cg';"rL– #

-bkmf @=* ;+u ;DalGwt_

Jofj;flos ;jf/L ;fwg aLdfn]v
-aLdssf] gfd / 7]ufgf pNn]v ug]{_
o; aLdfn]vn] /Iffj/0f ug]{ Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL la¿4 aLdf ug{sf nflu
-aLdssf] gfd pNn]v ug]{_ -o; kl5 aLds elgPsf]_ n] k|:tfj k|fKt u/]sf]
/ aLdsn] o; aLdfn]vsf] clwgdf /xg] u/L hf]lvd axg ug{ d~h'/ u/L
o; aLdfn]vsf] tflnsfdf pNn]lvt aLdfz'Ns k|fKt u/]sf]n] aLdsn] of]
aLdfn]v hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
o; aLdfn]vsf] nflu k|fKt k|:tfj kmf/fdnfO{ o; aLdfn]vsf] cfwf/ dflgg]
5 . aLdfn]vsf] tflnsfdf qmd ;+Vof pNn]v ePsf ;+nUg ;Dk'li6x¿ o;
s/f/sf] cleGg c+u dflgg] 5g\ .
kl/R5]b –!
aLdfn]vn] /Iffj/0f u/]sf] Jofj;flos ;jf/L ;fwgsf] Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL
!= aLdsn] aLldtnfO{ b]xfosf] s'g} sf/0faf6 o; aLdfn]vsf] tflnsfdf
pNn]lvt Jofj;flos ;jf/L ;fwg -o; kl5 ;jf/L ;fwg elgPsf]_ jf
;f]df hl8t kf6{k"hf{ jf b'j}sf] Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL eP jfkt Ifltk"lt{
k|bfg ug]{5M–
-s_ cfunfuL, r6\of·, ;jf/L ;fwg jf ;f]df hl8t kf6{k"hf{sf]
laikmf]6g jf :jhng,
-v_ e"sDk,
-u_ af9L÷8'afg,
-3_ klx/f]÷e":vng,
-ª_ cf“wLa]x/L, cl;gf, lxp“ jf t'iff/f],
-r_ cfsl:ds÷b'3{6gfhGo jf≈o sf/0fx¿,
-5_ ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k|of]uaf6 ePsf] x|f;sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k jf
oflGqs jf ljB'tLo cj/f]w÷c;kmntf÷6'6km'6sf] sf/0fn]
;jf/L ;fwgdf ePsf] Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL,
-h_ rf]/L, ;]+wdf/L jf gsjhgL,
-em_ ;8s, /]n, cfGtl/s hndfu{, ln6 jf Plne]6/df cf];f/–k;f/
ubf{ .

df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&# M 81

@= k|s/0f ! adf]lhdsf] s'g} sf/0faf6 ePsf] Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgLn]
ubf{ ;jf/L ;fwgsf] b]xfosf] j:t'af6 ag]sf] kf6{k"hf{x¿ km]g'{ k/]sf]
cj:yfdf b]xfo adf]lhd x|f;s§L x'g]5M–
-s_ ;Dk"0f{ lsl;dsf /a/, aDk/, alQx¿, Aof6«Lx¿, 6fo/ tyf 6\o"adf %)∞
-v_ kmfOj/ Unf;af6 ag]sf kf6{k"hf{x¿df #)∞
-u_ sf“r -Unf;_ af6 ag]sf ;fdfgx¿ / Po/ Aofu -;]G;/ ;lxt_ )∞
#= k|s/0f ! df pNn]v ePsf] s'g} sf/0faf6 ePsf] Iflt÷xflg gf]S;fgLn]
ubf{ ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k|s/0f @ df pNn]v eP eGbf afx]ssf]] kf6{k"hf{x¿
km]g'{ k/]sf] cj:yfdf b]xfo adf]lhd x|f;s§L x'g]5M–
g]kfndf btf{ ePsf] ldltb]lv u0fgf ubf{ x|f;s§Lsf] b/
;jf/L ;fwgsf]] pd]/
^ dlxgf eGbf sd ) k|ltzt
^ dlxgfb]lv ! jif{eGbf sd % k|ltzt
! jif{b]lv @ jif{eGbf sd !) k|ltzt
@ jif{b]lv # jif{eGbf sd !% k|ltzt
# jif{b]lv $ jif{eGbf sd @% k|ltzt
$ jif{b]lv % jif{eGbf sd #% k|ltzt
% jif{b]lv !) jif{eGbf sd $) k|ltzt
!) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L %) k|ltzt
$= k|s/0f ! adf]lhdsf] sf/0faf6 cf+lzs Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL ePsf]
;jf/L ;fwgsf] Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ubf{ k|s/0f @ jf # df pNn]v eP
adf]lhdsf] x|f;s§L tyf o; aLdfn]vsf] tflnsfdf pNn]v ePsf]
clgjfo{ clws tyf :j]lR5s clwssf] of]ukmn s§L u/L af“sL /sd
aLdsn] e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
%= k|s/0f !, @ / # df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
klg cj:yfdf aLdsn] e'QmfgL ug]{ 5}gM
-s_ ;jf/L ;fwgsf]] k|of]uaf6 ePsf] x|f; (Depreciation), oflGqs
jf ljB'tLo cj/f]w÷c;kmntf÷6'6km'6,
-v_ ;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gf gePsf] cj:yfdf ePsf] 6fo/÷6\o"asf]
Iflt,

