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IEEE 802.11 Overview and Amendments Under Development

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269 views48 pages

IEEE 802.11 Overview and Amendments Under Development

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Khải Xuân
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IEEE 802.

11 Overview and Amendments under development

Overview of the 802.11 Working Group

The IEEE 802.11 standard to date

New Amendments: Markets, use cases and key technologies

2021 July
Presenter: Szymon Szott

“At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views
should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position, explanation, or interpretation of the IEEE.” IEEE-SA
Standards Board Operation Manual (subclause 5.9.3)

July 2021
IEEE Standards Association

Individual membership Maintaining Initiating the


the Standard Project
9,339 individual members in 90 countries

Corporate Memberships Gaining Final Mobilizing


391 member corporations in 23 countries Approval the Working
Group
Standards Developers
Balloting the Drafting the
~20,000 participants; Standard Standard
all interested parties are welcome

July 2021
The IEEE 802.11 Working Group is one of the most active WGs in 802
 Focus on link and physical layers of the network stack
 Leverage IETF protocols for upper layers

OSI Reference
Model
IEEE 802
Application Local and Metropolitan Area Networks
Standards Committee (LMSC)

Presentation

Session
802.1 802.22 802.24
802.3 802.15 802.16 802.18 802.21
Higher 802.11 802.19 Wireless Vertical
CSMA/CD Wireless Wireless Radio Media
Transport Layer
Ethernet
Wireless
Specialty Broadband Regulatory
Co-existence Regional App.
Independent Area
LAN WLAN WG TAG
Networks Access TAG Handoff
Protocols Networks
Network

Data Link
IEEE IEEE 802.11 WG Voting Members: 400+
Physical
802
Medium

July 2021
Type of Groups in 802.11

Type of Group Description


WG Working Group
SC Standing Committee
TG Task Group
SG Study Group
TIG Topic Interest Group
AHG Ad Hoc Group

July 2021
4
IEEE 802.11 Active Subgroups

Type Group WG & Infrastructure Type Group Amendments/Revision


WG WG11 The IEEE 802.11 Working Group TG AZ Next Generation Positioning (NGP)
SC AANI Advanced Access Networking TG BB Light Communication (LC)
Interface (AANI) TG BC Enhanced Broadcast Service (BCS)
SC ARC Architecture TG BD Enhancements for Next Gen V2X (NGV)
SC COEX Coexistence TG BE Extremely High Throughput
SC PAR PAR review TG BF WLAN Sensing
802 SC JTC1 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC6 TG BH Randomized MAC Addresses (RCM)
TG BI Enhanced Data Privacy Protection (EDP)
Type Group New Work
TG ME Revision (REVme)
SC WNG Wireless Next Generation
SG Various Study Groups
TIG Various Topic Interest Groups
AHG ITU ITU related topics and documents

July 2021
5
Development of the IEEE 802.11 Standard is ongoing since 1997

11aq
11aa 11k 11s
Pre Association 11e
Video Transport RRM Mesh
Discovery QoS
MAC

11v
11u 11h
Network
WIEN DFS & TPC
11ak 11ae Management
General Link QoS Mgt Frames
11i 11d
11z
Security Intl roaming
TDLS 11w
11ai Management
Fast Initial Link Frame 11f
Setup 11r Inter AP IEEE
Security
Fast Roam
802.11 802.11 Std
802.11 802.11 802.11
-2012 -2003 802.11
-2020 -2016 -2007
-1997

11n
11ah 11af High 11a
11j
Sub 1 GHz TV Whitespace Throughput 54 Mbps
JP bands
PHY & MAC

(>100 Mbps) 5GHz


11aj 11ac -VHT
China millimeter >1 Gbps @ 5GHz
wave 11g
11y 11b
11p Contention 54 Mbps 11 Mbps
11ad - VHT
WAVE Based 2.4GHz 2.4GHz
>1 Gbps @ 60GHz
Protocol

