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Basic Statistics: Formulas Sheet For

This document provides formulas for basic statistics concepts including data distribution, measures of central tendency, dispersion, and relative measurements. For both ungrouped and grouped data, it lists formulas to calculate total number of classes, class size, midpoints, relative frequencies, mean, median, mode, quartiles, deciles, percentiles, variance, standard deviation, range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, and coefficients. Relationship formulas between mean, median and mode as well as between mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean are also included.

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Ayaz Sultan
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43 views

Basic Statistics: Formulas Sheet For

This document provides formulas for basic statistics concepts including data distribution, measures of central tendency, dispersion, and relative measurements. For both ungrouped and grouped data, it lists formulas to calculate total number of classes, class size, midpoints, relative frequencies, mean, median, mode, quartiles, deciles, percentiles, variance, standard deviation, range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, and coefficients. Relationship formulas between mean, median and mode as well as between mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean are also included.

Uploaded by

Ayaz Sultan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORMULAS SHEET FOR

BASIC STATISTICS
INTRODUCTION TO DATA

(1) Total Number of Classes (groups) = 1 + 3.322 Log (n)


where n is the total number of the observed points

𝐑𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞
(2) Class Size (width/Interval)= h = 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬
where Range = (Maximum value) - (Minimum Value)

𝐋𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐋𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭+𝐔𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐋𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭


(3) Mid Point (Class Mark) = X = 𝟐

𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲
(4) Relative Frequency = 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 x 100

CENTRAL TENDENCY

For Un-Grouped Data

̅ = ∑x/n
(1) Arithmetic Mean = 𝐗

(2) Geometric Mean = 𝐗 ̅ = (πx)1/n


̅ = Anti Log [ ∑Log(x)/n ]
(Or) 𝐗

̅ = n/∑(1/x)
(3) Harmonic Mean = 𝐗

̃ = [(n + 1)/2]th value


(4) Median = 𝐗

̂ = The most repeated value in data


(5) Mode = 𝐗
QUARTILES

For Un-Grouped Data

First Quartile = Lower Quartile = Q 1 = [(n + 1)/4]th value

Second Quartile = Median Quartile = Q2 = 2[(n + 1)/4]th value

Third Quartile = Upper Quartile = Q3 = 3[(n + 1)/4]th value

General Formula = QN = N[(n + 1)/4]th value; where N = 1, 2, 3

DECILES

For Un-Grouped Data

General Formula = DN = N[(n + 1)/10]th value; where N = 1, 2, 3, ......., 9

PERCENTILES

For Un-Grouped Data

General Formula = PN = N[(n + 1)/100]th value; where N = 1, 2, 3, ......., 99

CENTRAL TENDENCY

For Grouped Data

̅ = ∑fx/∑f
(1) Arithmetic Mean = 𝐗

̅ = Anti Log [ ∑f Log(x)/∑f]


(2) Geometric Mean = 𝐗

̅ = ∑f/∑(f/x)
(3) Harmonic Mean = 𝐗
̃ = l + (h/f) [(∑f)/2 - C]
(4) Median = 𝐗

̂ = l + h[(fm - f1)/(2fm - f1 - f2)]


(5) Mode = 𝐗

QUARTILES

For Grouped Data

General Formula = QN = l + (h/f) [N(∑f)/4 - C]; where N = 1, 2, 3

DECILES

For Grouped Data

General Formula = DN = l + (h/f) [N(∑f)/10 - C]; where N = 1, 2, 3, ........, 9

PERCENTILES

For Grouped Data

General Formula = PN = l + (h/f) [N(∑f)/100 - C]; where N = 1, 2, 3,....., 99

Relationship between AM, GM and HM

AM ≥ GM ≥ HM

Empirical Relationship Between Mean, Median and Mode

Mean - Mode = 3(Mean - Median); when data is not symmetrical


Mean = Median = Mode ; when data is symmetrical
DIPERSION

Un-Grouped Data (Absolute Measurements)

(1) Range = (Maximum value) - (Minimum Value)

(2) Quartile Deviation = Q.D = [(Q3 - Q1)/ 2]


where Q1 = [(n + 1)/4]th value and Q3 = 3[(n + 1)/4]th value

(3) Mean Deviation (M.D)

