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Week5 - Sources of Evolution

1. Fossils provide evidence of evolution by preserving remains of ancient organisms in rock layers. Body fossils are direct remains like bones, while trace fossils show biological activity. Carbon fossils preserve two-dimensional remains. Relative dating compares rock layers, with older fossils at the bottom. 2. Comparative anatomy studies similarities and differences between species. Homologous structures have a common origin, while analogous structures have similar functions but different origins. 3. Embryonic development shows that vertebrate embryos resemble each other early in development, indicating a shared ancestor.

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63 views21 pages

Week5 - Sources of Evolution

1. Fossils provide evidence of evolution by preserving remains of ancient organisms in rock layers. Body fossils are direct remains like bones, while trace fossils show biological activity. Carbon fossils preserve two-dimensional remains. Relative dating compares rock layers, with older fossils at the bottom. 2. Comparative anatomy studies similarities and differences between species. Homologous structures have a common origin, while analogous structures have similar functions but different origins. 3. Embryonic development shows that vertebrate embryos resemble each other early in development, indicating a shared ancestor.

Uploaded by

Lila Kyst
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Evolution

Evolution
✓is the gradual change in a population’s genetic and physical traits. This
can only be observed after a long period of time.
Sources of Evidence for Evolution
1. Fossils
✓are traces of organisms that lived in the
past and were preserved by natural process
or catastrophic events.

✓can be remains of organisms which include


bones, shells, teeth and feces embedded in
rocks, peat, resin and ice
Paleontologist
✓A person who studies fossil
Where are fossils found?

✓Fossils are found almost


exclusively in sedimentary
rocks—rocks that form when sand,
silt, mud, and organic material settle
out of water or air to form layers that
are then compacted into rock.
Types of Fossils

Body Fossils
✓are fossils that come from the
organism itself
✓were parts of the organism, such as
bones or teeth.
Trace Fossils
✓ is a fossil record of biological activity but not the preserved remains
of the plant or animal itself.
Carbon Fossils
✓ carbonized two-dimensional remains of organisms that were exposed to great
pressure over long periods of time. Carbon film fossils can often preserve
information about the original organism's shape, features and evolutionary
placement.
Relative Dating
✓is a method used to determine the
age of the rocks by comparing them
with the rocks in the other layer.

Fossils found at the bottom layer


are assumed to be older than those on
the upper layer.
Fossils of Invertebrates found at the bottom part of the rock
layer suggest that invertebrates are probably one of the first and oldest organisms
that lived on earth.
Carbon Dating

✓is used to tell the age of organic


materials by using the properties of
radiocarbon
Geologic Time Scale
✓is the “calendar” for events in Earth
history

✓also shows the appearance of


various kinds of organisms in a
particular period on earth
Age of Earth

4.6 billion
years
2. Comparative Anatomy
✓ is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.
Homologous Analogous

Homologous

Analogous
Analogous
3. Embryonic Development

✓ Another evidence of evolution is the


study of developing organism or
embryology. Scientists use embryos
to compare one organism to another
to see how they are related with
each other. The embryos of
vertebrates look alike on their early
stages.
4. Genetic Information
✓ Another evidence of evolution is
provided by the biochemical analysis
and amino acid sequence of the
organisms’ DNA. The greater the
similarity in amino acid sequence,
the closer the relationship of the
organisms. The organisms which are
similar in structure and possess
similarity at the biochemical level
could probably have a common
ancestor
Performance Task!

✓ Give an example proving that


vertebrates evolved from a common
ancestor. Provide pictures and write
a short explanation about your
example.

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