HS ĐĂNG NHẬP ĐẦY ĐỦ HỌ VÀ TÊN.

THIẾU 1 CHỮ -> MỜI RA NGOÀI

ADVANCED 8.3. PHONETICS: PRONUNCIATION & STRESSED SYLLABLE
PART C. MIXED EXERCISES: PHRASAL VERBS – IDIOMS – COLLOCATIONS – WORD FORMS
II. Read the text below, use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space
PASSAGE A. Fancy some sort of conspiracy with a distant boyfriend or girlfriend? Send a text. Lost in the woods, (1.
WILD) WILDERNESS: CHỐN HOANG DÃ or a heavy fog? Use GPS. A case of mistaken identity? Facebook! And who is
this (2. ENIGMA) ENIGMATIC: MANG TÍNH BÍ ẨN Jay Gatsby? Just Google him. Books can now be read on iPhones,
and (3. OPPORTUNITY) OPPORTUNISTIC: MANG TÍNH CƠ HỘI young writers in Japan are using their cellphone
keypads to write best-selling short novels. But, at the same time, technology is making some classic narrative plot
devices obsolete. Excuses like poor connections and (4. COMMUNICATE) MISCOMMUNICATION(S): SỰ KO LIÊN LẠC
ĐƯỢC or the (5. ABLE) INABILITIES/ INABILITY to reach someone just don’t work when even the most (6. ACCESS)
INACCESSIBLE: KO TIẾP CẬN ĐƯỢC places have wireless (7. COVER) COVERAGE: SỰ BAO PHỦ It’s the same
problem with movies. In Casablanca, Humphrey Bogart would have been spared the aching (8. CERTAIN)
UNCERTAINTY: SỰ KO CHẮC CHẮN of wondering why Ingrid Bergman had stood him up at the train station. “Why
isn’t she here? We were supposed to run away together! Let me check my messages. Maybe I can find her online…”
PASSAGE B. You must have noticed those strange bumps that sometimes (0. MATERIAL) MATERIALIZE/
MATERIALISE: TRỞ THÀNH HIỆN THỰC, HIỆN THỰC HÓA on our skin when are cold or feel very afraid, excited or
(2.NOSTALGIA) NOSTALGIC: MANG TÍNH HỒI TƯỞNG. There are known as goosebumps or goose pimples: SỰ NỔ I
DA GÀ , probably as a result of the (3. RESEMBLE) RESEMBLANCE: SỰ TƯƠNG ĐỒNG they cause our skin to bear to
that of a goose after it has been plucked. Goosebumps are (4. ESSENCE) ESSENTIALLY a change in the skin brought
about when an involuntary (5. CONTRACT) CONTRACTION: SỰ CO BÓ P of some muscles makes our hair stand on
end. They don’t seem to serve any particular purpose, and there are conflicting theories as to what (6. EVOLVE)
EVOLUTIONARY: MANG TÍNH TIẾN HÓA advantage goosebumps may have offered. One theory is that our ancient
ancestors had much more body hair than we do. Goosebumps, which caused this hair to stand up, would have made
them look bigger and perhaps more (7. THREAT) THREATENING: ĐÁNG SỢ when they were in dangerous situations.
Another (8. POSSIBLE) POSSIBILITY: GIẢ THIẾT which would explain why we get goosebumps when we are cold, is
that they cause our hairs to act as a form of (9. INSULATE) INSULATION: SỰ CÁCH NHIỆT trapping heat near the
surface of our skin.
III. Choose an appropriate that fits all 3 blanks of a cluster.
1. When she moved to Italy, she knew she'd found her true spiritual HOME: NƠI AI ĐÓ THUỘ C VỀ (TÌM DC NHỮ NG NG
CÙ NG SỞ THÍCH, CÙ NG CHÍ HƯỚ NG)
How much longer is he staying? He’s eating us out of house and HOME: Ă N THỦ NG NỒ I TRÔ I DẾ , Ă N NHƯ HÙ M
Her remarks about me were embarrassingly close to HOME: Ả NH HƯƠNG XẤ U TỚ I AI
2. You shouldn’t criticize others while you are like them. People who live in glass HOUSES shouldn’t throw stones: KO
HƠN J NG KHÁ C THÌ ĐỪ NG CHÊ , ĐỪ NG CHÓ CHÊ MÈ O LẮ M LÔ NG (THE POT CALLING THE KETTLE BLACK)
You did go all round the HOUSES: GIẢ I THÍCH LÒ NG VÒ NG didn’t you? Why not get straight to the point?
People generally believe that once they shut their front doors they are as safe as HOUSES: RẤ T AN TOÀ N
3. Eyesight doesn't get any better at my time of LIFE: Ở TẦ M TUỔ I NÀ Y
I cannot for the LIFE of me: DÙ CỐ NTN imagine why they want to leave.
