CONTENT

1. DC-DC Converter
This simple circuit lets you run a 1W LED from the battery of your car. IC MC34063 is
used here as a buck converter. It is a monolithic switching regulator sub-system intended
for use as a DC-DC converter. The device consists of an internal temperature-
compensated reference, a comparator, a controlled duty-cycle oscillator with an active
current-limit circuit, a driver and a high-current output switch. These functions are
contained in an 8-pin dual in-line package. Another major advantage of the switching
regulator is that it allows increased application flexibility of the output voltage

Another circuit
Conversion of AC to AC is quite simple as in compare to DC to DC converter because it
only implies a transformer which converts AC from one voltage level to another voltage
level. But conversion of DC to DC is quite tedious work without transformer and more
power losses. Here is simple, low-cost, high precision circuit which converts 6-V DC to
12-V DC without using transformer and easy to construct with few component.
Circuit description of DC to DC conversion
The circuit of DC to DC conversion is build with a very popular IC LM555 used as
multivibrator mood which generate required frequency range from 2 to 10 kHz to drive
power transistor T2. Here potentiometer VR1 is used to adjust output frequency given to
transistor T2 via resistor R3. A zener diode in this circuit is used as voltage regulator
which regulates voltage to 12 volt.

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 Here Inductor L1 of 100 turns, 24 SWG enameled copper wire wounded on a 40mm dia.
toroidial ferrite core and capacitor C5 is employed for energy storage. Transistor T1 is
used to control output control with the help of resistor R4 R5.

PARTS LIST
Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± 5% Carbon)
R1, R2, R5 = 10 KΩ; R3, R4 = 220 Ω 1/2-watt; VR1 = 47 KΩ
Capacitors
C1 = 0.0047 µF; C¬2 = 0.01 µF; C3 = 0.1 µF; C4 = 470 µF/25V; C5 = 2200 µF/35V
Semiconductors
D1 = 1N4007; D2 = Zener 12V, 500mA ½-watt; T1 = BC549; T2 = BD139; IC1 =
NE555 timer IC
Miscellaneous
L1 = 100 Turns, 24 SWG insulated copper wire on 40mm Dia. toroidal core

2. Periodically on-off Mosquito repellents circuit

Some of the mosquito repellents available in the market use a toxic liquid to generate poisonous
vapours in order to repel mosquitoes out of the room. Due to the continuous release of poisonous
vapours into the room, after midnight the natural balance of the air composition for good health
reaches or exceeds the critical level. Mostly, these vapours attack the brain through lungs and
exert an anesthetic effect on mosquitoes as well as other living beings by small or greater
percentage. Long exposure to these toxic vapours may cause neurological or related problems [6].

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 3. IR sensors (infrared LEDs) to make an object-detection circuit
There are various applications of IR sensors such as TV remote controllers, burglar alarms and
object counters. Here we have used IR sensors (infrared LEDs) to make an object-detection
circuit and also a proximity sensor for path-tracking robots. The basic idea is to transmit the
infrared light through an IR LED, which is then reflected by any obstacle ahead and sensed by the
receiving LED.

Another circuit
infrared (IR) remote controller comprises the transmitter and receiver sections. The range of the
transmitter can be increased up to 5 meter by using convex lens.
Circuit Description of infrared (IR) remote controller

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 Transmitter section: – The transmitter circuit of infrared (IR) remote controller is built around IC
741 (IC1) wired as frequency square wave oscillator. Gate pulse from pin no 6 of IC1 is given to
gate of SCR1 to drive IR LED1. Variable resistor VR1 is used to vary the generated frequencies.
Receiver Section: – The receiver circuit of infrared (IR) remote controller consist an IC 741,
photo transistor (T1) and medium power transistor (T2).
Photo transistor receives the transmitted signal and given to pin 2 of IC2 for amplification. The
amplified output from pin 6 of IC2 is given to base of relay driver transistor (T2) through non-
polarized capacitor C5, diode D1 and resistor R8. Variable resistor VR1 is used to match the
transmitting and receiving signal.

