= CAMBRIDGE [gj CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH Uf UNIVERSITY PRESS a a ear Nope Ae Terr B2 DusCAMBRIDGE CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge English EMPO we woRKB00 with ANSWERS Wayne Rimmerof good Who should we invite? ea 8 8 sn really matter what sport people chonse ‘Reading and listening extension Review and extension ‘She's happier now than she sed tobe We weren't alowed to takin “ s © Thankyou, youve sed my ry at communicating You could lve to be a hundred be setting into my modation money oA 2 Weve not making enough 0 weather's getting more Reading and listening extension Revien and extension Grammar Reviow of tenses Vocabulary Character adjectives Grammar Questions . Vocabulary Tying and succeeding Everyday English Explaining and checking Pronunciation Rap speech 6 understanding Reading An article tout technology and communication Writing skills Organising an article 7 ting An article about means of transport Reading An article about an oustanding person LUstening The unluckiest man in the world 8 WORDPOWER rake 8 (Grammar Narrative tenses Pronunciation fc been 10 Vecabulary Exccessions wth got ‘eranmar F ture te clauses and condiionals " ‘ecabulary Animals and the environment Everyday English Giving compliments and responding Pramuneatin Tone in question taps 2 Reading & leat on onentecing ‘Waiting sils Organising guidelines ina left 13 Weg A test about collecting mushrooms Reading An article about ternfying animals LUstening A ews story about 2 missing person 4 WORDPOWER face 15 Grammar Mist werd verbs 16 Vocabulary Ability and achievement ‘Grammar Present perect simple and continuous Pronunciation Syiabe siress 7 Vocabulary Words connected with sport Everyday English Making careful suggestions Pronunciation Consonant sounds. 18 Reading An artcle about a bar chart Wetng skills Describing cata 19 ‘ting An article about a bar chart eating An article about Miche! Jotison Listening A conversation bout schoo! days 2 WORDPOWER up 2 (Grammar used fo and would 2 Vocabulary Cause and resuit ‘Grammar Modalty evew 1; Obligation and permission Pronunciation Sound andi speling: 2 Vocabulary Teking about dicuty Everyday English Exoressing careful cisagreement Pronunciation Crirastive stress a Reading A joo advernserent Wing sills Giving postive impression 3 Witing An appeation email Reading A bog post about unarien res, Listening Interviews with university graduates 6 WOROPOWER as Grammar Fuse provabty Pronunciation Yan 1” 28 Vocabulary Acjectves describing attude Grammar Future perfect and future continuous 2 Vocabulary The natural word Everyay English Discussing acantoges anc Pronunciation Tone groups 0 dsadvantages Reaing An essay on population growth Writing skills Reporting opnions 4 Writing for and agzinst essay Reading An article about optimistic people LUstening A conversation about an unusual supermarket 32 WORDPOWER sice a{8A Tim not going io Wy fo see Grammar Gerunds and infintves| Pronunciation Consonant groups u eveything \Veeabulary Travel and tourism 6B Avout naif the wor’s Grammar The p2ssive 38 languages wil disappear Vocabulary Describing change {66 itS time you two had a break Everyday English riroducing requests; Pronunciation Consonant sounds 36 tegetrer ‘Showing you ae gratetu! 8D The scenery was tontaste Reading A travel bog Wing skills Using descriptive anguage a Writing A biog about place you ve been to Reading and listening extension Reading Ar article about language change LUstening A podcast on staycations 8 Review and extension WOROPOWER out 39 TA There’ very ite trafic Grammar foo/eroughy; sasuch 40 ‘oeabulary Describing ifn cites 1 7 could have it done bya Grammar Causatve haveget Pronunciation Sound and speling: 0 4 rofessiona ‘ecabulary Fim anc TV; Houses ‘TE We could havea table here or Everyday English Imagining how things could be ‘Pronunciation Sress in compound nouns a2 something TD Theresa great deal ct Reading An email of complant + Wing skills Using formal language a concern Witing An eral of complaint Reading and listening extension Reading Ar are about DIY roubles Listening A conversation about ving nthe city “ Review and extension WORDPOWER cown 45 ‘QA a thet start saving for 8 Grammar Fist and second cendtionals 46 home: Vocabulary Money and finance 88 I would have pened # Grammar Third conditional: should have + past participle Pronuneation Siressed and unstressed words a Vocabulary Crime {80 You ind sarsewhers Everyday English Being encouraging Pronunciation Word groups {80 really recommend it Reading 4 fl review of King Kong ‘Waiting sills Organising a review Waiting A fim review Reading and listening extension Reating Ay article about financial computer tools Listening raco programme about local eres 50 Review and extension WOROPOWER toke 31 ‘9A What really shocks me's that Grammar Relative clauses ‘Pronunciation Sour and speling: ui 2 it costs €280,000 Vocabulary Heit 88 Noone knew who he was Grammar Reported speech; reporting verbs 33 \Vecabutary Verbs descriving thought and knowedge 98 Whats the big secret? Everyday English Expcessing uncertainty Pronunciation Linking and intrusion 54 90 They nave along tition Reading An essay about the value of sport in keeping ft Wrng hills Presenting a serie of arguments 55 and heathy ‘Writing An essay comparing our health today and in the past ‘Reading and listening extension Reating Pn ar%cle about Georges Mliés Listening & conversation between 8 doctor and a pationt $6 Review and extension WOROPOWER come 7 OA iiight not have been his Grammar Past modals of deduction Pronunciation Vor sivess 8 real name ‘Vocabulary Acjectves wth petves 108 Ive managed tomake a Grammar Wishes anc regrets 59 (ream come rue Vocabulary Verbs of tort 10C Two things to celebrate tay Everyday English Describing how you fet Pronunciation Consonant groups 60 10D | forced myself to be calm Reading An intriguing story Wing skits Waking a story interesting 8. Writing A siory Reading and listening extension Reading A bog post about egrets LUstening People tating about recent events a Review and extension WOROPOWER way 6 a ax! A ay : : ‘uioscripts 70 ‘Answer key 7%EE SRAMMAR Review of tenses @ Deter the correct words to complete the text. | we started tot ee _ photos, but he's @ really friendly guy. In the end, ‘Sam ‘invites / has invited /invited me for a coffee. Then he told me why he was in town. His film company Tmade / have made / were making a new film and they have / have had / are having lots of new faces in it, just ‘ordinary people, but they need some more. ‘How about you” Sam asked. “Did you watch / Have you watched / ‘Are you watching any of my films? Do you want to be ‘one? I was so shocked | "Shave dropped / was dropping / dropped my cup on the floor! The hot coffee went all ‘over Sam; he screamed and ran outside. | ost my big chance! b ©MM Listen and check. © Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box: present simple, present continuous, present perfect, past simple or past continuous. come do not finish get not have meet remember think werk write 1. John —Sewarking — in a small marketing agency at the moment, 2 es 3A What B I'mastudent 4. Shakespeare plays and poetry, andt thousands of words in English come from them. anybody famous? you_____? 5 Our fiends ____for dinner, but had to cancel because they were il 6 Not many people ____ her well now. 7. He was rich and famous, but he many friends. 8 The game ___yet, there are five minutes to go. 9 Things slowly —__ worse in the Cffice now that Mrs Andrews has retired 10 |____ t's a great idea to go skiing while we've ‘ot some snow. VOCABULARY Character adje @ Underline the correct words to complete the sentences. 1 Don't be so motivated / stubborn / ambitious! You know what | am saying makes sense. 2 | wanted him to help me, but he was very unsympathetic! inspiring passionate and didn't want to do anything, 3. Margarita is 2 really inspiring/ sensitive / arrogant woman and an example to everyone. 4. Susan is motivated / optimistic passionate about basketball and trains every day. 5 He's rude and sensitive determined I arroga he's better than everyone else 6 If you are motivated self-confident! pessim things because you really want todo them. he thinks you do b Complete the crossword puzzle. PL Toly Faye. > Across 1 showing fim friendship or support 6 not listening to people's opinions or changing your mind 8 thinking about the future in a positive way Down ‘wanting to be successful making a decision and not letting anyone stop you easy to hurt or upset people have a good opinion of you having no experience and expecting things to be allright, PRONUNCIATION Sound and spelling: e ‘@ How is the underlined letter e pronounced in each word in the box? Complete the table with the words. ‘concerned desert desire dessert helpful identity prefer prizes revise sensitive service slept ‘Sound 1 Jef ieee need ‘Sound 2 Ay b GME Listen and check.ie Mean aie EE GRAMMAR Questions @ Underline the correct words to complete the ‘conversation, FABIO. Hi, there, "You have / Have you got ive minutes? GABRIELLA Sure, “what/ what aid you want to talk to me about? FABIO. Well, 'm doing a triathlon next month. *Dicn't/ Weren't you read my post? GABRIELLA. No, | haven't seen it A triathlon, wow! *Whatfor?/ For what? It sounds realy tough FABIO. It's not easy, yeah, swimming, cycling, then wunning. GABRIELLA “What / Which of those is the most difficult? FABIO. All of them! Er, ®werent/ didn't you a good ‘swimmer once? GABRIELLA Yeah, once. What are you looking at me like ’that for for that? FABIO. —_Doyou think "could you / you could coach me? GABRIELLA | don't know whether what I've got enough time. "Can / Shai think about it and phone you later? FABIO. No problem. That's great, I'l swim a lot faster with your help. GABRIELLA Who "knows / does know? You might win! b MB Listen and check. Put the words in the correct order to make questions. 1 a/ want / do / marathon /to/ you / tun ? Doyouwanttorunamarathon?@ 2. to/ this / going /is / do / why / she? 3 the / register / who / competition / need to/for/ doesn't? 4 ving / why / our / aren't / tickets / they /us ? 5 of / which /to do/ would you / the challenges / ike ? 6 have /ever done /the most / you / difficult / whet is /thing ? 7 for / did / hard training / what / this / we do / all? 8 the /happened / of / what / at /end / the game ? 9 have /think we / of /@ chance / you / do/ winning ? 10 who / your / website / designed ? VOCABULARY Trying and succeeding @ Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. There is one extra phrase you do not need. succeed in give up keep to keep it up manage to try out workout “i 1 Sandra likes to 2 Simon wants to —workaut atthe gym = __anew inher lunch break recipe for lemon cake. 3 We really need to 4: Charlie's kids told him to fastfood. = __. wy . 4s 5 The Smiths didn't 6 Itwon't be easy to assemble ___ this diet their kitchen table. b Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. five up have-e-go keep to keep itup make an effort manage to successfully complete try out work out 1 I'd ke to have ago at snowboarding, but I'm afraid of falling and breaking something, 27%. the course, you need to pass all four modules 3 Ifyou this training programme, you'l get back in shape very quickly. 4 I play tennis on Saturdays and | also ___ once fr twice a week in a local gym. - 5. My cars in the garage and | don't know if they will repair it by Monday. 6 Fred went sailing with me twice and he's terrible at it, but hhe doesn't want to 7 Your writing has improved a lot this semester s0 8 Would you lke to the new version of the software, sir? 9 | know Jade isnt interested in the project, but she could at least to get involved.MSU CRS LCS i SE Aa HEE CONVERSATION SKILLS Breaking off a conversation @ Tick (¥) the best way to break off the conversation. EAUSEFUL LANGUAGE > C)telme again Explaining and checking understanding @ Put the extracts in the correct order to explain how to take a good photograph. 1 Aways remember to keep stil. f the camera moves — now, but thanks for calling b @MB Listen and check. EXPRONUNCIATION Rapid speechSkills for Writing Pr a Ue READING a Read the article. Are the sentences true or false? 1 The woman has the same opinion as most other people, She has noticed an imbalance in communication, The experiment involved the couple nat It was a positive experience for them. Technology has made us forget our priorities. ‘We don't need technology. b Read the article again and tick (/) the best ending for the sentences. 1 The purpose of the fist paragraph is a Z| toexplain he writer's matwvaton b CL) tocompere different types of communication. ¢ Fy tointroduce a theory about communication The main rule ofthe experiment was that they [had to communicate as litle as possible. b Ey couldn't say anything to each other. © EJ needed to explain things very simpy 3. The point about breakfasts that 2 L] making meals involves technology. EJ itwas an amusing stuaton, © CJ everything was so simple. 4. The resto the day showed thatthe experiment 2] needed to continue for longer. b [J only worked until a friend got involved. © Ey was not as easy as they thought She texted her husband to discuss 2 C1 plans fora pary b Ei the effectiveness of the experiment. ¢ Ey her friend's communication problems. 6 Theconclusion is that @ L] the experiment was mosty a faure b technology has changed relationships between people. ¢ L] speaking is still an effective kind of communication. WRITING SKILLS Organising an article Read the tips (1-8) for writing an article. Is the advice good or bad? Tick (¥) the correct box. ‘When you're writing an article. 