July 2021
6
New 802.11 Radio technologies are under development to meet expanding market
needs and leverage new technologies. Completed standards

IEEE Std 802.11-2020 Revision project, published February 26, 2021


IEEE Std 802.11ax-2021 – Increased throughput & efficiency in 2.4, 5 (and 6) GHz bands, published May 18, 2021
IEEE Std 802.11ay-2021 – Support for 20 Gbps in 60 GHz band, expect publication in July 2021
802.11az – 2nd generation positioning features
IEEE Std 802.11ba-2021 – Wake up radio. Low power IoT applications, expect publication August 2021
802.11bb – Light Communications
802.11bc – Enhanced Broadcast Service
802.11bd – Enhancements for Next Generation V2X
802.11be – Extremely High Throughput
802.11bf – WLAN Sensing
802.11bi – Randomized MAC Addresses
802.11bh – Enhanced Data Privacy

July 2021
IEEE 802.11 Standards Pipeline – July 2021

MAC 802.11
REVme

802.11bh
RCM
802.11bc
802.11bi
BCS
EDP
802.11ba
Study 802.11az WUR
Group(s) 802.11bf NGP
ITU Liaison SENS 802.11
(ITU) AHG WNG -2020
Topic 802.11ax
802.11be 802.11bd
Interest HEW
EHT NGV
Group(s)
802.11ay
802.11bb
NG60
LC

Liaison MAC & PHY

Liaison Discussion TIG/Study TG without WG IEEE SA Published Published


Topics Topics groups Approved draft Letter Ballot Ballot Amendment Standard
July 2021
8
Market demands and new technology drive IEEE 802.11 innovation
• Demand for throughput
• Continuing exponential demand for throughput (802.11ax and 802.11ay, 802.11be)
• Most (50-80%, depending on the country) of the world’s mobile data is carried on 802.11 (Wi-Fi) devices

• New usage models / features


• Dense deployments (802.11ax), Indoor Location (802.11az),
• Automotive (IEEE Std 802.11p, Next Gen V2X), Internet of Things (802.11ah)
• Low Power applications (802.11ba)
• WLAN Sensing (802.11bf)

• Technical capabilities
• MIMO (IEEE Std 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ay) and OFDMA (802.11ax)
• 60 GHz radios (802.11ay)

• Changes to regulation
• TV whitespaces (IEEE Std 802.11af), Radar detection (IEEE Std 802.11h), 6GHz (802.11ax, 802.11be)
• Coexistence and radio performance rules (e.g., ETSI BRAN, ITU-R)
July 2021
10
802.11az Next Generation Positioning
• Next Generation Positioning P802.11az project is the evolutionary roadmap of accurate 802.11
location (FTM) appearing first in previous revisions of the 802.11 standard:
• Accurate indoor Navigation (sub 1m and into the <0.1m domain).
• Secured (authenticated and private) positioning – open my car with my smartphone, position aware
services (money withdrawal).
• Open my computer with my phone/watch.
• Location based link adaptation for home usages (connect to best AP).
• Navigate in extremely dense environments (stadia/airport scenarios).

July 2021 11
802.11az Key Radio and Positioning Techniques
• Medium efficient operation via dynamic (demand dependent)
measurement rate.

• Adaptation to next generation mainstream 802.11ax Trigger Based


Operation (MIMO, Trigger Frame, NDP frame)

• Authenticity and privacy and anti-spoofing mechanism via PMF in the


unassociated mode and PHY level randomized measurement
sequences (HE LTF sequences protection).

• Improved accuracy via MIMO and larger BW available in the <7Ghz


band for 11ax.

• MIMO enablement for measurement for improved accuracy especially


for NLOS or NNLOS conditions.

