Advances in Civil and Structural Engineering

Volume 6 Issue 3

Pre-Engineered Building Design and its Design Charts

Shaik Kabeer Ahmed1, Pavan Raj2

Assistant Professor1, Student2
Department of Civil Engineering
N.M.A.M.I.T, Nitte, Karkala Taluk, Udupi Dist, Karnataka, India
Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
For a construction of single storey industrial building the pre-engineered
building (PEB) is a new thought in the construction field. It is a concept of
steel structures introduced in early 1960’s. In this type of construction the
entire structure uses of built up “I” sections, the main advantage in this
concept is no welding process will be carried out in the site. The structure will
be designed and manufactured in the plant and are transported to the site and
then erected. The sectional properties will depends on the moments at those
specific locations hence there won’t be any excess of steel utilisation.

Keywords: Pre-engineered buildings, Design Charts, STAAD Pro,

Construction

INTRODUCTION Need of pre-engineered buildings

Advancements in technology have been In almost all parts of the world, the steel
greatly improved over the years thereby industry is growing rapidly. The use of
contributing tremendously to improving steel structures at a time when there is a
the living standards through various new risk of global warming is not only
products and services. Pre-engineered economical but also environmentally
buildings (PEB) are one such revolution. friendly. If we go for standard steel
They use a set stock of raw materials that structures, the time frame will be longer,
have been tested over time to meet a wide and the price will be higher as well, and
range of specifications for structural and both together, i.e. time and cost, will make
architectural design. it inexpensive. Therefore, the complete
construction is performed in the factory in

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 Advances in Civil and Structural Engineering
Volume 6 Issue 3

pre-engineered structures, and according to b) Secondary members

the design, members are prefabricated and Cold-formed members such as roof purlins,
then transported to the site where they are wall girts, eave strut, etc are the secondary
erected in less than 6 to 8 weeks. members in the PEB process. These are
called cold-formed members as there is no
History of PEB involvement of processes like cutting,
The use of pre-engineered buildings has welding and grinding. Cold-formed
been limited to North America and the members are made with a pressing
Middle East for the most period until 1990. machine wherein the MS steel coil will be
The use of pre-engineered buildings has pressed by the machine into the required
since spread throughout Asia and Africa, shape.
where the concept of PEB architecture has
now been widely accepted and lauded. The c) Miscellaneous
principle of pre-engineered steel buildings i). Sag rod
is known as the most flexible and To provide lateral support to purlin and
economical building. In the construction grit sag rods are provided. Purlin/ grit’s
industry, the economy and the speed of top flanges are expected to be completely
delivery and installation of these buildings secured by the roof/ wall panels, but it is
are unparalleled. No other building system resumed that the bottom flanges is braced
matches the pre-engineered building by sag rods. The spacing of the sag rod
system in terms of speed and cost from depends on purlins/ grit, span loads and
excavation to occupancy. their tributary area.

Components of PEB ii). Flange brace

a) Primary members To provide lateral support and stability, the
Primary members in a PEB are the primary flange brace is an angle member extending
load bearing membranes and usually between girts or purlin to the inner flange
consists of the main rigid frame. Vertical of the column or rafter. Following criteria
members are called as columns and must be satisfied by the flange braces:
horizontals members are called as rafters. a) Limiting slenderness ration is
These are generally built up members L/250.
made with hot rolled plates. b) To be built for a compressive force
of 2.5 percent of the assisted

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 Advances in Civil and Structural Engineering
Volume 6 Issue 3

