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FUNDAMENTALS OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE ABSTRACT Today's building

technology challenges revolve around energy efficiency. The main drivers of energy
efficiency in buildings are the growing global population, diminishing fossil-based
energy resources, and rising emissions of hazardous gases. Despite the fact that
building energy consumption varies depending on factors such as societal variations,
climate, geographical location, and cultural traditions, buildings are estimated to absorb
around 40% of the world's annual energy.

Based on all of these studies, an increasing amount of work has been invested into the
development of energy efficient design throughout the last century. The goal of this
paper is to provide an overview of energy efficient building design as it has evolved and
altered since the turn of the century, highlighting new breakthroughs and methods. This
research attempted to connect the developments and changes of the previous century
with global social events. The article includes a case study of a nearly zero energy
building (ZEB) to demonstrate contemporary energy saving technology.

The goal of the study is to give not just current systems and approaches, but also a
forecast of what will occur in the future. Keywords: Green-building Energy potency,
Renewable energy, Retrospective approach. Definition of Terminologies Green-building
Energy Efficiency: A 'green' building is one that reduces waste on our environment and
natural surroundings while simultaneously having the potential to produce positive ones
through its design, construction, or operation. Renewable energy: On a human timeline,
renewable energy is created from renewable resources that are gathered from natural
sources. Examples include sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.
Retrospective approach: Retrospective.
A retrospective study investigates exposures to potential risk or protective factors in
relation to an outcome determined at the beginning of the investigation. Mentor: Ar.
Kalpesh Patel Raghuveer M Reddy INTRODUCTION The problem of energy conservation
in the built environment has risen to the top of both political and scientific agendas. The
main motivators for energy efficiency in buildings are the growing global population,
diminishing fossil-based energy resources, and rising emissions of hazardous gases.

Furthermore, energy conservation is motivated by cost effectiveness, safety, and the

need to limit carbon emissions. Humans have been compelled to consume energy in the
most efficient way possible in every field during the last century as the amount of
energy used has skyrocketed and our dependence on energy resources has grown.
Buildings account for over 40% of all energy use on the planet. As a result, global
energy difficulties have an effect on the construction sector, with traces of these effects
obvious in building design, construction, and usage.

Energy-efficient design strategies for building construction, which consume so much of

the world's energy, have been advocated in this context. This study looks at the
approaches used in the previous century to improve energy efficiency in buildings.
METHADOLOGY (i) Enhancing building design and construction to reduce heating,
cooling, ventilation, and lighting demands. (ii) Improving the efficiency of
energy-consuming equipment by upgrading or replacing it. (iii) Actively managing
energy use in buildings. Mentor: Ar. Kalpesh Patel Raghuveer M ReddY 01FA16BAT034
ENERGY + GREEN HOME PROJECT CASE STUDY Architects: Unsangdong Architects.
<https://www.arch2o.com/tag/unsangdong-architects/> Location: Kyeong Gi
<https://www.arch2o.com/tag/kyeong-sik-yoon/>, South Koren
<https://www.arch2o.com/tag/south-korea/><https://www.arch2o.com/tag/south-kore
a/> Project Architect: Jang Yoon Gyoo, Shin Chang Hoon, Kim Youn Soo. Project Team:
Choi Young Eun, Kim Ho Jin, Ahn Hye Joon Partner. Photographs: Sergio Pirrone.

Project Name: E+ Green Home. Project Area: 1,733.08 sqm Our civilization, which has
advanced through industry and information, now faces an unavoidable need for
coexistence with environment. All vestiges of civilization from architectural activity might
be termed ruins from the perspective of nature. In response to futuristic needs,
civilization develops lifeless architectural space and locations. The natural environment is
deteriorating as civilization progresses. Because of these continual expansions and
consumptions, a new style of urban habitation is necessary, particularly for the
population of large cities, architecture, and infrastructure.

The needs for eco-friendly systems realized through the mix of artificiality and nature, as
well as symbiosis, are also in that issue, according to Landscape Architecture and
Ecological Architecture. A new sort of green home that generates power has been
created by Korean Green Technology. As an idea for a new form of house, we prefer
Energy + Green Home above Energy Zero. It is a sort of housing that combines
architectural goods with natural features with a manufacturing method that uses
artificial technology.

This green home includes the structural system, materials, spatial composition,
landscape enrichment, and enhanced human living. E+ Green Home is a new energy
plus sustainable home that blends the latest green technology with a number of
intelligent energy-saving devices. The Passivhaus Institute in Germany awarded the
structure a Passive House Certificate. It is the conclusion of the collaboration between
UNSANGDONG Architects and Kolon Institute of Technology.