1. plan the structure of your article before you start writing it write the article in your own language fist, then translate i. write short paragraphs with one or two sentences. include questions to engage the reader. Use a dictionary to find interesting words and phrases. use inking words and expressions to join ideas. evaluate ideas — write what you think about them, @|Slolalslols check your writing when you have finished. mmunicating fora day. Face-to-face texting A lot of people think that technology brings people closer together, but I'm not so sure. People spend so much time texting and looking at computer screens that they hardly ever speak to one another. This made me think and I decided to do a little experiment. One day my husband and I decided not to speak to each other at all. We could email, text, etc. but we couldn't actually communicate in words. So, at breakfast he sent me a text to ask if I wanted any more toast and I replied that I didn’t but I wouldn't mind another cup of tea. We both thought it was funny at first, but things got more complicated as the day went on. For example, a friend phoned me about a special party she was organising, I had to text my husband for about 20 minutes to discuss everything. ‘The whole thing made me appreciate that nothing can replace face-to-face communication - talking to each other. Communication may be easier because of technology, but people aren't machines, We sometimes forget that simple things are often the most important in life. EAWRITING Imagine that for one week you had to walk or cycle to get around, rather than use a car or public transport. Write an article about your experience. Use the notes to help you, and your own ideas. Introduction: how you usually get around, your feelings about walking / cycling vs. cars / public transport ‘Your experience: good things (exercise, see interesting ‘things, cheaper) ‘Your experience: dificulties (takes longer, bad weather, dangerous?) Evaluation: walking / cycing better in some situations, should use care / public transport lessUNIT 1 Reading and listening extension EB READING bb Read the article again and tick () the correct answers. 1. Neck’ parents knew he would be be ft arms and les. Read the article and tick (V) the statement that a Lime bl take cL] doesnt say matches Nick's attitude to his own body. 2. Nek was sometimes unhappy when he was at schol 1 [1 tts more eiicul living without arms and legs now than aQime bCltbe cL when he was young 3 d swim when he was just 18 months ol 2 D1 His physical condition means he is generally worried b Litase —c LJ do about trying new things, 4 ‘ick uses @ mouse to operate @ computer. 3 1 He gets on with is ite, even though he has no arms aCe = bL]tase cL} doesnt say cies 5 Nick uses the toe on his foot to do a sport. a Cite b Cltase —c doesn't say Have you ever thought what it might be like 6 The stadiums where Nick speaks are full ‘to live just a single day without being able to a C) tue b DO false ¢ D) doesn't say use your hands or legs? This is everyday life for Nick Vujicic, who was born without any limbs, However, Nick doesn’t let his condition stop him ~ he regularly takes part in sports, he has travelled all over the world and is also happily married with a young child. And unlike many able-bodied people, he can even swim and surf. to include: * what the person does and why you are impressed by this © any difficut s the person has had in thet ite + how the person has helped other people ‘Before Nick Vujicic was born, his parents had no idea that he would go on to have any medical problems none of the medical checks had ever shown a problem. However, when hhe was bom, it was clear that his life would be different ‘rom that of other babies. Growing up would not be easy. His parents decided to send him to a normal school, where ‘he would use a wheelchair, and where there were carers Available to assist him. The experience was difficult, but ‘Niok feels it was the best decision his parents could have ‘made, because it would give him a sense of independence. ‘Unsurprisingly, when he was at school. he sometimes felt ‘depressed and lonely, and was sometimes bullied. But he always had the support of his loyal friends and family, and ‘these people made him determined to overcome many problems. He even went on to study at university, where he Was awarded a degree in Financial Planning and Real Estate. What surprises many people is just how optimistic Nick can ‘be, and how many different things he has managed to do. Much of this is down to his parents. His father put him in ‘the water for the first time when he was 18 months, so that Nick would be self-confident enough to swim when he was ‘older. He has one stall foot which he can use to help him ‘move around in the water, He is able to operate a computer .by using the toe on this foot to type, something he learned to ‘do when he was just six years old. And when he plays golf ~ yes, he even plays golf - he is able to hold the golf club under his chin, ‘A Dig part of Nick’s life now is giving motivational talks. He travels around the world and has shared his inspiring story ‘with millions of people, speaking to audiences in packed stadiums. Nick's message is that you should never give up, ‘and that people should love themselves oven when they fail. Write a paragraph about an outstanding person you know or have heard about, who has helped others. RememberLISTENING a © Listen to Michael and Sarah talking about Frane ‘Selak, who some people have called the unluckiest man in the world. Put the events in the order they happened. OC 2 plane crash LD a car accident Dabus crash being hit bya bus ( winningthe lottery) a car fling off a mountain a train crash b Listen again and tick (¥) the correct answers. 1 What happened to Selak when he was in the tran crash? aL) He was very seriously injure. bb [2] He had an injury © C) He wasnt injured 2. Whats true about the plane crash that Seak survived? 2 C1 Several other people also survived the crash » [He escaped through a door afte it crashed EJ Hewas helped by a problem wit the plane. 3 What was the cause of the bus crash? a Ci the weather > the speed ofthe bus ¢ Fla technical problem withthe bus 4 Whats true about the ist incident wth a car that Selak had? 2] He as nat deving the car when it developed a problem, » EE The car exploded just after he got out EJ Flames came into the ca from the engine while he was driving it. 5 Why did his cargo off the side of the mountain inthe later accident? 4 C]He was hit by a lory b> [He hit tree and lost contra [He had to change diection to avoid lor. 6 Which of the following sentences is rue about when Selak won the lotr? 2] He often played the lottery at that time > [1] He occasionally played the lottery at that time. Ey He had never played the lottery before 7 What is Sarah's opinion of Selak's story? aC] Shes sure its true. > C] She is not sure if it's true. cE] She's sure ts untrue 8 What does Michael say about Selak? @ [He thinks that Selak is probably telling the truth. > E] He thinks that Seok is wrong to invent stories. ¢ Ci] He thinks its strange that Stak gave away his lottery winings. © Write about a time when you were very lucky or unlucky. Use these questions to help you: ‘© What was the situation? What were you doing? Why were you lucky or unlucky? How did you feel? Was anybody else with you? How did he or she feel? Do you think this happens to a lot of people? & Review and extension Tick () the correct sentences. Correct the wrong sentences. 1 (7 Iwte this letter to complain about the service. | am writing this letter to complain about the service. 2 [Take any train, al of them go there 3 Wink | deciaes what to do, 4] ave you ever heard from her again afterwards? 5 J | was having a shower when the water turned cod. 6 [5 Ion’ know Tom. How is he? 7 ©] why you didn't tet me? 8 [5] Whats the currency in Thalana? VOCABULARY Tick (V) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong sentences. 1 [7 There are determined subjects everyone should study. ‘There are certain subjects everyone should study. 2 [1 Don't mention to Laura. She's quite sensible about it. 3. © The Mayor is very respective in this town. 4 (L] The President gave a passionated speech about crime. 5 [1 Fd love to have a go at diving, 6 (Ne got a plan and I'm going to keep to it. make Match sentences 1-6 with responses a-f. {Bl Shall we go by car or walk? Z Wiy is it taking him such a Jong time to decide? Fim reat ara of your don, G cant you jst fotow the instructions? £5 [1] How can stay in a place like this? Bl Wat are the flowers for? ttimakes no difference to me He can never make up his mind He's only trying to make friends with you. dust make the best of it They don't make ary sense ‘To make up for being late. Baa OUL ett)2A Hee GUM Rete EEGRAMMAR Narrative tenses VOCABULARY Expressions with get ‘@ Underline the correct words to complete the sentences. @ Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 1 | had / was having | had had a quick shower and ran for the bus 2 Sorry, when you called, | spoke/ was speaking/ had i spoken to a customer. 3. By the time Jane arrived for dinner, everyone feft/ had left / hag left. 4 He set/ had set was setting the watch to 00:00 and began to run the marathon, 5 The phone had beer'/ was / has been ringing for about a ‘minute when | answered it. ‘attention away down hold involved point rid swept Al this grey weather i really geting me dawn _ and | feel quite depressed, There isn’t enough space. We need to get ofall this rubbish ‘Simon isa very busy man. You can never get of him when you need him. The waves are really big, so be careful not to get have y t J were. ae 6 What nave you doe Pad you done wre you din 5 lavgteagt nie say cl wets Sins he garage al that time 6 Togetthe waters inthis restaurant you 7. We were buying/ bought / had been buying some fruit and went to the next shop, 8 Someone had broken / was breaking / had been breaking the window, but we didn’t see who it was. 9 Hi, had you waited / were you waiting / you waited for me? 10. The manager stood up and had made / was making / made a speech, b ‘eed toring the bell I's been a very long term. I'd lke to get. this summer — not sure where. Don't get inall Karen's problems. People will start blaming you, Complete the sentences under the pictures with the expressions in the box. b Complete the text with the correct forms of the words in brackets. get through getto get into trouble get anywhere get the feeling get on my nerves ‘One evening some years ago, | '_wasthinking_ (think) ‘about what to do when my friend Janice phoned. Janice was in a good mood because she ®__ finish) all ner exams and she was free now, She °_____(come) round and we decided to go for a walk. We “__________ (go) very far when 1 That looks fun. 2 'mnotsurelil 3 |___ we saw something very unusual inside the old building How do you allthis this will be over near the market. Years earlier the place —ottto do today. uickiy. 5____ (burn) down. No one knew how the fire this? &_____ start, but ever since then the place mae: had been empty. Anyway, in one of the windows we saw a face, the face of a young girl. She obviously i (cry) because there were still ears i ‘on her face. it “_____ (get) dark by then, but ‘we could still see her quite clearly. °___ (you 4 The company 5 He might 6 Allthis crying / See) that?’ | whispered to Janice. We won't ——___ —____ is starting to 10____ (never / be) in this building before and with this new walking into the TIM UAT Seseess vias Ts atid product house lke tat find the git. She '2___ (wear) some really ld clothes, they were dirty and smelt of smoke. PRONUNCIATION had been Tiaras * id, cryir in, “won oo ter ested toch or ene 8, ©mM Listen to the sentences and tek) the u pinpaprdeba attests ‘ones which include had. is now @ restaurant and all our friends wonder why Sentence1 J] Sentence6 Janice and | will never go there with them! Sentence2 [] Sentence? [) Sentence3 [] Sentences EF] Sentence] sentenceo ] ¢ Gum Listen and check. sentences Sentence 10 C} "10EE GRAMMAR Future time clauses and conditionals Underline the correct words to complete the conversation. MARIO. Hi, Sita. Are you coming camping with us? SIWIA.'1f1 When you stil want me to, sure MARIO. Great. It should be good fun if/ unless the weather gets ed 5As long 2s if we get a couple of days of decent weather, | dont mind. What do I need to take? The usual stuff. ‘When get home, I'l txt you the lst ve made justin case. You don't need to wory about food though. I've packed enough Sin case ‘provided you lke pasta. That's the easiest thing to sia make. SILVIA. Fine. “if/n case we run out of past, Il take some tins and rice. MARIO Good idea. "Provided you want, bring some cards. We could play at right Ido that when / provided | don’ forget. Text me tomorrow as fang as as soon as you get up. (OK. Remember to buy pepper spray because we might see bears °9(7/ Unless | see a bear, run all the way home! suwia mario suWIA b aM Listen and check, © Match 1-8 with a-h to make sentences. 1 [B] Phone your mum 2 (Ws pertecty safe 3 EJ lke to go fora swim 4 Ui idea for a holiday 5 [1 Take some sun cream 6 [J Mmgoon the excursion 7 B don't go 8 [1 Youcan go any time provided you like somewhere quit. © when you get there unless you do something stunid 4 as long as you do. provided you tll me fs. {incase you need it 8 if you don't want to. hits really warm 4 Peleg SRC ee (te Inia and pats of rca. People til tote” ‘and feed. We can help by protecting Hons’ natural © the Aican savannah and the forests of Gujarat in nc, Meee) EAVOCABULARY Animals and the environment Find eight words about animals that match these clues. 