column or rafter compression bracing is generally provided in two

flange strength. parts, and to transfer load from one
portion to another strut pipe is
iii) Bracing provided in between.
To provide stability against wind, seismic ii. If Eave strut is not enough to carry the
or other forces and to give lateral support load, a strut pipe will be provided.
to the structure longitudinal cross bracing
are used. The bracing purpose is to move v). Cage ladder
horizontal loads to the base from the In a building, ladders are provided for
frames. convenient and economical access to the
Types of bracing: tops of the roofs. It can be used to
i. Cross bracing maintain the roof or other equipment on
 Rod bracing top of the roof platforms. Ladders are
 Angle bracing generally are of two types:
 Pipe bracing i. Plain ladders
When the ladder height is up to 3 m plain
ii. Portal Bracing ladders are used.
For buildings with less axial loads rod
bracing are generally used and as the ii. Cage ladders
complexity of the building increases with When the height to be reached is more
crane or mezzanine in it creating high axial than 3 m cage ladders are preferred.
loads pipes and angle bracing are used.
Portal bracing is used wherein the cross- vi). Gratings
bracing may obstruct the movement of Gratings are alternative flooring systems.
humans or machinery. These are more suitable for use in
industrial mezzanines in shop floors,
iv) Strut pipes indoor or outdoor catwalks, roof platforms
To carry compressive forces a or flooring. The main advantages of using
compression member called strut pipe in the grating as flooring over checkered
used. These are the following places that plates are that the gratings being
normally use a strut pipe: galvanized, make it more appropriate for
i. If column height is greater than 1.5 external use and as it is perforated it does
times the bay spacing then cross

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 Advances in Civil and Structural Engineering
Volume 6 Issue 3

not retain water, thus eliminating the need Accessories

for the drainage system. a) Skylight
To allow natural light into the building
vii). Checkered plates translucent panels are generally used. They
Checked plates can also be used instead of are installed in the field using self-drilling
gratings in factories, warehouse, and screws. When these panels are installed in
workshops and were the more common, the roof they are called skylight and when
but expensive and concrete floor finish is in-wall they are called wall light.
not needed. As these are solid and non- Generally, two types of skylight panels are
slippery these are ideal for floors that used which are given below:
could collect a lot of dust and debris from  Polycarbonate sheets
materials handelling, product processing,  FRP sheets
oil leaks from machinery that should be
stopped from falling (or dropping) below. b) Turbo vent
Turbo ventilator is fans powered by cost-
Hardware free air, boosting the natural up-flow of
a) Anchor bolts hot and contaminated air. Typhonic ball-
i). Primary connection bolts bearing action enables the turbo head to
To connect primary structural members or rotate with the slightest movement of air.
built-up members primary connection Suction and discharge are sustained by the
bolts or fasteners are used. Generally, centrifugal forces generated by the vaccum
these bolts are designed as bearing type creating head that is freely rotating. The
bolts. Two types of connections are vaccum is filled with warm air and
generally used they are: released into the outside atmosphere.
 Moment connections
 Flexible or pinned connections c) Louvers
Standard fixed type louver and industrial
ii). Secondary connection mobiles. louver are generally used when high
Secondary fasteners are used to bind ventilation is required industrial louver are
secondary members to primary members used and these are generally provided with
or other secondary members. bird mesh ate the bottom. Fixed louver are
made of natural anodized steel with heavy-

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 Advances in Civil and Structural Engineering
Volume 6 Issue 3

duty and are designed specificially for A.Sravan. Kumar, et.al.,3 Pre-engineered
suitable wall panels. buildings (PEB) is the concept of steel
structures introduce in early 1960’s the
LITERATURE REVIEW structure here uses entire I sections and the
Aijaz. A. Zende, et.al.,2 Long Span, beauty here in this concept is no welding
Column free structures are the most process will be carried out in site entire
essential in any type of industrial structure will be Designed and
structures and Pre Engineered Buildings manufactured in shop and this will be
(PEB) fulfill this requirement along with brought to sit and assembles, the entire
reduced time and cost as compared to sectional properties will depends just upon
conventional structures. The present work the moments at that specific locations so
involves the comparative study of static there won’t be any excess steel used in the
and dynamic analysis and design of Pre thus it is economical. Here I am designing
Engineered Buildings (PEB) and such a PEB building by selecting a real
Conventional steel frames. Design of the time project consisting a 69m wide and
structure is being done in Staad Pro 173m length textile building by IS 800-
software and the same is then compared 2007 Design code using STAAD Pro and
with conventional type, in terms of weight explaining its each and every parameters
which in turn reduces the cost. Three and design and detailing procedures.
examples have been taken for the study.
Comparison of Pre Engineered Buildings Swati.Wakchaure, et.al.,1 In recent years,
(PEB) and Conventional steel frames is the introduction of Pre Engineered
done in two examples and in the third Building (PEB) design of structures has
example, longer span Pre Engineered helped in optimizing design. The
Building structure is taken for the study. In construction of PEB in the place of
the present work, Pre Engineered Conventional Steel Building (CSB) design
Buildings (PEB) and Conventional steel concept resulted in many advantages as the
frames structure is designed for dynamic members are design as per bending
forces, which includes wind forces and moment diagram and thus reducing the
seismic forces. Wind analysis has been steel requirement. In this study, an
done manually as per IS 875 (Part III) – industrial structure PEB Frame & CSB
1987 and seismic analysis has been carried Frame is analyzed and designed according
out as per IS 1893 (2002). to the Indian standards, IS 800-1984, IS

