Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
2019 CENTRAL LUZON EARTHQUAKE
CE - 3207
Briones, Mark Eleazar P.
Endaya, Kim Byronne A.
Mullion, Clarence E.
Melo, Mikaela C.
Macalalad, Blezie Mae
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
I. Location
At 5:11 PM on 22 April 2019, Monday, an earthquake of Magnitude 6.1,
registered a PEIS (PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale) of VII that is characteristic of
a destructive earthquake with the presence of liquefaction, lateral spreading and
considerably damaged buildings and bridges, shook the provinces of Zambales,
Pampanga and vicinity. The epicenter is located 18 kilometers east of Castillejos,
Zambales, on a mountainous area, at a depth of 10 kilometers.
As of April 28, 2019, 1,097 aftershocks were documented by PHIVOLCS with 16
of these felt by the population. The aftershocks were recorded with a magnitude ranging
from 1.4 to 2.5 and reported an intensity of I to III on the PEIS.
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
II. Fault Setting
The earthquake in Pampanga was tectonic in origin. According to an interview with
PHIVOLCS through the local news media Philstar, the earthquake that hit Pampanga was
caused by a blind or hidden fault, it is yet to be determined. However, it was determined
that the probable fault was the Lubao Lineament, which coincides with the reported
epicenter of the USGS.
III. Extent of Intensity
Affected Areas
Based on preliminary intensity reports, the strongest ground shaking was felt at
PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) VI (Very Strong) in San Marcelino and
Subic in Zambales; Olongapo City; Floridablanca, Lubao, Porac, and Angeles City in
Pampanga.
Intensity V (Strong) was felt in Tarlac City; Castillejos and San Felipe in
Zambales; Magalang, Mexico, and San Fernando in Pampanga; Abucay, Balanga, and
Mariveles in Bataan; Malolos, and Obando in Bulacan; Indang in Cavite; Lipa City in
Batangas; Makati City, Mandaluyong City, Manila City, Quezon City, Pasay City, San
Juan City, Taguig City and Valenzuela City.
Intensity IV (Moderately Strong) was felt in Meycauayan, Plaridel, and San Jose
Del Monte City in Bulacan; San Rafael in Tarlac; Rosales and Villasis in Pangasinan;
Itogon and La Trinidad in Benguet; Kasibu in Nueva Vizcaya; Gabaldon in Nueva Ecija;
San Mateo and Antipolo City in Rizal; Bacoor, Imus, and Maragondon in Cavite;
Nasugbu in Batangas; Baguio City, Tagaytay City, Caloocan City, Las Piñas City,
Marikina City and Pasig City.
Furthermore, Intensity III (Weak) was felt in Marilao in Bulacan; Santo Domingo,
Gapan City, Cabanatuan City, Palayan City, and Talavera in Nueva Ecija; Maddela in
Quirino; Dingalan in Aurora; Lucban in Quezon; Carmona, Dasmariñas, General Trias
and Silang in Cavite; San Nicolas and Talisay in Batangas; Calamba City and Santa Cruz
in Laguna; and Muntinlupa City.
Intensity II (Slightly Felt) was felt in Baler, Aurora. The strong ground shaking
near the epicentral area resulted in damages to some buildings, roads, and bridges.
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
IV. Effects
A. Nature and Structures
According to NDRRMC, a total of 334 structures and buildings sustained damage
in the Ilocos Region, Central Luzon, Metro Manila, and Calabarzon.
● Damages to houses
According to NDRRMC, more than 1,549 homes were damaged -
162 were totally damaged and 1,387 were partially damaged. However,
majority of the homes experienced non-structural damages or minimal
structural damages only and have not completely collapsed.
Dwellings made of timber, reinforced concrete as well as houses
made of indigenous materials were affected.
● Damage to Bridges
One (1) bridge located in Floridablanca, Pampanga was also
reported damaged and rendered not passable to vehicles, as seen in the
figure below. This bridge was reported to have slab deck cracks and
depression along one of the approaches before it was repaired.
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
Damaged bridge in Floridablanca, Pampanga
● Damage to roads and highways
One roadway in Lubao, Pampanga was rendered not passable after
the earthquake due to the collapsed slope protection and scouring from the
embankment and half of the carriageway.