• Passive location with fixed overhead independent of number of users

July 2021
802.11bb Light Communications

• 5Gbps+ rates are defined


• Light Communications (LC)

Use Cases: Key additions :


• Industrial wireless applications • Uplink and downlink operations in
380 nm to 5,000 nm band
• Medical environments
• Minimum single-link throughput
• Enterprise of 10 Mb/s
• Home • Mode supporting at least 5 Gb/s,
• Backhaul • Interoperability among solid state
• Vehicle to Vehicle Communication light sources with different
• Underwater Communication modulation bandwidths.
• Gas Pipeline Communication

July 2021 13
802.11bb usage model 1: Industrial wireless
Pre-Conditions Traffic Conditions
Devices may experience unstable radio frequency (RF) Both uplink and downlink traffic is using LC.
connection due to Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) High levels of OBSS interference between LC access points
in factories. LC is deployed to provide reliable wireless (APs) expected due to very high density deployment.
connectivity for industrial wireless networks. Potential non-LC interference from surrounding environments
Environment such as artificial-light.
All communications are within a large metal building, Multiple LC modules are deployed on the robot/equipment
industrial or automated work cell. The area of these and on the ceiling/walls to provide multiple light links for a
environments range from tens to thousands of square robust connectivity in case a single line-of-sight (LOS) link is
meters, equipped with industrial robot and other blocked.
equipment. The environment has high levels of EMI. Use Case
Lighting level of 150 lux is recommended (1500 lux for An industrial robot is powered on and ready for operation.
dedicated work). Operating instructions are transmitted to the robot via LC.
Applications The robot is working (e.g., movement) according to the
Ultra-high-definition (UHD) video streaming for instructions and provides real-time feedback information
surveillance or production monitoring (quality control) and/or video monitoring data for quality control to control
applications, for video collaboration for team, customer, center also via LC. Upon command, the robot finishes the task
and supplier meetings. Lightly compressed Video: ~ and is ready for the next one.
1Gbps, delay < 5 ms, 1x10-8 PER, 99.9% reliability. Fully
connected factory—for real-time communications,
application execution, and remote access.Distance
between LC APs ranges from 2~20 meters.

July 2021
14
802.11bb usage model 2: Wireless access in medical environments
Pre-Conditions Traffic Conditions
IEC 60601-1-2 standard recommends the minimum No interference caused by RF radiation.
separation distance between medical electrical (ME) Both uplink and downlink traffic is are using LC.
equipment and RF wireless communications equipment High Quality of Service (QoS) and high reliability are required.
(e.g., wireless local area network (WLAN)) be 30 cm to Potential non-LC interference from surrounding environments
avoid performance degradation of the ME equipment. LC such as artificial-light.
is deployed to ensure the performance of all ME
equipment. Use Case
Doctors enter an operating theater, turn on the LC enabled
Environment LED lights and ME equipment. Doctors can interact with the
The size of a operating theater and MRI room ranges from remote doctors and share information using LC. ME
30~60 m2. Multiple LC-APs are deployed on the ceiling to equipment connectivity is also supported by LC. Doctors finish
provide specialized illumination. The central illuminance the treatment, then turn off the lights and medical equipment.
of the operating light: 160k and 40k lux. The size of a four A patient is monitored by ME equipment which communicate
beds ward is about 60 m2, light level: 300 lux on the bed with the nurses/doctors in control room via LC.
and >100 lux between the beds and in the central area.
Applications
LC-WLAN is used to allow wireless data exchange in © vm

medical environments with ME equipment or system.


Medical multimedia and diagnostic information can be
transmitted to provide telemedicine services; ME
equipment can also be wirelessly controlled via LC.
Provide Intranet/ Internet access, audio or video call for
doctors, nurses and patients using LC-based devices. Operating theater Hospital ward

July 2021
15
802.11bb uses light spectrum and existing technological capabilities

• RF frontend up-converts
baseband signals onto e.g.
fc=2.4 GHz.

