized in the same product as the one supporting DRA.

Note the Diameter protocol, used in EPC 4G, will be replaced by http/2 in target 5G option 2,
however the Routing Agent function will still be needed. In Option 2, the SCP Service
Communication Proxy, and SEPP Security Edge Protection Proxy will perform similar functions.

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 5G E2E Solution – Telco Cloud ”Telco Cloud Introduction” course (CB00150)

PNF
… IMS
VNF
RAN Core Management
VNF
Data Controller
Subs Policy Data VNF1 VNF2 VNF3
N NWDAF
UDSF UDR
Data
Firewall Network mgt/OSS

Virtual
Machines VM 1 VM 2 VM AUSF
3 UDM NEF PCF BSF CHF
Cloud
O/S 1 O/S 2 O/S 3
Virtual networking and automation SDN
Virtual
Ethernet AMF NRF SMSF SMF NSSF SEPP
Ports
ng- Cloud MANO
Hypervisor eNB
Virtual Switch Management and Orchestration:
Control automation
CPU for VNFs and Services. MEC
5GServer gNB
UE Hardware Memory
Storage Data
UPF UPF
Physical
Network Cloud
User Infrastructure
Server Ethernet
Port Cloud computing and application data at the
Non-3GPP
N3IWF
access Edge of the network
Transport & Routing
Physical layer and virtualization layer

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Now, let’s come back again to the global picture to introduce the Telco Cloud. ***
***With the cloud, a server (roughly similar to your laptop, but much more powerful) can host
several Virtual Machines (instead of the unique Windows system running on your laptop).
*** When cloudified, a legacy Physical Network Function (PNF) becomes a Virtual Network
Function (VNF), implemented thanks to Virtual Machines.

*** If you need to better understand the concept of Telco Cloud, Nokia CB00150 « Telco Cloud
Introduction » course can be used.

Most of if not all of the functions can now be cloudified. Even part of the gNodeB can be
cloudified thanks to Edge Cloud.
***To enable Cloudification of the network elements we need:
***Cloud Infrastructure, which is the Hardware and the low level software managing
infrastructure to allow the Virtual Machines to access the resources. The cloud infra exposes
processors, memory and storage resources to Virtual Machines.
***Cloud Management and Orchestration, which provides mechanisms and automation to
deploy each individual Virtual Machine, set of VMs for a VNF, and set of VNFs for a Service.
***Software Defined Networking: with Cloud, all the networks are also virtualized. SDN provides
virtual networks, virtual routers, and an automation to deploy dynamically according to the
business and overall the network needs.
***Multi-Access Edge Computing places cloud computing capabilities at the edge of the
network, close to the users and the radio sites, enables the delivery of ultra-low latency, very
high throughput services. It interfaces with the 5GCore to deliver services and data.

Finally, note that MEC, Cloud, SDN are enablers to efficient Network Slicing.

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 5G E2E Solution – Transport and Routing

Optical switches
RAN Core Fiber ToIMS
The Home reuse
Management

Data Subs Policy Data CSCF TAS NWDAF

Optical
C/DWDM UDSF UDR
Microwave wireless transport Data SBC DRA Network mgt/OSS

… …
DRA/CSD
AUSF UDM NEF PCF BSF CHF Cloud
Microwave
Wireline Passive Optical Network SDN

AMF NRF SMSF SMF NSSF SEPP Security

ng- Cloud MANO
PON eNB IP Routers from backhaul to Control
MEC
5G UE gNB aggregation and Core Data
UPF UPF Network Cloud
User Infrastructure
Residential FTTH Businesses Large cells Small cells
IP Router
Non-3GPP
N3IWF
access

Transport & Routing

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A network can not be functional without Transport and Routing. ***

Efficient Transport is needed to support all traffic among Radio Access, Core, IMS as well as
Management nodes.
Nokia provides efficient and complete solution for transport and routing, with *** Optical
switches, *** Microwave (point to point wireless transport), *** Wireline PON (Passive Optical
Nework), and *** IP Routers.

Efficient routers are required given the rise of the traffic and the throughput, and the need of
lower latency – stringent need when referring to use case such as online distant surgery for
example.

On top of this, *** Nokia Fiber to the Home (FTTH) solution can be reused for radio access
transport.

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 5G E2E Solution – Management

EdenNet with Self-Organizing Networks

RAN Core IMS Management
Data CA4MN
Subs with Per Call
Policy Data Measurement Data and analytics
CSCF TAS NWDAF
UDSF UDR
Data
SBC DRA Network mgt/OSS

Nokia Network Performance Manager for reports …

and KPIs…
DRA/CSD
AUSF UDM NEF PCF BSF CHF
Cloud

NetAct for Element Management and Network Management System SDN

AMF NRF SMSF SMF NSSF SEPP Security
ng- Cloud MANO
eNB Control
MEC
5G UE gNB Data
UPF
5G Radio Access UPF
RA LTE & 5G Inter-working
Network Cloud
User Infrastructure
Non-3GPP
N3IWF
access
CMM
Transport
CMG & Routing

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Eventually, functions and services need to be managed and controlled.

