DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL WORKSHOP PRACTICE 4 (CNC MACHINING)
COURSE CODE: DJJ40142
COURSE: MECHANICAL WORKSHOP PRACTICE 4
NAME: REGISTRATION NO:
MOHAMAD ZULHAIRI BIN ABD RAHIM 09DKM19F1086
DATE : 3/1/2022 SUBMISSION DATE : 6/1/2022
CLASS : DKM5C
LECTURER : ENCIK MAIZAN BIN SULAIMAN
PREPARED BY: CHECKED /
APPROVED BY:
Apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering
PLO 5 and IT tools to well-defined engineering problems, with awareness
of the limitations (DK6)
Understand and evaluate the sustainability and impact of
PLO 7 engineering technician work in the solution of well-defined
engineering problems in societal and environmental contexts (DK7)
CLO 1 Perform high precision machining process for the surface or Report
cylindrical grinding machine. (P4,PLO5)
Demonstrate safety procedures in the workshop according to the
workshop safety regulation correctly to create a secured environment
CLO3 in an organization while doing practical work and ability to work in
team to complete assigned tasks during practical work session. (A3,
PLO7)
a. Title 5 4 3 2 1
b. Objective 5 4 3 2 1
c. Safety and Introcuction 5 4 3 2 1
d. Prepration 5 4 3 2 1
c. Description of G and M Code used 5 4 3 2 1
d. Cutting Parameter 5 4 3 2 1
e. CNC programming 5 4 3 2 1
f. Result 5 4 3 2 1
g. Discussion 5 4 3 2 1
h. Conclusion 5 4 3 2 1
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TOTAL MARKS
𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟎% =
𝟓𝟎
1. TITLE
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Milling Process
2. OBJECTIVE
I. Describe the development of the machining center
II. Identify the types and construction of machining centers
III. Explain the operation of the machining center
IV. Understand a basic CNC program for a machining center
V. To understand the fundamentals of NC programming which need to be taken for
completing a successful CNC program
3. SAFETY
WEAR PROPER ATTIRE: No loose clothing, glove rings bracelet or others jewellery to get
caught in moving parts. Non slip foot wear is recommend. Wear protective hair covering to
contain long hair
ALWAYS WEAR EYE PROTECTION: Refer to ANSLZ87.1 standard for appropriate
recommendation. Also use face or dusk mask if cutting operation is dusty
DON’T OVERBREACH: Keep proper footing and balance at all times. Do not stand inside
yellow line during machining operating.
NEVER STAND ON TOOLS: Serious injury could occur if the tool is tipped or if the cutting
too is accidentally contacted.
NEVER LEAVE TOOL RUNNING UNATTENDED. TURN POWER OFF: Don’t leave tool
until it comes to complete stop.
DRUGS, ALCOHOL, MEDICATION: Do not operate tool while under influence of drug,
alcohol or any medication.
4. INTRODUCTION
CNC milling, or computer numerical control milling, is a machining process which employs
computerized controls and rotating multi-point cutting tools to progressively remove material
from the workpiece and produce a custom-designed part or product. This process is suitable for
machining a wide range of materials, such as metal, plastic, glass, and wood, and producing a
variety of custom-designed parts and products.