She has friends from all walks of LIFE: TỪ MỌ I TẦ NG LỚ P TRONG CUỘ C SỐ NG
4. Those kids will be the DEATH of me: GÂ Y PHIỀ N KHIẾ N AI PHÁ T BỰ C.
The play got terrible reviews and quickly died a DEATH: THẤ T BẠ I TOÀ N TẬ P
That joke's been done to DEATH: LẶ P ĐI LẶ P LẠ I NHIỀ U ĐẾ N PHÁ T CHÁ N
5. They couldn’t prove it, but he was almost certainly a DOUBLE agent: ĐIỆ P VIÊ N 2 MANG.
They only have one room left: you'll have to DOUBLE up with: CHIA SẺ CÙ NG Peter.
She deserves credit for serving DOUBLE duty: ĐÓ NG 2 VAI as a host and performer.
6. She was tempted to CALL his bluff: YÊ U CẦ U AI CHỨ NG MINH ĐIỀ U J ĐÃ NÓ I LÀ SẼ LÀ M, hardly able to believe he’d
carry out his threat.
After forty years in politics, I think it's time for me to CALL it a day: NGHỈ, DỪ NG LÀ M.
She couldn't CALL to mind: NHỚ RA where she had seen him before.
7. Sometimes I feel I'm losing my GRIP: MẤ T KIỂ M SOÁ T
Venezuela is a country in the GRIP of: TRONG GIAI ĐOẠ N recession.
I have to take a GRIP on: KIỂ M SOÁ T, KIỀ M CHẾ myself, he told himself firmly.
8. When his career ended, he became a SHADOW of his former self: LÀ CÁ I BÓ NG CỦ A CHÍNH MÌNH, KO GIỎ I NHƯ
TRC.
The new market is in the SHADOW of: BỊ KHUẤ T BÓ NG BỞ I the City Hall.
A younger son often lives in the SHADOW of: SỐ NG DƯỚ I CÁ I BÓ NG CỦ A AI, LUÔ N BỊ COI LÀ KÉ M HƠN his elder
brother.
9. The ice-cream vendors were doing a roaring TRADE: KINH DOANH PHÁ T ĐẠ T
This is the restaurant where he plied his TRADE: LÀ M CÔ NG VIỆ C as a cook.
Magazines often improve photographs before they print them - it's one of the tricks of the TRADE: MÁ NH KHÓ E NGHỀ
NGHIỆ P
10. She found him rather irritating to talk to; all he did was DROP names: NÓ I TÊ N NG NỔ I TIẾ NG RA ĐỂ GÂ Y Ấ N
TƯỢ NG.
I suggest we let the matter DROP: BỎ QUA VẤ N ĐỀ , KO NÓ I THÊ M NỮ A
The audience was so quiet you could have heard a pin DROP: TĨNH LẶ NG NHƯ TỜ
SECTION C. READING
I. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text
PASSAGE A. In the early- to mid-1990s, Lance Armstrong was on the up-and-up: THĂ NG TIẾ N RỰ C RỠ . Success
seemed to be written in his stars; he notched up a stage win at the ‘93 Tour de France, then another in ‘95. This cyclist
was clearly coming of age in the sport, and he was, at 24 on registering his second tour win, still a relative baby in
cycling terms - most of his career lay ahead of: CÒN Ở PHÍA TRƯỚC him. Then, just when it looked like he would
conquer all before him, his ‘96 tour was cut disappointingly short due to illness. And, as it would soon emerge, this
was no ordinary illness; Armstrong had testicular cancer. Fans were aghast and there was an outpouring of
sympathy for him: SỰ DÂ NG TRÀ O CẢ M XÚ C DÀ NH CHO AI.
But Armstrong would need more than goodwill: THIỆN CHÍ to get through this. The cancer had
metastasized: DI CĂN to the lungs and brain. The prognosis was not at all good. Months of spirit- and body-breaking
chemotherapy: HÓ A TRỊ (TRUYỀ N HÓ A CHẤ T VÀ O NG) followed and a delicate surgical procedure: QUY TRÌNH
PHẪ U THUẬ T to remove the malignancies: KHỐ I U Á C TÍNH (MALIGNANT: Á C TÍNH >< BENIGN: LÀ NH TÍNH) on his
brain was performed. Cycling mourned the surely permanent loss to the sport of one of its most promising young
disciples. But Armstrong wasn’t finished yet.
In 1998, he made a remarkable, defiant and inspirational return to cycling and competed in the Tour de France
again the following year. But surely his would now only be a cameo role; after all, what could one expect from a cancer
survivor with a compromised liver and the other familiar scars of cancer therapy? Except Armstrong had other ideas.