1a set of similar animals or plants 2 a ving thing that isnot a plant 3 the natural surroundings where we lve 4 the place where an animal or plant naturally lives or grows 5 continue to live 6 animals or plants which could disappear without our help 7. uncommon and dificult to find 8 catch and kil animals for food or sport [LEINIVRIOTN JE[N [TJ] ue «[wle[R]H]elelxfujo[olo|x|kle xfolt{sfelr[:{clulcle|rieclele s{alols[nfp[c[c[n|y[PlelelK[m fulnfalelrfels[riifale[niely|a] [elole[mfrtalm[alolrloltir|x|x] ofelx[t[t{s[n[rfole|tlals [az clrfelalrlulelelalxlelalolsic| sfefelri [eic[ falnfele[niale] Flo[K| i [H[elelola[n|t lola ple ulF[clalulele[n|Sleretettiers clela[a[n[Fly[a[t[olfolelaljsir slulv[s[t}o[z{alkfel:[slalalc vizizt [i [eimfPlatalel i [ralr sl«tt{s|xfalz[ol [a [elelwlolx b Complete the text with the words in the box. risk creatures environment habitat hunt shot survive extinct Look at this '___shot-___of a graup of lions. This might be a very rare sight in the future. Lions are beaut such at ® . but they are very in the modern world. The European lon has been ‘or 2,000 years and now lions only °____in »__fong and our damage 1s making iiffcut for lon to find paces tote which §sASE aL ME rere TE CONVERSATION SKILLS Agreeing USEFUL LANGUAGE Giving compliments and Complete the question tags in the conversations with : responding the words in the box. ‘aren't could did don’t haven't nt shall wasn't @ Tick (¥) the best response for the sentences. a 1. You're so good at singing, MIKE tts beaut day a [Z] Do you think so? WEY Is lovely |__tnt’ __ it? Why don't me goto the [What do you tink? beach? Cm ad you te it MIKE Yes, let's do tha we x hairs amazing! wey uld Grive but let's walk, we need the exercise 2 Yate wnoane MIKE we? Il get my things. b Cl tmgad you Bet LEY Last time you forgot your tow ¢ Chiamnse MIKE | didn’t have it with me, sot 3 You really managed to gett just ight aL] Guess its not bad Later That ‘ b Ey Yes, ! managed it Wey That was great i feel really hunary ae . ¢ Ej pidntrr MIKE Me too. This place looks good. 4 The colour i just perfect. WCY Yeah, we've been here before, we? I a C1 Yes, its. does really good pizza b Ey its not bad, 2 MIKE. That's right. Oh | haven't cE] Thats right, st it? | lend me some money, you? 5 Its so tasty WEY. First towel, then your wallet, you never remember a CL] Itsargnt anything b Ey Not ata MIKE. Wel, we'e friends, © we? Lets gs cE] Thats great. inside. 6 That was a lovely present! aL] The same to you b @iM Listen and check. 5 bre toes: ¢ C1 I'maied you tke it. b © Listen and check. PRONUNCIATION Tone in question tags © a © Listen to the intonation in the questions. Is the speaker asking a real question or just checking information? Tick (/) the correct box. | Asking a | Checking af __ question information wreatidea, wasnt i? v itwas You don't know where Oxford Street, do you? That's obvious, sn't i? They just didnt understand, did they? He hasn't finished university yet, has he? Tim noton the team, am 12 They will be able todo it, won’ they? Youve been there before, haven't you? ‘She's forgotten al about it, hasnt she? ‘She's not going to agree, is she?Skills for Writing DEGRA TCU A Ce TEC. Oe ey ee ee ker ee en ee eee i ME READING @ Read the leaflet and underline the best heading for each section 1 Preparation / Getting into the sport / Advantages of orienteering © Orienteering is usually organised in forests. Just do @ b Read the leaflet again. Are the sentences true or false? PS Sear Bernt ontestices website search to find a club near you 26 should do the sam ¢ ® Training / Dangers of forests / Running fast 3. You should buy some running shoes, ‘© You need to be fit to run around forests. If you're lucky. 4 You won't need to buy a map. you might lve near @ forest, but most people will need 5 A fast statis important. to do some running in parks or on roads. 6 You should respect the envi eh ‘* Unless you are very fit already, start with fast walking 7. You only need a compass if you get lst and then build up to running, The main thing is to have fu 5 oe \ 3 Whet you need / Expenses / Shopping for orienteering * You don't need to spend a lot af money on equipment, EAWRITING SKILLS but a good pair af shoes is essential. Organising guidelines in a leaflet + You'l get @ map at the course and you can borrow 8 compass as wel 4 Tick (V) the best introduction to a leaflet about 4 Winl/ Be carefull / On the day collecting mushrooms. z © Set off slowly and save your energy. * Dont damage any plants or trees. You are only there for the day, but the forest is there forever, © You won't get lost provided you use your compass and 90 in a straight line ‘© Enjoy yourself a Cl For centu people have collected mushroo 4, The purpose of th the reasons why mushroom picking is popular and to re practical suggestions to those who want this tradition em like a strange in many countries, You need to be careful pick, but this isa fun way of spending tim Why pick mushrooms? Many people think its better et, but there are buy them from a st advantages of getting them yourself provided that you nt pick the wrong ones 1 one day 1 was at home when my friend phoned and uagasted going out to the forest and picking so rooms. At frst, | thought it was a crazy idea, Dut | went anyway and quite enjoyed it, Here is my advice for people who want to do the same ~ EAWRITING Preparation @ Read the plan for the When? (Autumn, mornings) rest of the leaflet. Then hscst Gonoate pear trad complete the leaflet using these headings and notes. 4 warm clothes Check weather rly pick mushrooms yUNIT 2 Reading and listening extension EE READING @ Read an article about four animals and tick (¥) the things mentioned in the article. 1 Can animal that lives ina dierent place from its 2. [J an animal that is becoming more and more widespr 3. J an animal made famous in films ao in 5 * any countries b Read the article again. Match the animals 1-4 with the descriptions a-d. 2D great wie shark oo © Read the article again. Are the sentences true or false? 1 rs y don't eat humans for food mans trom great white sharks are always 4 The total number of tigers is la dg 5 The Kom i pica forthe grout animias it belongs When hunting the Komodo dragon generally kis the animal it attacks ime the behaviour ofthe funnel-web sf am that of other spiders rom any type of funnel-web spider is equally d Write a paragraph about a special or unusual animal you know something about, or research one on the Internet. Remember to include: a nimal has a special ability that allows it to f : 2 hak alc ko tl «© where its found - its natural environment and habitat Een thee heey F ‘© whether itis rare, at risk endangered or ext b imal may attack humans i they start ving in the angrier eae © any st i uses to find food, to survive orto get an This animal has attacked humans by accide This animal is often involved in attacks on younger peopl i TERRIFYING ANIMALS The animal kingdom is full of frightening creatures — creak ela akon Mba ‘THE GREAT WHITE SHARK Met poole have heard tis an f real ats proba mos 220, en fae ims ofthe 1970s and 1980s. The great wht shark has shave eve seen ne in have fascinated us rags war : ey roar inAsia—they onan k ot Banglaesh sr, aay an South shark does attack a id lo be ade ha Irs believed at st “ ci its thought hat mans playa very large roi in hs ‘THE KOMODO DRAGON The Kodo dragon very large ard —itcan grow as ong as {hres metres and weith up 0704p. gents ik Komodo ragpns ace rete 10 ancient ads fem Ausra, but eye tor ound ony in srs tard in Indonesia. They ae probably rot fous fr hel unusual mead of eling, When hung, they attack but dont he oer anal ret aay. Tiss ‘because they hve a poisonous tes attr tacking the animal ty folow unt es rom the piso, a job mae ase thanks fo thei ‘THE FUNNEL-WEB Many pone raat gh the vat magn are comptes ere ae be of spaces hat can be dangerous, and nel- spiders cet arang Tem. Tis side's natural habitats he a ‘ound he Austaon cy of Syne canbe b cant long ard dx ue bromo black. Uke many oeLISTENING @ © Listen to a news story and tick (¥) the correct answer 1 (2 Awoman will probably recover after spending a week inher car. 2 [2] Awoman is currently in hospital after spending more than two weeks in her ca. 3 [1 Awoman is very il ater spending over a month in her cat. b Listen again and tick (¥) the correct answers. 1 When Lone didn't come back by 9pm, her family aL fet sure that something bad had happened. [Z] were not immediately word [J immediately calle the police. 2 The police knew 23 LJ what time Lone had left work tb El the route she had taken home. ¢ E] where she had been planning to go afer work 3 The police think she turned from the main road [1] because she had had a problem with her car. b [because of the weather: c Ey tohave a break. 4. The police say Lone 2 L] knew she would have to spend aloe time in the car. t> [had turned the car round and driven back towards the main road ¢ C1 wasn't able to move the car because the weather conditions had got worse 5 The police a [have got al the detals from Lone of what happened, > [1 have only ben abie to speak to Lone fora short period of ime ¢ [1 haver't been able to visit the hospital yet. 6 The reason why nobedy had found the car earlier was that @ (J few cars drive in that area at that time of year. Ci there was maintenance work, so no cars could reach the area ¢ C1 the car was totaly covered in snow. 7 The reason Lone survived might be that she had lots of food with her inthe cor. tb Ey] she doesn't normally eat or drink much, soit was easier to adapt © [her body made a change to deal with the situation she was in. © Write a conversation between two people discussing experiences of very bad weather conditions. Use these questions to help you: What kind of weather was t? Was the bad weather expected, or was ita surprise? What kinds of problems di it cause? How did they deal with the problems? OD review and extension EE GRAMMAR Tick (¥) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong sentences. 1 [Its been a great week. On Tuesday, | have met an old friend, Its been a great week. On Tuesday, met an old fiend 2 (1 Inthose days, people spent more time outside. 3 LE] met Maria three years ago, when | had been a student. 4 E) She has been waiting for a chance and finally she got one. 5 [2] Lucy had been seeing Michael for some time 6 [1 Mwatch itin case i's on TV. VOCABULARY Tick (¥) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong, sentences. 1 2] The fish was too stiopery for me to hold and it get away. ‘The ich was too slippery for me to hold and tt got away. 2 [1] Ican never get noid of an electrician when | need one. 3 EJ Im sorry, | got carried away and lost my temper. 4 [] People could do more to protect the enviroment. 5 [J Every year, hundreds of animal races just disappear. 6 1 The Siberian tiger could soon become extinguished. Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box. can't face face a difficult choice face-fel face the fact face the music say it to my face 1 Carmel really wanted the dress, but her face fall_ when she saw how expensive it was. £2 Ihave to Vm not as young as | used to be. £3. John isso hypocritical. If he's unhappy with what I did, he should 4i going to work today. | need a day of. 5 Is i etter to get a job or goto university? Young people —_____ nowadays. 6 My wife willbe really angry, but I'm going to have to tell her the truth andfy MMe Cp er UML EEGRAMMAR Multi-word verbs @ Underline the correct words to complete the text. When I was at school, I didn’t think I was good at anything. The other kids picked things 'out / in / up really quickly but I didn't and everyone looked down on / on down / down me as some kind of loser. The only thing that interested me was cars and I spent ages in the garage with my mum's old car, checking Sit out / out it / out. My mum wasn't “at / by / into cars at all though and she was tired of me going “in with / on about / with them all the time. Anyway, ‘one day there was a school trip. We set “by / off / ‘on by coach and were going down the road when the coach suddenly stopped. I thought we had run out in at / of petrol, but the driver told us there was an ‘engine problem and he would have to call the garage. ‘I went to see for myself and quickly figured “out / by / through what to do: I just needed to put back a cable. ‘After ten minutes, the coach was on the road again. After that, everyone really looked °to me up / up to me / me up to and I realised there was something I could do well, When I left school, I set out / up / by my own car repair business and now I'm doing really well. b @EM Listen and check © Put the words in the correct order to make sentences and questions. 1 all/ but/1/ threw / sorry, /t/ away ‘Sony. but threw all away, 2 let / try / hardest and / your / us / down / don't 3 fallen /not friends / out / Ive / and we're / Tony / with 4 away / you Fike that /can't/ get / mistakes / wth 5 yourself /for /it/ and figure / go / out VOCABULARY Ability and achievement Underline the correct words to complete the conversation, MARIANA Have you heard of this writer Daniel Kalder? LOUIS Yes, read Strange Telescopes some time ago. Isa "talented /briiant book. MARIANA. | agree, Kalder has got this “abilty/ potential to make a serious statement but make you laugh at the same time. LOUIS. It reallyis 2able/ outstanding. | ust wish | had some “ability / talent for writing. MARIANA. Kalder is °successful/ talented because he's spent so many years improving his style. That kind of hard work is successful / exceptional LOUIS. True. | don't think many people have heard of Kalder yet, but he has the “potentia//briliance to be a really well-known writer MARIANA He is very skied / brillant at what he does, so {good luck to him b EM Listen and check © Correct the mistake in each sentence. 1. You need to have a talent tot. Youneed tohaveatalent fori, 2 Olympic athletes are all exceptional for their field. 