82 M df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&#

 -u_ ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rf]/L gePsf] cj:yfdf ePsf] kf6{k"hf{ dfqsf]
rf]/L÷;]+wdf/L÷gsjhgL,
-3_ ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k"0f{ Iflt jf nlIft k"0f{ Iflt (Constrative
Total Loss) ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s d8uf8{ / /+u/f]ug ;DaGwL
s'/fsf] Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL,
-ª_ rfnsn] dfbskbfy{ jf nfu"kbfy{ ;]jg u/]sf] sf/0fn] ePsf]
Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL,
-r_ ;jf/L ;fwgk|lt aLldtsf] xslxt kl/jt{g jf ;dfKt ePsf]
k}+tL; -#%_ lbg kl5 ePsf] Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL .
^= k|s/0f ! df pNn]lvt s'g} sf/0faf6 ;jf/L ;fwg grNg] ePdf ;jf/L
;fwgsf]] ;'/Iffsf] nflu jf glhssf] dd{t ug]{ :yfg;Dd k'¥ofpg
nfUg]] cfjZos / jf:tljs vr{ aLdsn] Joxf]g]{ 5 . o; k|s/0f
cGtu{t aLdssf] clwstd bfloTj b]xfosf] tflnsf adf]lhd x'g]5M
ljj/0f b'3{6gf ePsf] :yfgaf6 k'¥ofpg'
kg]{ :yfg;Ddsf] b"/L
b"/L ;o -!))_ ls=dL= ;o -!))_ ls=dL=
;Dd eGbf a9L
clwstd bfloTj bz -!),)))_ xhf/ kf“r -!%,)))_ xhf/
¿k}of“ ¿k}of“
&= o; aLdfn]v cGtu{t aLdssf] bfloTj x'g ;Sg] Ifltsf] ;DaGwdf
b]xfosf zt{x¿ k"/f u/L aLldtn] ;jf/L ;fwg cfjZos dd{t u/fpg
;Sg]5M
-s_ o:tf] dd{t sfo{sf] cg'dflgt vr{ kf“r xhf/ ¿k}of“eGbf a9L
gePdf,
-v_ dd{t vr{sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tTsfn} aLdsnfO{ pknAw u/fPdf /
-u_ aLldtn] aLdsnfO{ o:tf] dd{t ug{ cfjZos ePsf] tyf ;f]
jfkt nfu]sf] vr{ dgfl;a xf] eGg] s'/f Plsg ug{ cfjZos
k|df0f ;lxt ;xof]u u/]df .
*= ;jf/L ;fwgsf]] aLdf° lgwf{/0f b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ k|To]s aLdf cjlwsf] z'¿df aLldtn] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] d"NonfO{ ;f]
aLdf cjlwsf] nflu ;jf/L ;fwgsf]] aLdf° dflgg] 5 .

df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&# M 83

 -v_ ;jf/L ;fwgsf]] ljt/s jf pTkfbsn] d"No;"rL pknAw
u/fO/x]sf]] ;jf/L ;fwgsf]] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] 3f]lift
d"No lgwf{/0f ubf{ aLldtn] k|To]s aLdf cjlwsf] z'¿df o;
aLdfn]v cGtu{t aLdf x'g] a|f08 / df]8nsf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf]] tyf
;f]df hl8t kf6{kh" f{sf] ljt/s jf pTkfbsn] pknAw u/fPsf]
d"No;"rLaf6 b]xfo adf]lhd x|f;s§L u/L 3f]lift d"No sfod ug'{
kg]5
{  .
g]kfndf btf{ ePsf] ldltb]lv u0fgf ubf{ x|f;s§Lsf] b/
;jf/L ;fwgsf]] pd]/
^ dlxgf eGbf sd ) k|ltzt
^ dlxgfb]lv ! jif{eGbf sd % k|ltzt
! jif{b]lv @ jif{eGbf sd !) k|ltzt
@ jif{b]lv # jif{eGbf sd !% k|ltzt
# jif{b]lv $ jif{eGbf sd @% k|ltzt
$ jif{b]lv % jif{eGbf sd #% k|ltzt
% jif{b]lv !) jif{eGbf sd $) k|ltzt
!) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L %) k|ltzt
-u_ ;jf/L ;fwgsf]] ljt/s jf pTkfbsn] d"No;"rL pknAw u/fpg
5f]8]sf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf]] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] 3f]lift d"No
lgwf{/0f ubf{ k|To]s aLdf cjlwsf] z'¿df aLldt / aLdssf]
cfk;L ;xdltaf6 to ug'{ kg]{5 .
-3_ Pp6f aLdf cjlwsf] nflu pQm cjlwsf] z'¿df v08 -v_ jf -u_
adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ePsf] 3f]lift d"NonfO{ g} ;jf/L ;fwgsf]] ahf/
d"No dflgg] 5 / ;f] cjlw leqsf] k"0f{ Iflt jf nlIft k"0f{ Iflt
(Constructive Total Loss) bfjLdf yk x|f;s§L ul/g] 5}g .
-ª_ k|s/0f ! adf]lhdsf] sf/0faf6 Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL ePsf] ;jf/L
;fwgsf]] dd{t ug{ nfUg] vr{ 3f]lift d"Nosf] krxQ/ k|ltzt
eGbf a9L x'g] ePdf nlIft k"0f{ Iflt ePsf] dflgg] 5 .
(= k|s/0f ! adf]lhdsf] sf/0faf6 k"0f{ Iflt jf nlIft k"0f{ Iflt ePsf]
;jf/L ;fwgsf] Ifltk"lt{ aLdsn] e'QmfgL lbg]5 . o:tf] e'QmfgL k|bfg
ubf{ clgjfo{ clws jf :j]lR5s clws s§L ul/g] 5}g . ;e{]o/sf]
l;kmfl/;df aLds / aLldtsf] lnlvt ;xdtLaf6 /2L (Salvage) sf]
d"No sfod ul/g]5 .
84 M df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&#
 kl/R5]b –@
t]>f] kIf k|ltsf] bfloTj
!= aLdsn] aLdfn]vdf pNn]lvt clwstd bfloTjsf] ;Ldfsf] cwLgdf /xL
;jf/L ;fwg jf ;f]sf] k|of]uaf6 ePsf] b'3{6gfsf] sf/0faf6 aLldtnfO{
b]xfosf] cj:yfdf kg{ ;Sg] bfloTj jfktsf vr{x¿ ;d]tsf]] e'QmfgL
ug]{5 M
-s_ t]>f] kIfsf] d[To' ePsf], c+ue+u ePsf], zf/Ll/s rf]6k6s
nfUg uPsf] cj:yfdf,
-v_ aLldtsf] ;jf/L ;fwgdf 9'jfgL/t\ jf aLldtsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf]
jf aLldtnfO{ ljZjf;;fy /fVg lbPsf] jf aLldtsf] lhDdfdf
jf aLldtsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] ;DklQsf] Iflt afx]s cGo t]>f]
kIfsf] ;DklQsf] Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL ePsf] cj:yfdf .
@= aLdsn] lnlvt :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{x¿sf] e'QmfgL
lbg]5 .
#= o; kl/R5]b cGtu{t aLldtnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] bfloTjsf] ;Ldf tyf
zt{x¿ cg'¿k aLdsn] b]xfosf] cj:yfdf aLldtsf] ;fwf/0f hfgsf/L
jf ;xdtLn] ;jf/L ;fwgsf]] rnfO/x]sf] rfnssf] bfloTjsf] klg
Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ug]{5 M
-s_ rfns s'g} cGo aLdfn]v cGtu{t Ifltk"lt{sf] nflu xsbf/
gePdf,
-v_ rfnsn] aLldtn] h:t} o; aLdfn]v cGtu{t nfu" x'g ;Sg];Ddsf]
zAbsf] dd{, ckjfb / zt{x¿ cg'¿k sfd u/]df .
$= aLdsn] rfx]df o; kl/R5]b cGtu{t bfjL kg{ ;Sg] s'g} d[To' jf
c+ue+u jf zf/Ll/s rf]6k6s jf s'g} ;DklQsf] Ifltsf] ;DaGwdf
cg';Gwfg jf ;f]wk'5sf] nflu k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 ;fy}
o; kl/R5]b cGtu{t bfjL kg{ ;Sg] vfnsf] s'g} sfo{ jf sf/afxLaf6
;[lht jf ;DalGwt s'g} 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf cbfntdf k|lt/Iffsf] nflu
sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
%= o; kl/R5]b cGtu{t bfjL kg{ ;Sg] s'g} t]>f] kIfsf] d[To' ePsf]
c+ue+u ePsf] zf/Ll/s rf]6k6s nfu]sf] ;DaGwdf o; aLdfn]vdf
tf]lsPsf] bfloTjsf] ;Ldf tyf zt{ cg'¿k aLldtn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{ o:tf]
bfloTjsf] e'QmfgL lgh jf lghsf] d[To' ePsf] cj:yfdf d[tssf]]
glhssf] xsjfnfnfO{ aLdsn] k|bfg ug]{5 . To:tf] xsjfnfn] aLldt
;/x o; aLdfn]vsf zt{x¿ kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .

df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&# M 85

^= o; aLdfn]vsf] s'g} k|fjwfg jf aGb]hn] ;jf/L tyf oftfoft ;DaGwL
k|rlnt sfg"g cGtu{t Joj:yf ul/Psf] Ifltk"lt{ /sd k|fKt ug]{ s'g}
JolQmsf] clwsf/df k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ 5}g .
&= ;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gfaf6 b]xfo adf]lhd ePsf] cj:yfdf b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ /sd aLdsn] e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
-s_ rf]6k6s jf c+ue+u ePdfM t]>f] kIfnfO{ rf]6k6s nfu]df,
c+ue+u ePdf jf cf}ifwf]krf/ vr{ ePdf lrlsT;ssf] k|ltj]bgsf]
cfwf/df clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] k|dfl0ft u/]sf]
b]xfosf] cj:yfdf aLdsn] k|lt JolQm b]xfo adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{
k|bfg ug]{5M
Ifltsf] ljj/0f Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd -¿=_
k"0f{ :yfoL czQmtf ePdf kf“r nfv
lgsf] gx'g] u/L b'j} cf“vfsf] b[li6 Iflt ePdf kf“r nfv
b'j} xftsf] gf8L jf b'j} v'§fsf] uf]nL uf“7f]sf] kf“r nfv
hf]gL{ jf ;f]eGbf dfly b]lv zf/Ll/s ¿kn]
sfd gnfUg] ePdf
Pp6f xftsf] gf8L jf Pp6f v'§fsf] uf]nL kf“r nfv
uf“7f]sf] hf]gL{ jf ;f]eGbf dfly b]lv / Pp6f
cf“vfsf] b[li6 k"0f{¿kn] Iflt ePdf
Pp6f cf“vfsf] b[li6 k"0f{¿kn] Iflt ePdf b'O{ nfv krf; xhf/
Pp6f xftsf] gf8L jf Pp6f v'§fsf] uf]nL b'O{ nfv krf; xhf/
uf“7f]sf] hf]gL{ jf ;f]eGbf dflyb]lv zf/Ll/s
¿kn] sfd gnfUg] u/L Iflt ePdf
cGo s'g} c+ue+u ePdf -zf/Ll/s Ifltsf] zf/Ll/s Ifltsf]
;DalGwt ljz]if1n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] dfqfsf] ;dfg'kflts x'g] u/L
cfwf/df_ kf“r nfvsf] k|ltzt
;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gfsf] k|ToIf tyf Ps dfq tLg nfvsf] xbdf
kl/0ffd :j¿k ePsf] cf}ifwf]krf/ vr{ ga9\g] u/L cfjZos
tyf jf:tljs vr{