Four stage wins later, the legend of Armstrong was born; he had claimed the Tour and defied the odds in the
most emphatic of manners. His victory represented not just his announcement as a force in cycling, but as a force for
hope for millions of cancer sufferers the world over. Indeed, Armstrong threw himself into campaigning for his newly-
established cancer foundation, Livestrong - so much so that he metamorphosed: HÓ A THÂ N, BIẾ N HÌNH THÀ NH into
a sort of human-embodiment: SỰ HIỆ N THÂ N of the cause - he became the cause, and his annual battle with the
French Alps came to represent the struggle against the deadly disease. So long as Lance could succeed, there was
hope.
And succeed he did, beyond the wildest expectations of even the most optimistic of his supporters, amassing:
GIÀ NH ĐƯỢ C VÔ SỐ , HÀ NG LOẠ T a further six titles - so seven in consecution - before he retired in 2005. His
achievements were simply remarkable; his story absorbing; his book a must-read for all cancer sufferers - their ray of
hope; proof that hopefulness should never fade and that sanguinity: SỰ LẠC QUAN can and does make light of the
odds: COI NHẸ KHÓ KHĂ N - the tunnel, though long and at times excruciating: MANG TÍNH GIÀ Y VÒ THỂ XÁ C, CỰ C
KÌ ĐAU ĐỚ N to pass through, has an end, and it is a happy one - the light is in sight.
 After his seventh victory, he retired and the sporting world entered congratulatory: MANG TÍNH CHÚC
MỪNG mode, writing his eulogies: LỜ I TÁ N DƯƠNG. But Armstrong had one more surprise for us; he wasn’t finished
yet. There were whispers of a comeback, confirmed in 2009, and so it was that the legend would ride again.
But the renewed focus on him wasn’t all good; there were whispers of another kind, too; sources, some
credible, were claiming he had had an illicit ally all through his exploits; he was, they claimed, in bed with the syringe.
Our champion laughed off: CƯỜI TRỪ CHO QUA and dismissed these claims but the rumors persisted and a cloud
began to form over his legacy. Surely Armstrong could not have earned his victories clean, some said.
We may never know for sure. Fast-forward to 2012 and despite an abandoned federal case, those sharpening
their knives for: CHĨA MŨ I DÙ I CÔ NG KÍCH VÀ O Armstrong seem to have finally nabbed him; ASADA, the US body:
CƠ QUAN tasked with: DC GIAO NHIỆ M VỤ cracking down on: DẬP TẮT, XỬ LÝ TẬN GỐC drug offenders charged
Armstrong with doping and the trafficking of drugs - and some say his failure to contest is indicative of: LÀ BẰ NG
CHỨ NG CỦ A his guilt. At any rate, because he pleaded no-contest: SỰ NHẬN ÁN PHẠT NHƯNG KHÔNG NHẬN TỘI,
he will now be stripped of: BỊ TƯỚC ĐOẠT all his titles; his legacy has been pulled from under him.
And yet he has not, and now may never be tried, so we have not seen the evidence against him. We do not
know if he is guilty or innocent, and it still remains fact that he never failed an official drugs test. Did he cheat? Does it
matter? Does anyone care? Time may tell, but for now, though his legacy in tainted, his legend, in the eyes of many of
his loyal supporters, lives on.
1. What does the writer mean when he says in the 1st paragraph Lance Armstrong was “coming of age in the sport”?
A. he was of the right age to be a competitive cyclist
B. he was nearly at the age at which it is expected that a cyclist should win
C. he was of a mature age for a cyclist and had few years left in the sport
D. he was beginning to figure as a real contender in his sport
2. Which of the following statements is true about the cancer Armstrong had?
A. he recovered remarkably quickly from it, suffering little
B. it started in the lungs and spread to the brain
C. doctors were optimistic about his chances of survival
D. the generally held view was that it would prevent him from cycling professionally ever again
3. Why does the writer say “Except Armstrong had other ideas” at the end pf the third paragraph?
A. Armstrong was determined to play some role in the Tour de France again
B. Armstrong’s idea of victory had changed since he’d had cancer
C. Armstrong was determined to defy the odds: VƯỢT KHÓ and become a real contender in the Tour de France
D. Armstrong didn’t want to race for victory, he just wanted to represent cancer victims
4. What does the writer compare Armstrong’s Tour de France campaign struggle each year after his return to the
sport with?