3 She's quite successful by what she does. 6 just/ why /don't/it/ you / out /try? 7. made / Michelle / up / him /it/ impress / 8 in /you / you're doing / what /to/ believe / need 9 up/ anyone /a better / come / can / with /idea ? 10 picked /difficut,/1 soon /it/ but /is / French / up 4 I became quite skilled for the game 5 The ability of running long distances is important. 6 Lesley is briliant on most ball sports. 7. He has the potential of being world champion one day. 8 Carl Lewis was outstanding forthe long jump.EE GRAMMAR Present perfect simple and continuous @ Underline the correct words to complete the sentences and questions. 1 [ve always loved / / always loved baseball I's my favourite sport. 2. They've won! They won the championship two years ago. What have you thought / did you think ofthe match? 4. The players have just arrived / just arrived so the match can begin. 5. I've been running! | was running in the park when it happened 6 Marina has been doing / was doing yoga since she was teenager ~ 7 have completed / been completing five marathons, 8 A Wnyis your shirt wet? B Ive run! I've been running. college. 10 Our judo trainer has learned! been learning Japanese for ten years. 'b Complete the text with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Samantha Hill_has just broken (just / break] a new world record! Yesterday in Manchester she * {run} 100 metres backwards in 16.5 seconds. Samantha is only 17, but she * (already / beat al the best runners in the world. She (stort) ‘etro-running ~ running backwards - when she was 14 as ‘abit of fun, but soon she ® (win) lots of competitions and now she i the best inthe word. ‘Wie spoke tothe new world-record holder. ‘W's amazing! © {tain} since January for this ond |7__ try] three times to get this world record, but today was the day. don't even have a trainer -1°_ look! for one forthe past few years, but no one {contact me yet, Sorry tim silvery emotional. Excuse me We could see she had been crying. Samantha then ran ‘away ~ forwards ~ with tears running down her cheeks. ¢ @IHB Listen and check. i There are lots of good runners in Kenya 9 Joshua hasn't played / been playing tennis since he was at VOCABULARY Words connected with sport Read the definitions and write the words. 1 the act of winning a competition victory 2 a person who isin charge of a sports game 3. shout approval or encouragement 4 people who watch a sports event 5 bein a competion for your country = 6 an area for playing sports, especialy football b Complete the text with the correct forms of the words in brackets, Everyone thinks that !_profissional_ (profession) sportspeople get paid a ot of money to 2 (competion .but this isnot ctways ue. The op (athletics) in smoler sports tke handball, mountain running and women's cricket don't eam much money. Such sports are very + (competition) ‘and the athletes © (training) hard. but even ifthey®___((epresentation) their country. they cften cant make @ ving from thei spor. Unfortunately, (champion) (recording) very offen don't mean money, especiatt i the sport isn't popular (0nTV.But maybe this doesn't matter the athletes enjoy what they do and spectators are happy fo watch them perform and (Cheerful) forthe. Money isnt everything. after al, ¢ GIB Listen and check. _ EIPRONUNCIATION syllable stress @ © Listen to the conversation and underline the stressed syllables in the highlighted words. ELENA | know you ke “ath, but do you ever take part in “compettons? DIMA _Soretimes— infact going to °EBRRBRIBin the national “CHSBOABHIBS next weekend ELENA So youre almost a “professional athlete then? DIMA Not really its hardly 2 “BRORESSIO, but | doa lot of "nig anc hoping for 3 good "BMS. Therell be a lot of strong !E6MBHEGS and nave j to "BRHGH really wel on the day ELENA. So "i619 might be yours then and well welcome the !WtOH6US champion home? DIMA. Don't augh, | might win!eT aa Who should we invite? HIUSEFUL LANGUAGE Making careful b Correct the mistake in each sentence. suggestions; Keeping to the topic 1 Der york good int of the conversation ne food? Don't you think t's a good idea to take some food? 2 Anyway, as | was speaking, Tessa needs tod a Put the words in the correct order to make sentences and questions. 3 day be dea might be for go going to what | was saying before. could always go swimming another day thing/ price /remember / sth i 3 —— aybe we could to invite Simo 3 stay / maybe /1 home /at think / cae - —_— 6 Ofcourse, we could aways checking onthe interne 4 idea / ak tse — But dont you agree that's be better to ask ist? 5 und / we watch / does / on Sunday /2/ fi i ‘ 8 So, to get back at Martin and his problems 6 to/ that ‘easier / it'd / eat out / agree / be / don't ~ aaa ate EAPRONUNCIATION Consonant sounds Decide which of the underlined letters has a voiced sound and which unvoiced. Write V (voiced) or U ' (unvoiced), gre Yame 0 2 ] peach [] 3 fey Ovy O 4 simple [symbol F) Se Oot O | b @imM Listen and check.Skills for Writing EE READING Look at the bar chart and read the article. Match paragraphs 1-5 with their functions a-e. @ 1) Adds extra information not shown in the data, » Interprets the data in more detail 4 © Outines the issue that the data tres to answer. eC] Explains what the bar chart is about. 1b Look at the bar chart and read the article again. Tick (¥) the correct answers. 1 The chart includes thirteen-year-olds from Scotland. a Zine b LJ talse cL] doesnt say 2 Each category is quite specifi. y aLme — bLItase cL] doesnt say 3 Older teenagers are doing more homework ame —bL]iase cL] doesnt say 4 There is no great change between the figures for spor aCe = b[Jiase —c L doesnt say 5 There ate no major patterns in the data, a Gime = b Lite —c [) doesntsay 6 Face-to-face communication is beter. a Cl tne b Lifalse —c [1 doesnt say 7 The article ends with a reference tothe future aCitwe = bL]fase —c L] doesnt say EAWRITING SKILLS Describing data @ Look at the bar chart below and complete the sentences with the numbers and words in the box. There are two extra ones you do not need. 5 22 34 50 decrease increase least most 1 About___22 ___% of people today get their information from television 2 Infact, nowadays —___ people follow sport on the Internet 3 The —___ popular way of following sport is attending events. 4 There's an obvious There's about a____% drop in watching TV. Only about % of people now read about sport in newspapers. in reading newspapers Fotowing sport it doesn’t really matter what sport people choose ‘States the main conclusion you can draw from the data. ours per week Sport “Homework” TV Aes 11. Schools abig part of teenagers ives, bt there are many viays of spending the rest of ther time. ‘Are teenagers basically the same these days, of are their needs and interests changing? 2. The bar chart looks at ve different activities, quantified in hours per week, which teenagers do outside school. One: point to note is that they are very broad categories sport. for ‘example, could include many activites. 3. Asyou can see, there are big differences in how teenagers spend their time. Sport and homework are comparable, but the other categories have changed considerably. 4 The most noticeable trend is from watching TV to using newer technologies, especialy mobile phones Mobiles were around in 2000, but they were much more primitive — you can watch ‘ims on your phone today. 5 It isimportane to remember that these are not the only ways teenagers spend their time, for example the chart doesn't mention meeting fiends face to face. Things hhave changed a lot over the last 15 years, so itwill be Interesting to see what the future brings WRITING Look at the bar chart in 2a again. Then write an article about how people follow sport today. Use the notes to help you. newspapers — not free, ‘od news, people prefer to read online attending events — difficult, expensive + TV= not'so popular today time may be inconvenient Internet — free instant news all the time + radio — no pictures, best in carUNIT 3 Reading and listening extension EB READING Read an article about one of the greatest runners. of alltime. Tick (¥) the statements that are true 2 Jonnson nad dh 3 F) Johnson loved . 4 Johnson nad Bolt b Read the article again and tick () the correct answers. 1 The fact that Michael Johnson's friends laughed at running style made him want aQitue — b [ false 7 doesn't say It was considered surprising that Johnson wat : win both the 200 and 400 m Ot or i doesnt say hinson was the fist per: " © Write a paragraph about someone who has a lot. Remember tLISTENING @ © Listen to a conversation between two friends about their school days. Match names 1-5 with a-e to make sentences. 1 Qula a. argued with Mark 2 O Marina © believed in Mark 3 [I] MrEdwerds was good at maths 4 CJ Saran was good at spor. 5 [J Mrs Taylor eas good at teaching grammar. 'b Listen again. Look at the opinions. Who has these ‘opinions ~ Tina, Mark, or both? Tick (¥) the correct box. Tina Mark Both Mark and Tina 1 Martina is likely to have a v successtul career now. 2 Julia was very arrogant. 3 Mr Edwards was a very good teacher 4 Sarah dig relationship with anybody at the school 5 Learning French at schoo! wasn't very enjoyable 6 The school trips were not always educational Write a conversation between two people discussing their school days. Person A tells Person B about a subject they were good at. Person 6 tells Person ‘A about a subject they were bad at. Use these questions to help you: ‘© Why was Person A good at their schoo! subject? Nas Person A naturally good atthe school subject, or did helshe have to study hard? ‘+ Why was Person B bad at their school subject? ‘Is Person B good at this school subject now? Review and extension HE GRAMMAR Tick (¥) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong sentences. 1 [The police are trying to check who stole the money. ‘The police are trying to find out who stole the money. 1] He’ too young. He stil growing up. tts werm, put your jumper oft Werte ringing a new secretary atthe moment. what ideas nave you come up with then? 5 sheta was just tol about it and needs time to think 2 Dont worry. | already sent the letter. 8 E] Fmwaiting for you forages! 9 C1] Fm sure youve heard of the Lach Ness Monster. 10 [I don't know. | didnt decide yet. VOCABULARY Tick (¥) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong sentences. 1 [1] What are the secrets of success people? What are the secrets of successful people? 2 11 ts not able to get there by public transport. 3 J No one doubts her capacity to get othe very top. 4 5] ttwas another fantastic performence by the Kenyan. 5) There isa training couse for al new staff tomorrow. 6 [Professional sporti very competitive. 7 ©] What did the spectators think of the film? 8 (And the footballers ae just coming out on tothe cout We came early, bt Greg tumad up late, 2 if you don't know it, look it onine. 3. She thought about it and decided not to bring the matter. 4 1used it all yesterday, so | went and bought some more. 5 We looked atthe bill and added it again. 6 I went running with Sarah, but | couldn't keep with her, 7. | started to leam Spanish and picked it quite quickly. 8 He works so hard and I've always looked fo him.EEGRAMMAR used to and would @ Underline the correct words to complete the sentences. otk a d the Earth NIM Underline the correct words to complete the text. Then listen and check Richard Morgan lives on a boat ona canal in London. His ie would / used to / wos used t be very diferent 3 few months ago. Richard “left / used to leave / woud leave university in 2005 and got a greatob ina law frm. Ie was interesting and well paid, but avery hard job, Richard “wos used to got used to / Used to work I2-I4 hours a day and sometimes he “woul sleep / wos used to sleeping / got used to sleeping atthe office because it was so late, Richard “used to reals / would realise / realized that this kind of life was king him. I Swos used to / wed to / would spending all my time at work. le was normal for me, that was the frightening thing’ Richard says ‘On Sundays, Richard “used to going / got used to go! would go fora walk down the canal and he always enjoyed this, So one day, when he had had enough, he “decided / used to decide / wos used to deciding to change his life completely. He gave up his job, bought a boat and said goodbye to his stressful fe as 3 Jnwyer. ie was a big contrast, | stil haven't “used ta! got used to / been used to the ducks waking me up, but it’ a great life he says. My family and friends were shocked a first, but now they get used to wsiting! ore used to visting / used to Wsting ime on my boat and they know I'm happy’ EAVOCABULARY Cause and result Correct the mistake in each sentence 1 Smoking can lead ina lot of heath problems, ‘Smoking canlead to alot ot health problems, No one knows what the affect was. 3. Shakespeare has had a big influence to the English anguage 4 That’ th use for the problem, Itcould ef less money to spend, 8 Generally, i's had a b Complete the text with the words in the box, affect asaresult cause effe: is caused by lead result influence ‘What makes people unhappy? Some people think that the biggest '__cause is stress, whether from work or the pressures of life. Certainly, lifestyle has a heavy 2 on happiness. For example, a poor diet can }___ your health and #_in sliness and disease, There is also a view that unhappiness 5___toneliness. Friends do have a positive « ‘on people's lives because friends provide support, entertainment and company. It's more ‘complicated with family bocause relationships are often difficult and” can *__ to conflict ‘and stress, This is clearly a difficult question to answer.a We weren’t allowed to talk in class EE GRAMMAR Modality review 1; Obligation and permission @ Complete the conversation with the responses in the box. Thad to catch the 5:30 train. I'm tted during the day No, I can work from home on Saturdays. No, I don't have to unless we have a deadline No | nai to get op at mG tne monn Yes, | can find a seat on the train Yes, the boss lets us have one day at home. You should speak to my boss! JANE. Are you feeling aright? ALEX: No Lhad to get up at 5:00 thie moming, —_ JANE. Why was that? ALEX © JANE. Do you do this every morning? ‘ALEX JANE Is that the same for everyone? ALEX JANE. Are there any advantages of getting to work early? aX JANE And the disadvantages? JANE. Do you need to work late as wel? JANE. You need to ask for a pay rise. ALEX © b Underline the correct words to complete the sentences. 