***Nokia provides a full range of management and orchestration elements to assure
****Network Management (Operating SubSystem or OSS), and the new ***Network Data
Analytics Function (NWDAF) function from 3GPP. This includes:
***NetAct for Element Management System and Network Management System.
***Nokia Network Performance Manager for real time higher level reports and Key Performance
Indicators
***Cognitive Analysis for Mobile Networks build Per Call Measurement Data with efficient
correlation and analytics.
CA4MN
***EdenNet for Self-Organizing Networks, which helps for deployment and optimization.

All these products are multi-vendor, so they are capable to manage and monitor Network
Elements from Nokia and many various vendors.

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 5G E2E Solution – Security

RAN Core Nokia NetGuard portfolio

IMS with SOARManagement
Data Subs Policy Data
CSCF TAS NWDAF
UDSF
Security UDR
Operations 7750 Firewall,Data
Security Gateway,
SBC DDoS protection…
DRA Network mgt/OSS

AUSF UDM NEF PCF BSF CHF … …

DRA/CSD
Cloud
Network Security
SDN
AMF NRF SMSF SMF NSSF SEPP Security
ng- Cloud MANO
Cloud
eNB
Security
Control
MEC
5G UE gNB Device Cloud Signaling Director, … Data
UPF UPF
Security Network Cloud
User Infrastructure
Non-3GPP
N3IWF
access Endpoint Security, Certificate Manager…
Transport & Routing

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Finally, the Security Functions.

***Because of Cloud Computing and new features such as Network Slicing, Security in 5G is
more important than ever.
***Security is implemented partially in all usual network functions, and partially by dedicated
network functions, and includes:

***Security Operations is the overall security umbrella, including Nokia NetGuard portfolio with
Security Orchestration, Analytics & Response (SOAR)

***Network Security with for example firewall and Dynamic Denial of Services protection.

***Cloud Security is a new challenge, involving Cloud Signaling Director product as one central
piece for Security.

***Device Security with certificate managers and endpoint security, however with 5G, IoT, and
the explosion of endpoints, this area is now much larger than ever.

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 Nokia 5G E2E Solution
Nokia Solution covers all functions
RAN Core IMS Management
Data Subs Policy Data CFX-
SDL/ CSCF
5000
NTAS
TAS CA4MN
NWDAF
UDSF
One-NDS SDL / UDR
One-NDS
Data NetAct, NSP, NPM
NSBC
SBC DDE
DRA Network mgt/OSS
+EdenNet?

AUSF
SDM UDM
SDM NEF PCF
PCF CSD
BSF CHF
SPS … …
DRA/CSD
(PCRF) Cloud
NuageSDN
Networks
CMM
AMF CMG
NRF SMSF
NTAS CMG
SMF NSSF
CMG SEPP Security
Security
Products
ng- CBAM,
Cloud MANO
CBND
eNB
eNB Control
5G NMEC
MEC
5G UE gNB Data
BTS CMG
UPF CMG
UPF Network Cloud
User CBIS, NCIR
Infrastructure
Non-3GPP
N3IWF
access

5G Anyhaul Transport
Transport &
& Routing
IP Anyhaul Routers

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ADDITIONAL NOTES:

----------------------------------------------

Nokia 5G portfolio covers all 3GPP 5G functions, as well as all IMS and all Platforms & Enablers.
This makes Nokia a unique provider capable to answer the End to End 5g challenges.

You will see some Nokia products may cover multiple 5G and/or IMS functions, to be more
efficient, such as NTAS (Nokia Telephony Applications Server) or CMG.

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 Wrap-up and coming next…
In this module we have…
✓ classified 5G functions in RAN, Core, IMS, Platforms and Enablers families,
✓ identified Nokia Solution blueprint as a complete 5G Solution.

Coming Next: how Nokia products contribute to 5G success:

• Access
• Core and IP Multimedia Subsystem
• Cloud
• Transport and Routing
• Management
• Security

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In this module ***we have listed and classified 5G functions in families such as RAN, Core, IMS,
Cloud, Management, and Security.
***We have also identified Nokia Solution blueprint as a complete 5G Solution.
***In the following modules, we will give an overview of each Nokia Product family, showing how
each element contribute to the full 5G Solution.
Yes, Next modules cover respectively ***Access (usual Radio Access Network and new use-case
Fixed Wireless Access), ***Core and IP Multimedia, ***Cloud, ***Transport and Routing,
***Management and Services, and ***last but not least, Security.

Before we close this module, we propose to you 2 quiz questions.

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 Quiz
Click the Quiz button to edit this object

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Right Answer: gNB, ng-eNB.

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 Quiz
Click the Quiz button to edit this object

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Right Answer: PNF – a Physical Network Function is a legacy Network Function (that has NOT
been “cloudified”).

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