86 M df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&#

 dfly pNn]lvt Ifltx¿dWo] Ps eGbf a9L Iflt ePdf aLdssf]
bfloTj kf“r nfv ¿k}of“df ga9\g] u/L k|To]s Ifltsf] nflu
lgwf{l/t /sdsf] of]ukmn a/fa/ x'g]5 .
-v_ s'¿jf vr{M ;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gfaf6 t]>f] kIf 3fOt] eO{
pkrf/sf] nflu c:ktfndf egf{ ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To:tf]
cjlwsf] nflu k|lt lbg kf“r ;o ¿k}of“sf] b/n] a9Ldf k+}tfnL;
-$%_ lbg;Ddsf] s'¿jf vr{ cf}ifwf]krf/ vr{sf] ;Ldf leq /xL
aLdsn] e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
-u_ PDa'n]G; vr{M b'3{6gf:ynaf6 jf k|f/lDes lrlsT;f c:ktfnaf6
csf]{ c:ktfndf n}hfg' kg]{ ePdf ¿= !),))).– -bz xhf/
¿k}of“_ jf jf:tljs vr{ h'g sd x'G5 ;DalGwt PDa'n]G;sf]
aLnsf] e'QmfgL lbOg]5 / o:tf] vr{ cf}ifwf]krf/sf] ;Ldf leq
/xg]5 .
-3_ s[of vr{M ;jf/L ;fwgsf] uNtL ePsf] jf gePsf] h'g;'s}
cj:yfdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtfdf /x]sf] b'36{ gfaf6
s'g} t]>f] kIfsf] d[To' ePdf s[of vr{ jfkt k|lt d[ts krf;
xhf/ ¿k}of“ -aLdssf] s'n k|lt d[ts bfloTj kf“r nfv ¿k}of“sf]
;Ldf leq /xL_ aLdsn] tTsfn e'QmfgL lbg]5 . o:tf] vr{ jfkt
e'QmfgLstf{÷oftfoft Joj;foLsf] tkm{af6 tTsfn ;DalGwt t]>f]
kIf bfjLstf{nfO{ e'QmfgL lbPsf] ca:yfdf e'QmfgLstf{÷oftfoft
Joj;foLn] ;f] e'QmfgL lbPsf] lg:;f÷/l;b k]z u/] kl5
aLdsn] d[To' bfjL e'QmfgL ubf{ ;f] s[of vr{ 36fO{ af“sL /sd
bfjLstf{nfO{ d[To' bfjL e'Qmfg ug{' kg{5
] / s[of vr{sf] /sd ;f]
e'QmfgLstf{÷oftfoft Joj;foLnfO{ ;f]w egf{ lbg' kg{5]  .
-ª_ d[To' ePdfM ;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gfdf t]>f] kIfsf] b'3{6gfaf6
d[To' ePsf] Aoxf]/f sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfo jf
clwsf/Laf6 k|dfl0ft ePsf] cj:yfdf s[of vr{ ;d]t k|lt
d[ts hDdf kf“r nfv ¿k}of“sf] b/n] aLdsn] e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
o;sf] cltl/Qm ;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gfaf6 3fOt] eO{ cf}ifwf]krf/
ubf{ub}{ To:tf] JolQmsf]] d[To' ePdf k|lt d[ts tLg -#_ nfv
¿k}of“sf] xbdf ga9\g] u/L cfjZos tyf jf:tljs cf}ifwf]krf/
vr{ ;d]t aLdsn] e'QmfgL lbg]5 .

df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&# M 87

 :kli6s/0fM
aLldtn] yk aLdfz'Ns e'QmfgL u/L rfns tyf ofqLsf] aLdf° yk
u/L aLdfn]v hf/L ug{ cg'/f]w u/] adf]lhd aLdsn] aLdf° a9fPsf]
cj:yfdf ;f]xL aLdfn]vdf pNn]v ePsf] aLdf°sf] cfwf/ adf]lhd
aLdsn] bfjL e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
*= ;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gfaf6 b]xfo adf]lhd ePsf] cj:yfdf b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{sf] clwstd ;Ldf k|lt b'3{6gf b]xfo adf]lhd
 
x'g]5M
qm=;+= ;jf/L ;fwgsf] t]>f] kIf dfgj t]>f] kIf ;DklQ
juL{s/0f Ifltsf] clwstd Ifltsf] clwstd
bfloTj ¿k}of“df bfloTj ¿k}of“df
! Joj;flos ;jf/L ;fwg %) nfv %) nfv
(= ;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gfaf6 t]>f] kIfsf] ;DklQsf] gf]S;fgL ePdf
aLdfn]vsf] zt{sf] clwgdf /xL aLdsn] Ifltk"lt{ /sd e'QmfgL lbg]5 .
o;/L e'QmfgL k|bfg ubf{ x|f;s§L ul/g] 5}g .
!)= o; kl/R5]b cGtu{t PseGbf a9L JolQm jf ;DklQx¿sf] Iflt
ePsf] s'g} b'3{6gfsf] Ifltk"lt{sf] ;DaGwdf k|s/0f * df tf]lsPsf]
bfloTjsf] ;Ldf / o; aLdfn]vsf] zt{ tyf ;Dk'li6sf] clwgdf /xL
aLldtn] tf]lslbPsf] k|fyldstf adf]lhd aLdsn] Ifltk"lt{ /sd e'Qmfg
ug]{5 .
!!= aLdfn]vdf pNn]lvt cGo ckjfb, zt{ / ;Ldfx¿ oyfjt /xg] 5g\ .

kl/R5]b– #
lalu|Psf] cGo ;jf/L ;fwg tfGbfsf] Ifltk"lt{sf] ;Ldf
o; aLdfn]vn] /Iffj/0f u/]sf] ;jf/L ;fwgn] cGo lalu|Psf] ;jf/L ;fwg
tfgL Nofp“bf÷To:tf] tfGg] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf o; aLdfn]vn] /Iffj/0f
u/]sf] ;jf/L ;fwg xflg–gf]S;fgL x'g uPdf o; aLdfn]vsf] zt{ tyf
;Ldfsf] cwLgdf /xL ;f]sf] Ifltk"lt{sf] nflu aLds pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .
t/– -!_ To:tf] tfGg] sfd ef8f glnO{ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ To;/L tflgPsf] ;jf/L ;fwg jf ;f]df /x]sf dfn;fdfgsf] Ifltsf]
;DaGwdf aLds pQ/bfoL x'g] 5}g .