With three e+ ideas, the purpose of the 'e + Green Home' project is to produce the first
residential Energy Plus and agreen home prototype of the future.1. Energy+, sustainable
Energy Plus integrated with green technologies, 2. Eco+, environmentally friendly
housing, and 3. Emotion +, housing that stimulates customers' design emotions. The
goal is to create affordable green houses by lowering energy usage in the household
and optimizing manufacturing processes. Kolon Engineering & Construction also
partnered with Fraunhofer Institute of Solar Energy (Fraunhofer ISE), the world's top
building and solar energy research institute, to create novel production and building
energy reduction solutions.

'e + Green Home' was built after a thorough technical review. With three e+ ideas, the
purpose of the 'e + Green Home' project is to produce the firstresidential Energy Plus
and a green home prototype of the future. 1. Energy+, which combines sustainable
energy with green technology; 2. Eco+, which is ecologically friendly; and 3. Emotion +,
which stimulates clients' design emotions. The objective is to make green homes more
accessible by reducing family energy use and improving manufacturing processes.

Kolon Engineering & Construction also partnered with Fraunhofer Institute of Solar
Energy (Fraunhofer ISE), the world's top building and solar energy research institute, to
create novel production and building energy reduction solutions. After a rigorous
technical assessment, 'e + Green Home' was constructed. 'E + Green Home' uses a total
of 95 green technologies. First and foremost, the building's energy consumption has
been reduced by using Energy+ technological features such as high-performance
insulation and high-density triple-pane windows.

The air tightness of the windows has been increased to reduce air leakage, and the
interior temperature has been kept at a consistent degree by using a vertical cylinder
that aids in the storage of indoor temperature in the concrete. Energy Plus was created
by combining solar heat with photovoltaics to generate additional energy. Modern
technology, such as a cooling radiator and a natural lighting system with ventilation, are
also utilised to improve occupant comfort. 10 WAYS TO MAXIMIZE A BUILDING'S
ENERGY EFFICIENCY · Involve your building's occupants. · Bulbs and lighting fixtures that
can save energy. · Light sensors should be installed. · Protect your building from the sun.

· Thermostats are used to control the temperature of a room. · Rethink your HVAC
equipment. · Make improvements to your efficiency. · Products that have earned the
Energy Star label. · Rebuild any leaks in your building. · Examine about renewable
energy. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS IN THE LAST CENTURY To comprehend the
previous century, one must study the advancements and changes in the sphere of
energy activity in structures (functionally independent) as well as the social events that
fueled the alterations. It is hard to envisage changes in the previous century occurring
independently of social and social realities or occurrences. The 1973 oil crisis resulted in
a significant change in building energy efficiency design.

The sudden increase in energy prices, as well as the difficulties in obtaining energy
sources, spurred communities to look for alternatives. During this time, key events
included the recognition of the need of energy efficiency in buildings, the return to
passive design principles (Commission of the European Union, 1991), and the advent of
computers. There appears to have been an increase in energy saving awareness during
this time. It is advised that limited energy resources be used as efficiently as possible.

The Industrial Revolution, the utilization of steam power, the introduction of electric
energy through the grid, the introduction of mass production into many sectors of life,
and the demands made by increased space needs are among the most significant
advancements of the nineteenth century. Prior to the twentieth century, the
fundamental principles in building energy efficiency were climatic design and passive
design systems. In this case, energy efficiency and comfort might be offered depending
on factors such as the building's location, orientation, form, and shade from adjacent
structures and the landscape, building envelope, heat conservation, moisture
movement, and natural ventilation cooling. The systems that were employed were a
reflection or extension of previous experiences. ARANYA BHAVAN The building is the
head office of the Rajasthan Forest Department, situated in Jaipur.

The following are some of the building's key features: • Five (G+4) storeys plus a parking
and service level in the basement (excluding Basement parking and service area) • Five
(G+4) storeys plus a parking and service level in the basement (excluding Basement
parking and service area) • This page has been visited by 344 people. • Examples of
venues include offices, museums, libraries, auditoriums, and guest rooms. • The floor
plans for the three wing s of the structure are shown below. GROUND FLOOR PLAN OF
THE BUILDING Measures to improve energy efficiency and a renewable energy system
have been implemented: The focus of the design workshop was on lowering heat gains,
enhancing day illumination, energy efficient lighting and cooling systems, and
integrating renewable energy sources. During the building stage, the following EEMs
were agreed upon and executed.