● Damage to structure and buildings
A total of 739 structures and buildings were reported damaged due
to the earthquake in Regions I, III, and IVA, and the National Capital
Region (NCR). This includes:
❖ collapse of Chuzon Supermarket, a four-storey supermarket, in
Porac, Pampanga and damages to its surrounding structures,
resulting to five casualties
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
❖ Non-structural damages through a damaged ceiling in the Clark
International Airport located in Angeles City, Pampanga
❖ damaged bell towers of three churches within Pampanga.
These churches were the Santa Catalina Church and Pio Church in
Porac, and the St. Augustine Church in Lubao.
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
Brgy. Bulacus, Masantol, Pampanga
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
Brgy. San Juan Nepumuceno, Guagua, Pampanga
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
Brgy. San Rafael, Guagua, Pampanga
Damaged houses due to liquefaction (land subsidence and lateral spreads)
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
Dammed tributary of Gumain River draining to Floridablanca, Pampanga
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
Brgy. Nabuclod, Floridablanca, Pampanga
Earthquake-induced landslides and damaged structures
Brgy. Buhawen, San Marcelino, Zambales
Earthquake-induced landslide at Mt. Tapungso
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
Brgy. Sta. Fe, San Marcelino Zambales
Shallow earthquake-induced landslides on pyroclastic deposits
Santa Catalina de Alexandria
Porac, Pamapanga
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
Clark International Airport
Chuzon Supermarket
Porac, Pampanga
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
B. Social
Classes were suspended in several areas and schools both on Monday and
Tuesday.
For Tuesday, Malacañang suspended work for government employees in
Metro Manila, while the Senate and the House of Representatives also ordered
their own suspensions. The Supreme Court suspended work in all courts in Metro
Manila and Central Luzon as well.
Central Luzon is the hardest-hit region. All of the dead, injured, and
missing are so far from Central Luzon. Meanwhile, Pampanga is the hardest-hit
province and has been placed under a state of calamity.
An earthquake-induced landslide occurred in Mt. Bimmukel, San
Marcelino, Zambales, that caused the evacuation of 120 families around the area.
These families were provided with relief packs by the Department of Social
Welfare and Development (DSWD).
According to a report by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRMC), there were a total of 18 casualties, 256
injured, and 3 missing persons reported. In addition, 18,086 persons were affected
by the earthquake in 41 Barangays within Region III (Central Luzon).
C. Transportation
Sixty seven (67) International flights and 154 domestic flights to and from
Clark were canceled in Clark International Airport on April 22-24, 2019. Railway
operations were temporarily halted on Monday.
Number coding was lifted for public utility vehicles in Metro Manila on
Tuesday, to ensure commuters would not get stranded.
D. Economic
The damage to infrastructure caused by the magnitude 6.1 earthquake that
affected parts of Luzon has reached Php505,920,000.00, the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) said.
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
The Clark International Airport alone, the earthquake caused around P30
million in damage, said Transportation Secretary Arthur Tugade.
IV. Government Response
Response Assets and 523 personnel from National/Regional Government Agencies,
Local Government Units, and Private Sectors were deployed to conduct response operations in
Region III (Central Luzon)
These response assets and government agencies include National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Operations Center (NDRRMOC), DOST-PHIVOLCS, Department of Energy
(DOE), DPWH, DSWD, and other Regional and Local Sectors. They raised alert status to
everyone specifically the affected region, and corresponded to all concerns regarding the
earthquake. These agencies disseminated information to all other sectors and immediately
conducted emergency response units to check all the affected areas and evacuate people into
centers.
Furthermore, they also checked the overall damage brought by the earthquake.
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE and FINE ARTS
Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department
ELECTRONIC REFERENCES:
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news/8233-primer-on-the-22-april-2019-magnitude-
6-1-central-luzon-earthquake-23-april-2019
https://www.esquiremag.ph/the-good-life/pursuits/churches-buildings-earthquake-damage-
a00184-20190423-lfrm
https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/3754/
SitRep_No_03_re_Magnitude_6point1_Earthquake_in_Castillejos_Zambales_issued_24April20
19.pdf
https://www.rappler.com/nation/228772-updates-luzon-earthquake-april-2019/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZKsNWxbW5E
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1111483/luzon-quake-infrastructure-damage-soars-to-p505-million-
ndrrmc
https://committees.jsce.or.jp/disaster/system/files/FS2020-E0002.pdf
