UNIT -III
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
In this chapter, we discuss various types of higher order linear differential
equation with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameter and
method of undetermined coefficients. Also this units deals with homogeneous
linear differential equation with variable coefficients by Cauchy and Legendre
methods.
PART-A
LINEAR HIGHER ORDER ODE WITH CONSTANT
COEFFICIENT -TYPE 1: RHS = 0 (or) e Kx
1. The roots of the auxiliary equation of a linear differential equation U
with constant coefficient are 1±i, 1±i. Find its complementary
function.
Solve D 2 1 y 0 .
2
2. A
3. Solve the equation ( D 2 2 D 1) y 0 A
4. Solve D 4 2 D 2 1 y 0 A
5. Solve D 3 1 y 0 A
6. Solve (D 2 D 1) y 0 A
d3y d2y dy A
7. Find the complementary function of 3
3 2 4 2y 0
dx dx dx
8. Find the particular integral of the equation D 9 y e3 x
2
A
9. Find the particular integral of D 2 2 D 1 y cosh x A
10. Find the particular integral of ( D 2 5D 6) y 2cosh 2 x A
11. Find the particular integral of ( D 2 4 D 4) y e 2 x A
LINEAR HIGHER ORDER ODE WITH CONSTANT
COEFFICIENT-TYPE 2: RHS = sin kx (or )cos kx
12. Find the particular integral of ( D 2 1) y sin x . A
13. Find the particular integral of ( D 2 4) y cos 2 x . A
14. Find the particular integral of ( D 3 4 D) y sin 2 x . A
LINEAR HIGHER ORDER ODE WITH CONSTANT
COEFFICIENT-TYPE 3: RHS = x n
15. Find the particular integral of the differential equation A
( D 2 1) y x 3
16. Find the particular integral of the differential equation A
( D 2 1) y x
17. Find the particular integral of the differential equation A
( D 2 D) y x
LINEAR HIGHER ORDER ODE WITH CONSTANT
COEFFICIENT-TYPE 4: RHS = E×T , E×P, P×T, E×T×P
[E-Exponential, T-Trignometrical, P-Polynomial]
18. Find the particular integral of ( D 2 4 D 4) y x 2e2 x A
19. Find the particular integral of ( D 2 2 D 2) y e x sin 2 x A
20. Find the particular integral of ( D 2 2 D 1) y e x x 2 . A
METHODS OF VARIATION OF PARAMETERS
21. Find the Wronskian of y1 , y2 of y 2 y y e x log x . U
d2y U
22. Find the Wronskian of y1 , y2 of 4 y cot 2 x .
dx 2
d2y U
23. Find the Wronskian of y1 , y2 of y x sin x .
dx 2
CAUCHY’S HOMOGENEOUS LINEAR ODE
24. Write Euler’s Homogeneous linear differential equation. How U
will you convert it to a linear differential equation with constant
coefficients?
25. Transform the equation x 2 y xy x into a linear differential U
equation with constant coefficients.
26. Reduce the equation x 2 D 2 xD 1 y log x into an ordinary U
differential equation with constant coefficients
Convert x 2 D 2 xD 7 y into an equation with constant
2
27. x U
coefficient.
28. d2y dy
Convert the equation x 2 2 2 x 2 y log x into a U
dx dx
differential equation with constant coefficients.
29. Transform (x 2 D2 3xD 2) y sin(2log x) into an ordinary U
differential equation with constant coefficient
30. sin(log x)
Transform x 2 y 3xy into differential equation with U
x
constant coefficients.
2
2 d y dy A
31. Solve x 2
4x 2 y 0
dx dx
2
d y dy A
32. Solve: x 2 2 2 x 0.
dx dx
33. Solve the equation x 2 y '' 2 xy ' 2 y 0 A
2
2 d y dy A
34. Solve x 2
x 0
dx dx
LEGENDRE’S LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
35. Transform the equation (2 x 1) 2 y 4(2 x 1) y 8 y 8 x into the U
linear equation with constant coefficients.
36. Transform the equation (2 x 3) 2 y 2(2 x 3) y 12 y 6 x into a U
differential equation with constant coefficients
37. Transform the equation (4 x 1) 2 y (4 x 1) y 4 y 8(1 4 x) 2 U
into a differential equation with constant coefficients.
METHOD OF UNDETERMINED COEFFICIENTS
38. Guess the trial solution of the particular integral for the S
differential equation ( D 2 3D 2) y 6e3 x using method of
undetermined coefficients.