88 M df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&#

 kl/R5]b– $
bfjL gu/]sf] cj:yfdf x'g] 5"6
!= o; aLdfn]v cGtu{t s'g} aLdf bfjL gu/]sf] cj:yfdf aLdfn]v gaLs/0f
u/fp“bf aLdsn] gaLs/0f aLdfz'Ns -hf]lvd ;d"x / JolQmut b'3{6gf
;DaGwL aLdf afx]s_ df b]xfo adf]lhdsf] 5"6 lbg]5M
aLdf bfjL gu/]sf] cjlw 5"6
gaLs/0f ug'{ eGbf cufl8sf] Ps jif{ kGw| k|ltzt
gaLs/0f ug'{ eGbf cufl8sf nuftf/ b'O{ kRrL; k|ltzt
jif{x¿
gaLs/0f ug'{ eGbf cufl8sf nuftf/ tLg tL; k|ltzt
jf ;f]eGbf a9L jif{x¿
@= bfjL gu/]df 5"6 cg';"rL–@) df pNn]v ePsf] dfg -:s]n_ adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
#= bfjL k/]sf] cj:yfdf 5"6 Psd'i6 ¿kdf k|efjsf/L x'g] 5}g . bfjL
k/]sf] jif{nfO{ u0fgf gu/L olb k'/fgf] bfjL gk/]sf] jif{sf] aLdfn]v
gaLs/0f ubf{ kfPsf] bfjL gu/] jfktsf] 5"6 bfjL gePsf] cjlwnfO{
sfod /fvL bfjL /lxt 5"6 lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu oyfjt sfod /fVg'
kg]{5 . bfjL ePsf] jif{{nfO{ 5f8L bfjL gePsf] cjlw kl5sf] gaLs/0f
cjlwaf6 To:tf] 5"6 k'gM z'¿ x'g]5 .
t/ k"0f{ Iflt (Total Loss) jf /rgfTds k"0f{ Iflt (Constructive Total Loss)
eO{ bfjL e'QmfgL ePsf] cj:yfdf pNn]lvt 5"6 aLldtn] kfpg] 5}g .
$= o:tf] 5"6 aLdfn]vsf] cfwf/df geO{ d"n aLldtsf] bfjL geP jfktsf]
kfpg] 5"6sf] cfwf/df x'g]5 . aLdfn]vdf /x]sf] Pp6f aLldtsf]
aLdfof]Uo lxt csf]{ aLldtdf x:tfGt/0f ePdf gof“ aLldtsf]
aLdfof]Uolxt z'¿ ePsf] cjlwaf6 To:tf] 5"6 k|f/De x'g]5 .
%= ;fljssf] aLldtsf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] :jfldTj kl/jt{g ePsf] ldltn] tLg
;o k};+ ¶L -#^%_ lbg leqdf Ps} juL{s/0fsf] ;jf/L ;fwg vl/b u/L
aLdf ug{ cfPdf b'36{ gf gePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]df k'/fgf] aLdfn]vdf -:jb]zL
jf ljb]zL aLdsaf6 hf/L ePsf]_ k|bfg u/];Ddsf] t/ o; lgb{l] zsfdf
tf]lsPsf] clwstd ;Ldf leq bfjL gu/] jfktsf] 5"6 lbg' kg]5 {  .

df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&# M 89

^= aLdfof]Uolxt x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] ldltaf6 tLg ;o k}+;¶L -#^%_ lbg
eGbf sd cjlw leq gof“ aLldtn] aLdfn]v gaLs/0f u/]df pkbkmf
-#_ adf]lhdsf] 5"6 lbg' kg]{5 .
&= aLldtn] cfgf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] aLdf s'g} Ps aLdsaf6 csf]{ aLdsnfO{
x:tfGt/0f u/]df k'/fgf] aLdsaf6 kfO cfPsf] 5"6sf] b/ cg'¿k gof“
aLdsaf6 lghnfO{ 5"6 lbg' kg]{5 .
*= gof“ aLdfn]v jfkt aLldtn] k'/fgf] aLds -:jb]zL jf ljb]zL_ af6
bfjL geP jfkt kfpg] 5"6sf] nflu gaLs/0fsf] nflu lbOg] ;"rgf jf
k'/fgf] aLdsaf6 5"6sf] lglZrt k|ltzt v'n]sf] kq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
;a} aLdsx¿n] aLldtx¿nfO{ clgjfo{ ¿kdf bfjL geP jfkt kfpg]
5"6sf] k|ltzt ;d]t v'n]sf] gaLs/0f ;"rgf jf k|df0fkq pknAw
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
(= aLdf cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] aLdfn]v gaLs/0f ug'{ kg]{
ldltaf6 k}+tL; -#%_ lbg leq gaLs/0f u/]sf] cj:yfdf bfjL gu/]df
kfpg] 5"6 ;'lawf nfu" x'g]5 . gof“ aLdfn]vdf nfu" x'g] 5"6sf] b/
cl3Nnf] k"/f jif{sf] aLdfn]vn] cfh{g u/] cg';f/ x'g]5 .
!)= bfjL gu/] jfkt 5"6 kfpg ;Sg] aLldtn] lghsf] aLdfn]v 5f]6f]
cjlwsf] nflu gaLs/0f u/]df jf afx| dlxgfsf] nflu aLdfn]v
gaLs/0f u/fPkl5 aLrdf g} 5f]6f] cjlwdf ;f]] aLdfn]v /2 ug{
cg'/f]w u/]df aLldtnfO{ lbg'kg]{ bfjL gu/] jfktsf] 5"6sf] u0fgf
;dfg'kflts lx;fan] ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!= of] lgb]{lzsfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s aLdf c6'6 ¿kdf eP
dfq 5"6 lbg' kg]{5 .
!@= ;jf/L ;fwgsf] :jfldTj ;+:yfaf6 sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf gfd;f/L ePsf]
cj:yfdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] ;d]t bfjL gu/] jfktsf] 5"6 kfpg] 5 .
t/, To:tf] ;jf/L ;fwg ;f]xL sd{rf/Ln] dfq k|of]u ug]{ u/L ;+:yf /
To:tf] sd{rf/L aLr ;D´f}tf ePsf] k|df0f ;lxt aLdf ul/Psf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
!#= aLldtsf] d[To' eO{ lghsf] sfg"gL xsjfnfsf] gfddf ;jf/L ;fwg
gfd;f/L ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] xsjfnfn] ;d]t bfjL geP jfktsf]
5"6 kfpg] 5 .