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5. PREPRATION
1. TECHNICAL DRAWING OF THE PROJECT
2. TYPE OF MATERIAL TO BE CUT: LOW ALLOY ALUMINIUM
3. TYPE OF TOOL TO BE USED: HIGH SPEED STEEL (END MILL AND TWIST DRILL)
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4. PROCESS PLANNING:
I. SIDE MILLING FOR 2D EXTERNAL COUNTOURING PROCESS
II. DRILLING PROCESS
III. PROCESS END
6. DESCRIPTION OF G AND M CODE USED
a) G Code
G code (also RS-274D) is the most popular CNC programming language. Most G code
commands are alphanumeric format and start with G that stands for geometry. G-code is
responsible for the movements of CNC machines, telling the machine where to start, how
to move, and when to stop when fabricating a part. Example of g codes :
G00: Rapid Position Motion
G01: Linear Interpolation Motion or Linear Motion, Chamfer and Corner Rounding –
Modal
G02: CW Circulation Interpolation Motion – Modal
G03: CCW Circular Interpolation Motion – Modal
G04: Dwell (P) P=Seconds. Milliseconds
G05: Fine Spindle Control Motion (Live Tooling) – Optional
G09: Exact Stop
G10: Programmable Offset Setting
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b) M Code
Like the G code, the M code also begins with the letter ‘M.’ The M code is a set of auxiliary
commands that control all the machine’s non-geometric actions. Machinists refer to the
code as miscellaneous codes as it controls non-cutting actions such as stopping programs,
flooding the machine with coolants, and shutting it off after the temperature drops. Example
of M codes :
M00: Program Stop – Modal
M01: Optional Program Stop – Modal
M02: Program End – Modal
M03: Spindle on Forward (S) – Modal
M04: Spindle on Reverse (S) – Modal
M05: Spindle Stop – Modal
M08: Coolant On – Modal
M09: Coolant Off – Modal
M10: Chuck Clamp – Modal
7. CUTTING PARAMETER
a) SPINDLE SPEED CALCULATION
Spindle speed, n = 𝑉𝑐 ÷ 𝜋 ÷ 𝐷 × 1000
Vc = Cutting speed (m/min)
𝜋 = 3.14 (The circular constant)
𝐷 = Diameter (mm)
b) FEEDRATE CALCULATION
Feed rate, f = 𝑉𝑓
𝑛
Vf = feed speed perminute
n = spindle speed
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8. CNC PROGRAMMING (CNC MILLING PROCESS)
%
01087
G90G80G40G49
G91G28Z0
T01 (END MILL 20.0 MM)
M06
G43H100Z40.0
G90G55G0X-21.0Y0.
Z50
S1600
M3
M8
G0X-40.0Y30.0
G1X-40.0Y17.0F40
G3X-36.0Y10.072R8
G2X-35.0Y8.340R2
G1X-35.0Y-8.340
G2X-36.0Y-10.072R2
G3X-40.0Y-17.0R8
G3X-32.0Y-25.0R8
G3X-25.072Y-21.0R8
G2X-23.340Y-20.0R2
G1X23.40Y-20.0
G2X25.072Y-21.0R2
G3X32.0Y-25.0R8
G3X40.0Y-17.0R8
G3X36.0Y-10.032R8
G2X35.0Y-8.340R2
G1X35.0Y8.340
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G2X36.0Y10.072R2
G3X40.0Y17.0R8
G3X32.0Y25.0R8
G3X25.072Y21.0R8
G2X23.340Y20.0R2
G1X-23.340Y20.0
G2X-25.072Y21.0R2
G3X-32.0Y255.0R8
G3X-40.0Y17.0R8
G0Z20.00
G1Z50.F60.0
G0Z50
M5
M9
9. RESULT ( DRAWING WITH DIMENSION)
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10. DISCUSSION
We learned how a CNC machine works and how to interpret Gcodes in this experiment. G-code
is the CNC (Computer Numerical Code) machine's command system. Any term in a CNC
programme that starts with the letter G is referred to as a Gcode. In most cases, it is a code that
instructs the machine tool to carry out specified tasks. Consider the following scenario: G
commands generally specify the type of motion (e.g., quick positioning, linear feed, circular feed,
fixed cycle) or the offset value to utilise. Other letters that begin with the letter "G" include "M"
(miscellaneous), "T" (tool selection), "S" (spindle speed), and many others. The CNC machine will
receive these codes, which will be encoded into software. The software will convert the G-codes
into signals for various machine activities. The machine subsequently cuts and removes metal bits
in a methodical manner, according to the regulations. CNC machines are classified into two types:
lathe machines and milling machines.
11. CONCLUSION
CNC machining is a production technique that incorporates the use of computers to operate
machine equipment. Lathes, mills, routers, and grinders are examples of tools that can be
controlled in this way. Machine tools that use CNC machining work by using numerical control. G-
code and M-code are CNC machine control languages that help maintain machines safe and
productive.
12. REFERENCES
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https://www.rapiddirect.com/blog/g-and-m-codes/
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