• LC frontend up-converts
baseband onto low IF e.g.
fc=BW/2 + Δ.
– Δ is to be agreed depending on signal mask design.
• This way, any complex-valued baseband signal (i.e. any
existing IEEE 802.11 PHY) can be used to facilitate LC.
July 2021
802.11bb uses light spectrum and existing technological capabilities

• 802.11 MAC could integrate existing and optimized PHY

802.11
MAC

Existing LC-Optimized
PHY for LC PHY

• Use existing 802.11a PHY as a common, mandatory OFDM PHY, using 800 nm – 1000 nm as the common
mode wavelength
• The switch between the LC PHY modes will be done at the MAC layer.

a) Legacy 802.11 PHY is used (e.g. 11a/g, n, ac, ax) → reuse 802.11 PHY also for LC
b) LC-optimized PHY is used (e.g. G.hn/G.vlc) → optimize performance for LC
July 2021
802.11bc is defining Enhanced Broadcast Services

• Enhanced Broadcast Services (eBCS) defines broadcast service enhancements within an


802.11-based network.
• Client end devices broadcast information to an AP, e.g. in an IoT environment, to other
STAs so that any of the receiving APs act as an access node to the Internet.

July 2021
802.11bc Broadcast Downlink use case description

Broadcast Downlink Topology/Architecture


Provides enhanced Broadcast
Services (eBCS) of data (e.g. Contents
videos) to a large number of Server Network
densely located STAs.
AP
These STAs may be associated,
or un-associated with the AP or
may be low-cost STAs that are
receive only.
STA STA STA STA STA

July 2021 19
802.11bc Broadcast Uplink use case description

Broadcast Uplink Topology/Architecture


Pre-configured devices (e.g. IoT)
automatically connect to the end
server through APs with zero setup STA 1
AP 1 Internet Server
action required.
AP 2
STA 2 Zero Setup Sensor
Alternatively, low power IoT devices
that are in motion, report to their
servers through APs without scanning STA 1
AP 1 Internet Server
@ t=T1
and associating
STA 1
Sensor on the move
@ t=T2 AP 2

July 2021 20
802.11bd defines an evolution of 802.11p for Vehicle to Anything (V2X)
• 802.11p is largely based on 802.11a.
• 802.11bd defines MAC/PHY enhancements from 802.11n,
ac, ax, to provide a backwards compatible next
generation V2X protocol. Longer Range Higher
Throughput
• Higher Throughput
• OFDM frame design
• Higher MCS, LDPC coding
• Packet aggregation

• Longer Range
• Mid-amble design
• Repeated transmission mechanism
• More robust channel coding

• Support for Positioning


Backwards
• Backward Compatibility Compatibility Positioning
• Backward compatible frame format design, Version indication

July 2021
802.11bd: Next Generation V2X Use Cases
5.9 GHz band mainly, and optionally 60 GHz;
Completion in 2022
http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/tgbd_update.htm

V2X Use Cases: Key additions :


• Suport all defined DSRC/802.11p use cases, including • Higher throughput (2x) than 802.11p
• Longer range (3dB lower sensitivity level)
Basic safety message (safety, range, backward • Support for positioning
compatibility, fairness) • Backward compatibility with 11p
• Sensor sharing (throughput)
• Multi-channel operation (safety channel +
other channels)
• Infrastructure applications (throughput)
• Vehicular positioning & location (LoS and
NLoS positioning accuracy)
• Automated driving assistance (safety, throughput)
• Aerial vehicle IT application (video)
• Train to train (high speed)
• Vehicle to train (high speed, long range) 22
July 2021
802.11be Extremely High Throughput amendment builds on 802.11ax,
including 6GHz support
Use Cases:
Extremely High Throughput (EHT) • Home, enterprise, industrial, IoT
• Outdoor
Operation in 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands • AR/VR
• 4K and 8K video streaming
• Remote office
Higher throughout – Project goal of at least • Cloud computing
30 Gbps; expect 40+Gbps with 320MHz channels, • Video calling and conferencing
4096 QAM, 16x16 MU-MIMO