1 It's for gts only, so he can / can't/ has to take part in the competition. 2 You really can/ ought to/ don't have to read this book about Jackie Chan. I's brillant. 3 Louise mustn't/ doesn't have to/ shouldn'ttrain hard because she is very talented, 4 You mustn't/ don’t have to/ are not allowed to get nervous before the race. 5 The competition was supposed / had ought to start at 7.00, but everyone was late. 6 Don't worry, you mustn’t/ shouldn't don't need to train today. 7. My trainer made me run to run / running ten kilometres. 8 During training we're not allowed eat/ to eat eating certain food, 9 Don't let them beat/ fo beat/ beating you in the race! 10 They were let/ allowed to/ forced totrain in the cold and, rain, even though they didr't want to. VOCABULARY Talking about difficulty @ Underline the correct adjectives for the pictures. 2 demanding rigorous testing 1 atn) arduous / strict journey 3 testing / strict discipline 4 a trcky/ 5 tough! 6 atricky. punishing punishing srueling training standards situation schedule 1b Underline the correct words to complete the conversation. KATE Sowhat'it ke to be a frefighter, Wiliam? WILLIAM I's really ‘straightforward! strict/ tough, much harder than | thought. The training is very 2nigorous / ‘awkward {delicate and the instructors really struggle ‘Stretch | demand us KATE Butyouive finished all the training? WILLIAM — Not yet. I's not so ‘strict/ demanding/ straightforward to become a firefighter. First, there's this arduous / straightforward | delicate training schedule and then @ Sgrueling/ tricky! punishing written testo do at the end. KATE Wel, you do like a struggle / punishment / challenge! It'sounds tke a very rigorous / demanding tricky job. ¢ @MEB Listen and check. PRONUNCIATION Sound and spelling: u a @IB Listen to the words in the box. How is the underlined letter u pronounced in each word? Complete the table with the words ‘umbrella pullover useless sugar supper attitude result infyential_enthusiasm Sound 1// | Sound 2 Sound 3 uo uit (eg.c —__|(eg.cooW) (eg. fad or cube) umbrellaara aia SUP La Om MCS MUN AIC EEN CONVERSATION SKILLS Expressing careful disagreement @ Complete the table with the phrases. Font agree with you Really, did you think so? That's just not true Oh, | don’t know. Maybe you're right, but You can’t really believe that | know what you mean, but on the other hand No way! \'m not sure about that 1m afraid you're wrong there Careful disagreement Direct disagreement | don't agree with you, b Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box. T know what you mean, but on the other hand techinology isso central Realy, do you think 30? Wm not sure about that. They work very hard i (Ont donno Some things re meron Maybe you'e right, but teachers are not the real problem. MARK Education is getting worse and worse in tis county. uy "Oh ider'cknow Some things are improving, MARK Like what? Teachers don't know what they are doing, uy 2@__ MARK Yes, but they need more training, uty = MARK. True ~ kids just don't want to study. SS MARK do. They spend far too much time messing about an computers. uty MARK Hang on, someone's texting me ¢ GB Listen and check. PRONUNCIATION Contrastive stress @ @EB Listen to the exchanges. Underline the word in each response with the strongest stress. 1 A Itwas an absolutely terrible hotel! | never want to go there again, 8 Oh, | don't know. It wasn't that bad. 2 A [really didn't lke that film. It was so boring! B Oh, I don't know. it wasn't that borin. 3 A ‘loved that restaurant. The menu was really original 8 Oh, | don't know. It wasn't that original 4A Have you seen that new shop? I looks great! 8 Oh, | don't know. it doesn't look that great 5 A thought the meeting today was far too long B Oh, don't know. it wasn't that long,AY CCS Clan tcl DCL en Te ara Ly Pe Sn eee tee set beeen Volunteer to work as a forest ranger in ill carry out work around th Je help 1 the general pub What we offer you © taining and educatic * the opportunity to learn new sl ‘QUALIFICATIONS. You care about the environment and you a ‘You have a basic knowledge of a subject 10 have good otal and written communicati IE READING Read the job advertisement and Carla's email. Then complete the summary with the words in the box. “Tluently forests outside people renger reliable strong student parla wants to apply for a job as a !__ranger and speaks English >__ loves spending time ¢ ne ‘other interesting places. She likes to work with : and describes herself as 7___. Carla sounds lke @ candidate b Read the advertisement and the email again. Are the sentences true or false? There are several places to work 2 You don't need to find somewhere to lve 3 Carla has only been to the UK once. 4. She has finished her studies. 5 Carla thinks that the world will not survive without forest. 6 She has some practical experience. Carla is worried about the responsibilty B In the future she wants to be a rang WRITING SKILLS Giving a positive impression @ Complete the sentences. Write one word in each gap. 1. | would ike to apply to be a volunteer in the Winter Olympics. 2 | have always been interested sport 3. | would be more than happy to up my free time. 4 laminan excellent help athletes and 51 6 lam looking. believe that sport brings people together. 0 hearing from you. Dear Sir’Madam, | saw the advertisement for volunteers to work as forest rangers and | would lie to apply lam a student of environmental science in Milan and t have ‘travelled to the UK many times, 20 my language skis are very ‘strong. am als atiendly and sociable person who enjoys working with people. ‘As a student, | am in an excellent position to explain the beauty (ofthe forest to visitors and protect the forest from damage | strongly belove that forests are essential for the wore to surwe and is the work of rangers to make people avare of ths. In our studies we have field trips to forests to study their natural ‘beauty | also spend a lt of my free time outdoors exploring, 7 | sure this knowledge and enthusiasm woul help me inthis postin. {1am confident that | can be an Important part of your team. tam retable and hardworking, $0 this challenge Is ideal for me. When "finish university, | would ke to work in this field, so this is a wonderul opportunity | am looking forward to hearing trom you ‘Yours faith, Carla Rossii WRITING @ Read the advertisement and the plan. Then write an application email ‘Do you want to be part of an international team ‘and support the world's greatest sporting event? Become a volunteer in the Winter Olympics! Responsibilities ‘There are o range of opportunities depending on your experience and sls, for example, preparing food for cihetes, helping in the medical centre ond interpreting ‘What we offer you * free accormedation Ke Save to tavourtes Plan Paragraph 1:reason for writing Paragraph 2: your background (work / education), your communication skils aragraph 2: your experience, personality and other ski, how these make you a good candidate Faraaraph 4 why you want to bea volunteer. your interest Inport / the Olymples Paragraph 5: closing sentence4 UNIT 4 Reading and listening extension Train journeys and unwritten rules Iwote by Pat ysteray 7:4 Wel, ve just arrived home furious! Why? Something quite sly realy, but very annoying. As most of you reading probably know, | commute to work every day by train. Today | was standing with afew other people by the train doors asthe train pulled into the station, ready to get off. Now, what's supposed to happen is that people get ofthe tran fist, and then the people who are on the lation get on. t works better that way I's the logical way to Go tBu today, a8 300n as the doors opened, everyone on the platiorm started to get on and we Rad to kindof ight ou way off There was no advantage forthe people on the platform to get on the train first ~ they stil had to wait for everyone else to get off and itust created confusion, although | suppose they were worried about finding a seat on the train. While it was all happening, | got angry and ended up having an argument with someone getting on. ‘Anyway, it got me thinking. There's no rule anywhere that says that the people on the platform are supposed to wait and let the People on the train get off frst. That's just what people do. It's an Unwritten rule. So, what other unwritten rules can you think of? Do Yyou ever see people breaking them? And if so, what do you do? Read the blog post and comments. Tick (/) the things which are not mentioned by the writer or in the comments, 1 Behaviour on pub transport 2 [Waiting in queues 3 (2) Doing something to be polite 4) Regettng doing something rude 5 ( Paying extra for something bb Read the blog and comments again. Write the names of the people. 1 Which person mentions something they do that is pointess? 2 Which person compares a ast and present stuation? = 3. Which person cannot understand a particular behaviour of cther people? = __ 4 Which person describes a pote frm of behaviour that may have a negative result? Which person suagests they may understand why tude behaviour took place? ‘Sam: yesterday at 7:43 pm Exactly the same problem on the bus recently. Everyone tries to get on without letting anyone off first It doesnt make sense - what's the hutry? Irene: yesterday at 11:11 pm ‘Another unwritten rule? Waiting in a queue! There are some places, lke clothes stores, where there are actually barriers that make you queue, but generally we just do it without thinking. And if someone jumps the ‘queue? Generally | say nothing — at most I tend to give them a dirty look, but that’s a waste of time because they/re already in front of me in the queue and can't see my face! Sara: today at 9:11 am | suppose politely holding a door open for someone 's another unwritten rule. Its funny because | think sometimes it would be easier for everyone not to ~ if the other person isn't directly behind you, you have to walt for them, and also they have to hurry so you're not waiting too long! But | always do it. If someone doesn't hold the door open for me, then | think they’te rude. Malc: today at 11:15 am ‘There’ a rule that used to be unwritten but now its actually written most of the time tipping in a restaurant. In the past, you'd leave money if you thoughe the waiter ‘or waitress was really good or you had a great time. Now Unfortunately, most ofthe time they automatically add 10% or 15% to the bill and you have to tell them if you (1 she's found a new job since she finished her university course c 1 She thinks its going tobe hard to find a job even though she now has @ university degree. © Write about an event that has had a big influence on your life. Use these questions to help you: © What was the event? ny was it important for you? ‘© What was your lf like before the ‘© How did your ife change afte the event? EE GRAMMAR Tick (V) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong, sentences. 1 C1 Myerandad use to work in 8 factory neat Manchester My grandad used to workin a factory near Manchester. | would preter to see my own doctor Ey she used to ving by herstf now. This can be the last time we come here | hope we could do this again some time. Bi ityou want to apply, you should fil inthis form. EA VOCABULARY Tick (¥) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong sentences. 1 C7 Sunday is better cause I'm fee Sunday is better because Im free then 2 (C1 I'm worried that t might effect my heath 3 Di Itcan tead to all sont of problems. 4D My first teacher was very strc. 5 6 Dy She et because she fe she needed a new challenge Gy Prisons ae basicaly for punish eximinals Underline the correct words to complete the sentences, 1. The rules ofthe game are as follows / a whole fist there must be atleast five players. 2 It looks as a matter of fact/ifwe were all wrong, 3. There's lotto do there as far as /for entertainment is concerned. 4 The competion was good for the county as a whole/ follows - everyone benetited. 5. She's still on holiday as far as I'm concemed /? know. 6 The tickets are too expensive and as far as ’m concerned / 1 know, they're a waste of money. 7. More people live in the UK than in Spain. As a whole 4 matter of fact, the population is 63 milion. 8 Alice is lovely, but as for/ if her husband ~ wel, e's rather strange. BAA AOU aa aNy ‘Look again at Review your progress on p.54 of the Students ‘Book. How well can you do these things now? : Beverywell 2=well 1 =notsowellEE GRAMMAR Future probability Underline the correct words to complete the conversation. KATY Have you read this article, Josh? It says there's a good ‘chance doubt ‘our generation wil lve to be 150 7) years le! ’ JOSH Who knows, what it says ?may/ will « be true. But what evidence is there? KATY Advances in medicine ‘might/ wil certainly be a factor, and people ‘wont/ couldn die from all sorts of diseases common today. Also, technology Swi! probably probably wil make everyday Ie easier. JOSH. Fine, but | ®don' suppase / doubt it many people will want to live that long. i's unfikely/ sure that tl be ‘much fun to be 150. KATY The article says that we ®may/ will well be able to ‘work until that age. There's a good chance °of/ that machines !wil/ wor't do ll the hard work, lke washing and cleaning, so that we do easier tasks like making phone cals. JOSH Interesting. 