ASSIGNMENT 1- COURSERA ONLINE COURSE

Department of Mechanical Engineering

FINAL YEAR-27.05.2020

Introduction to Architecting Smart IoT Devices

WEEK 1
QUIZ-1: Take this quiz after checking all resources in the Market web tour!

Question 1 Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Apollo and its LGM-30 minuteman missile are often regarded as the first real use
of an embedded system. However, the first large scale use of embedded systems in
the seventies was in actually in factory automation rather than in space: the RSX-11
family (for PDP_11 computers) is actually the first RTOS family.

Question 2 The greatest challenge(s) and concern(s) for designers or designer

teams in 2014 were...
set up the debugging process and schedule meetings.

Question 3 The top 2 IoT applications in 2015 were...

sensor-driven and cloud-connected applications

Question 4 Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Real-time capabilities seem to become less and less important nowadays.

Wireless capabilities on the other hand, are becoming increasingly important.

The number of embedded processors is likely to grow, not shrink.

Industrial control is still the biggest application area for embedded projects and is
relatively stable: around 33%. The number of IoT applications has also increased
between 2014 to 2015.

Question 5 Which of the following statements is/are false?

Only a limited number of embedded projects take less than a year to finish.
QUIZ-2: Take this quiz after checking all resources in the EmS
Characteristics web tour!

Question 1 Which of the following statements is/are correct?

A real-time system might not react within the foreseen time limit. If this late
reaction results into a catastrophe, you probably have to do with a soft or
non-real-time system designed for hard real-time purposes.
Some embedded systems have real-time performance constraints that must be
met, e.g. for safety and usability. Others may have low or no performance
requirements at all, allowing the system hardware to be simplified and cheaper.
An engine fuel injection system is an asynchronous system as the driver has to
push the button to start the car.
Real-time systems have to respect deadlines and be predictable. However, this
doesn't necessarily have anything to do with the "actual time" on our planet -
although these systems might also take actual time into consideration.

Question 2 The spectrum of a HiFi audio signal can go up to 20 KHz. This

means that the sampling frequency for digitising an audio signal is X K samples
per second. What would you fill in in place of X?
40

Question 3 Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Government off-the-shelf software is also widely available. In this case, the
government is responsible for standardisation.
Open source software, like Linux, is an example of a COTS product.
Deciding whether to use a COTS solution in your final product, versus using a
custom solution will largely depend on the Bill of Materials and the number of
production units to be made.
What differentiates COTS from custom software is that the user configurations
different: they're within the defined parameters of the commercial item, which means
that they're notthe result of customisations to the commercial item itself.

Question 4 Using COTS will reduce the time to market.

This is true except for the first projects where the time-to-market might even
increase.

Question 5 A COTS solution will help you deploy and test a prototype quickly.
In most cases this prototype does not include all functional and non-functional
required properties. Once the prototype is up and running, it's best to not
change anything anymore and reproduce the system as it is.
Don't use COTS in prototypes! It's best to make a specific production hardware
and software design
QUIZ 3: Take this quiz after checking all resources in the Parallel
Executions web tour!

Question 1 Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Parallel execution, concurrency and multithreading are related notions. In the
framework of embedded systems, concurrency and multithreading are the most
important aspects.

Question 2 An SMP architecture contains…

a tightly coupled architecture.

Question 3 A tightly coupled architecture uses the following topology to get to

shared memory:
bus

Question 4 Which of the following statements is correct? A. In a loosely

multiprocessing architecture, all processors should be the same. B. In a loosely
coupled architecture, the communication between the processors goes through
shared memory.
Both are false.

Question 5 Which of the following statements is/are correct?

In a real-time embedded system, if processor power is lacking, using a multicore
solution might immediately help.
Communication and synchronisation between threads is an important issue in a
multithreaded embedded system.
If a single threaded program in a business system takes too much time to execute,
moving to a multicore architecture might help in speeding things up.
QUIZ 4 Take this quiz after checking all resources in the Time web tour!
Question 1 Select the correct combination. A. A GPS gives the exact UTC time
on a location on earth. B. Embedded Real-Time Systems systematically use the
UTC for synchronising threads in the system.
Both are false.

Question 2 Microsemi, who acquired Symmetricom in 2013, currently

distributes the smallest atomic clock on the planet, called CSAC or Chip-scale
Atomic Clock (SA. 45S) with a maximum power consumption of only:
120 mW

Question 3 Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Many servers around the world provide NTP time. Europe has a pool of servers
reachable at europe.pool.ntp.org. North America and Russia have a pool of servers of
their own (north-america.pool.ntp.org & ru.pool.ntp.org)

Question 4: Which of the following statements is/are true?

SNTP has the same network package as NTP and they both use port 123 by
default. However, there is a difference in the way in which a system deals with the
content of these network packages.
Recent Windows machines are delivered with an NTP client software which is
by default synchronised on time.windows.com. It is wise to change this setting to a
local trusted pool that be more precise and doesn't depend on Microsoft.
The German DCF77 protocol is identical to the protocol for radio clocks in
France.
Question 5 In order to deploy PTP, you need a grandmaster clock in the system
and all switches have to be...