A. the general fight against cancer B. a cancer organization
C. his fundraising for cancer D. Armstrong’s own personal cancer experience
5. What is one of the ways in which his story became about more than just cycling?
A. his published biography became a source of inspiration for cancer sufferers
B. cycling through a tunnel was like fighting cancer
C. he gave people hope that they could one day be professional athletes, too
D. he gave people the belief to fight the disease that is frug-taking in sport
6. What can be inferred about the rumors of Armstrong’s drug-taking?
A. They were disproved of a state court case
B. they have not caused Armstrong’s reputation and record any harm
C. they were eventually proved true beyond doubt
D. he had, but passed up, an opportunity to disprove them
PASSAGE B. I awoke to the sound of waves breaking on the shore and felt the warmth of the hot sun on my upturned
face. At first, I lay perfectly still, aware of a dull pain in my left leg. Gazing up at the clear blue sky, I supposed it was
mid-afternoon, but as I tried to reconstruct the sequence of: XÂ U CHUỖ I LẠ I the previous evening’s events, there
was no way of being absolutely sure. I turned my head, took in my surroundings, and slowly my memories began to
coalesce: TRỞ THÀNH 1 KHỐI. Apparently out of nowhere, a fierce storm had suddenly hit our charter boat. Before
we knew what was going on, water was rushing into the cabin and had flooded the engine room. My friends had been
trying to launch the inflatable: CÓ THỂ TRƯƠNG PHÌNH RA lifeboat when a huge wave had crashed over the deck,
washing me into the rough Caribbean Sea. I lost sight of the boat almost immediately as the ocean waves angrily
tossed me around.
After struggling into a sitting position, I mentally assessed my condition. Other than my injured leg, I seemed
to be in surprisingly good shape. I was alive and had apparently been washed up: CUỐ N TRÔ I here on the beach
relatively unscathed: KO BỊ THƯƠNG, but where were my friends and what was I going to do, stranded on what
appeared to be a desert island? I was suddenly overcome with: TRÀN NGẬP, DẠT DÀO a feeling of intense
loneliness and sank back down into a lying position. When I could no longer stand the harsh sun, I somehow found the
strength to get to my feet, and limped somewhat unsteadily along the beach calling my friends’ names whilst on the
lookout for: TÌM KIẾ M any signs of our personal belongings. The idea of exploring my new surroundings filled me
with terror, but I knew that finding water, shelter and food would have to be my priority before nightfall.
This unexpected clear thinking spurred me into action, although I was deeply troubled by the fact that there
was no sign of my friends. Approaching a canopy of shady trees, I hesitated, alarmed by some strange unidentifiable :
KO THỂ XÁ C ĐỊNH sounds. There would be insects living amongst the dense vegetation and probably deadly snakes
slithering their way around the undergrowth. Would there be other creatures lurking in the shadows or even worse,
waiting in ambush, incensed: BẤ T MÃ N, KHÓ CHỊU at finding a trespasser in their territory? It was no good; I would
have to find out.
As I loved further inland, I saw an abundance of colorful flowers and leafy plants. Tropical coconut palms
stretched towards the sky and squawking parrots perched on overhanging branches. After some time, I came across a
small stream running into the sea and was able to drink thirstily for the first time that day. Shortly afterwards, I
discovered a large cave entrance situated in a tiny bay. I decided it would offer effective protection from the elements
and any predators, which I presumed were still out there somewhere. After making sure that the cave was indeed
empty, I made a reasonably soft bed from some large palm leaves and fell asleep. Fierce thunderstorms raged through
the night, waking me on several occasions. Each time, I lay awake for a while, wondering about my friends. There was
no way of knowing what fate had befallen: XẢY ĐẾN them, but lying there, cold and alone, I began to fear the worst.
To the best of my recollection, during the first couple of days on the island, I was convinced there was little
chance of being rescued. I began to lose sense of time and everything I did seemed pointless. I was constantly hungry,
but hunting seemed out of the question. One evening, I glimpsed a wild boar not far from the cave. Instead of plotting
to trap the animal, I found myself wondering whether I was intruding in its home and felt a pang of: 1 CƠN, 1
KHOẢ NG THỜ I GIAN guilt about using the cave for a roof over my head. Even setting traps for smaller animals or
fishing seemed beyond my capabilities back then, although this would change, of course, as my days on the island
stretched into weeks. In those early days, though, I survived on berries and roots. Fairly early on, I also began laying
out seaweed to dry in the sun, an idea that came to me after remembering it was a popular dish in Japan.
My biggest challenge was starting a fire, which I eventually managed to do on the third day by using a piece of
broken glass that had washed up on the shore to focus the sun’s rays onto some dry grass. In the evenings, the warmth
and the orange flow provided a little comfort and certainly helped to ward off: XUA ĐUỔI any unwanted visits from
the local wildlife.
