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Chapter 1 HPC9

Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with optimizing human interactions with elements of a system. It draws from many fields to design systems, consumer goods, work environments, and organizations to maximize human well-being and performance. There are three categories of ergonomics: physical looks at anatomy and physiology related to work; psychological studies mental processes and human-computer interaction; and organizational focuses on work design, communication and structure. Awkward postures, high forces, and frequent motions are key risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Applying ergonomics principles is important as it can increase productivity and quality while reducing costs and absenteeism by promoting worker comfort, safety, and health.

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Maricris Candari Damaso
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57 views14 pages

Chapter 1 HPC9

Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with optimizing human interactions with elements of a system. It draws from many fields to design systems, consumer goods, work environments, and organizations to maximize human well-being and performance. There are three categories of ergonomics: physical looks at anatomy and physiology related to work; psychological studies mental processes and human-computer interaction; and organizational focuses on work design, communication and structure. Awkward postures, high forces, and frequent motions are key risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Applying ergonomics principles is important as it can increase productivity and quality while reducing costs and absenteeism by promoting worker comfort, safety, and health.

Uploaded by

Maricris Candari Damaso
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION TO
ERGONOMICS
ERGONOMICS AND FACILITIES PLANNING
FOR TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
BY: MS. MICAELA C. ROLDAN
WHAT IS ERGONOMICS
• Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with
the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a
system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and
methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall
system performance.

• The word ergonomics comes from the Greek word “ergon” which means


work and “nomos” which means laws. It’s essentially the “laws of work” or
“science of work”. Good ergonomic design removes incompatibilities
between the work and the worker and creates the optimal work
environment.

• Ergonomics draws on many disciplines to optimize the interaction between


the work environment and the worker.

•
SCOPE OF ERGONOMICS
• 1. DESIGN OF MAN-MACHINE SYSTEM- A man machine system is a
system where, in relation to one or more computer devices or facilities one
or more workmen/humans to operate. ERGONOMICS is used to adjust
such systems so as to provide the user of the device with maximum job
satisfaction and comfort and minimal physiological and mental load.
•
•
•
•
• 2. DESIGN OF CONSUMER GOODS AND SERVICE
SYSTEMS- In the design of consumer products, ergonomics is
applicable, starting from the design of toothbrush and other
items it should be economically sound for protective
equipment.
•
• 3. DESIGN OF WORKING ENVIRONMENT – the multiple factors
related to ergonomics, such as human lighting resistance emissions,
noise heating and ventilation should be taken into account when
designing a proper working environment for the workforce/workers at
work. At each stage right design up to real usage or actual operation,
this factor should be taken into account. The area is infinite and
applicable. ERGONOMIC RESEARCH should be conducted on all
environmental considerations , such as workbench architecture, public
transport, road networks, city and country planning, workers,
neighborhoods, airports etc.
CATEGORIES OF ERGONOMICS
• There are three broad areas of ergonomics.
• 1. Physical Ergonomics- Looks at how human anatomical, anthropometric,
physiological and biomechanical characteristics relate to physical activity .
• This includes the following:
• A. Working postures
• B. Manual handling
• C. Repetitive movements
• D. Musculoskeletal disorders
• E. Workplace layout and environment
• 2. Psychological Ergonomics – studies mental processes and how people
interact with products, systems and environments.
• This includes the following:
• A. mental workload
• B. decision-making
• C. human-computer interaction
• D. human reliability
• E. attitudes
• F. stress
• G. motivation
• H. pleasure
• i. cultural differences
•
• 3. Organizational Ergonomics – it is all about optimizing the organizational
structures, policies and processes of socio-technical systems.
• This includes the following:
• A. communication
• B. work design
• C. staff resource management
• D. working time patterns
• E. co-operative work
• F. quality management
• G. organizational structure
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS
• Awkward posture, high force, and high or long frequency are the three key ergonomic
risk factors that cause MSDs. The probability of developing an MSD is enhanced by
the combination of postures, forces and frequencies.
• MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) – illness and injuries that affect one
or more parts of the soft tissue and bones in the body.
• 1. POSTURE – The joints can absorb force more effectively in a neutral pose than in
others . As they may stress joint components and decrease or obstruct blood flow,
uncomfortable and extreme postures increase susceptibility to injury.
• 2. FORCE – Gripping, pinching, pushing, pulling, and lifting objects place additional
force on the body`s joints. It needs additional muscle exertion to increase these
forces, which places greater loads on joints and connetive tissues that can cause
weakness and can lead to MSD when there insufficient time for rest and recovery.
• 3. FREQUENCY – The capacity for injury to a joint is increased by the greater
frequency of uncomfortable postures and/or forces.
IMPORTANCE OF ERGONOMICS
• 1. INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY
• 2. REDUCES THE COST
• 3. IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF THE WORK
• 4. OTHERS
*reduce absenteeism due to more comfort, safety and healthy
working environment.
*more focus on the working environment and workers health makes
them feel valued and boost of moral.
*assurance to the worker as their workplace is safer. {motivation}
•
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!

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