Support for low latency communications

Continued improvements in spectral efficiency

Targeted completion in 2024


23
May 2021
802.11be features under consideration

• 320 MHz bandwidth and more efficient utilization of non-contiguous spectrum


• Multi-band/multi-channel aggregation and operation
• 16 spatial streams and MIMO protocols enhancements
• Multi-AP Coordination (e.g. coordinated and joint transmission)
• Enhanced link adaptation and retransmission protocol (e.g. HARQ)
• Adaptation to regulatory rules specific to 6 GHz spectrum
• Refinements of 802.11ax features

July 2021
Countries enabling Wi-Fi 6E: 6GHz Operation, see https://www.wi-
fi.org/countries-enabling-wi-fi-6e (as of 2021-07-29)

25
July 2021
WFA Wi-Fi 6E Interoperability certification is now available: IEEE 802.11ax in
the 6GHz band

Certification Announced 2021-01-07

Press release
Paper: Wi-Fi 6E: Wi-Fi® in the 6 GHz band
Wi-Fi 6E Highlights
Wi-Fi 6E Video animation
List of certified devices

July 2021
26
6 GHz Channels in United States & Europe/CEPT

UNII-5 UNII-6 UNII-7 UNII-8

225
105

201
205
209
213
217
221

229
233
101

109
113
117
121
125

129
133
137
141
145
149
153
157

161
165
169
173
177
181
185
189

193
197
59 x 20 MHz
1
5

53

93
13
17
21

25
29

33
37
41
45
49

57
61

65
69
73
77
81
85

89

97
20 MHz Guard

3 11 19 27 35 43 51 59 67 75 83 91 99 107 115 123 131 139 147 155 163 171 179 187 195 203 211 219 227
29 x 40 MHz
7 23 39 55 71 87 103 119 135 151 167 183 199 215
14 x 80 MHz
7 x 160 MHz 15 47 79 111 143 175 207

5925 MHz 6425 6525 6875 7125 MHz


MHz MHz MHz

5925 - 6425
= Low Power Indoor (LPI) Only
= LPI & Automatic Frequency Coordination (AFC)
24 x 20 MHz
20 MHz Guard

12 x 40 MHz = LPI & Very Lower Power (VLP)


6 x 80 MHz
3 x 160 MHz

5925 MHz 6425


MHz

July 2021 27
802.11bf WLAN sensing
• WLAN sensing is the use of received WLAN signals to detect features of an intended
target in a given environment.
• Measure range, velocity, angular, motion, presence or proximity
• Detect objects, people, animals
• Use in room, house, car, enterprise environments

• Target frequency bands are:


• between 1 GHz and 7.125 GHz (MAC/PHY service interface)
• above 45 GHz (MAC/PHY)

July 2021 28
802.11bf use cases

Presence and proximity detection


Gaming control (Home/Enterprise/Vehicle)
Smart home

Gesture recognition

• Note: The specification of applications that make use of WLAN sensing measurements is beyond the scope of P802.11bf.

July 2021 29
802.11bf WLAN sensing
• 802.11bf enables:
• Stations to inform other stations of
their WLAN sensing capabilities
• Request and setup transmissions
that enable WLAN sensing
measurements to be performed
• Exchange of WLAN sensing
feedback and information

• Sensing performance metrics


include
• Accuracy of range, angle and
velocity resolution
• Resolution of range, angle and
velocity
• Coverage range, field of view

July 2021 31
802.11bh Randomized and Changing MAC addresses (RCM)
A MAC address is a physical hardware identifier that is assigned by the hardware manufacturer to a
network device (Ethernet, Wireless, and Bluetooth as examples)

To protect user privacy, there is a growing trend to randomize the client device’s MAC address, which
can otherwise be “snooped” by third-parties and used to track the user’s movements and potentially actions.

❖ MAC address randomization can undermine the network’s ability to steer the device to the best connection point, or
to recognize the device and provide differentiated access in secure environments, pay-for-bandwidth scenarios, etc.