'm "probable sure there! even be a special Olympics for people over 100! KATY Yes t's bound !to happen | happen, so start training! b QM Listen and check © Tick (V) the correct words to complete the sentences. 1 Paluton well be even worse inthe future if we don't start taking responsibility frit a WZ coua » wil ¢ Cistat 2 im sure that it happen in our Kfetime. a CL) maynot b CO migntnt ¢ D) wont 3 Online education become more popula, but I out a Cmght =» Dwi ¢ Clean 4 The question is we find areal solution to our energy problems? a DC my b OD might ec Owl 5 Cinemas. gp out of business inthe next ten years 2 CJ probably witb [wil probably ¢ Ci wont probably 6 ts unikely__ computers wil eplae teaches. 2 Ctr °Oit © Cl that 7 There's no that they wil stop printing books. a D iikely b C1] probability [] chance 8 Icantt that one day we wil be able to choose the sex of our babies. 2 Climagine —b Cl suppose C1 guess 9 Amanda s sure do wellin her exams next week aOw ® Li that e Clot 10. Things at work are havea new manager 2 C1 pssibe to get better soon now we b Ebound ec C1 probatie 28 & VOCABULARY Adjectives describing attitude @ Complete the words. 1 Howrea! ist i cis itthat well Ive to 150 years old? | mean wil it actually happen? 2. Sams always late handing in work. He's completely urbe 3 Itwas at felt sorry he'd said it. 4 Victoria is really a_v____t__s. She ust went on a trekking holiday in the Ecuadorian rainforest 5 Wendy is quite s__p ______c, so.you can tell her al your problems and she'l listen to you 6 You can tell he's w__!-0_____s_d by looking at how tidy his desk is. ‘s comment and he immediately b Complete the sentences with the words in the box. ‘There are four extra words you do not need. ‘adventurous ambitious cautious critical disorganised irresponsible reliable thoughtful uncompetitive unrealistic unsympathetic 1 When he gets very thoughtful ike this, it’ like he's in @ world of his own. 2 I've never known anyone so ; you can never ‘count on him. 3 Its dangerous out there; | guess it's better to be and play safe. Even if the place is a bit we stil know where ‘everything is. 5 Imay be. ‘compared to everyone else, but | get there in the end 6 That was a really trip —you won't believe al the incredible things that happened 7. The new waiter is obviously quite __. ‘seen anyone work as hard as him. PRONUNCIATION /0/ and /0/ a How are the underlined letters th pronounced in each word in the box? Complete the table with the words. Ive never ‘athletic breath breathing clothes Earth either leather length month the think though b GM Listen and check.HEGRAMMAR Future perfect and future continuous @ Underline the correct words to complete the sentences. 1. Passengers, we will soon be arriving / have arrived at the base, 2 You can still help becouse they won't have finished / be finishing yet. 3. Will polar bears stil be fiving / have lived in the Arctic in 50 years from now? 4 Weill be feeding / have fed the penguins at 2:30, so make sure you see that 5 The team will have completed / be com their project by 6 What wll we be achieving / have achieved after we've spent allthis maney on research? 7. Ion’ think we'll have driven / be driving cars in 20 years’ time: 8 Fleur will be learning/ have learned a lt by the time she leaves Antarctica 9 This time tomorrow, I'l be getting / have got ready togo. 10 Fleur willbe glad to get back because she won't be seeing ! have seen her friends for ages. b Complete the text with the future continuous (or future perfect forms of the verbs in the box. change complain not cook create destroy rot eat not fall go nottive replace study transport tur walk Lets travel tothe year 2049! We !wonltbellidng. on Earth because pollution and wars @___ the ld planet. Instead, planet Zeus will be our home. Giant space ships» ‘everyone and everything from Earth betore it exploded in 2045. Zeus won't be @ bad place to live and some things will go on as ‘normal. Adults to work every morning. Children 2 at school and old people &__" about almost everything. Many things wil be different, though. Because ofthe different atmosphere, our hai” ‘green —at least it out and we ® about in space sults. Special tablets ' food and drink, so we atall out at restaurants. Yes, Ife uite alot Welcome to 2049, and the future we ¢ @IEB Listen and check. 3} MMe Tea COM Uy eee TTL Lect VOCABULARY The natural world @ Match 1-8 with a-h to make sentences. 1 [FJ Big companies don't seem to worry enough about the ecological 2 C1 There was a spel of rough 3 There ate people who thnk that climate 4] We make an effort to be environmentally 6 8 [L]Just look atthe river to see the eect of global Protect the Earth's We dont realise that we lve in a frag i t'm not sure that solar 2. atmosphere by reducing greenhouse gases. change is some kind of myth. energy can fufl al our needs. 4. environment and everything i inter-connected e fiend, but i's nat alays practical f impact of what they do. warming on water levels fh weather and we couldn't go out much, b Complete the words. 3 Obviously, ea energy is a cleaner po alternative than oi and gas. 1 Globel warming 2 Cites are trying is changing animals’ to be m natural habitats. environmentally 4 Tourism can 5 The Earth's 6 We can reduce our damage the deser's © a_i carbon f fragle e. being damaged by by taking fewer pollution. flights. 7 would be crazy 8 Recent winters have 9 Just stop and think togpouttoseain been colder as a about the ecological this result of i____a@ weather. c____—change. how we lve.Everyday English VOU ae acu ME USEFUL LANGUAGE Discussing CONVERSATION SKILLS advantages and disadvantages Responding to an idea Underline the correct prepositions to complete the a Complete the conversation with the responses in text the box MAGDA You know, Im seriously thinking lat of on aking ae = eRe Thats 9 aeat idea! You havent made one for ages Tuk, teas Gc al ting abe / wth rt That's a possibly, although we might have o invite them Se ee es baccah’a wines infor a coffee or something Mm, I don’t know about that. I'm not so keen on spicy food. That's not a bad idea. They'd need to drive there, though. MAGOA Tuo, but the tr s. A big disadvantage pressure and sie by Ire Doatton te been offered is that Tove 100 Yes, that makes sense. | need the exercise! meh {es arden suppose Where shat-we po? ROMAN. Come on, one ofthe best things Fabout/ with/ of That might be worth 2 try and it's not far. 31's how you respond to challenge : = ae MAGDA | suppose 50. Another problem ®at/ from! with A How about eating out tvight for a chant this job offer is that I'l need to improve my Fren 8 irs.anidealsuppase, Where shalwa gg? ___ een is Ah There's anew Thai place which has just opened ROMAN No need to worry “for/ at/ about that either. The * = he language quickly os MAGDA You have ana yt A Leena ROMAN The only drawback of/ by | can s00 is f _— the size of the company. Do you really want to work 2 in a company that big? 8 —_—_——_— aaced te Reyne wus iene 1 The ey cou eo 2 eee ay | b EB Listen and check. 1 Samra —<—<——————— {A Solve got an excuse to make one of your favourite lemon b GIBB Listen and check PRONUNCIATION Tone groups a ©IM Listen and underline the words which are stressed in the sentences. 1 The trouble is it could take a long time to get the money. 2 The good thing about itis we're ot far away from the problem is people are starting to talk a dvantage isthe price isn't very high 5 The drawback is no one really knows what's going to happen. 6 The advantage is we can see a lot more of each other 7 The trouble is I'm not sure I've got ime to help him A definite disadvantage is it means sellingRYT any antes ACR e ua ems Utd n others, eth’ re ar situation READING @ Read the essay and complete the summary With the words in the box “against conclusion crisis essey owth manage cone people point that our pi eribution of for |__ discusses whether populatior oblem. It considers arguments fist and then hat there wortt be any the idea and comes tothe * at. b Read the essay again. Are the sentences true or false? 1 Population grow 2 Food prices ae 3. The shortage of waters causing climate change. EAwritine 4 ysof tu to drinking wote shan @ Write an essay for and against the topic population will eventually stop growing ‘Richer countries should give aid to developing countries’ EAWRITING SKILLS Reporting opinions Use the following structure | 2 Are the arguments fr or against giving aid to developing countries? foton- sate he pote | Tick () the correct box * deplets aga gra od GEIS) + orciscon- cern te rain ports | ras a ae 7 and pe yur op | 2 @ moral esponsibilily to help peo aid makes dew wuntries dependent. 5 We have problems to wory about in our own country. 6 Developing countries could become impo markets or partners. twill mean fewer problems with legal immigration here are always rich and poor countries — that's just how things areUNIT 5 HB READING @ Read an article about optimistic people. Tick (/) the correct summary of the author's ideas. Ott usually i eto be an imist it you are not be optimistic they hoose to do the right things 3. [1] Highty optimistic f b Read the article again. Match topics a-e with paragraphs 1-5. sesing the right things to think who you're with © Read the article again. Are the sentences true or false? 1 Optimists alter and more Optimist n the happiness that an bring. something enough, you'l definitely The writer says that writing a diary lp you understand your negative | 6 The article says that optimistic people are lucky because they are naturally Write a paragraph about staying positive. Remember to include: at you d ss posite 1 want to improve Reading and listening extension “Five SECRETS OF HIGHLY OPTIMISTIC PEOPLE Everyone wants to be an optimist, but its not always easy = mos! of us have to try hard fo stay positive when ie is {getting us down. t's worth the effort, hough, since optimists ‘enjoy better health and even do better in their careers. Here ‘aro five things that optimists do that will help you look on the bright side, even when you're stuck in a traffic jam or forced to work on a Sunday. The secret fo optimism is that t doesn't just happen - highiy ‘optimistic peopie work hard to stay postive. you want to do ‘well in your career, Improve your relationships and enjoy your We, i's time to give optimism a try. 11 OBtirists © passionate abou! thel work. Do you need fo force yoursat to go fo work each morning? Optimists don't, because they jump out of bed excited fo face the day This is because optimists have chosen jobs and ‘careers which they genuinely feel passionate about. f you cant remember the last ime you enjoyed a day ot work. it may be time to start looking for a new job. For optimists. ‘works more than just an opportuni to eam money. ts {iso on opportunity 10 learn, grow ond do what they love. Cptimists focus on good things. even though ifs not the 2 cosies! hing to do. According fo Forida State University protessor Roy F Baumelstor’s article, Bod ls Stronger Thon | Good .'s much easier to focus on the rainy days than the sunny anes. In the paper. Baumeister says people ‘ore generally more upset about losing $50 than they cre happy fo gain $60. When you stat to feel bodtempered ‘oF depressed, think about something good from your day to balance out the negative emotions, Optimists make o choice fo focus on the good in thet lia instead of thinking ‘about the bas. Optimists are more ikely fo be adventurous and & cmotious. Believe in your dreams - and if you hove big creams, you might achieve better results. n 1997, researcher Gary McPherson studied child musicians. their gools ond what happened fo them later in lie. He found that the child musicians who imagined themselves playing their instrument forever were more Bkely to become protessional musicians in the future.So. while bef on its own isnt enough for success. litte dreaming certainly won't hurt Optimists keep o diary As we've mentioned.i's very easy 4 of0cus on the negative events in our lies ond ignore the postves. Keeping 6 dary con help you release negative ‘energy and focus on positive emotions. During a few quiet ‘moments in yout morning or before bed. write ist of the postive moments om your doy, Or things youre trying to ‘achieve in the future Optimists suround themselves with good feesngs if you surround yourset vith supportive people and things you enjoy. oul mptove yout mood and your doy. The next time you lose concentation and start looking at videos Cf cats and dogs on the Intemet, don’ fee! so bod about the time you wasted. Research has shown that spenaing few moments doing something you enjoy will actually ‘make you more productive,e& Review and extension LISTENING GRAMMAR a ©EM Listen to a conversation between two friends, Tick (7) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong Andrew and Fran. Tick (V) the things they talk about. sentences. 1 [Ja new supermarket 1] Please wrte as soon as possibe to me 2 C packaging Flease write tome a6 s00n as posstbe 3 Dlartrave 2 C1 She probably has been wating fortis news 08 week 3 C1 Your tip to Antarctica won't certainly disappoint you B Listen again and tick (/) the corect answers 4 [tts not tikely that she wil persuade her parents What is unusual about the supermarket Fran mentions? 5] What wit we doing this time tomorrow? 