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 Advances in Civil and Structural Engineering
Volume 6 Issue 3

800-2007 .In this study, a structure with Anisha.Goswami, et.al.,1 Pre-

length 80m, width 60m,with clear height Engineering Building(PEB) concept of
11.4m and having R-Slope 5.71 Degree for single story industrial construction. The
PEB & 18 Degree for CSB is considered Present work involves the comparative
to carry out analysis& design for 2D study and design of Pre Engineering
frames . The economy of the structure is Buildings (PEB) and Conventional steel
discussed in terms of its weight Building (CSB). Conventional Steel
comparison, between Indian codes (IS800- Building is old concept which takes lots of
1984, IS800-2007) & in between PEB & time, quality and typical erection factor to
CSB building structure. modified that issues Pre-Engineering
concept is developed. It introduced to the
Hemant. Sharma, In this case study I Indian market in 1990’s.PEB concept is
have analyzed, Designed and compared totally versatile not only due to its quality,
the pre-engineered industrial building with prefabrication, light weight and
the conventional building by mainly economical construction. The study is
comparing the bending moments at achieved by designing a typical frame of
different sections. Also I have considered Industrial warehouse shed using both the
different components of the pre- concept and analyzing the designed frame
engineered steel building. To design and using the structural analysis and design
analysis the PEB and CSB I have used software STAAD Pro.
Staad pro v.8 as well as Indian standard
codes. And finally I have compared these Shivangi.Agrawal, et.al.,1 The paper
two structures in terms of Economy and presents a simple computer based wind
Time saving of construction. I have tried analysis on PEB and conventional steel
many truss systems for cladding and structure using different span having a
roofing system purpose. In the analysis I constant pitch ratio to understand the
have analyzed and designed the Purlins, behavior of two different structure. In this
Girts, Eave Struts and Bracings etc. For study industrial shed using Pratt truss with
the design I have considered Dead Load, different structural configuration like PEB
Live Load and Wind Load for the location and conventional steel structure having
of Vadodara, Gujarat as per IS Code vary span 30m, 27m and 24m using
consideration. Etab2017 version software. From output of
analysis different parameters like total

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 Advances in Civil and Structural Engineering
Volume 6 Issue 3

dead load, story displacement and insulation material & other structural
overturning moment is analyzing. The component.
introduction of Pre-Engineered Building Live / Imposed Load Calculations: It
(PEB) design of structures has helped in should be Considered as per given in IS
optimizing design. The construction of 875 (Part 2) for diff. type of
PEB in the place of Conventional Steel Wind Load Calculations: Consider the
Building (CSB) design concept resulted in Basic wind Speed as per Area of that
many advantages as the members are particular structure. Design wind Pressure
design as per bending moment diagram is calculated as per IS 875 (Part 3). Wind
and thus reducing the steel requirement. Load on Roof can be UDL & calculation
for this can be done as per IS875 (Part 3)
OBJECTIVES Seismic Load Calculations: Earthquake
 To understand the behaviour of Pre Loads affect the design of structure in
engineering material building. areas of great seismic activity. The seismic
 Comparing the pre engineering load can be calculated as per IS 1893-
building designs with different codal 2002(Part 1).
provision. Other Moving Loads: It can be Moving
EOT Crane load or Mono Rail etc.
METHODOLOGY  Load Combinations: As per IS 1893
 Method Used: Stiffness Matrix – 2002 (Part 1)
Method  7(DL ± LL)
 Standard Code used:  7(DL ± EL)
AISC  3(DL + LL ± EL)
ASCE  Mechanism: For diff. Load
IS: 800 Combinations structure should be
Software used: ETABS checked by considering internal work
Load Considerations & their Calculations: equal to External work and we will
Loads considered in the PEB design are consider the following Mechanism
same as for general building structure.  Beam Mechanism
 Sway Mechanism
These are as follows:  Gable Mechanism
Dead load Calculations: It includes Self  Combined Mechanism
Wt. of Purlins, Roof & Wall Sheeting,