IEEE 1588-compliant switches

 WEEK 2
QUIZ 1 Take this quiz after checking all resources in the Abuse web tour!

Question 1 Reverse engineering means...

Clone the device or protocol
Undo or erase steps in the engineering process to set back the developers
Figure out how a device, protocol or software works for multiple purposes like
stealing IP, finding vulnerabilities etct

Question 2 If a hacker breaks a system's security wall for the sole purpose of
notifying the administrator that their system has a security defect, then this
hacker is a…
a grey hat hacker

Question 3 Which of the following statements is/are correct?

STUXNET code is now available on the internet
STUXNET used Iranian uranium enrichment factories’ internet connections to
invade the factories.
STUXNET is still around

Question 4 Which of the following statements is/are correct?

The cost of being hacked can be very high and even put small companies out of
business.
It is recognised that medical devices are a serious cyber security threat.
Examples are pacemaker attacks with ransomware.

Question 5 Select one or more statements which are false

Better laws and legal enforcement will stop hackers.
A lot of attackers try to misuse the essential key to a system or device: the password.
QUIZ 2 Take this quiz after checking all resources in the Failures web tour!

Question 1 Ariane V was failing due to (multiple correct answers possible)

Humans who couldn't handle the time pressure and who didn't go through some
important design phases of the project.
The hardware broke.

Question 2 What was the cause and origin of the Mars pathfinder priority
inversion problems? Select two.

The RTOS's default setting had no priority inversion handling.

Some pre-flight incidents were considered unimportant by the engineers

Question 3 Select all true statement(s)

None of these options are correct.

Question 4 The operating system used in the first Mars mission was
VxWorks

Question 5 Which key lesson(s) would you take away from the Therac_25
incidents?
Over-relying on software to ensure safety might be problematic.
QUIZ 3 Take this quiz after checking all resources in the Success rate web tour!

Question 1 Select the correct statement(s)

Using an agile approach as opposed to the classical waterfall model approach has
proven to be beneficial.

Question 2 The IEEE Spectrum article on "Why software fails"...

lists "unmanaged risks" as a common failure factor.

Question 3 Select one or more true answers: In the article "Risk Areas In
Embedded Software Industry Projects", Koopman writes that engineers in the
embedded arena are mostly..
people who have climbed the software learning curve independently

Question 4 Further on, Koopman observes that there are serious problems
in the development process
in the architecture

Question 5 Select all false statements some projects are using tools, but focus on
cheap tools which do not necessarily help.
Koopman further observes that a significant fraction of the problem areas end up
being technological problems instead of process problems.
QUIZ 4 Take this quiz after checking all resources in the Build or Buy web tour!

Question 1 Select all correct statements

The use of COTS software might introduce some security risks as hackers might
be capable of acquiring the same software to analyse it and find security flaws.
COTS are expected to reduce the budget and the time to market. However, we
can't underestimate the extra time and money it takes for integrating all components
and depending on vendors.

Question 2 Select the false statement(s): A COTS approach has the advantage
that...
Default settings of hardware and software components will always do.
No testing is needed and maintenance will not be needed.

Question 3 Selecting COTS products is a serious activity comparing products,

vendors, vendor support etc., which needs specific skills, knowledge and
behaviour. Select the false option(s) below.
Being aware of export regulations.
Question 4 Select the false statement(s). If you use a COTS approach then...
Requirement analysis is seriously reduced.
Integration of the components is easy.

Question 5 Select all true statements

Open source software is an interesting form of COTS. Apart from classical
COTQ advantages, it permits not only to look to the source code, but to adapt it to
some specific project needs.
COTS can be seen as a sort of reusable software and hardware as the components
are usually generalised and well tested compared to home software modules which
are incidentally reused.
QUIZ 5 Take this quiz after checking all resources in the Complexity web tour!

Question 1 The use of SLOC as a metric for system development productivity

has a disadvantage due to the lack of cohesion with functionality.

Question 2 Red Hat Linux 7.1 represents a change in size, effort and traditional
development cost over Red Hat Linux 6.2 over a one year time span of
+80%

Question 3 The are different definitions for complex systems. Which ones are
correct?
A system where the aggregated activity needs to be understood and that may
well be nonlinear.

Question 4 The Ringelmann effect was defined after a set of rope pulling test
competitions. It was discovered that:
The size of a team is in inverse ratio to its productivity.

Question 5 Social loafing or motivation loss, discovered by Harkin & Latané,

showed the significant decrease in exerted effort people make when they work in
groups compared to single work. Taking this into account together with the
Ringelmann effect leads to the conclusion that there is an optimal team size to be
efficient without too much of a structure or organisation, meaning losing
efficiency. Some people refer to this as the two-pizza-rule! The optimal team size
is...

Less than 5.
 WEEK 3
QUIZ 1 Take this quiz after checking all resources in the Lifecycle basics web
tour!

Question 1 The waterfall model is

A paradigm or approach in system development.