PROJECT TIMELINE AND KEY STEPS • A design workshop for energy-efficient design
including key project team members was held in December 2012, during the design
stage. The workshop resulted in the development and selection of energy efficiency
measures (EEMs), as well as building energy modelling to quantify energy savings. • The
building was under construction from 2013 until March 2015. • After being inaugurated
in March 2015, the construction was finished in April 2015. The building was exposed to
energy monitoring in 2015-2016.

ROOF INSULATION DETAILS Insulation on the Roof: The roof of this building is insulated
with 40 mm polyurethane foam (PUF), which has a U-value of 0.6 W/m2.K. In addition,
light-colored terrazzo tiles were used at the top to increase reflectivity. WALL
INSULATION DETAILS Wall insulation: External wall is built as a hollow wall with
insulation. The insulation was 50 mm extruded polystyrene (XPS), with a U-value of 0.5
W/m2.K. (Swithout taking account thermal bridging). GLAZING DETAILS EFFICIENT
GLAZING: To limit heat gains and receive enough daylight, a double glazed unit (6- 12-6
mm) with a U-value of 1.8 W/m2.K, SHGC of 0.24, and VLT of 36 percent was utilized.

The building's relatively shallow floor plate (15 m deep) aided daylighting. SPV system at
the rooftop Solar photovoltaic (SPV) system: A 45kWp grid-connected roof-top SPV
system with net metering is developed to meet some of the building's energy demands.
It should be noted that the contribution of a solar PV system was not taken into account
in the EPI calculations during the energy simulations. SPV system at the rooftop To
quantify the benefits of integrating EEMs, an energy simulation of the building was
performed using Design Builder software.

The following were the main outcomes of the energy simulation: Reduction in the size
of the cooling system: The cooling system was decreased in size from 230 TR (before the
design workshop) to 165 TR (after the incorporation of EEMs), a 28 percent reduction in
size. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION While passive design methods for building
comfort conditions were used before the twentieth century, by creating and employing
various energy sources, twentieth-century structures were planned independently of the
environment, relying mostly on active systems. This resulted in a significant rise in
energy usage in order to maintain comfortable circumstances.

This transformation has been driven by emerging technology, expanding population,

changing social life, and the perception of space and comfort. After the 1973 oil crisis,
many patterns of behavior were disrupted, and a dispute arose over how growing
energy use could be met with finite energy supplies. The concept of sustainability, which
first entered our consciousness in the 1980s, has produced a flood of new ideas,
including environmental preservation and energy use from renewable sources.

In the early 1990s, The world was not only familiar with such building uses in the 1990s,
but also with the notion of green building, which takes into account resource
consumption and waste management, especially during the construction process. With
the arrival of the new century, new regulations have evolved that encourage the use of
renewable energies while reducing the usage of environmentally destructive fossil
fuel-based energy supplies. Buildings that utilize little or practically no energy are
currently being studied.

Indeed, if the last century's events are summarized, energy bottlenecks have led to
increased energy efficiency, followed by encouraging energy diversification and turning
to environmentally friendly renewable energy sources, emphasizing the reinforcement of
passive systems, improving standards and building codes, and finally to buildings that
produce as much energy as they consume. Perhaps the most important lesson learned
in the past is that improving building energy efficiency isn't only about how much
energy is saved, but also how much energy is saved.

Following are some energy-efficient design techniques that might be the basis for future
suggestions, based on all of these considerations: • Buildings should be evaluated for
energy efficiency as a whole, rather than one at a time. • It should be a goal to turn
negative energy consumption into positive energy consumption during the
development and operation stages, which implies that buildings should produce more
energy than they use. • It's important to remember that the energy used to construct
the structure must be offset by positive energy output throughout the operating period.
• Building waste should be avoided, and dangerous gas emissions should be decreased.

• It is vital to set a goal for minimizing carbon emissions not only during the usage
phase but also during the building phase. • It is crucial to remember that the
occupants/users are the most critical component in building energy use. For positive
energy buildings, user-centered design and operating methods should be addressed.
REFERENCES Commission of European Communities (1991), Solar Architecture in
Europa, Brussels, Belgium. Ionescu, C., Baracu, T., Vlad, G. E., Necula, H., & Badea, A.
(2015). The historical evolution of the energy efficient buildings. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49, 243-253. O'Connor, J.M., (2015), Architecture & Passive
Design, Design Media Publishing, Hong Kong. Sev, A.

(2009), Sürdürülebilir Mimarl?k, Yem Yay?n, ?stanbul. Links:

http://www.arch2o.com/e-green-home-unsangdong-architects-kolon-institute-of-techn
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http://www.designboom.com/architecture/unsangdong-architects-sustainable-e-green-
home/ http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf (Last accessed January
2017) United Nations, World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)
(1987), “Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our
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