39. Guess the trial solution of the particular integral for the S
d2y
differential equation 9 y cos 2 x using method of
dx 2
undetermined coefficients.
40. Guess the trial solution of the particular integral for the S
differential equation y 2 y 5 y 6sin 3x 7cos3 x using
method of undetermined coefficients.
PART-B
LINEAR HIGHER ORDER ODE WITH CONSTANT
COEFFICIENT-TYPE 1: RHS = 0 (or) e Kx
1. Solve (i) (D 2 7 D 12) y 14 e3 x (ii) (D 2 4) y e2 x e 4 x 8 A
LINEAR HIGHER ORDER ODE WITH CONSTANT
COEFFICIENT-TYPE 2: RHS = sin kx (or )cos kx
2. Solve (D2 3D 2) y 2cos 2 x 3 2e x 8 A
3. Solve (D3 2D2 4D 8) y e2 x sin x cos x 8 A
4. Solve ( D 2 2 D 2) y e 2 x cos 2 x . 8 A
LINEAR HIGHER ORDER ODE WITH CONSTANT 8 A
COEFFICIENT-TYPE 3: RHS = x n
5. d2y dy
Solve 2 5 6 y x 2 3 8 A
dx dx
6. Solve ( D 3D 2 6 D 8) y x .
3
8 A
7. Solve ( D 4 2 D 3 D 2 ) y x 3 . 8 A
LINEAR HIGHER ORDER ODE WITH CONSTANT
COEFFICIENT-TYPE 4: RHS = E×T , E×P, P×T, E×T×P
[E-Exponential, T-Trignometrical, P-Polynomial]
8. Solve ( D 2 4 D 3) y e x cos 2 x . 8 A
9. Solve the equation ( D 2 5D 4) y e x sin 2 x 2e x . 8 A
d2y dy 8 A
10. Solve 2
11 18 y e2 x e x cos x x
dx dx
11. Solve ( D 2 D 4) y e x cos 2 x .
2 8 A
12. Solve (D3-7D-6)y = (1+x)e2x 8 A
13. Solve the equation ( D 2 4) y x 2 cos 2 x . 8 A
d2y dy 8 A
14. Solve 2
2 y 8 xe x sin x
dx dx
CAUCHY’S TYPE
15. Solve x y 4 xy 6 y x 2 log x
2 8 A
2
2 d y dy 1 8 A
16. Solve the equation x 4 x 2 y x 2
.
dx 2 dx x2
17. Solve ( x 2 D2 x D 2) y x 2 log x 8 A
18. Solve x 2 y 3xy 5 y cos(log x) 8 A
d 2 y 1 dy 12log x 8 A
19. Solve the equation .
dx 2 x dx x2
LEGENDRE’S TYPE
20. Solve x 1 D x 1 D 1 y 4cos log x 1 8 A
2 2
d2y dy 8 A
21. Solve (1 x) 2
2
(1 x) y 2sin(log(1 x)) .
dx dx
22. Solve ( x 2) y ( x 2) y y 3x 4 .
2
8 A
2
2 d y dy 8 A
23. Solve 2 3x 2
3 2 3x 36 y 3x 2 4 x 1 .
dx dx
METHOD OF VARIATION OF PARAMETERS
Solve by the method of variation of parameter 8 A
24.
( D 2 2 ) y tan x .
Solve ( D 2 a 2 ) y sec ax using the method of variation of 8 A
25.
parameters.
d2y 8 A
26. Solve y cosec x by the method of variation of parameters.
dx 2
27. d2y 8 A
Solve 4 y cot 2 x , by using method of variation of
dx 2
parameters.
METHOD OF UNDETERMINED COEFFICIENTS
28. Solve the following differential equation by method of 8 A
d2y dy
undetermined co-efficient 2 6 5 y 2e x 10e5 x
dx dx
29.
Solve D 2 2 D y 5e x cos x by using method of undetermined 8 A
coefficients.
30. Solve the following differential equation by method of 8 A
d2y
undetermined co-efficient 2 9 y cos 2 x
dx
31. Solve the following differential equation by method of 8 A
d2y dy
undetermined co-efficient 2 5 6 y e3 x sin x
dx dx
32. Solve y y 6 y 10e 18e 6 x 11 by using method of 8 A
2x 3x
undetermined coefficients.