Question 2 Agile development is (select one or more)

focussed on communication in teams
is proven to be a little more efficient than other approaches for small projects.
using an incremental approach.

Question 3 Select all true statements.

Architectural system design is done before going into detail for each subsystem.
It produces a detailed requirement document for the subsystem, together with an
interface definition document or description explaining the interconnection if the
subsystems.

Question 4 Select all true statements. Co-design…

or participatory design is an approach to design which attempts to actively
involve all stakeholders (e.g. employees, partners, customers, citizens and users) in
the design process to help ensure that the result meets their needs and is usable.
indicates that hardware and software for embedded systems are designed
simultaneously, and that this design interacts.

Question 5 Select all correct statements.

Synopsys, Cadence and Space Codesign deliver co-design tools. There are no
open source alternatives. Small businesses should therefore focus on the available
MCU or SoC, which are supported by software components.
The 80/20 rule is often used in decision making in the development process. It is
based on Pareto's principle.
QUIZ 2 Take this quiz after checking all resources in the Architectural Design
web tour!

Question 1 Requirement gathering is a serious job which uses multiple methods

or techniques like interview, JAD sessions, prototyping, questionnaires, use
cases and others. All or some of these are needed because ...
humans are taking a lot of requirements for granted and don't express them.

Question 2 Requirements modelling are using the following (multiple statements

can be correct)
State diagrams are an often used way to partly describe what an embedded
system needs to do.

Question 3 Select all correct statements. Security requirements…

are functional requirements for systems dealing with security aspects like a
firewall device.
aren't non-functional requirements but should be considered attributes of the
(future) system

Question 4 Select all correct statements.

A requirements traceability matrix will tell one for instance which modules,
components or subsystems will fulfil specific requirements and what elements is
useless or over committed.
Being hard real-time is a non-functional requirement which is better specified as
an architectural significant requirement or ASR

Question 5 Select all statements which are incorrect.

A Multi Task Manager (Task Design Patterns) has a low reliability and high
performance compared to a Single Task Manager.
Design patterns are ready to use software modules which deal with a specific
returning feature of systems or devices.
QUIZ 3 Take this quiz after checking all resources in the Model-based Design
web tour!

Question 1 In computer science, models are logical in nature, in contrast to

differential equations. Models have a mathematical background but can be
represented in a graphical way. Different graphical representations are used for
different aspects of the system. Some specific models or model languages are
needed to represent the architectural part of a system. Examples are:
SysML,
MARTE

Question 2 Once all threads in a single device have been defined and the
architecture on how they communicate and work together is finished, then a
classical software development process starts for each individual thread. The
following modelling languages may be used for the further development:
SysML
One or more language compilers or interpreters (like Java etc.) together with an
IDE or Integrated Development Environment.

Question 3 Select all correct statements.

A CASE tool not only needs to support one or more modelling language today,
but also needs to support the lifecycle process of a project. Therefore, a project
planning tool, a documentation system and other functions are very useful additions.
In embedded (real-time) systems, unlike in business systems where data flow is
important, event flow is evenly important.

Question 4 Select all correct statements.

Eclipse becomes an IDE or Integrated Development Environment if one or
another compiler plugin with debugging facilities is in use.
The Papyrus plugin is used in Eclipse to use SysML as a modelling language.
Question 5 Select all correct statements.
Visual paradigm has a community edition, free from use in non-commercial
environments, and a license for one seat costs 1000 USD to start with. This includes
UML and SysML modelling languages.
QUIZ 4 Take this quiz after checking all resources in the SysML
Diagrams web tour!

Question 1 Select the correct statement. All figures are from the HSUV example
of OMG. A sample is available in MagicDraw with all the pictures. The
numbering is the same in OMG's PDF-file and the MagicDraw sample.
Fig. 3 establishes the structure of the User Model using Packages and Views.
MagicDraw uses the term expose relationship or dependency instead of import
relationship when it comes to relating the Views to the rest of the model.

Question 2 Select all incorrect statements.

Fig. 7 shows behaviour through a sequence diagram of the use case "drive the
vehicle". It is also mentioned in Fig. 15, the overall system block diagram as
"interaction" alike the "StartVehicleBlackBox" described in Fig. 9. In the latter,
lifelines are used in the sequence diagram such as driver and STartVehicleWhiteBox,
which is then further elaborated as a state diagram in Fig. 10.

Question 3 We are now in the Requirements section of the model.Fig 11 shows

the Requirements Hierarchy. The intention is to split up the Specifications in
categories. The decomposition process makes further development simpler.
What is correct?
Both functional and non-functional requirements are listed

Question 4 Select the incorrect statement.

Fig. 12 shows derived requirements from the lowest tier resuerements in the
specification. Other model elements will complement and refine this diagram.
Therefore, the associations "deriveReqt" and "RefinedBy" are used. By looking to
model element details of the requirements "braking" in MagicDraw, one sees it is
also used in the requirement diagram B11 and B12, and is also listed in the HSUV
Requirements Table. In this table, it is mentioned for the Braking requirement: “The
Hybrid SUV shall have the braking capability of an exceptional SUV”