July 2021 32
802.11bh Randomized and Changing MAC addresses (RCM)
Client Steering Use Case
Impacted use cases include:
• Steering a client device to
the best connection point
• Recognizing the device, to
provide personalized home
automation
• Access to pay services, or
differentiated levels of
service
• Customer support and
troubleshooting

July 2021 33
802.11bi Enhanced Data Privacy
✓ Privacy of Password (WPA3)
Privacy of Password Identifier
Defines new mechanisms to improve user
privacy
• Today, IEEE Std 802.11aq-2018 defines
MAC address randomization and
specific requirements to prevent
device tracking using passive
observation of PHY, MAC protocol
fields.

• To ensure continued growth and


support for IEEE Std 802.11, this
project is investigating additional
enhancements for user privacy
solutions applicable to 802.11.

Figure: https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/21/11-21-0541-00-00bi-protecting-password-identifiers.pptx

July 2021 34
34
New 802.11 Radio technologies are under development to meet expanding market
needs and leverage new technologies

• 802.11az – 2nd generation positioning features.


• 802.11ba – Wake up radio. Low power IoT applications.
• 802.11bb – Light Communications
• 802.11bc – Enhanced Broadcast Service
• 802.11bd – Enhancements for Next Generation V2X
• 802.11be – Extremely High Throughput in 2.4, 5 and 6 GHz bands
• 802.11bf – WLAN Sensing
• 802.11bh – Randomized MAC Addresses
• 802.11bi – Enhanced Data Privacy

July 2021
35
802.11ax (2.4GHz, 5(6)GHz), 802.11ay (60GHz), and 802.11ah (sub 1GHz)
technology can be leveraged to meet 5G requirements

• Today’s 4G networks include 802.11


technologies
• For offload: “More traffic was offloaded from
cellular networks (on to Wi-Fi) than remained
on cellular networks in 2019” (Cisco VNI)
• For Wi-Fi calling

• Wi-Fi carries most public & private


Internet traffic worldwide 802.11ax
8Gb/s (OFDMA, U/L MU-MIMO)
• Between 50-80% depending on country. 5G Hotspot Mobile Broadband

• 5G radio aggregation technologies will


natively incorporate Wi-Fi
• 802.11/Wi-Fi is a Peer Radio Access 802.11ay/aj 802.11ah (Sub 1 GHz)
Technology in the 5G Architecture 60GHz + 11ba
n*20Gb/s (Aggregation+MIMO) 900 MHz Indoor IoT PANs
Device connectivity Wearables, sensors, smart home

July 2021
36
802.11 is a Peer Radio Access Technology in 5G System
Untrusted WLAN Access (3GPP Rel-15 onwards) Trusted WLAN Access (3GPP Rel- 16 onwards)
N2 N11

3GPP Access AMF SMF


N2 N11

3GPP Access AMF SMF


N3 N2
N4

N3
N1 N3IWF UPF Data Network N1 N2
N3 N6 N4
HPLMN IPSec
N1 Y2
UPF Data Network
Non-3GPP N6
Networks N1
UE Untrusted WLAN
N3

802.11

• 5G System is Access Agnostic: UE devices can register and


Trusted Trusted
WLAN Non-3GPP
UE Access Gateway
IPSec
access 5G services without the need of licensed based 802.11
Point
TNAP
Function
TNGF

access; Trusted Non-3GPP Access


Network (TNAN)

• Unified EAP based authentication mechanism for all


accesses; TNGF
TNAP
N2/N3
• Unified transport mechanism over WLAN access for both UE
802.11
TNAP Tn 5GC
trusted and untrusted use cases;
TNAP
TNGF
• Policies based mechanism for access selection and traffic N2/N3

selection, steering and splitting; Trusted Non-3GPP Access


Network (TNAN)

• Unified QoS mechanism for both cellular and WLAN access.