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 Checks Made:  Now, by ending the design an analysis

 Effect of Axial Force: Max. Load is run to achieve flange bar
should be checked with allowable load optimization.
bearing of the section. As, Max. Axial
Force in Column/Axial Load causing Practice of Code – Steel Construction by
yielding < 0.15 Indian Standard (IS 800:2007):
 Check should also be made for Local The bureau of the Indian standards had
Buckling of Flanges & Webs. adopted this Indian standard. This code
 Check for the Effect of Shear Force: had been considered by the experts in civil
Shear Force at the end of the Girder engineering divisional council after the
should be less than the Max. Shear methods and standards for construction are
Capacity. finalized by the engineers of structural
department and the selection committee of
Design Procedure: structural sections. In the year 1950 Indian
It consist some steps, which are as follows: standard institution was initiated the

 Based on the geometry, set up section programme of steel economy by

sizes and brace locations. establishing rational, efficient and

 Loading Calculations: Specify the optimum steel product standards and their

Load case & load combinations for use. For general construction of steel basic

designing of the framed steel structure. code is I.S 800:2007. It is the suitable

 Calculate S.F. & M. for each load case document for any design in structures. The

detail other codes governing the design of other

steel structures, such as bridges, towers,
 By using the Standard Codes, check
silos, chimneys, etc., has influenced by
and compare the calculated stress with
this code only. In the country and abroad
the allowable or Permissible Shear
the developments taking place and the
Stress & Bending Stress values.
consideration has been given to them. Any
 Design the optimum Splice Location.
additive and changes to the code have been
 Made check for predicted section that
included to make more useful standard.
it satisfy or fail for any loading
conditions.
CONCLUSION
Pre- engineered steel building offers the
minimum cost, less time in construction,

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 Advances in Civil and Structural Engineering
Volume 6 Issue 3

more strength, durable in the life span, Industrial Building,” vol. 3, no. 10,
flexibility in design, recyclability. In the pp. 69–74, 2017
construction of Pre-engineered steel 6. S. S. Bhadoria and Y. Pathak,
building the basic material used for the “COMPARATIVE STUDY OF
construction is steel. It is recyclable up to PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDING
infinite times. The present study is AND,” pp. 1172–1183, 2017.
discussed about the design procedures for 7. A. Goswami and T. Shende, “Pre-
pre-engineered building with code Engineered Building Design of an
standards of IS 800 – 2007. Industrial Warehouse,” no.June, pp.
1484–1488, 2018.
REFERENCES 8. S. Agrawal and U. Pendarkar,
1. A. Zende, P. A. V Kulkarni, and A. “Wind Analysis of Pre-Engineering
Hutagi, “Comparative Study of and Conventional Steel Structure
Analysis and Design of Pre- using Pratt Truss,” no. June, 2020.
Engineered- Buildings and 9. B. Jacob and M. Althaf, “Design
Conventional Frames,” vol. 5, no. 1, comparison of conventional steel
pp. 32–43, 2013. structure with pre - engineered
2. A, Sravan. K, Sanjeev. Rao, Madan. structure Design comparison of
Mohan, and Dr. S. Reddy, “Design conventional steel structure with
and Analysis of Pre Engineered pre- engineered structure,” 2020,
Industrial Buildings ( PEB ),” vol. doi: 10.1088/1757-
03, no. 06, pp. 26–29, 2014. 899X/989/1/012008.
3. S. Wakchaure, “Design and 10. S. Kalesha, B. S. S. R. Reddy, D.
Comparative Study of Pre- Chaitanya, and K. Jagarapu,
Engineered Building,” vol. 4, no. 2, “Materials Today : Proceedings An
pp. 2108–2113, 2016. analytical study on pre engineered
4. M. S. Jinsha and L. A. Mathew, buildings using staad pro,” Mater.
“Analysis of Pre – Engineered Today Proc., no. xxxx, 2020, doi:
Buildings,” vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 2015– 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.076.
2017, 2016. 11. IS: 800- 2007: General
5. H. Sharma, “A Comparative Study Construction in Steel – Code of
on Analysis & Design of Pre- Practice.
Engineered & Conventional

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