90 M df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&#

!$= Pp6} aLdfn]v cGtu{t aLdfn]vsf] tflnsfdf ljleGg ;jf/L
;fwgx¿nfO{ /Iffj/0f ul/Psf] eP tfklg bfjL jfktsf] 5"6sf] nflu
k|To]s ;jf/L ;fwg 5'§f5'§} aLdf eP ;/x dflgg] 5 .
!%= bfjL gu/]df k|fKt x'g] 5"6 Aofks aLdfn]vdf dfq nfu" x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b – %
ckjfbx¿
-o; aLdfn]vsf] ;a} kl/R5]bx¿sf] nflu_
!= o; aLdfn]v cGtu{t b]xfosf] cj:yfdf aLdssf] bfloTj /xg] 5}gM
-s_ o; aLdfn]vsf] tflnsfdf pNn]lvt ef}uf]lns If]qeGbf aflx/
ePsf] jf 36]sf] s'g} b'3{6gf, xflg–gf]S;fgL, Iflt jf bfloTj,
-v_ cGo s'g} s/f/ cGtu{t >[hgf ePsf] bfjL,
-u_ ;jf/L ;fwg rf]/L ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s aLdfn]vsf] tflnsfdf
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] rfns eGbf km/s JolQmn] ;jf/L ;fwg
xf“s]sf] cj:yfdf ePsf] jf 36]sf] b'3{6gf, xflg–gf]S;fgL, Iflt
jf bfloTj,
-3_ cf0fljs ljls/0f jf cf0fljs OGwgsf] Hjng kl5 z]if /x]sf]
a]sDdf kbfy{af6 lg:sg] /]l8of]wld{tf -:jtM hf/L /xg] c0f'sf]
ljR5]bgsf] Hjng ;d]t_ sf] ;lqmotfsf] ;+;u{af6 k|ToIf jf
ck|ToIf ¿kn] x'g] s'g} xflg–gf]S;fgL,
-ª_ cf0fljs xft–xltof/af6 p7]sf] jf ;f];+u k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf
¿kdf ;+nUg /x]sf] sf/0faf6 ePsf] jf 36]sf] b'3{6gf,
Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL jf >[lht bfloTj,
-r_ Hjfnfd'vL lj:kmf]6g, ljb]zL zq'tfk"0f{ sfo{, b'ZdgL jf n8fO{
h:tf] sfo{ -n8fO{sf] 3f]if0ff x'g' cufl8 jf k5fl8_, u[xo'4,
;}lgs lab|f]x, ;}lgs zf;g jf pNn]lvt 36gfx¿sf] k|ToIf
kl/0ffd;+u k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf, glhs jf 6f9fsf] sf/0faf6
ePsf] jf ;f+s]lts ¿kdf pTkGg ePsf] jf ;+nUg /x]sf] s'g}
b'3{6gf, Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL jf bfloTj .
@= o; aLdfn]vn] /Iffj/0f u/]sf] ;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gfsf] kl/0ffd :j¿k
>[hgf ePsf] Iflt (Consequential Loss) k|lt aLdssf] s'g} bfloTj
/xg] 5}g .
df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&# M 91
#= tf]lsPsf] yk aLdfz'Ns aLldtn] e'QmfgL u/]sf] cfwf/df aLdsn]
o; aLdfn]vsf] lj:tf/sf] ¿kdf x"nb+uf, x8\tfn, å]ifk"0f{ sfo{ tyf
cft+ssf/L÷ljWj+zsf/L sfo{ ;DaGwL ;Dk'li6x¿ hf/L gu/];Dd
x"nb+uf, x8\tfn, å]ifk"0f{ sfo{ jf cft+ssf/L÷laWj+zsf/L sfo{af6
ePsf] jf 36]sf] b'3{6gf, Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL jf bfloTj aLdsn]
Joxf]g]{ 5}g .

kl/R5]b – ^
zt{x¿
!= o; aLdfn]vsf] s'g} efudf k|of]u x'g] ljz]if cy{ ;lxtsf] zAb jf
jfSof++zsf] cy{ hxf“ h'g cj:yfdf k|of]u x'G5 ToxL dfGo x'g]5 .
@= o; aLdfn]v cGtu{t bfjL of]Uo s'g} b'3{6gf jf Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL
ePdf ;f]sf] ;"rgf lnlvt ¿kdf cljnDa aLdsnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . To:tf]
b'3{6gf af/] aLldtn] aLdsnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L tyf
;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] b'3{6gf;+u ;DalGwt kq, bfjL,
Dofb, ;df≈jfg -l/6_ jf k|lqmof ;DaGwL hfgsf/L cflb aLldtnfO{
k|fKt x'g] lalQs} aLdsnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
o; aLdfn]v cGtu{t bfjL ug{ ;lsg] s'g} d'2f dfldnf, cg';Gwfg jf
3fpm÷rf]]6k6s (Fatal Injury) sf] hf“ra'´ ;DaGwdf aLldtnfO{ s'g}
hfgsf/L ePdf t'¿Gt aLdsnfO{ lnlvt hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . o;
aLdfn]v cGtu{t bfjL ug{ ;lsg] s'g} rf]/L jf cGo kmf}}hbf/L s;'/sf]]
;DaGwdf aLldtn] aLds tyf k|x/LnfO{ t'¿Gt ;"rgf ug'{ kg]{5 /
ck/fwL kQf nufpg ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
#= aLdssf] lnlvt cg'dlt glnO{ aLldt jf aLldtsf] tkm{af6 s'g} klg
JolQmn] o; aLdfn]v cGtu{tsf] bfjL ;DaGwdf s'g} k|:tfj /fVg,
k|lt1f ug{, e'QmfgL lng÷lbg jf 5"6 lbg ;Sg] 5}g . aLdsn] bfjLsf
;DaGwdf aLldtsf] tkm{af6 bfjL e'QmfgL ug{, ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{,
k|lt/Iff ug{, sf/jfxL rnfpg jf ax; k}/jL ug{ rfx]df aLds k"0f{
:jtGq /xg] 5 / aLldtn] o; ;DaGwL ;a} ;"rgf / ;xof]u aLdsn]
dfu] adf]lhd k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
$= aLdssf] /f]hfO cg';f/ ;jf/L ;fwg jf ;f]df hl8t kf6{k"hf{ jf
o;sf] s'g} efu jf kf6{k"hf{sf] dd{t, abnL jf gof“ egf{ lbg jf
Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL a/fa/sf] gub /sd e'Qmfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