I slowly began to take the situation in my stride, becoming skillful at making traps and fishing hooks, I also
improved my shelter and even began fashioning some simple tools and other items to make everyday chores on the
island easier. I also spent time arranging rocks spelling out messages for help. I realized that it was only a matter of
time before a plane flew overhead or a boat passed close by. Being rescued didn’t feel like such a long shot after all,
and I just had to keep going until then.
1. What does the narrator recall in the first paragraph?
A. How she had injured her leg B. Their boat filling with water
C. Their lifeboat sinking D. Her friends falling overboard
2. What can we infer about the narrator’s initial unwillingness to move from the place where she came to?
A. She thought there was a better chance of her friends finding her there.
B. She was in too much physical pain to move.
C. She wanted to rest and think carefully about a survival plan.
D. She was in shock about what had happened to her.
3. The narrator eventually moves from the beach in order to
A. carry out a wider search for her friends B. try to locate things important for her immediately survival
C. investigate the island’s wildlife D. find out if the island was inhabited
4. On her first night in the cave, what did the narrator think about her friends?
A. She concluded they were fortunate not to be there with her
B. She felt a little angry that they hadn’t come to find her
C. She worried that something very bad had happened to them
D. She surmised that they had probably reached safety by them
5. The narrator suggests that she
A. ended up spending some considerable time on the island
B. always found fishing to be less demanding than hunting
C. knew it was pointless to hunt or fish before she had mastered fire-making
D. had always had moral objections to hunting animals
6. What do we learn about the narrator in the final paragraph?
A. She later found the evidence of other inhabitants of the island
B. As time went on, she became less hopeful about being rescue
C. She saw planes and boats sometimes, but they never came to rescue her
D. She eventually adapted quite well to her new circumstances
II. PASSAGE A. In which section are the following mentioned?
1. E : the reason why Jamaican Creole is looked down upon
2. D : a source by which Jamaicans were exposed to English after Patois developed
3. B : how most people speak in Jamaica
4. A : the name of the legally recognized language of Jamaica
5. C : why there are not many Arawak’s in Jamaica today
6. B : the part of society that speaks the London Standard of English
7. C : the places where most Jamaican people live
8. D : a significant development during the years when growing sugar was important
9. A : African languages that were particularly important in the development of Patois
10. B : the characteristics that make Jamaican Patois unique
A. Language in Jamaica today reflects the history of the country’s interaction with a variety of cultures and
languages from many ethnic, linguistic, and social backgrounds. Aside from the Arawak, the original inhabitants of
Jamaica, all its people were exiles or children of exiles: SỰ/NG BỊ ĐÀY ĐI BIỆT XỨ. Over 90% of the 2.5 million
people living in Jamaica today are descendants: HẬU DUỆ of slaves brought from western Africa by the British. The
local Jamaican language is a reflection of a history of contact with a variety of speakers, but the official language
remains Standard English. The most influential speakers were immigrants from Africa and Europe. Kwa, Manding, and
Kru are amongst the variety of prominent African languages apparent in Jamaican history. Early Modern English was
brought to the Caribbean by sailors, soldiers, indentured: KO CÓ LƯƠNG servants, convicts, and lower-class settlers
in the form of regional and non-standard dialects.
B. Today the Jamaica creole: NGÔ N NGỮ LAI TẠ P language, called Jamaican Patois, falls at one extreme of the
linguistic spectrum while Standard English lies at the other end of the spectrum. The majority of the population
speaks a language which falls in between the two. At one end there is the educated model spoken by the elite, which
follows the “London Standard”. At the other extreme is what linguists call “creolized” English, fragmented English
speech and syntax with African influences developed during the days of slavery. This is the speech of the peasant or
laborer with little education. In the middle of the language scale there is the inclusion of Jamaican rhythm and
intonation of words, which evolved within the country, as well as the presence of other uniquely Jamaican traits
including retention in common speech of English words now rare or poetic as well as new formations such as
alterations of existing words.
C. Jamaican history and the formation of Patois are based on the experience of exile. In the early 16th century
Spanish settlement began in Jamaica with the Arawak as their first slave labor force. Within 100 years very few
Arawak survived due to a deadly epidemic. The only evidence of the Arawak dialect in Jamaica today is a few loan
words, place names, foods, natural objects and events. Camaca is actually an Arawak word meaning “island of
springs”, which is where the name Jamaica is derived from. It is possible that the first contact of the Arawak and the
Spaniards may have led to an early pidgin or bilingualism among the first generation of mixed blood. Throughout
Spanish rule, the Arawak had contact with Spanish colonists, Portuguese, Amerindians brought in as slaves from other
parts of the Caribbean, and West Africans. Then, in 1655, the English attacked the Spanish colony bringing with them
new influences. Arriving with the invaders were soldiers recruited from England Barbados, and Montserrat; settlers
from Surinam, Barbados, Bermuda, New England, and Virginia; Jews from Brazil; indentured servants from Bristol;
midland and northern lower-class English speakers; convicts from large prisons in England; Romany speakers; and a
variety of African speakers. The birth of population centers, such as Port Royal, Passage Fort, and Kingston, served as
a mixing pot of many different speakers.