PARTS LIST
Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± 5% Carbon)
R1,R2 = 100 KΩ; R3, R5, R8 = 1 KΩ; R4 = 15 Ω; R6 = 22 KΩ; R7 = 10 MΩ; VR1 = 1 MΩ;
VR2 = 2.2 MΩ
Capacitors
C1, C3, C4 = 0.1 µF; C2 = 1 µF/100V; C5 = 2.2 µF/16V
Semiconductors
IC1, IC2 = 741; SCR1 = SN050; T1 = photo transistor; T2 = SL100; D1, D2 = 1N4001
Miscellaneous
RL1 = 15V, 500Ω Relay; IR LED

4. Simple Key-Operated Gate Locking System

This simple key-operated gate locking system allows only those persons who know the preset
code to open the gate. The code is to be entered from the keypad within the preset time to operate
the motor fitted in the gate. If anyone trying to open the gate presses a wrong key in the keypad,
the system is disabled and, at the same time, sounds an alarm to alert you of an unauthorised
entry. [1]

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 5. Mains Box Heat Monitor
This simple circuit monitors the mains distribution box constantly and sounds an alarm when it
senses a high temperature due to overheating, helping to prevent disasters caused by any sparking
in the mains box due to short circuits. It also automatically switches on a bright white LED when
the power fails. The LED gives ample light to check the mains box wiring or fuses in darkness.
The circuit beeps once when power fails and again when power resumes [2].

6. Faulty Car Indicator Alarm

Before taking a turn, either left or right, car drivers need to switch on the car turn indicator lamps
so that the approaching vehicle drivers can take precaution accordingly. An accident is likely to
occur in case your car turn indicator lamps fail to glow due to some reason or the other. Here is a

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 circuit that sounds an alarm if your turn indicator lamps dont glow, helping you to safeguard
against any accident.[3]

7. TACHOMETER
A tachometer is an instrument that measures the rotational speed of a shaft or disk in a motor or
other machine. Here we present the basic version of the tachometer that shows the revolutions per
second (RPS) on a digital display.[4]

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 8. 1W LED For Automotive Applications
This simple circuit lets you run a 1W LED from the battery of your car. IC MC34063 is
used here as a buck converter. It is a monolithic switching regulator sub-system intended
for use as a DC-DC converter. The device consists of an internal temperature-
compensated reference, a comparator, a controlled duty-cycle oscillator with an active
current-limit circuit, a driver and a high-current output switch. These functions are
contained in an 8-pin dual in-line package. Another major advantage of the switching
regulator is that it allows increased application flexibility of the output voltage [5].

9. Play With Robotic Eye (IR Sensor)

There are various applications of IR sensors such as TV remote controllers, burglar alarms and
object counters. Here we have used IR sensors (infrared LEDs) to make an object-detection
circuit and also a proximity sensor for path-tracking robots. The basic idea is to transmit the
infrared light through an IR LED, which is then reflected by any obstacle ahead and sensed by the
receiving LED [7].

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 10. Timer From Old Quartz Clock
You can build an accurate, low-cost timer from the circuit of an old quartz clock. This timer has a
time duration of up to two hours, which is sufficient for most day-to-day activities [8].

11. Keep Away Ni-Cd From Memory Effect

Ni-Cd batteries suffer from an undesirable memory effect due to partial discharge. The remedy is
to completely discharge the battery before recharging [9].

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 12. Crystal AM Transmitter
Here is the circuit of a medium-power AM transmitter that delivers 100-150 mW of radio
frequency (RF) power [10].

13. Programmable Electronic Dice

Here's a simple programmable electronic dice with numeric display. This dice can be
programmed using a 4-way DIP switch to display any random number between '1' and '2,' '1' and
'3,' ... or '1' and '9 [11].

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 14. Software of the Month: Resistor Calculator 1.0.6
A simple, easy-to-use freeware for Windows that saves a lot oftime and effort in
determining the colour code of resistors and resistance values required for LED circuits
[12].

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 15. IR-Controlled Water Supply
This circuit can be used in homes or small restaurants for any type of water supply unit, such as
toilet flush or washbasin tap [13].

16. PC-Based Candle Igniter

Here’s a PC-based lighting system that lets you light up a candle using matchsticks by just
pressing the ‘Enter’ key on the PC’s keyboard. It is especially useful when celebrating such
occasions as birthdays and anniversaries [14].

17. Noise Meter

Noise pollution is tends to many non-communicable diseases and. Safe level of noise is
considered up to 30 dB. Here is a interesting circuit by dreamlover technology, “Noise Meter”
used to measure the level of noise indicting by LED and in addition it give warning when noise
crosses the safe level of 30 dB by beeping sound.
Circuit description of Noise meter
The entire circuit of noise meter has been designed and fabricated using sound intensity sensor
and display unit. Here condenser microphone is used as sensor of noise meter with operational
amplifier (IC2) and corresponding passive components. The inverting and non-inverting input is
given to operational amplifier IC (IC2) from pin 2 and pin 3 respectively. Where output from pin
6 of IC2 is connected to the inverting input for negative feedback through resistor R5. The

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