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Iala Maritime Buoyage System: Nternational Ssociation of Arine Ids To Avigation and Ighthouse Uthorities

The document describes the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) maritime buoyage system. The system uses different colored and shaped buoys to mark lateral boundaries, hazards, and safe waters. It specifies colors, shapes, lights, and retroreflectors for 7 types of buoys including lateral, cardinal, isolated danger, safe water, special, new danger, and emergency wreck marking buoys. The boundaries of the two regions with reversed lateral color schemes are also identified.

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244 views46 pages

Iala Maritime Buoyage System: Nternational Ssociation of Arine Ids To Avigation and Ighthouse Uthorities

The document describes the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) maritime buoyage system. The system uses different colored and shaped buoys to mark lateral boundaries, hazards, and safe waters. It specifies colors, shapes, lights, and retroreflectors for 7 types of buoys including lateral, cardinal, isolated danger, safe water, special, new danger, and emergency wreck marking buoys. The boundaries of the two regions with reversed lateral color schemes are also identified.

Uploaded by

Van Doo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IALA MARITIME

BUOYAGE SYSTEM

International
Association of Marine
Aids to Navigation and
Lighthouse Authorities
Aim of IALA
The aim of IALA is to foster the
movements of vessels are safe,
expeditious and cost effective, through
improvement and harmonisation of aids to
navigation worldwide and the protection of
the environment
TYPES OF MARKS
The system of buoyage provides seven types of
marks which may be used in combination:
(1) Lateral Mark
(2) Cardinal Mark
(3) Safe Water Mark
(4) Isolated Danger Mark
(5) Special Mark
(6) New Danger Mark
(7) Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy
COLOURS OF MARKS
Red and Green are reversed for Lateral Marks.
Black and Yellow band for Cardinal Marks.
Black and Red band for Isolated Danger Mark.
Yellow for Special Marks.
Red and White vertical stripes for Safe Water
Mark.
Blue and Yellow vertical stripes for Emergency
Wreck Marking Buoy.
SHAPES OF MARKS
Five basic shapes ;

1. Can 2. Conical

3. Spherical
4. Pillar

5. Spar
TOP MARKS
Shapes of Top Marks
Can
Conical
Sphere
X shape
+ ( cross ) shape
LIGHTS
Colour of Lights
Red and Green for Lateral Marks.
Yellow for Special Mark.
Blue and Yellow for Emergency Wreck
Marking Buoy.
White for other Marks.
Retro reflector
Retro reflectors are used for unlighted/unlit
buoys.
Its’ shapes are band / square.
Color is same as mark’s color.
Black is replace with Blue band.
When we see a buoy,
(i) Identify the mark
(ii) Color of mark
(iii)Shape of mark
(iv)Top mark
(v) Light
(vi)Retro reflector
(vii)Purpose
Buoyage Regions
The boundaries of the two buoyage
regions, A and B, in which the colour of
Lateral marks and their lights are
reversed.
Region A Region B
• Europe • North America
• Australia • Central America
• New Zealand • South America
• Africa • Japan
• The Gulf • Korea
• Some Asian nations • The Philippines
LATERAL MARKS
Lateral Marks – Region A
Lateral Marks – Region A
How to identify the prefer channel

(i) There is two different mark on lateral mark


(ii) Shape of the Mark (Can shape is red mean
Region- A), Top mark color (Region A or B) if no
top mark, top of the mark
(iii) Middle color indicate the prefer channel.
Lateral Marks – Region B
Lateral Marks – Region B
CARDINAL MARKS
Cardinal marks are used in conjunction with the
compass to indicate where the Mariner may find the
best navigable water.
Use to indicate that the deepest water in an area is of
the name of the mark.
To indicate the safe side on which to pass a danger.
They are placed in one of the four quadrants
(N,S,E,W) bounded by inter-cardinal bearing.
The Mariner is safe if he passes N of the North mark,
E of the East mark, S of the South mark and W of the
West mark.
Shapes
Pillar or Spar

Lights
White light
North uninterrupted
East 3 flashes in a group
South 6 flashes in a group followed by long flash
West 9 flashes in a group
Top marks & colour
Black double-cone top mark, black & yellow bands
North Point up Black above Yellow band
South Point down Black below Yellow band
West Point inward Black with Yellow above &
below
East Point outward Black above & below
Yellow
Retro-reflectors
Blue and Yellow band
North Blue on black part and Yellow on yellow part
East 2 Blue on the upper black part
South Yellow on yellow and Blue on black part
West 2 Yellow on the upper yellow part.
ISOLATED DANGER MARK

Isolated danger marks are erected on, or


moored on or above, isolated dangers of
limited extent which have navigable water
all around them.
On Admiralty charts the position of a
danger is the centre of the symbol or
sounding indicating the danger.
Isolated Danger Marks
Color Black and Red
Black with one or more red bands
Shape Pillar or Spar
Top mark Two Black spheres
Retro reflector Blue & Red
Light White (group flashing 2 )
ISOLATED DANGER MARK
SAFE WATER MARK
Safe Water Mark
Colour Red and White stripes
Shape Pillar or Spar
Top mark Red sphere
Retro reflector Red & White
Light White (Isophase, Occulting
or Long-Flashing every 10s or Morse code
(A)
SAFE WATER MARK
SPECIAL MARKS
Special marks may be used to indicate to the
Mariner a special area or feature, the nature of
which is apparent from reference to a chart,
Sailing Directions or Notices to Mariners.
Uses include the marking of:
* ODAS(Ocean Data Acquisition System) buoys,
* TSS where use of the conventional channel,
* Spoil grounds,
* Military exercise zone,
* Cable or pipe line
* Recreation zones
Special Marks
Colour Yellow
Shape Optional
Topmark Yellow X (optional)
Light Yellow (any rhythm not used
for white light)
Retro reflector Yellow band or X
ODAS BUOY
SPECIAL MARKS
NEW DANGER MARKS
NEW DANGER MARKS
MARKING
EMERGENCY WRECK MARKING BUOY
EMERGENCY WRECK MARKING BUOY

 The emergency wreck-marking buoy is designed to


provide high visual and radio aid to navigation and
to assist recognition of wreck marking.

 It should be placed as close to the wreck as


possible, or in a pattern around the wreck and
within any other marks that may be subsequently
deployed.
EMERGENCY WRECK MARKING BUOY
 The emergency wreck marking buoy should be
maintained in position until:
- the wreck is well known and has been
promulgated in nautical publications;
- the wreck has been fully surveyed and exact
details such as position and least depth above
the wreck are known; and
- a permanent form of marking of the wreck has
been carried out.
Characteristics
The buoy has the following characteristics:
- A pillar or spar buoy, with size dependent on location.
- Coloured in equal number and dimensions of blue and
yellow vertical stripes (minimum of 4 stripes and
maximum of 8 stripes).
- Fitted with an alternating blue* and yellow flashing
light with a nominal range of 4 nautical miles
(authorities may wish to alter the range depending on
local conditions) where the blue and yellow 1 second
flashes are alternated with an interval of 0.5 seconds.
- B1.0s + 0.5s + Y1.0s + 0.5s = 3.0s
Characteristics
- If multiple buoys are deployed then the lights
should be synchronized.
- The buoy may be fitted with a Racon (Morse
Code “D”) and / or an AIS unit.
- The top mark, if fitted, is to be a standing/upright
yellow cross.
EMERGENCY WRECK MARKING BUOY

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