D. Today linguists agree that East Indians, Spanish, and Arawaks have contributed a little vocabulary to the
Jamaican dialect, but the majority of non-English terms, grammar and phonology is African. Africans came to acquire
forms of English because of the domination of the English dialects of their plantation-owning masters. The heyday:
THỜI HOÀNG KIM of sugar, between 1700-1834, is the period thought to be most responsible for the forming of
Patois. At this time, increasing numbers of Africans were imported to work on the large plantations. By the end of the
century Africans made up a quarter of the slave population and Creole took precedence over the African past.
Increases in written records of Jamaican Creole were seen at the time of the abolitionist movement: PHONG TRÀ O
BÃ I NÔ from 1770 to 1838, but English continued to influence Jamaican Creole in the form of biblical and prayer-book
language.
E. The perception that English-lexicon Creole languages are a form of “bad English” still persists today in
Jamaica. Jamaican Patois continues to be considered an unacceptable official language and an informal language not to
be used for any formal purpose. Creole speakers are often compared to those speakers of Standard English. The
similarity of Creole to English has led Creole speakers to be labelled as socially and linguistically: VỀ MẶT NGÔN
NGỮ inferior, although Jamaica Creole is increasing showing up in newspapers once known for their old-fashioned
Standard English, on the radio, and in songs. Indeed, in the past 30 or 40 years linguists have finally begun to
recognize Creole as a language in itself.

HW: LÀ M HẾ T PHIẾ U
NGHE + NHẮ C LẠ I TỪ NG CÂ U THEO LINK
PASSAGE B. In which sections does the writer mention
1. C : the instructor’s approval of something?
2. D : that somebody was hoping to improve their job prospects?
3. C : a necessary step in order to make a drystone wall aesthetically pleasing?
4. A : how inactive he typically is?
5. A : his long-term fascination with something?
6. D : somebody benefiting from skills they had acquired in a very different setting?
7. B : getting an initial impression of somebody that was misleading?
8. C : what the preliminary preparations necessary before building a drystone wall are?
9. B : that the group he was with didn’t look like they were capable of doing the job at hand?
10. C : a fact that would make their job more straightforward?
A. They say that a day in the countryside is great for relaxation, especially for people like me with jobs that
combine constant stress-inducing deadlines with a largely sedentary existence at a porky workstation. Anyway, my
day in the country was going to involve manual labour as well as fresh air since I’d signed up for some rudimentary
on-the-job training as a drystone waller. Drystones walls (stone walls built without mortar or cement) are a
characteristic feature of much of Britain’s upland farming areas. They serve a variety of purposes: denoting property
boundaries, separating fields, facilitating livestock management and providing some shelter from the strong icy winds
that can sweep over great swathes of the countryside. I’d observed these walls countless times on my travels around
the country and had always been curious about how they were built. This would be my chance to find out.
B. At seven in the morning on a sunny Saturday in June, a group of eight of us met up at Dalry Farm in
Perthshire to spend the day learning something about the ancient techniques used to build these walls. In charge was
an expert drystone waller, Ken Brown, a wiry, lightly built man in his early sixties with the weather-beaten
complexion of someone who has spent their working life out in the elements. He had a serious demeanour that belied
what turned out to be an easy-going personality. Our group, which was made of a wide range of people in terms of age,
race and gender, seemed on first appearances to be rather an unlikely bunch for a stint of what was supposedly going
to be hard manual labour. At least Mr Brown was pleased to note that we had turned up suitably attired, especially as
regards our sturdy work gloves and our stout boots with steel toecaps. Like all good teachers, he first ensured we got
a clear idea of the task ahead of us. Nearby, there was a stretch about twelve or so metres long of badly damaged wall
that was in need of reconstruction.
C. Mr Brown explained that, before a brand new world is built, the topsoil is dug out to make a level surface for
the foundation stones to sit on. These stones, referred to as ‘footings’, are usually the largest stones. In our wall,
fortunately, the footings were still in place which would save us some time and effort. We then learnt that we would
build two ‘skins’, one for each side of the wall. For the skins, which make up the bulk of the wall, we had to use good
‘face stones’, placing each one in a way that would give the wall the most attractive ‘face’. Between the skins goes the
‘hearting’, small pieces of stone that are tightly packed in the middle, and ‘through’ stones are set in key places at
regular intervals to help bond the two skins and hold them together. Finally, large ‘coping’ stones are selected to be
put vertically along the top of the wall, packed or slotted together very tightly. You need a good eye to keep the wall
level horizontally and everything in line vertically. Additionally, we had to try to gauge the ‘batter’ well. Each skin of
the wall must have a ‘batter’. In other words, from the base up the wall should taper slightly in towards the center,
resulting in a structure somewhat wider at the bottom than at the top.
