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Experiment 1: To Measure Diameter of A Scale Using Vernier Callipers

The document describes an experiment to measure the diameter of a scale using vernier callipers. The apparatus includes vernier callipers and a scale. The procedure involves determining the vernier constant, taking measurements of the main and vernier scales in different orientations, calculating the total reading, and taking the mean diameter measurement. Observations are recorded in a table. Calculations are shown to find the mean diameter, and the result states the diameter measurement with the correct unit.

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Manas Khosla
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3K views2 pages

Experiment 1: To Measure Diameter of A Scale Using Vernier Callipers

The document describes an experiment to measure the diameter of a scale using vernier callipers. The apparatus includes vernier callipers and a scale. The procedure involves determining the vernier constant, taking measurements of the main and vernier scales in different orientations, calculating the total reading, and taking the mean diameter measurement. Observations are recorded in a table. Calculations are shown to find the mean diameter, and the result states the diameter measurement with the correct unit.

Uploaded by

Manas Khosla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 1

AIM
To measure diameter of a scale using vernier callipers.

APPARATUS
Vernier callipers, a scale.

THEORY
If with the body between the jaws, the zero of vernier scale lies ahead of Nth division of main scale,
then main scale reading (M.S.R.) = N. .
If nth division of vernier scale coincides with any division of main scale, then Vernier scale reading
(VS.R.)
= n- x (L.C.) where L.C. is least count of vernier callipers.
= n x (VC.) where V.C. is vernier constant of vernier callipers
Total reading, T.R. = M.S.R. + V.S.R.= N + n x (VC.).

DIAGRAM
Vernier callipers measuring diameter of a sphere.

PROCEDURE
1. Determine the vernier constant (VC.) i.e. least count (L.C.) of the vernier callipers and record it
stepwise.
2. Bring the movable jaw BD in close contact with the fixed-jaw AC and find the zero error. Do it
three times and record them. If there is no zero error, then record 'zero error nil.
3. Open the jaws, place the sphere or cylinder between the two jaws A and B and adjust the jaw DB,
such that it gently grips the body without any undue pressure on it. Tight the screw S attached to the
vernier scale V.
4. Note the position of the zero mark of the vernier scale on the main scale. Record the main scale
reading just before the zero mark of the vernier scale. This reading (N) is called main scale reading
(M.S.R.).
5. Note the number (n) of the vernier scale division which coincides with some division of the main
scale.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 after rotating the body by 90° for measuring the diameter in a
perpendicular direction .
7. Repeat steps 3, 4, 5 and 6 for three different positions. Record the observations in each set in a
tabular form.
8. Find total reading and apply zero correction.
9. Take mean of different values of diameter and show that in the result with proper unit

OBSERVATIONS
Vernier Constant (Least Count) of the Vernier Callipers
1 M.S.D. = 1 mm , No. of V.S.D = 10
Vernier Constant, V.C..=1/10 = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm

Sr No Main scale Vernier scale Vernier scale reading Total Reading


reading (a) division p = p x L.C. = a+b in cm

CALCULATIONS
Mean diameter = cm

RESULT
The diameter of the given sphere/cylinder is ……….cm.

PRECAUTIONS
1. Motion of vernier scale on main scale should be made smooth .
2. Vernier constant and zero error should be carefully found and properly recorded.
3. The body should be gripped between the jaws firmly but gently.
4. Observations should be taken at right angles at one place and taken at least as three different
places.

SOURCES OF ERROR
1. The vernier scale may be loose on main scale.
2. The jaws may not be at right angles to the main scale.

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