2 [1 Ithas very low prices compared to other 6 [2] We hope that the problem will have been solved. supermarkets sais citferent kinds of things from most other VOCABULARY supermarkets ¢ [Z] The way sels things is ditfer supermarkets. ators Or Tick (V) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong sentences My wou Aron wt sea supemariet ke? T) ead onions espe ic aL He thinks it would be too time-consuming to shop nen enema there. ee Vatways thought Tom was relyable until this latest incident. | prefer to talk to Ann because she is more sympathetic. Bo ityour desks ahnays ty, youre probably organised wel b [1] He doesn't want to have to use his car to get ther. ¢ [2] He thinks it’s safer if products in the supermarket use ome eee & Potution has ed to the climate change in many areas. What problem does Fran not mention re 5) Most things we do leave some kind of carbon footprint packaging? 2 LJ The pollution it causes when itis manufactured Ly The risk it causes to animals if they eat it cL The fact that itis often not dealt with propery after it : z : e e has been used. Complete the sentences with the expressions in the 4. What does Fran say about the idea of never using a car? box. 2 Li Its probably impossible hee b Li tts dificult, but not impossible both sides. from side to side nice side ‘dot side-by-side to one side i Most people wouldn't agree Which of the folowing s ements is true about Andrew? idnt know about the postive environmental impact of vegetarianism, 1. Developed countries need to work sideby side to help the developing parts of the world 2 Lisa seems a bit cold sometimes, but she definitely has J He doesnt aaree with people not eating meat. we 7 He's going to ty to reduce the amount of meat he eats. = 3 inthis essay, you need to present _of the 6 Which ofthe following statements best summarises Fran's argument. views onthe environment? 4 was so scared ~ the boat was rocking —___ in 2 C1 We need to discuss what we can do to help the the high winds __erwironment mare often, 5 The teacher took the child and told her not [1 People in general aren't doing enough to help the to doit again, environment ¢ [1] People will probably start changing their behaviour wen they realise how serious the situation is. Bye ea uss 7, How hopeful i Fran about the chances of new technology ving environmental problems? Look again at Review your progress on 66 of the Student's a (1 very hopeful ‘Book: How weil can you do these things now? bE] generally hopeful Bevery well 2=well 1» notsowell ¢ FJ not very hopeful © Write an email to 2 newspaper about a global problem that you are worried about. For example, ‘Pollution is a ‘major problem all over the world’. Remember to include: © a short description ofthe problem why the problem worries you write an argument for and against an idea. oe a possible solution to the problem Ee ee ee why the problem might be difficult to solve.GRAMMAR Gerunds and infinitives a Underline the correct words to complete the conversation HELEN Hi, Max, gad 't y's your summer? MAX. Boring! I'm looking forward to “go t college. °7o sit/ Sitting in fron day is not my idea of a ho HELEN Why con't you go somewhere break? | think its really important Sto get away from everything once in a while MAX “To travel/ Trav of time, | remember to visit/ visiting Paris last spring. | tried to see seeing the Mona Lisa in the Louvre, but there rmany people | couldn't even get was just as well as I'd fo a camera, Anyway, I'm no walking! to ound in crowds of toursts. HELEN Sorry "hearing to hearthat - but look, stop #to be. being so negative. You obviously ike art, that's why you were in the Louvre, so why not do something Connected with that? I can see you !doing/ to do thing creati MAX ve tried * painting? to paint and | wasn't too bad ati ‘There you are, you may go on "being to be in the Louvre yourselt om Listen and check. 6 Complete the text with infinitive or gerund forms of the verbs in the box. listen visit Ke have ton ‘admire continue cut stop think - pe (guidebook. Remember here. Yo felome to Nagar Falls This is your personal au 7 up quite high because i’ prety no nthe Falls m — the view, press the ed but j totum the vol hear the wate Ht you we | guide and then the blue button and go on ies amazing that the Falls have been here fr 10,000 yeas Bascal ce the Nigar powerful enough |e arhuge pece out ofthe rock. More about this ater. Back to | today, millions of tours se many vistors i ge eat, but all the activity causes lt of the Falls as much as possible. So damage, so we are tying d @EB Listen and check. 34 yy I'm not going to try to see everything EAVOCABULARY Travel and tourism ‘a Read the definitions, Reorder the letters to make travel and tourism adjectives. emboeamr| —memorable 1 not easily forgotten odd and strange something you admire vimers — extremely attractive unsgntni — the only ane of its kind euginu ———__— 6 very high quality Drup — 7 really surprising naisostinng = 8 very noticeable armbakeer| — b Complete the text with the words in the box. There are two extra words you do not need Tobby outskirts setting trails venue constructions features studio terminal terrace “The Grovepark Hotel is located ina perfect |___setting _ fon the © of Casterbridge just half an hour away from the city centre and minutes from the * geingup inc the Wessels ks an ea conference ‘with a numberof delegates wl apreite Whether you're outside relaxing on he admiring the views over your coffee, or inside ‘ar, you'l feel completely at home. \__ apartment so that it inthe”, In fact, why not book a really isa home from home? ¢ GIB Listen and check. PRONUNCIATION Consonant groups Look at the underlined syllables and decide if they contain 0, 1 or 2 consonant sounds. Tick (¥) the correct box. had some superb meas in an excellent local restaurant. ue Most ofthe paintings come from private collections. My holiday in Rome was quite an experience @ The hal music festa jn ofthe trip was probably the Crete isthe largest island in Greece {The train terminal is a short walk from the b @EM Listen and check.About half the world’s languages will HIRST] g EE GRAMMAR The passive VOCABULARY Describing change @ Underline the correct words to complete the text. Underline the correct words to complete the sentences. ‘Speak any language in 30 days! That's right, with our new computer course, any language can ‘be learnt /have been leat effortlessly. This is made possible with /by an amazing piece of software which today *has been used /is being used by thousands of people studying 25 different languages in the comfort oftheir own homes. It’ so simple. Al the work is done /is being done online and the course || 1 Membership 2 The dodo 3 Asyoucan is complete. No expensive extras have "to be bought / been bought. But numbers began deteriorated/ see, eventually don't listen tous listen to our customers: to dectine / died out due viewing figures “1am promoted /was promoted back in January, but | needed to disappearlater to human decreased improve my English. This course “has been recommended /had been in the year. interference, Increased. recommended to me by a colleague, so I bought it and the results were ‘amazing! Now |®am considered / am being considered for an overseas post and''m hoping my salary °wil be increased / was increased. (Jackie Lee, 32) ve been given /am given a completely new direction in life by this course, Now I can communicate with people all ver the world. m so glad |'"was persuaded / am persuaded to sign up.’ (Mabel Smith, 89) a > eal 4 Happily sales are 5 My relationship 6 The ship What ae you waiting fo? Send us an email and you "are contacted / starting to decline with my boss died out J) wit be contacted by our customer care team in 24 hours, reviveafiera began to disappeared at Goodbye! Adios! Pokal Ciao! disappointing stat. deteriorate / sea and was not preserve. seen again, 'b Complete the conversation with the noun form of the words in brackets. ‘A. Professor, why isit important to keep languages alive? B Because the '__eurvival (survive) of languages means the (preserve) of cutures, too. ss = [A Are there many languages being ost? B Youcan see the ?______ (disappear) of smaller b © Listen and check sa languages all the time. ‘A Can you give any examples? © Complete the sentences with the correct passive form Belorussian, the language in Belarus, hasn't died out, but of the verbs in brackets, itis in deciine and future *___ (generate) might 1 Engish _iespaken — (speak) all ound the world rot speak a al nowadays. ‘A What about the opposte? 2 The ancient manuscript _____ (write) many years B There has been a°_____ (revive) in the Celtic ago in an unknown dialect. language of Comish 3 Many foreign words (ad) to English over AA Butwhat causes language ©____ (ose)? the centuries. B Basia,” (compete) with bgger languages. 4 And that was the last word to__ (speak) in The increase in English as a major international language is the language of Bo 1a massive factor. The effect gnes beyond just language, 5 Allthe smaller languages __ (lose) one day, ‘A What do you mean? which is a great shame. B. Wel, globalisation can also mean a 6 There are free online courses, but people (deteriorate in local customs. (encourage) to take them? [A That sounds depressingy true. 7. new online dictionary of medical terms (made) for doctors at the moment. ¢ @RM Listen and check. 8 The language —_____ (not / hear) on the island for years before ts revival Began, 9 The pronunciation of any language —__ (make) ‘out ofa fixed number of possible sounds. 10 There is no doubt that grammar should (teach) to children in schools today.TRUS RC OCU CSC aulag II USEFUL LANGUAGE Introducing requests; Showing you are grateful a Complete the exchanges with the sentences in the box, (Do you mind if | ask you to get my coat? Great! | don’t know how to thank you. Hi, Rosie, There's an idea I'd like to run past you. | was wondering if you wouldn't mind helping me with something? Hope yee-don't mind-my-asking-butareyeurarond soswetkend? V'm really sory to ask you this, but could you give me a litt home? 1 A Lhope you don't mind my asking butane you around thisweekend? ___ = Yes, | am, Do you need a favour? No, not at all. What is it? Oh, don't worry about it No problem, wi Sure, let's go @IM Listen and check. | Complete the conversation. Wie one word in each gap MARION Good to see you, Derek! Do you mind __if ask you something? DEREK No at al. G — ahead. MARION | hope you don't mind my 4 DEREK It sounds good and I'm happy to &__ Just tell me wat kind of thing you're looking a MARION Super, | really’ it DEREK I'sno$____atall. d © Listen and check 36 EAPRONUNCIATION Consonant sounds ©M Listen and circle the correct consonant sound for the underlined letters. fe people watch as much television as they an of children’s books Nt Is) o our fragile causes IS! /z fregiie 1S though 0 5 The report 's withthe main char in prison venture /@ fz) son is! ies If 7 There was a onfusion and embarrassment when | put the que confusion /s/ /z/ iff 3) 1 embarrassment /S/ /z/ If! /3/ 8 preciate how urgent this matter has become. jate 1 fs) Iz I! I pleasure is! l2/ if! (3) Ids/ 10 nally, | have 2 Jonally IS! /2 dessert Is! fay If m after dinner as a treatRYU nd Sees OC MECUE rly interesting one of the be 6 Vegas is the last stage of theie journey b Read the blog again and find five adjectives which mean very good or very surprising. azing 3 4 5 EAWRITING SKILLS Using descriptive language @ Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1 through / absolutely / the journey on / quiet trails the dark as / unforgettable quiet trails through the dark f absolutely /high mountains in 3 absc find it/ easy to / get to / cheap and, nind-b its 4 original / wooden houses /old town is / fabulous, /t absolutely / especialy the 5 this world / abs recognisable because i's / the Mahal /'s instantly / out of 6 int cottage / awesome day wit some iendly vilage Nothing beats Las Vegas | wrote ‘the madness of Vegas’ in my last entry, but that wasn't strong enough to describe what we found in this crazy town. We came trom Lake Mead by bus, the most economical way of getting there. That was ‘an experience in itself, as there were some amazing characters on boar. When you frst come to Vegas, the sight of all those lights, massive hotels and leisure complexes is absolutaly awe-inspiring. We were staying in quite an ‘ordinary hotel by Vegas standards, butt was huge | even got lot inthe lobby! ‘There's so much to do in Vegas: the entertainment 's absolutely fabulous. We went to an aquarium, @ ‘StarTrek museum and a magic show, which was just ‘mind-blowing ~| think I'm starting to believe in magic ow after seeing al those unbebevable ticks they do. That was Vegas and it was really the experience ofa lifetime. Our next stop is going to be somewhere alot ‘Quieter ~ that won't be dificult after Vegas. EA WRITING @ Write a travel blog about a place you've been to (different from the one you wrote in Exercise 4 on p.77 of the Student's Book). Use the notes to help you, where you went (what Kind of place is it? how did you get there’? where. did you stay) + what you did Gightseeing, ent meeting people, food) tertainment, what you saw (interesting features) what it was like (the good and bad points would you recommend it?)UNIT 6 Reading and listening extension 3. Which ofthe following things do we lean when Jonathar READING Swit 's mentioned? aL That he cre Engish language 3d a national institution to protect the Read the article and tick (V) the correct summary. 