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Introduction To Probability (3) :) (........ ), ,......... (A P A P A P UA UA A P

This document discusses probability concepts including the probability of events, mutually exclusive events, equally likely outcomes, conditional probability, and probability calculations for random experiments involving coins, dice and cards. Examples include calculating the probability of getting at least one head when tossing a coin twice, probabilities for outcomes of rolling a loaded die, and the probability of being dealt a specific poker hand.

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Hatem Dheer
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© © All Rights Reserved
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20 views6 pages

Introduction To Probability (3) :) (........ ), ,......... (A P A P A P UA UA A P

This document discusses probability concepts including the probability of events, mutually exclusive events, equally likely outcomes, conditional probability, and probability calculations for random experiments involving coins, dice and cards. Examples include calculating the probability of getting at least one head when tossing a coin twice, probabilities for outcomes of rolling a loaded die, and the probability of being dealt a specific poker hand.

Uploaded by

Hatem Dheer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to probability (3)

: - The probability of an event


is the sum of the weights of all
sample point in therefore
0 P ( A) 1
P( ) 0
P (S ) 1
If A1,A2
exclusive events then
P( A1UA2 ,......... ,UAn ) P( A1 ) P( A2 ) ........ P( An )

Introduction to probability (3)


: If an experiment can result in any
one of different equally likely
outcomes and if exactly of these
outcomes correspondent to event ,
then the probability of event is
n
P ( A)
N
Introduction to probability (3)

1. A balanced coin tossed twice what is


the probability that at least 1 head
occurs.
Solution: The number of ways for this
experiment is (2 ) 4 ways. Then the
2

sample space is S {HH , HT , TH , TT } , =4


A {HH , HT , TH } The event of at least 1
head occurring =3.
n 3
P ( A)
N 4

Introduction to probability (3)


2. A die is loaded in such a way that an even
number is twice as likely to occur as an
odd number. If ( ) is event that the number
less than 4 occurs in a single toss of the
die.
1. Find P( )
The sample space is S {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Now we assign a probability of w to each
odd number and a probability of 2w to each
even number.
Then S {w,2w, w,2w, w,2w}, N= 9w.
Introduction to probability (3)
= {1, 2, 3} < 4
P ( ) = {w, 2w, w}
1 2 1 4
P(E )
9 9 9 9

b. Let be the event that an even number


turns up and let B be the event that a
number divisive by 3 occurs. Find
P ( A B ) and P( A B) .

Introduction to probability (3)


Solution: Event is {2, 4, 6}, event is
{3, 6}.
P( A B) {2,3,4,6}, P(A B) {6}
2 1 2 2 7
P( A B)
9 9 9 9 9

2
P( A B)
9
Introduction to probability (3)
3. A statistics class for engineers consists of
25 industrial, 10 mechanics, 10 electrics an
8 civil engineering students. If a person is
randomly selected by instructor to answer
the question. Find the probability that the
student chosen is:
a) An industrial engineering major.
b) Civil engineering or an electrical engineering.
c) Mechanics and electrical engineering.

Introduction to probability (3)


:
Let I: denotes for industrial engineering.
M: denotes for mechanics engineering.
E: denotes for electrical engineering.
C: denotes for civil engineering.
N:= sum of student at class room.
N = 25 + 10 + 10 + 8 = 53 students.
a. Since 25 of 53 students are majoring industrial
engineering. Then the probability of event I selecting
an industrial engineering major at random is:
Introduction to probability (3)
1.
25
P (I )
53

2. P(C )
8
53
, P(E)
10
53

Then the probability a civil engineering or electrical


engineering is:
8 10 18
P(C E) P(C ) P( E )
53 53 53

3. ( M E)
P( M E) 0

Introduction to probability (3)


4. In a poker hand consisting of 5 cards,
find the probability of holding 2 aces
and 3 Jacks.
: The total number of 5 cards
hands all of which are equal is

52 52! 52 51 50 49 48 47!
N 2598960
5 47! 5! 47! 120
Introduction to probability (3)
And
5 5! 5 4 3!
n1 for aces 10
2 3! 2! 3! 2

5 5! 5 4 3!
n2 for Jaks 10
3 3! 2! 3! 2

Now there are

n n1 n2 10 10 100
hands with 2 aces and 3 Jacks

Introduction to probability (3)


Then the probability of getting 2 aces
and 3 Jacks in a 5 cards poker P(C) is

100
P (C ) 3.85 10 5

2598960

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