D. By the end of the day, weary, but pleasantly so, and ready for a long hot bath, I entered my friends’ contact
details into my mobile. Working together in fairly close proximity had allowed us to get to know each other a bit.
Jenny, a 32-year-old teacher, had come to get a break from the city, and most of the others had office jobs. The only
exceptions were Matt and Meg. The former, a 40-year-old carpenter, explained that he was trying to acquire some
building skills that would help him get work on larger projects. He certainly had a good eye for lines and angles.
However, Meg, a 52-year-old confectioner at a large city-centre bakery was even more skilled in this regard, a fact that
she put down to her practice at such activities as icing large multi-tiered wedding cakes.
III. Read the text below and decide which answer (A,B,C or D) best fits each gap
PASSAGE A. Language is thought to be an indication for transmitting the information within thoughts. One
experiment used to demonstrate this idea (1)A subjects to listen to a short passage of several sentences, then to
repeat the passage. Most people will accurately convey the (2)D of the passage in the sentences they produce, but will
not come close to repeating the sentences verbatim. It appears that two (3)C are occurring. Upon hearing the passage,
the subjects convert the language of the passage into a more abstract representation of its meaning, which is more
easily (4)A within memory. Then in order to recreate the passage, the subject (5)D is representation and converts its
meaning back into language. This separation of thought and language is less intuitive than it might be because
language can be a powerful (6)C with which to manipulate thoughts. It provides a mechanism to internally rehearse,
critique and (7)C thoughts. This internal form of communication is (8)C for a social animal and could certainly be, in
part, responsible for the strong selective pressure for improved language use.
1. A. requires B. obtains C. demands D. promotes
2. A. hunch B. hub C. gist D. precision
3. A. transformations B. instigations C. iterations D. applications
4. A. stored B. reminded C. acquired D. retrieved
5. A. supplies B. discovers C. reveals D. recalls
6. A. boon B. prompt C. tool D. motive
7. A. obscure B. modify C. reflect D. accept
8. A. incidental B. insignificant C. essential D. definitive
PASSAGE B. Satellite technology has revolutionized the field of meteorology. The 1960 launch of the first television
and observation satellite heralded the beginning of a completely different approach, not only to (1B the weather, but
also to looking at climatic and environmental phenomena. The main problem with (2C methods of observation was
that they could not monitor weather patterns over the world’s oceans. It is above these oceans, which comprise (3D
75% of the surface of the planet, where the most severe storms begin. (4B scientists were unable to provide advance
warning of impending storms. Nowadays, however, meteorologists can keep (5flag on hurricanes and typhoons that
are still far out at sea. Satellites are also fitted (6B with instruments that can collect a huge quantity of data related to
the changes that the Earth’s climate is undergoing. Conservationists hope that they will be able to use this evidence to
increase awareness of environmental issues and to (7C upon decision-makers to pay more attention to the far-
reaching (8A of human activities on the natural world.
1. A. foreseeing B. forecasting C. envisioning D. estimating
2. A. conventional B. moderate C. routine D. conservative
3. A. closely B. generally C. totally D. roughly
4. A. Equivalently B. Consequently C. Nonetheless D. Subsequently
5. A. marks B. hooks C. tabs D. flags
6. A. over B. across C. through D. out
7. A. demand B. appeal C. prevail D. pressure
8. A. influence B. role C. place D. function
IV. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each space
PASSAGE A. There are solid reasons for supporting, preserving, and documenting endangered languages. First, each
and (1) every language is a celebration of the rich cultural diversity of our planet; second, each language is an
expression of a unique ethnic, social, regional or cultural identity and world view; third, language is the repository (2)
and the history and beliefs of a people; and finally, every language encodes a particular subset of fragile human
knowledge (3) of agriculture, botany, medicine and ecology. (4) Without a doubt, mother tongues are comprised of far
more (5) than grammar and words. For example, Thangmi, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by an ethnic
community of around 30,000 people in eastern Nepal, is a mine of unique indigenous terms for local flora and fauna
that have medical and ritual value. Much of this local knowledge is falling (6) into disuse as fluency in Nepali, the
national language, increases. (7) Many children case to speak their mother tongue, the oral transmission of specific
ethnobotanical and medical knowledge also (8) come to an end.