July 2021
37
802.11 and cellular radio technologies are largely complementary in meeting the
comprehensive 5G service vision

• WLAN access is integral part of the into the 5G system architecture developed by
3GPP

• 5G architecture is a functional based architecture


• This provides the flexibility that both core network anchoring and the RAN
based anchoring from 4G system are seamlessly supported in 5G system
architecture

• 802.11 defined technologies – 2.4/5/6/60GHz and cellular radio technologies are


essential – and largely complementary - in meeting the comprehensive 5G service
vision
July 2021
38
Thank You

Questions

Additional slides: Recently completed amendments (IEEE Std 802.11ax-


2021, IEEE Std 802.11ay-2021, IEEE Std 802.11ba-2021)

July 2021
IEEE Std 802.11ax-2021 is focused on improving performance in dense
environments

• Existing 802.11 WLAN systems serve dense deployments:


2019 Super bowl: 24TB* of data carried on WLAN network
• 802.11ax aims to further improve performance of WLAN
deployments in dense scenarios
• Targeting at least 4x improvement in the per-STA
throughput compared to 802.11n and 802.11ac.
• Improved efficiency through spatial (MU MIMO) and
frequency (OFDMA) multiplexing.
• Dense scenarios are characterized by large number of
access points and large number of associated STAs
deployed in geographical limited region
• e.g. a stadium or an airport. Access to Internet, latest airlines’
announcements, and digital media
such as movies and sport events

* https://www.extremenetworks.com/resources/slideshare/wi-fi-engagements-from-super-bowl-
liii/

July 2021
40
IEEE Std 802.11ax-2021 Categories of Enhancements
Spectral Efficiency & Area Throughput High Density
DL/UL MU-MIMO OFDMA
1024 QAM w/ 8 clients Long OFDM Spatial Reuse
25% increase Symbol
in data rate
ac

ax
8x8 AP
2x increase Up to 20%
in throughput increase
in data rate

Power Saving Outdoor / Longer range


Scheduled sleep and wake times Variable durations per HE-LTF symbol
Extended range packet structure
B
e
Next TWT TWT Wake Interval B
e 8µs 8µs 4µs 4µs 16µs 4µs
a a
c c
DL/UL

...
o T DL/UL T T DL/UL T DL/UL o
n
F MU F MU F MU F MU n
L-STF L-LTF L-SIG RL-SIG HE-SIG-A HE-STF HE-LTF HE-LTF Data PE
TWT element: Implicit TWT, Next TWT, TWT Wake Interval

0.8us
20 MHz-only clients 80 MHz Capable

20 MHz-only Enhanced delay 11ac


spread protection- 1.6us 11ax
long guard interval
3.2us 11ax

July 2021
IEEE 802.11ax meets the MAC/PHY requirements for 5G IMT-2020 Indoor
Hotspot and Dense urban test environments defined by ITU-R
Simulation conforming to the ITU-R evaluation methodology shows that performance of IEEE 802.11ax systems
meet or exceed MAC and PHY requirements for the 5G Indoor Hotspot and Dense Urban test environments

Metric (Indoor Hotspot) ITU-R Evaluation Method Minimum Requirement 802.11ax Performance

1 Peak data rate Analytical DL/UL : 20/10 Gbps DL/UL : 20.78 Gbps

2 Peak spectral efficiency Analytical DL/UL : 30/15 bits/s/Hz DL/UL : 58.01 bits/s/Hz

Analytical for single band and


single layer; Not applicable for Indoor
3 User experienced data rate Not applicable
Hotspot
Simulation for multi-layer

4 5th percentile user spectral efficiency Simulation DL/UL : 0.3/0.21 bits/s/Hz DL/UL : 0.45/0.52 bits/s/Hz

5 Average spectral efficiency Simulation DL/UL : 9/6.75 bits/s/Hz/TRxP DL/UL : 9.82/13.7 bits/s/Hz/TRxP
Required DL bandwidth = 170 MHz with 3
6 Area traffic capacity Analytical DL : 10 Mbit/s/m2 TRxP/site
7 Mobility Simulation UL : 1.5 bits/s/Hz UL : 9.4 bits/s/Hz
8 Bandwidth Inspection 100 MHz, scalable 20/40/80/80+80/160 MHz
9 User plane latency Analytical DL/UL : 4 ms DL/UL : 80 us