(i) Mean Deviation About Mean

̅∣ / n] ; where X
M.D𝐗̅ = [ ∑ ∣ X - 𝐗 ̅ = ∑x/n

(ii) Mean Deviation About Median

̃∣ / n] ; where X
M.D𝐗̃ = [ ∑ ∣ X - 𝐗 ̃ = [(n + 1)/2]th value

(iii) Mean Deviation About Mode

̂∣ / n] ; where X
M.D𝐗̂ = [ ∑ ∣ X - 𝐗 ̂ = The most repeated value in data

̅)2/ n] (OR) Variance = ∑x2/n - (∑x/n)2


(4) Variance = [ ∑ (X - 𝐗

(5) Standard Deviation = S.D = √𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆

Un-Grouped Data (Relative Measurements)

(1) Coefficient of Range = [(Max) - (Min) / (Max) + (Min) ] x 100

(2) Coefficient of Quartile Deviation = [(Q3 - Q1)/ (Q3 + Q1)] x 100


where Q1 = [(n + 1)/4]th value and Q3 = 3[(n + 1)/4]th value
(3) Coefficient of Mean Deviation

(i) Mean Deviation About Mean

̅ ] x 100
Coefficient of Mean Deviation About Mean = [ M.D𝐗̅ / 𝐗
where ̅X = ∑x/n

(ii) Mean Deviation About Median

̃ ] x 100
Coefficient of Mean Deviation About Median = [ M.D𝐗̃ /𝐗
where ̃X = [(n + 1)/2]th value

(iii) Mean Deviation About Mode

̂ ] x 100
Coefficient of Mean Deviation About Mode = [ M.D𝐗̂ / 𝐗
where X̂ = The most repeated value in data

̅] x 100
(4) Coefficient of Variation = CV = [S.D / 𝐗

where ̅
X = ∑x/n and S.D = √𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

Grouped Data (Absolute Measurements)

(1) Range = (Upper limit of last class) - (Lower limit of first class)

(2) Quartile Deviation = Q.D = [(Q3 - Q1)/ 2]


where Q1 = l + (h/f) [ ∑f/4 - C ]and Q3 = l + (h/f) [3(∑f)/4 - C]

(3) Mean Deviation (M.D)

(i) Mean Deviation About Mean

̅∣ / ∑f ] ; where ̅
M.D𝐗̅ = [ ∑ f ∣ X - 𝐗 X = ∑fx/∑f
(ii) Mean Deviation About Median

̃∣ / ∑f ] ; where ̃
M.D𝐗̃ = [ ∑ f ∣ X - 𝐗 X = l + (h/f) [ ∑f/2 - C ]

(iii) Mean Deviation About Mode

̂∣ / ∑f ] ; where X
M.D𝐗̂ = [ ∑ f ∣ X - 𝐗 ̂ = l + h[(fm - f1)/(2fm - f1 - f2)]

̅)2/ ∑f ] (OR) Variance = ∑fx2/∑f - (∑fx/∑f)2


(4) Variance = [ ∑ f (X - 𝐗

(5) Standard Deviation = S.D = √𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆

Grouped Data (Relative Measurements)

[(𝐔𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬) − (𝐋𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬)]


(1) Coefficient of Range = x 100
[(𝐔𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬)+ (𝐋𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬)]

(2) Coefficient of Quartile Deviation = [(Q3 - Q1)/ (Q3 + Q1)] x 100


where Q1 = l + (h/f) [ ∑f/4 - C ]and Q3 = l + (h/f) [3(∑f)/4 - C]

(3) Coefficient of Mean Deviation

(i) Mean Deviation About Mean

̅ ] x 100
Coefficient of Mean Deviation About Mean = [ M.D 𝐗̅ / 𝐗
where ̅X = ∑fx/∑f

(ii) Mean Deviation About Median

̃ ] x 100
Coefficient of Mean Deviation About Median = [ M.D 𝐗̃ /𝐗
where ̃X = l + (h/f) [ ∑f/2 - C ]
(iii) Mean Deviation About Mode

̂ ] x 100
Coefficient of Mean Deviation About Mode = [ M.D 𝐗̂ / 𝐗
where X̂ = l + h[(fm - f1)/(2fm - f1 - f2)]

̅] x 100
(4) Coefficient of Variation = CV = [S.D / 𝐗

where ̅
X = ∑fx/∑f and S.D = √𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

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