1 [1 Although many people think language change i bad, b [1 That, unike in France and italy, there was no sinc norma tional insttution to protect the English langue C1 Lange change i erally negative and we should 4. What positive aspect of language change does the writer do our best to stop it tion? 31] We con't know why language change happens, but tis 1) it alowsspeekers to adapt to changing stu extremely common, ® El Ithelps make positive changes in society 5 What does writer suggest inthe final sentence’ 1b Read the article again and tick (/) the corect answers. a Whe Gatook : ; a [1] Some people wil always dsike how Enals cs the ry abo langage in dhe or Some b [1 Language change in English will make speakers of 3 [] Some people learn to speak better than other people, = Eredoh ® [Zl There isa tof variation, fr many diferent reasons, 2 ints the writer making when mentioning Write a paragraph about some ways your language, or a andparens? language you know well varies. Remember to include Ll That language changes over time even if people stay Spe amercelvvon a vat young people shou arn the forms used by ned their grandparents. WHY DOES LANGUAGE CHANGE? OT eee eed eRe a ‘a result of social or political pressures. New vocabulary is often required for the latest inventions or ideas. Cree ete ee eal Influences from other people Change can be a good thing Language changes whenever speakers come into contact wth Most inguits belive that change ‘each other. No to indkiduals peek the same way: people from —_in Janguags, lke any change io tlerent places clearly speak dferenty, but even wahin the same society, is unavoidable, Change is ‘smal community, people speak dtfecently dapending on their age, away of keeping a language alve ‘Gender, eign, and social and educational background. When we and useli, and gives speakers interact wit these diferent speckers, in cfrent situations, we itlorent ways of saying things hear new words. expressions and pronunciations, and canake _with extremely smal diferences of them a part of our own speech. Even # your family has ved in the meaning and ways of exoressing ‘same area for generations, you can probably dently a number entirely new ideas, The acadomies Of citferences between the language you use and the way your ‘established in France and Italy have Groene speaker spoke rey gwreatencotesto_ fa ie ucossn cers Zromgechenos nswien rough wrehaspasw tempat Seana dango Feo Gres charge tucomes mo cov tat enteral change ideas nee ge tpricn Dr sro fares “eran BW etree id estat one tre ating Sterne ROS Pou epee ane Fd ad epee nmon to find this idea ~ some people think that language shoud be frozen in tee, and protected from fashions and social rend language change. In 1747, Johnson wrote about "is desire to wnte a dictionary that would fix the Language change is often thought as a negative thing. During ‘pronunciation of English and keep it pure, the 18th century, Swit and many other people fat the English But when he completed the dictionary language wes in serous decline and that a national nsttution — ten years later, he admitted in his like those that existed in France and Italy ~ should be created to introduction that fing a language establish rules and preserve the language. Even today, we hear Gea taptesehe, Lhe €or ict people complaining about a lack of 'standerds’ in spoken and trgagats aves chenura snd written Engi. New words and expressions, or pronunciations and English wil go on doing so 9 many ‘changes in grammar. are crticised, and are often considered bad. creative and - to some people — annoying ways. "38LISTENING =~ @ GERD Listen to the podcast and tick (7) the topics that the people mention. food b Listen again and tick (¥) the correct answers. 1 Which eason does the presenter not sive for why people 40 on ‘staycations” a [1 tosave money to find things rear where you lve to have a chance todo work around the house 2 What does Mike say about wnat made the staycation special? 2. L] the visits tothe exhibition and the coast 'b Ei the small changes to how he spent his day © C1 the facthe wasnt staying in a hotel 3. What do we learn about Mike and his wife? a [1] They don't normaly eat breakfast together Ly They aways like to have a cooked breakfast cc Ey They dont have a TV. 4 Which of the folowing statements is true about Samantha's staycation? 2 C1 She didnt do everything she had orginally planned tod. [1] She did more actvty than she planned G1 She repeated some of the activities on diferent days 5 What does Samantha say about the food she ate? aL She never ate a takeaway, bE] She ate takeaways several times. [1] She only ate a takeaway once 6 What do we learn about Louise's children during thei staycaton? a D They didn't think the staycation was different from normal eliays [They were unable to follow a rule Louise had made. © El They i sport every day Which ofthe guests would recommend estaycation tothe isteners? 2 [] Mike and Samantha b () Mike and Louise c Dlalithree guests © Write a biog post giving advice on having a ‘staycation’ in your country or home town. Remember to include: ‘© a short definition ofa ‘staycation’ 1 some suggestions of places to visit ‘© some suggestions of activities to do ‘ideas for people who don't have alot of money. e& Review and extension GRAMMAR Tick (¥) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong sentences. 1 [1 Irecommend to vst Grugapark 2s soon as you can. Irecommend visiting Grugapark as soon as you can. 2 [2] criminals should stap thinking about the consequences of their actions. 3D We're trying saving money for anew car. 4 Ey Getting up at 6:00 in the morning is nat my dea of fun. 5G] The tonic has been discussed on the show lastnight, 6 Anew ticketing system i being introduced. EAVOCABULARY Tick (V) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong. sentences. 1 LT Sallys score in the test was realy impressing Sallys score in the test was realy Impresave. 2. The lm finishes with a dramatical last scene. 3 Ey The scenery is quite stunning, especially on a clear day. 4] There has been a 10% increase of profits 5 [J There has been a revwation of interest in photography. 66 [1 People hardly notice the disappearing of languages. ‘Complete the sentences with the words in the box. There are two extra words you do not need. E burn chill fall get go pass stand work £1. twas such a shock that for a moment | thought | was, Boing to __pass__ out on the loor. Can anybody | out the answer to number six? We used to ‘out about really stupid things like whose turn it was to feed the cat 4 None of these new songs really seem to___out £5 You're going to out if you don’ take a E break soon, £6 Iliketo ‘out by lying on the sofa and listening to country music.LC aa ee eit EEGRAMMAR too/enough; so/such VOCABULARY Describing life in cities @ Complete the sentences with too much, too mar enough, not enough, so.or such. ‘a Match 1-8 with a-h to make sentences and questions. b Complete the text with the expressions in the box. air pollution local residents parking space public transport quality of life residential areas tretficcongestion urban development There is a lot of exiticiam of big cities and in many ways they ate soft targets. When you'r driving through a major city, the ‘traffic congestion gives you a lot of time to th a does the time spent looking for a don't have 6 Paula made. You shoud consider the option of tiving in a village. The | = re mistakes you would really need your car because is almost non-existent outside major 4 and neatly everything, such as the Kids’ sciools or the ‘a drive away. Let's hope you get on. because you'll be seeing a lot ame faces in the same places. Of course, with ait the *____must be better but at u'll miss all the ft makes you think, doesn't i eathe b Complete the text with too much, too many, enough, not enough, so or such. Sleep debt means you dont have |_enouah sleep, Te couses ‘re obvious-*___ work and rest ‘basically - but what ae the symp do you ever feel tired in the mide oft ant keep nat” your eyes open? Do you ever get ad headaches that you have folie down for a vitile? Dx ifs0, you need 1 do something about. Actually, you dc this sound Ike you? much sleep to recover rom the day, but you should moke sure you get h day. In fact ‘more than nine hours, can be as bad as ‘sleep sx hours or less. t's © good fiernoon sleep. a siesta, especially # you co get hours during the night. Some people soy they fee! refreshed aftr o siesta tha hey can do ‘way, dont try noto sleep at all - people have ded ater 1s much By the Jays without sleep. Take my advice and go to bed sraight away ¢ GAM Listen and check. ¢ GHB Listen and check. "40EE GRAMMAR Causative have/get @ Tick (¥) the correct sentences to match the pictures, 1 a (J She sent a message. b LJ She had her | message sent. tied. = a. : “4 ~/ 2 aL] Hetied his hands b Ey He had his hands am 3a C)shestleaca. 4 2 1] The crocodile took : > ET] She got her car a toxth out > The crocodile nad a tooth taken out 5a [)Temursetook 6 a [] Theboyatea some blood, hotdog. b 1 The nurse had b [1 The boy had his some blood taken, hotdog eaten. b Rewrite the sentences using the correct forms of have or get. 1 Somebody broke into our house. (ge Ouchouse got brokeninto ‘A photographer is taking my ph ure. (have) 3. They check patients’ temperature twice a day. (get) 4. Aman will fix my watch, have) 5 Chocolate covered the boy's face. (get) 6 The hairdresser was cutting my hair. (get) 7. My wife's jewellery has been stolen. (have) 8 The workers had painted our fence red. (ha 9 The branches tore her jacket. (get) 10 I'm renewing my passport. (have! 4 PTT CMe can ar ica ae ees FTE EAVOCABULARY Film and TV @ Complete the text with the words in the box. broadcast captured cast editor released script series shot episode soundtrack Upton Abbey, the best drama '__seriee British TV has to offer, returns to your screens on Monday evening with the very ___of season five. For hose of you who don't know the background to Upton Abbey, most ofthe episodes ere “__inthe UK, at the original Upton Abbey, and all ofthat unique atmosphere of 1720 England is ‘—__ on screen with othousehold names and a written by the famous author, Benjamin Stokes. However there is areal international audience for Upton Abbey these doy, a tis nso many ‘counties and the fst season was ® ‘on DVD in Mongolia recent. Some ofthe scenes were cut bythe because the cultural references were dificult to derstand. So on Monday, when the sound of tat fai ‘comes on, make sure you'e in front ofthe TV to watch the best drama we have to offer b GHB Listen and check. EXVOCABULARY Houses @ Reorder the letters to make words. 1 atarrer between two areas ofland enefe — 2 ahouse with onefoor nngloubaw 3 notjoined to another house chdtedae — 4 aflatarea outside a house etacerr — 5 a floor below ground level neasmbet — a room or area under the roof = tacti — PRONUNCIATION Sound and spelling: o a ©E Listen to the story and read the audioscript on p.74. How is the underlined letter o pronounced in each word in the box? Complete the table. second love too reports ghgst most Tower London poor shouted so soldier through out Sound 1 />e/ (e.g. four) Sound 2/u (@.2 food) Sound (eg go Sm ATTIC srlEveryday English BON ar Geel Oc asus USEFUL LANGUAGE Imagining how things could be I a CONVERSATION SKILLS Using vague language s in the correct place | | SS Eq PRONUNCIATION junk new broken toys Stress in compound nouns SS — a GBB Listen to the sentences. Underline the stressed 8 Puta book doesn't fll ove words in the compound nouns in bold 1 Local about the erime rate. $$$. Th 3 Ther 4. Everyone shoul police force wi we put a solar panel C ' probatSkills for Writing LUGE er ee) ME READING Complete Amelia's email of complaint with the words in the box. ‘concern least prompt reaction tegerding request residents step b Read the email again. Are the sentences true or false? Amelia found out about this through local residents. ‘The news doesn't come as a big surprise. The library has been getting less popular. ‘Ajouralist helped Amelia to make a complaint. ‘An answer in eight days would not satisfy Amelia, ‘The council's decision is possibly ilegal Sie tw EAWRITING SKILLS Using formal language Are the expressions formal or informal? Tick (/) the correct box. Formal informal 1 Mary thanks for your prompt response. | Lreckon 2 3. I believe 4 The thing that really makes me angry How about sending me a replacement? | would appreciate a replacement. Yours sincerely, 5 6 7. Great to hear from you. 8 9 What worries us most ofall 10 Get back to me ina few days or 11 1am writing regarding 12 Regards 13_ you do net respond within three days 14. This is about if if aee@ee ee To: Ringway Council Subject: Closure of Ringway Library Dear Sir/Madam, 11am writing |_negarding _the council's decision to close Ringway LUbrary, as announced in the Ringway Guardian on Monday. ‘Among those of us who use the library on a regular basis, there is a ‘great deal of ‘about the impact this will have on local ‘who need library services. The decision comes as a shock to us, particularly as statistics show that the number of people Using the library rose by 20% this year. My frst Ringway Guardian who wrote the piece and he gave me your contact details. Ihave tried to telephone and I even Visited your offices in person, but no one was availabe to meet me. \was to contact the journalist on the | believe that it is unreasonable and unfair to close the only library inthe area. My 's that atthe very © ‘meeting to debate the issve. 7) do not hear from you within a week, my next you hold a will be to take legal advice. fam not convinced that this decision isin line with local government guidelines. ook forward to a *____ rep. Yours faithful, J Amelia Shaw a EA writing a You have just found out that your local council plan to turn a children’s playground near your house into a car parking area because of a lack of parking spaces. Write a formal email to complain. Use the paragraph structure and the notes to help you. Paragraph 1: explain your reason for writing and give details (e.g. how you found out about thie) Faragraph 2: indicate why you are concerned or annoyed (e.g, children have few safe places to play) Paragraph 3: describe what action you have taken (eq, hada meeting with neighbours who have children) Faragraph 4: explain what action you want: the councilta take Paragraph 5: say what action you wil take if there'sno response