July 2021 42
IEEE Std 802.11ay-2021 defines next generation 60 GHz: increased throughput and
range
• 20Gbps+ rates are defined
• License- Exempt bands above 45Gbps
• Completion in 2021; First chipsets announced

Use Cases: Key additions :


• Ultra-Short Range • SU/ MU MIMO, up to 8 spatial streams
• 8K UHD - Smart Home • Channel bonding
• Channel aggregation
• AR/VR and wearables
• Non-uniform constellation modulation
• Data Center Inter Rack connectivity • Advanced power saving features
• Video / Mass-Data distribution
• Mobile Offloading and MBO
• Mobile Fronthauling
• Wireless Backhauling (w. multi-hop)
• Office Docking
• Fixed Wireless

July 2021 43
60 GHz Fixed Wireless Use Case: Affordable 5G Performance

“the 14 GHz of contiguous spectrum in the band offers more bandwidth than any other
licensed or unlicensed mmWave band. Further, the 60 GHz band has chipsets and
technology currently available on the commercial market.”

“In the U.S., unlicensed mmWave frequencies available for 5G primarily cover the band from
57 – 71 GHz, called the V-Band, or 60 GHz band. This band offers 14 GHz of contiguous
spectrum, which is more than all other licensed and unlicensed bands combined7. This
makes the 60 GHz band an excellent alternative to licensed mmWave frequencies for
smaller providers, as it can be used to deliver 5G performance for the minimal cost of
available 60 GHz infrastructure products.

https://go.siklu.com/hubfs/Content/White%20Papers/Maravedis%20Industry%20Overview:
%205G%20Fixed%20Wireless%20Gigabit%20Services%20Today.pdf

https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/60-ghz-band-particularly-appealing-for-fixed-wireless-report

June 2021
44
60 GHz Mesh Backhaul Wireless Use Case: Deploying Today

“Leading Wi-Fi and wireless network solution


vendor Cambium Networks announced today
that they will be incorporating Facebook’s
Terragraph technology into a new series of
Cambium Networks 60 GHz radio products
called cnWave™. The news comes as Terragraph
appears to be ramping up go-to-market
activities with trials underway in Hungary and
most recently in Malaysia.”

“Terragraph is essentially a 60 GHz-based


meshed (or multi-hop, multi-point) backhaul
radio system for deployment at street level in
cities.”

https://wifinowevents.com/news-and-blog/cambium-
networks-to-incorporate-facebook-terragraph-tech-into-new-
60-ghz-products/

June 2021
45
802.11ay builds on 802.11ad with MIMO and channel bonding features
Example without polarization

• Channel bonding and aggregation


requires new:
• Channelization
• Packet format
• Channel access mechanisms

• Single User and downlink MU MIMO


• Distribute capacity across users Example with polarization

• Unique requirements given


directionality
• Exploit antenna polarization
• Changes to the beamforming
protocol

June 2021
46
802.11ay defined channelization

June 2021
47
IEEE Std 802.11ba-2021 Wake-up Radio Main Use Cases

1. Smart Home 2. Warehouse 3. Wearables

WUP: wake-up packet


WUR: wake-up receiver
MR: main radio
48
802.11ba improves energy efficiency of stations and maintains low latency

AP buffers data
Internet Internet data
until the 802.11
station wakes up
data → Long latency
Buffer Do you have
Dofor
data youme?
have Buffer
Do you have
data for me?
data for me?
No
No
802.11 radio needs to No
wake up periodically to Awake Awake
receive data within a 802.11 802.11
latency requirement → station station
Sleep Sleep
high power consumption
of 802.11 station Short sleep Long sleep
interval interval

June 2021
49
802.11ba Low Power Wake-up Radio Operation

Transmission range
or
Data 802.11 = LP-WUR
Transmitter Packet Receiver

802.11 OFF
ON
802.11 + Wake-up
Packet Wake-up signal
LP-WUR ON
Wake-up
Packet

June 2021
50

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