PASSAGE B. I grew up in what was then a small village, though now it would more accurately be described as a
bustling town. I never really liked the small-town mentality of the place and couldn’t (1) wait to escape. AS soon as I
finished school, I moved on in search of pastures (2) new. I was far (3) more alone in feeling this way. Within a few
years, my classmates had scattered around the world in (4) search of better jobs or other opportunities. Every now
and then, we would bump (5) into each other in some foreign city and spend some time reminiscing. There were
people and places we missed of course but, on the (6) , none of us regretted leaving. The one exception to all of this
was my best friend, Rebecca. She stayed in our hometown, started a business, got married, had children and never left
(7) except to take the occasional holiday. While the rest of us felt that we had to go elsewhere to find ourselves,
Rebecca always knew exactly who she was and what she needed to (8) keep her happy.
SECTION D. WRITING
I. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
1. There were plenty of people there to help us so the job got done quickly. (LACK)
-> The job got done quickly because it didn’t lack help.
2. Your gift is so generous that I do not feel like I can accept it. (POSSIBLY)
-> I can’t possibly accept such a generous gift.
3. Everything about the film was good but we were mostly impressed by the photography. (IMPRESSIVE)
-> The photography impressed us the most in the film.
4. Mandy has never forgotten to bring a snack. (REMEMBER)
-> Mandy always remembers to bring a snack.
5. Everyone in the company is hard-working, including Bob. (ANYONE)
-> Bob is as hard-working as anyone in the company.
6. The time that must be invested in development is the only drawback of this software. (ASIDE)
-> This software is perfect aside its lengthy development time.
7. You were wrong to scold the child in front of the others. (OUGHT)
You ought to get the child off in front of the others.
8. Entry is prohibited to those without a valid ticker. (POSSESSION)
Unless you are in possession of a valid ticket you will not be allowed in. 
9. We are trying to persuade Jim to come out with us.  (TALK)
We are trying to persuade Jim to talk out with us.
10. Mary always tried to remain impartial when her brothers started fighting. (SIDES)
Mary always tried to avoid taking sides out between her brothers. 
11. Irene was so upset that she started crying. (BURST)
So upset Irene burst into tears. 
12. I’m surprised Erica didn’t lose her job for being so rude. (RESULT)
The fact that Erica’s result wasn’t the sack surprised me. 
II. Rewrite the whole sentence using the given word
1. Though it looks bad now, it’ll be ok in the end. (RUN)
It’ll be ok in the long-run though it looks bad now.
2. Unfortunately, he is flat breaking these days. (PENNY)
He doesn’t have a penny these day
3. His writing isn’t worse than yours. (NO)
Your writing is no better than his
4. Her feet were freezing. (ICE)
Her feet were like icicles
5. Don’t pay any attention to what he says. (NOTICE)
Act as if you don’t notice what he says.
6. After the scandal, he was asked to resign immediately. (IN)
In the result of the scandal, he was asked to resign immediately. After the scandal, he was asked to hand in his
resignation immediately.
7. Being a tennis coach doesn’t really suit him, you know. (OUT)
He is out of being a tennis coach you know. He is not cut out to be a tennis coach, you know
8. I want to stay out of this quarrel. (SIDES)
I don’t want to take sides in this quarrel
9. Lee was fired after only six months. (SACK)
Lee was sacked after only six months
10. The number of employees at the factory has been reduced. (CUTBACK)
The number of employees was cut back
11. “What you tell me will never go beyond these four walls”, he said. (IN)
I will never talk about what you told me in this room. What you tell me will be in the strictest confidence.
12. Isn’t it time you confessed and admitted you leaked the information? (CLEAN)
Isn’t it time you make a clean breast of it and admit that you leaked the information?
13. The workers stopped speaking to their workmate as he voted against the strike. (SENT)
The workers sent their workmate to coventry as he voted against the strike
14. James must be totally crazy if he thinks I’d agree to such a plan. (OUT)
James must be out of his mind if he thinks I’d agree to such a plan.
15. The baby is a bit sick today and seems to do nothing but cry. (SORTS)
The baby is out of sorts today and seems to do nothing but cry
16. I don’t really care where we go tonight. (DIFFERENCE)
It not really a difference where we go tonight
17. The way you reacted to her question was completely over the top. (OUT)
The way you reacted to her was completely out of the line
18. This doesn’t concern you, so stay out of it. (MIND)
This doesn’t concern you so get it out of you mind
19. If they weren’t always working against each other, they’d do a lot better. (IN)
If they were working in a team, they’d do a lot better
20. I’m sure he didn’t know his brother was seriously ill. (POSSIBLY)
He couldn’t have possibly known his brother was seriously ill