92 M df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&#

%= aLldtn] ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL x'gaf6 ;'/lIft /fVg
/ 7Ls cj:yfdf sfod /fVg ;Dk"0f{ dgfl;a sbd ckgfpg' kg]{5 .
;jf/L ;fwg jf ;f]sf] s'g} kf6{k"hf{ jf rfns jf aLldtsf] s'g}
sfdbf/sf] ljifodf hf“r ug{] clwsf/ aLdsnfO{ ;b}j /xg] 5 .
aLldtn] b'3{6gf jf Iflt ePsf] cj:yfdf ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ yk
Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL x'gaf6 hf]ufpg cfjZos tyf plrt x]/rfx /
;'/Iffsf] pkfo ckgfpg' kg]{5 . b'3{6gf ePsf] ;jf/L ;fwg cfjZos
dd{t gu/L rnfPsf] kl/0ffd :j¿k ;jf/L ;fwgdf ePsf] yk Ifltsf]
nflu aLldt :jo+ lhDd]jf/ x'g]5 .
^= aLdsn] aLldtsf] clGtd 7]ufgfdf x'nfsaf6 /lhi6«L u/L k7fPsf]
kGw| -!%_ lbgsf] ;"rgfåf/f of] aLdfn]v vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 / o;
cj:yfdf aLdsn] aLldtnfO{ of] aLdfn]v vf/]h ePsf] ldltn] af“sL
cjlwsf] ;dfg'kflts aLdfz'Ns lkmtf{ ug]{5 .
&= aLldtsf] cg'/f]wdf s'g} klg ;dodf aLdfn]v /2 ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;
cj:yfdf aLdfn]v sfod /x]sf] cjlwsf] lgldQ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] 5f]6f]
cjlwsf] b/n] x'g cfpg] aLdfz'Ns /sd s§L u/L af“sL aLdfz'Ns
aLdsn] lkmtf{ ug]{5 .
cjlw jflif{s aLdfz'Nssf] k|ltzt
-s_ Ps xKtf;Dd bz k|ltzt
-v_ Ps dlxgf;Dd aL; k|ltzt
-u_ b'O{ dlxgf;Dd tL; k|ltzt
-3_ tLg dlxgf;Dd rfnL; k|ltzt
-ª_ rf/ dlxgf;Dd krf; k|ltzt
-r_ kf“r dlxgf;Dd ;f¶L k|ltzt
-5_ 5 dlxgf;Dd ;Q/L k|ltzt
-h_ ;ft dlxgf;Dd c:;L k|ltzt
-em_ cf7 dlxgf;Dd gAa] k|ltzt
-`_ cf7 dlxgf eGbf a9Lsf] nflu zt k|ltzt
t/ aLdfz'Ns lkmtf{ x'g] k|of]hgsf] nflu aLdfn]v jxfn /x]sf] cjlwe/
s'g} bfjL gePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
*= o; aLdfn]vn] /Iffj/0f u/]sf] Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL÷bfloTjsf]
nflu aLldtn] cGo k|rlnt aLdfaf6 bfjL e'QmfgL kfpg] cj:yfdf
Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL÷bfloTjsf] Ifltk"lt{ /sd jf cGo vr{sf]
;dfg'kflts d"NoeGbf a9L e'Qmfg ug{ aLds afWo x'g] 5}g .

df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&# M 93

(= ;jf/L ;fwgsf] Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL ePsf] cj:yfdf aLldt jf c¿
s'g} JolQmn] ;f]xL ;jf/L ;fwg c¿ aLds;+u klg aLdf u/fPsf]
/x]5 eg] aLdsn] ;f] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] nflu Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgLsf]
;dfg'kflts ¿kn] lbg'kg]{ Ifltk"lt{ eGbf a9L lbg] 5}g .
!)= o; aLdfn]vsf] tflnsfdf aLdf cjlw ;dfKt x'g] egL pNn]v ePsf]
ldltdf :yfgLo ;do cg';f/ /ftsf] afx| ah] o; aLdfn]vsf] cjlw
;dfKt x'g]5 .
!!= o; aLdfn]v cGtu{t hf]lvd axg ug{ z'¿ u/]sf] ldlt / ;do
aLdfn]vsf] tflnsfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!@= ;jf/L ;fwgsf] af/]df aLldtn] d"ne"t ljj/0f lb+bf em'¶f ljj/0f lbPdf
jf hf]lvd cg'dfg ug{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ jf:tljstf n'sfO{ em'¶f
ljj/0f pNn]v u/]df jf jf:tljstfsf] pNn]v ubf{ s'g} j:t'ut tYo
5"6 x'g uPdf jf aLldtaf6 o; aLdfn]vsf] s'g} klg zt{ kfngf
gePdf o; aLdfn]v cGtu{t aLdsn] bfjL e'QmfgL ug]{ 5}g .
!#= ;jf/L ;fwgsf] :jfldTj kl/jt{g ePdf To:tf] :jfldTj kl/jt{g ePsf]
ldltaf6 k}+tL; -#%_ lbg leq ;jf/L ;fwgsf] gof“ wgLn] ;DalGwt
hf]lvdsf] aLdf gu/]df of] aLdfn]v :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 . ;jf/L
;fwgsf] :jfldTjdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] sf/0fn] aLdfn]v lgliqmo eP
tfklg ofqL, rfns, kl/rfns, x]Nk/, ;'/IffsdL{, cGo aLldt sd{rf/L
tyf t]>f] kIf k|ltsf] bfloTjsf] nflu af“sL aLdf cjlwe/ aLdf ;'/Iff
sfod} /x]sf] dflgg] 5 / ;f]xL adf]lhd aLdsn] bfjL e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
!$= aLldtn] ;jf/L ;fwg laqmL u/]sf] ldltn] k+}tL; -#%_ lbg leq
aLdsnfO{ To;sf] lnlvt ;"rgf lbPdf aLdsn] b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]
u/L ;jf/L ;fwgsf] gof“ wgLsf] gfddf of] aLdfn]v gfd;f/L ul/lbg
;Sg]5 .
-s_ aLdfn]v gfd;f/Lsf] nflu ;jf/L ;fwgsf] gof“ wgLn] oyflz3|
aLdf k|:tfj kmf/fd eg'{ kg]{5 / aLdsn] ;Dk'li6 hf/L u/L
aLdfn]v gfd;f/L ul/lbg ;Sg]5 .
-v_ aLldtn]] bfjL gu/] jfkt kfpg] 5"6 kfPsf]df ;f] 5"6 ;jf/L
;fwgsf] gof“ wgLn] kfpg] 5}g .
-u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd pQ/flwsf/Ldf :jfldTj :jtM x:tfGt/0f eO{
cfPsf] cj:yfdf of] aLdfn]v :jtM x:tfGt/0f ePsf] dflgg]5 .

