Scribd
Upload
102 views16 pages

0306 Introduction To Geometry

The document defines and provides information about various plane figures including polygons, circles, triangles, quadrilaterals, and trapezoids. It discusses key attributes like the number of sides, angles, and formulas for calculating perimeter, area, circumference, and other geometric properties. Plane figures are classified based on attributes and relationships between their sides and angles. The essential information includes definitions of basic shapes, classifications of triangles and quadrilaterals, and formulas for calculating perimeter, area, and other measurements of plane figures.

Uploaded by

Punitha Pancha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
102 views16 pages

0306 Introduction To Geometry

The document defines and provides information about various plane figures including polygons, circles, triangles, quadrilaterals, and trapezoids. It discusses key attributes like the number of sides, angles, and formulas for calculating perimeter, area, circumference, and other geometric properties. Plane figures are classified based on attributes and relationships between their sides and angles. The essential information includes definitions of basic shapes, classifications of triangles and quadrilaterals, and formulas for calculating perimeter, area, and other measurements of plane figures.

Uploaded by

Punitha Pancha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Geometry Concepts

Figures that lie in a plane are called plane figures.

These are all plane figures.

Polygon Triangle

No. of Sides 3

Drawing

A polygon is a plane closed figure determined by three or more line segments

Quadrilateral

Pentagon

Hexagon Heptagon

6 7

Octagon

Nonagon Decagon

9 10

What happens as the number of sides of a polygon increases?

33

As the number of sides increases, the plane figure becomes more circular.

A circle is defined as a set of points in a plane equidistant from a given point called the center.

A diameter is a line segment connecting any two points of the circle passing through the center of the circle. A radius is a line segment connecting the center of the circle with any point on the circle.

A diameter is equal to two radii.

d = 2r

34

Triangle Classification by Sides:

Equilateral

Isosceles

Scalene

Triangle Classification by Angles:


Acute

Obtuse

Right

C B

+
A

+
C

The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 degrees.

35

If the two nonparallel sides of a trapezoid are equal in length, it is called an isosceles trapezoid. If all the angles of a parallelogram measure 90, it is called a rectangle. If all the sides of a parallelogram are the same length, it is called a rhombus. If all the sides of a parallelogram are the same length and the angles measure 90, it is called a square.

Quadrilateral
Square Parallelogram Rectangle Trapezoid

Isosceles Trapezoid
Rhombus

Two measures of plane figures are important to mathematicians: a. the distance around a plane figure called the perimeter or circumference and b. the number of square units in the interior of a plane figure called the area.

36

Perimeter

a b a b

P = a+ b + c The perimeter of every polygon may be found by adding all the sides.

Equilateral Triangle Shortcut s s s s P = 3s s

Rectangle Shortcut
l w l l l P = 2l + 2w w w w

37

The circumference is the distance around a circle.


Circumference Diameter always results in the same ratio. This number is named pi ( ) and is approximately ( ) equal to 22 or 3.14. 7

Circumference (C ) = Pi ( ) Diameter (d ) or C = d Since d = 2r, C = (2r) or C = 2r

Area
Area is measured in square units. A square unit is a square one unit on each side. For example, start with a rectangle with length (l) 3 units and width (w) 2 units. 2 3 A = 6 units2 A = 3 . 2 units2 A=l.w

38

Plane Figure

Drawing

Perimeter/ Circumference P=a+b+c P=a+b+c+d P = 2l + 2w P = 4s P = 4s P=a+b+c+d C = d or 2r A=

Area A=

Triangle Parallelogram Rectangle Rhombus Square Trapezoid Circle

1 bh 2

A = bh A = lw A = bh A = s2

1 h(b1 + b2) 2
A = r2

39

Introduction to Geometry Notes

Basic Concepts:

Description 1.

Drawing

2.

3.

Parts of Lines:

Description 1.

Drawing

2.

Definition of an Angle: ______________________________________________________

40

Types of Angles:

Description 1.

Drawing

2.

3.

4.

Pairs of Angles:

Description 1.

Drawing

2.

3.

41

Lines in a Plane:

Description 1.

Drawing

2.

3.

When two lines intersect, pairs of ____________________ angles are formed.


Types of Intersecting Lines in a Plane: Description 1.

Drawing

2.

Vertical angles have the ____________________ measure. If two parallel lines are cut by a third line (called the ____________________ ), various pairs of angles are formed.

42

Angles formed by Parallel Lines cut by a Transversal: Description 1.

Drawing

2. 5 7

1 3 6 8

2 4

3.

43

Polygons
Polygon Number of Sides Drawing

Triangle

Quadrilateral

Pentagon

Hexagon

Heptagon

Octagon

Nonagon

Decagon

44

Geometry Definitions and Facts


A ________________________ is defined as a set of points in a plane equidistant from a given point called the center. A ________________________ is a line segment connecting any two points of the circle passing through the center of the circle. A ________________________ is a line segment connecting the center of the circle with any point on the circle. A ________________________ is equal to two radii ( d = ).

Classification of Triangles by Sides

Classification of Triangles by Angles

45

The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is _______________ degrees. If the two nonparallel sides of a trapezoid are equal in length, it is called an ___________________________________________________. If all the angles of a parallelogram measure 90, it is called a ________________________________________. If all the sides of a parallelogram are the same length, it is called a ________________________________________. If the sides of a parallelogram are the same length and the angles measure 90, it is called a _______________________________________.

46

Plane Figures
The distance around a plane figure is called the __________________________ or ________________________________________. The number of square units in the interior of a plane figure is called the ________________.
Plane Figure Drawing Perimeter or Circumference Area

Triangle

Parallelogram

Rectangle

Rhombus

Square

Trapezoid

Circle

47

Solid Figures
The number of cubic units in the interior of a solid figure is called the __________________.
Solid Figure Drawing Volume Formula

Rectangular Solid

Cube

Sphere

Circular Cylinder

Cone

Square-Based Pyramid

48

You might also like