94 M df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&#

!%= aLdssf] tkm{af6 ;xL 5fk ePsf] /l;b hf/L geP;Dd aLdfz'Ns
e'Qmfg ePsf]] dflgg] 5}g .
!^= aLldt jf lghsf] tkm{af6 clwsf/ k|fKt JolQmn] cfjZos /Lt
gk'¥ofPdf jf of] aLdfn]v cGtu{tsf] s'g} clwsf/ k|of]u ug{df afwf
k'¥ofPdf of] aLdfn]v cGtu{tsf] ;a} nfeaf6 aLldt jl~rt x'g]5 .
!&= s'g} bfjL hfn;fhLk"0f{ ePdf jf bfjLsf] l;nl;nfdf em'¶f aofg lbO{
aLldtn] jf lghsf] tkm{af6 sfd ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt s'g} JolQmn]
of] aLdfn]v cGtu{t s'g} cg'lrt nfe p7fpg vf]h]df jf hfgL
hfgL aLldt–aLldt jf cGo s'g} JolQmsf] ldn]dtf]df s'g} Iflt÷xflg–
gf]S;fgLsf] 36gf 36fPdf aLldt of] aLdfn]v cGtu{tsf] ;a} nfeaf6
jl~rt x'g]5 .
!*= of] aLdfn]v cGtu{t Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgLsf] bfjL aLdsaf6 c:jLsf/
ePsf] tLg dlxgf leq s'g} gfln; ph"/ gu/]df jf aLdf P]g, @)$(
adf]lhd aLdf ;ldltn] aLdssf] kIfdf lg0f{o lbPsf] ldltn] k|rlnt
sfg"gsf] Dofb leq k"g/fj]bg cbfntdf gfln;÷ph'/ gu/]df aLldt
of] aLdfn]v cGtu{tsf] ;a} nfeaf6 jl~rt x'g]5 .
!(= aLldtn] o; aLdfn]v cGtu{t Ifltk"lt{sf] e'QmfgL k|fKt ubf{ ;f]
Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgLsf] cGo s'g} kIfaf6 Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]
/x]5 eg] To:tf] Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ aLdsnfO{ ;'lDkg' kg]{5 .
aLdsaf6 Ifltk"lt{ kfpg' cufj} jf kl5 h'g;'s} avt klg aLdsn]
dgfl;j / cfjZos b]v]sf] sfd sf/afxL aLdssf] vr{df aLldtn]
ug'{ kg]{5 jf ;f] ug{ aLdsnfO{ cg'dlt lbg' kg{]5 .
@)= bfjL e'QmfgL k|s[ofdf /x]sf] jf d'NtjL /x]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s
Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf kl5 aLds s'g} klg
Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgLsf] nflu pQ/bfoL x'g] 5}g .
@!= of] aLdfn]vsf zt{x¿ adf]lhd aLdsnfO{ lbOg] k|To]s ;"rgf tyf
cGo n]vfk9L lnlvt jf d'lb|t x'g' kg]{5 .
@@= of] aLdfn]v cGtu{t k/]sf] bfjL Plsg ug{ cfjZos k|df0f h'6fpg]
bfloTj aLldtsf] x'g]5 .
@#= o; aLdfn]v cGtu{t aLdf bfjL ;DaGwL s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf
aLdf P]g, @)$( adf]lhd x'g]5 .

df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&# M 95

 Jofj;flos ;jf/L ;fwg aLdfn]vsf] tflnsf -;]8\o'n_
aLldtsf]M aLdfn]v g+=M
gfd y/M aLdfn]vsf] lsl;dM
7]ufgfM k|:tfjssf] gfdM
aLdf k|:tfj ePsf] ldltM
k]zfM aLdfn]v hf/L ePsf] :yfgM
ldltM
/Iffj/0f ul/Psf hf]lvdx¿M
hf]lvd axg ug{ z'¿ x'g] ldltM
;doM
aLdf clestf{sf] gfd / Ohfht kq gDa/M
aLdf cjlwM …………… b]lv …………… ;Dd
nfu" x'g] ef}uf]lns If]qM g]kfn, ef/t, e"6fg, aLdfz'Ns
a+unfb]z / rLgsf] :jzfl;t If]q ltAat ;jf/L ;fwgsf] Iflt÷xflg–gf]S;fgL la¿4sf] aLdfsf]– ¿= ======………==
t]>f] kIf k|ltsf] bfloTj aLdfsf] – ¿= ======……==
/l;b g+=M rfnssf] b'3{6gf aLdfsf]– ¿= ======………==
/l;bsf] ldltM ;doM rfns afx]s cGo sd{rf/Lx¿sf] b'3{6gf aLdfsf] ¿= ======………==
ofqLsf] b'3{6gf aLdfsf]– ¿= =======………==
hf]lvd ;d"x aLdfsf]– ¿= ======………==
hDdf ¿= ======………==
l6s6– ¿= ======…===…==
==…== ∞ d"No clej[l4 s/– ¿= ========……==
s'n aLdfz'Ns– ¿= =======……==
aLdfn]vn] /Iffj/0f u/]sf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf]
OlGhg g+=M ag]sf] jif{M
Rofl;; g+=M 3g Ifdtf -So"ljs Sofkfl;6L_M
btf{ g+=M btf{ ldltM
agfpg] sDkgLM ;/;fdfg afx]s ;jf/L ;fwgsf] 3f]lift d"NoM
agf}6M ;/;fdfgsf] 3f]lift d"NoM
df]8]nM hDdf 3f]lift d"NoM
k|of]usf] ;LdfM
o; aLdfn]v cGtu{t /Iffj/0f ul/Psf] Jofj;flos ;jf/L ;fwg bf}8, k|ltof]lutf, l6sfp k/LIf0f, ult
k/LIf0f;+u ;DalGwt s'g} k|of]hgdf k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
rfnsM
lgDgdWo] s'g}M -s_ aLldt :jo+ jf -v_ aLldtsf] cfb]z jf cg'dltn] ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg] JolQm .
rfns;+u pQm Jofj;flos ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg] cg'dltkq ePsf] / To:tf] cg'dltkq /fVg jf k|fKt ug{
cof]Uo g7xl/Psf] x'g'kg]{5 .
aLdfz'Nssf] lx;faM -;+nUg tflnsf adf]lhd_
clgjfo{ clwsM :j]lR5s clwsM
;+nUg ;Dk'li6 gDa/x¿M
o; tflnsfdf pNn]v ePsf] k|of]usf] ;Ldf pNn3+g ePdf aLdsn] aLldtnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg] 5}g .
aLds tkm{af6 clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] –
b:tvtM
gfd y/M
5fkM
bhf{M

96 M df]6/ aLdfb/ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&#